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    Slide UT Part 4

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    Trung Tinh Ho
    This document discusses ultrasonic testing sensitivity and defect sizing methods. It describes how sensitivity depends on factors like probes, materials, and signal-to-noise ratio. Methods to set sensitivity include using smallest detectable defects, back wall echoes, and artificial notches. Defect sizing is done using the 6dB drop, maximum amplitude, equalization, and 20dB drop techniques. The 6dB drop method involves moving the probe until the defect echo drops to half its original height. The maximum amplitude method sizes multifaceted defects by finding the position with the peak signal.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Slide UT Part 4

    Uploaded by

    Trung Tinh Ho
    68 views15 pages
    This document discusses ultrasonic testing sensitivity and defect sizing methods. It describes how sensitivity depends on factors like probes, materials, and signal-to-noise ratio. Methods to set sensitivity include using smallest detectable defects, back wall echoes, and artificial notches. Defect sizing is done using the 6dB drop, maximum amplitude, equalization, and 20dB drop techniques. The 6dB drop method involves moving the probe until the defect echo drops to half its original height. The maximum amplitude method sizes multifaceted defects by finding the position with the peak signal.

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    Slide UT part 4

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    This document discusses ultrasonic testing sensitivity and defect sizing methods. It describes how sensitivity depends on factors like probes, materials, and signal-to-noise ratio. Methods to set sensitivity include using smallest detectable defects, back wall echoes, and artificial notches. Defect sizing is done using the 6dB drop, maximum amplitude, equalization, and 20dB drop techniques. The 6dB drop method involves moving the probe until the defect echo drops to half its original height. The maximum amplitude method sizes multifaceted defects by finding the position with the peak signal.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views15 pages

    Slide UT Part 4

    Uploaded by

    Trung Tinh Ho
    This document discusses ultrasonic testing sensitivity and defect sizing methods. It describes how sensitivity depends on factors like probes, materials, and signal-to-noise ratio. Methods to set sensitivity include using smallest detectable defects, back wall echoes, and artificial notches. Defect sizing is done using the 6dB drop, maximum amplitude, equalization, and 20dB drop techniques. The 6dB drop method involves moving the probe until the defect echo drops to half its original height. The maximum amplitude method sizes multifaceted defects by finding the position with the peak signal.

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    Ultrasonic Testing

    Level II

    Part 4
    Ultrasonic Testing

    • Sensitivity
    • Defect sizing
    • Scanning procedures
    Sensitivity

    • The ability of an ultrasonic system to find the smallest specified


    defect at the maximum testing range

    Depends upon
    • Probe and flaw detector combination
    • Material properties
    • Probe frequency
    • Signal to noise ratio
    Methods of Setting Sensitivity

    • Smallest defect at maximum test range


    • Back wall echo
    • Disc equivalent
    • Grass levels
    • Notches
    • Side Drilled Holes, DAC Curves
    Artificial / actual defect

    Example: The defect echo is set to


    FSH (Full Screen Height)
    Sizing Methods
    6 dB Drop
    • For sizing large planar reflectors only
    • Signal / echo reduced to half the height
    • Example:
    100% to 50%
    80% to 40%
    70% to 35%
    20% to 10%

    Centre of probe marked representing the edge of defect.


    6 dB Drop
    Defect BWE

    The back wall echo reduced as some part of the


    beam now striking the defect

    The echo of the defect has NOT yet maximise as


    the whole beam Not yet striking the defect
    Plan View
    6 dB Drop
    Defect

    Now the whole beam is on the defect

    Back wall echo is now may be reduced or


    disappeared

    Plan View
    6 dB Drop
    Defect BWE

    The probe is moved back until the echo is


    reduced by half of it’s original height

    At this point the probe centre beam is directly


    on the edge of the defect

    Plan View The probe is then removed and the centre is


    marked, and repeat to size the whole defect
    Sizing Method

    • Maximum Amplitude Technique


    For sizing multifaceted defect – eg. crack
    Not very accurate
    Small probe movement
    Maximum Amplitude

    Multifaceted defect : crack


    The whole probe beam is on the on the
    defect

    At this point, multipoint of the defect reflect


    the sound to the probe

    The echo (signal) show as a few peaks


    Maximum Amplitude

    Multifaceted defect : crack


    If the probe is moved into the defect,
    The probe is moved out of the the signals height increase
    defect, the signal disappeared One of the peak maximised

    If the edge of the beam strike the At this point the MAIN BEAM is
    edge of the defect, a very small directly at the edge of the defect
    echo appears
    Maximum Amplitude
    Remember: The peak which maximised does not
    have to be the tallest or the first one

    Length

    The probe is to be moved to the other end Mark the point under the
    of the defect centre of the probe
    which indicates the edge
    The signals will flactuate as the beam hits the
    of the defect
    different faces of the defects
    The probe is moved back into the defect and The length of the defect is
    to observe a peak of the signal maximises measured
    Equalization Technique
    The equalization technique can ONLY be used if the
    defect is halfway the thickness

    Defect BWE

    At this point the whole beam is on the The BWE is at it maximum


    back wall

    At this point the whole beam is on The Defect echo is at it


    the defect maximum
    At the edge of the defect, half of The defect echo is at equal
    the beam is on the defect, and height as the back wall
    another half is on the back wall
    The point is marked as the edge of defect
    20 dB Drop

    Defect BWE
    20 dB Beam profile

    10%

    When the main beam is on the defect the defect signal is at it maximum

    If the probe is moved and the signal is observed until it is reduced to 10%
    (20dB Drop), the edge of the beam is on the edge of the defect
    Repeat the above at the other side of the defect

    Using the pre-constructed Beam profile and a plotting card, the defect
    maybe sized

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