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    Less 01 & Cont 01 Introduction To Semiconductors PDF

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    Anusooya V
    1) The document discusses PN junction diodes and semiconductor theory. It introduces electronics and describes how materials can be classified as conductors, semiconductors, or insulators depending on their electron configuration and conductivity. 2) Conductors contain many free electrons and conduct electricity well, while insulators contain almost no free electrons and conduct poorly. Semiconductors have conductivity between conductors and insulators. 3) Examples of good semiconductors are germanium and silicon, which have four valence electrons in their outer orbit allowing partial filling and conductivity between conductors and insulators.

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    Less 01 & Cont 01 Introduction To Semiconductors PDF

    Uploaded by

    Anusooya V
    44 views2 pages
    1) The document discusses PN junction diodes and semiconductor theory. It introduces electronics and describes how materials can be classified as conductors, semiconductors, or insulators depending on their electron configuration and conductivity. 2) Conductors contain many free electrons and conduct electricity well, while insulators contain almost no free electrons and conduct poorly. Semiconductors have conductivity between conductors and insulators. 3) Examples of good semiconductors are germanium and silicon, which have four valence electrons in their outer orbit allowing partial filling and conductivity between conductors and insulators.

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    Less 01 & Cont 01 Introduction to semiconductors.pdf

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    1) The document discusses PN junction diodes and semiconductor theory. It introduces electronics and describes how materials can be classified as conductors, semiconductors, or insulators depending on their electron configuration and conductivity. 2) Conductors contain many free electrons and conduct electricity well, while insulators contain almost no free electrons and conduct poorly. Semiconductors have conductivity between conductors and insulators. 3) Examples of good semiconductors are germanium and silicon, which have four valence electrons in their outer orbit allowing partial filling and conductivity between conductors and insulators.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views2 pages

    Less 01 & Cont 01 Introduction To Semiconductors PDF

    Uploaded by

    Anusooya V
    1) The document discusses PN junction diodes and semiconductor theory. It introduces electronics and describes how materials can be classified as conductors, semiconductors, or insulators depending on their electron configuration and conductivity. 2) Conductors contain many free electrons and conduct electricity well, while insulators contain almost no free electrons and conduct poorly. Semiconductors have conductivity between conductors and insulators. 3) Examples of good semiconductors are germanium and silicon, which have four valence electrons in their outer orbit allowing partial filling and conductivity between conductors and insulators.

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    EC8353 Electron Devices and Circuits

    Unit- I PN Junction Devices

    Topic 1: PN Junction Diode


    Semiconductor Theory
    Introduction to Electronics
    Electronics is the branch of science that deals with the motion of electrons in a wide variety of
    materials under different conditions. It has a wide range of applications such as rectifications,
    amplification, power generation, industrial control, photo- electricity, and communications etc.

    Semiconductor - Introduction
    A basic electronic device is the PN junction diode. The diode is the two-terminal device, but the
    I-V relationship is nonlinear, since the diode is a nonlinear element, the analysis of circuits containing
    diode is not as straight forward as the analysis of simple linear resistor circuits.

    Semiconductor Theory
    Depending on their conductivity, materials can be classified into three types as conductors,
    semiconductors and insulators. Conductors contain many free electrons while Insulators contain almost
    none. Conductor is a good conductor of electricity. Insulator is a poor conductor of electricity.
    Semiconductor has its conductivity lying between these two extremes. Material can be classified into these
    three types depending on number of valance electrons in the atom. Electrons in the outermost orbit of an
    atom are valance electrons. In a good conductor, the number of valance electrons will be 1 or 2 (e.g.
    copper). In an insulator, the outermost orbit will be completely filled. (e.g. xenon).In a semiconductor, the
    outermost orbit will be partially filled. For example the number of valance electron is 4 for germanium
    (Ge) and silicon (Si).

    Conductor
    Conductors are characterized by the presence of a large number of free electrons in them. Since these
    electrons act as a charge carriers therefore, we can define conductors as those substances through which
    electric charge can flow easily. In other words, conductors allow electric current to flow through them.
    Earth, human body, aqueous solution of salts, acids and bases are good conductors of electricity. In
    addition to these, other good conductors of electricity are silver (best conductor among metals), copper,
    iron, brass, aluminium, etc.
    Insulator
    Those substances through which electric charge cannot flow easily are called insulators. These are
    also known as dielectrics. Some insulators are Quartz, dry air, wood, glass, dry gases, porcelain, Bakelite,
    amber, ebonite, Sulphur, mica, wax, oils, etc. In the case of insulators, the number of free electrons is
    extremely limited. Moreover if any portion of an insulator happens to have some accumulated charge, this
    charge will continue to be localized in that portion. This is because insulators do not allow movement of
    charges.
    Under suitable conditions such as high temperature or in the presence of high voltage, an insulator
    may suffer a dielectric breakdown and become a conductor.

    Semiconductor
    The conductivity of semiconductors lies between that of insulators and conductors. All the tetravalent
    elements of the IVth group of periodic table are semiconductors. However, germanium and silicon are the
    two prominent examples of semiconductors.

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