Composite structures with precast and in-

situ concrete

Course Design principles for Precast Concrete Structures

Prof.dr.ir. Joost Walraven

01 February 2013

Composite action between precast

and in-situ structures

Composite action in various types of elements

01 February 2013 2

Cross-sectional properties of a composite

member

1. Axial stiffness:
( EA) 0 = ( EA)1 + ( EA) 2

2. Position of centroidal axis:

z1 E1 A1 + z 2 E2 A2
z0 =
(EA)0

3. Bending stiffness of composite member:

2 2
( EI ) 0 = ∑ Ei I i + ∑ ( zi − z0 ) 2 Ei Ai
i =1 i =1
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1
Cross-sectional properties of a composite
member
Calculation of shear stress in
the interface between two
components

y max
V
v=
b( EI ) 0
∑ (z
y
i − z0 ) Ei Ai

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Example

VEd
vEd = ( z0 − z 2 ) E 2 A2
b( EI )0
This value should be smaller than a
Calculation of design shear stress vEd limit value vRd , e.g. defined in the
sequel.

01 February 2013 5

Shear friction principle

First theories derived for rough cracks in concrete

Birkeland (ACI -Journal,1966):

Vu = ρsfy⋅ tanα

where: ρs = reinforcement ratio

fy = yield stress of steel
α = surface inclination

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Shear friction principle
Modified shear friction theory

Mattock/Hawkins, PCI
Journal 1974

Vu= c + ρsfy⋅ tanα

where
c = cohesion term representing micro friction

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Artifically roughened surfaces

Surface roughness (3-D laser measurement):

Natural roughness after casting

Roughness after water jetting

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Several types of surfaces

Troweled Screeded

Extruded concrete
Naturally rough

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3
Shear at the interface between concrete’s
cast at different times (Eurocode 2, Clause
6.5.2)
vRdi = c⋅fctd + µ⋅σn + ρ⋅fyd (µ⋅sin β + cos β) ≤ 0,5 ν⋅fcd
(=tan α)
fctd =concrete design tensile strength
σn = eventual confining stress, not
from reinforcement c µ
ρ= reinforcement ratio Very smooth 0,025 0,5
β = inclination between reinforcement
and concrete surface smooth 0,20 0,6
fcd = concrete design compressive rough 0,40 0,7
strength
υ = 0,6 for fck ≤ 60 MPa indented 0,50 0,9
= 0,9 – fck/200≥0,5 for fck ≥ 60 MPa

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Definition of roughness classes

Very smooth: surface cast against steel,

plastic or specially prepared wooden c µ
moulds
Smooth: slipformed or extreded surface, Very smooth 0,025 0,5
or a free surface left without further
treatment after vibration smooth 0,20 0,6
Rough: a surface with at least 3mm
roughness at about 40mm spacing,
rough 0,40 0,7
achieved by raking, exposing of indented 0,50 0,9
aggregate or other methods giving an
equivalent behaviour
Indented: surface with indentations
according to figure below table:

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Application of interface shear reinforcement

A staggered distribution of the interface shear reinforcement as shown in the figure is

allowed (EC2)

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 Example of composite floor

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Application in a precast concrete system

The composite system consists

of a beam, transverse hollow
core slabs supported by the
beam, and in situ concrete on
top of the beam. The in-situ
concrete is coupled to the beam
by protruding stirrups. The slabs
are connected by transverse
reinforcement in open sleeves in
the hollow core slabs, filled with
in-situ concrete. If the system
works as a monolithic system,
the slabs contribute to the
bearing system (effective width
beff). It should be demonstrated
that the shear stress at all
interfaces (1)-(3) satisfies the
condition vEd < vRd

01 February 2013 14

Application in a precast concrete system

Control of section 1:

Inner lever arm of composite section:

z1 Ec1 A1 + z 2 Ec 2 A2
z0 =
Ec1 A1 + Ec 2 A2

Stiffness composite section:

ET0 = Ec1 I1 + Ec 2 I 2 + ( z 0 − z1 ) 2 + ( z 0 − z 2 ) 2
VEd S VEd ( z0 − z1 ) A1 Ec1
Maximum interface shear stress: v Ed = =
bw I bw ( EI ) 0

Limit value of interface shear stress: v Rd = cf ctd + ρ w f yd µ

where c = 0,40 and µ = 0,7 for rough

interfaces. So the reinforcement ratio ρw
of the interface reinforcement can be
calculated.
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5
 Application in a precast concrete system
Control of sections 2 and 3:

Interface shear stress at

interface 3:

VEd
vEd = ( z 4 − z 0 ) A4 E4
h f ( EI ) 0

With this value the total force over

a length s can be calculated, where s is the
distance between the filled cores.
This force should be resisted by one filled
core with area Acore

The design shear resistance per core is: VRd ,core = Acore vRd
where vRd = cf ctd + ρ w f yd µ
with c = 0.40 µ = 0.70 and ρw = As/Acore

01 February 2013 16

Car park with composite floor under

construction

Amsterdam 2010

01 February 2013 17

Calculation of stresses in composite

members

Effect of temperature gradient

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Calculation of interface shear stresses
Effect of temperature gradient

STEP 1: Dissolve the structure into a number of independent layers

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Calculation of interface shear stresses

Effect of temperature gradient

STEP 2: calculate the unconfined deformation of any layer

01 February 2013 20

Calculation of interface shear stresses

Effect of temperature gradient

STEP 3: Apply forces and moments which force the components back to
their original dimensions

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Calculation of interface shear stresses
Effect of temperature gradient

STEP 4: Connect the layers to a composite member

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Calculation of interface shear stresses

Effect of temperature gradient

STEP 5: Calculate the actions M0 and N0, referring to the centroid of the
composite section, which are equivalent to the actions N1, N2 and M1
and apply these to the composite section with reversed sign. The
stresses due to N0 and M0 follow from previous equations

01 February 2013 23

Calculation of interface shear stresses

Effect of differential shrinkage

Step 1: Let the new concrete (1) shrink freely

Step 2: Restore compatibility by force N1
Step 3: Connect the layers to a composite member
Step 4: Replace N1 by N0 and M0, acting at the centroid of the
composite section
Step 5: Calculate the normal stresses in the composite member

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Calculation of interface shear stresses

Results for a specific example

01 February 2013 25

Calculation of interface shear stresses

Effect of differential shrinkage

With regard to step 3 “Connect the

layers to a composite member”

Assume that the interface shear

stresses due to differential shrinkage
are transmitted along a length 3t
(t = overlay thickness) and assume
linear shear stress distribution

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