Science: Investigations of the physical world, including us

and the stuff we make

Lecturer: Mikee Pimentel Making stuff, including stuff used by society,
and in the production and dissemination of science
Society: The sum total of our interactions as humans,
including the interactions that we engage in to figure things
out and to make things

recent Science is a formal activity that creates knowledge by direct interaction with
nature.
discipline, originating in the 60s and 70s
Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). STS was the result of a Science has some kind of special method that allows different scientists to
produce the same kind of knowledge whatever their social and political
context might be.
Scientists perform the same experiments in the same way, and agree upon
essentially intertwined and that they are each profoundly social and and reject the same hypotheses.
profoundly political. Scientists come to consensus on the truths of the natural world.
The classical view began to fall apart in the process of 20th century
investigations of scientific activity.

Sumeria is located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia and is

known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and their
desire for great things.
not contented with the basic things that life can offer. This desire pushed
Cuneiform is a writing system that uses
them to develop many things connected to science and technology. City of Uruk - it was built using only mud or
pictures and triangular symbols which clay from the river, which they mixed with
are carved on clay using wedge reeds, producing sunbaked bricks
instruments and then left to dry.
 Irrigation and Dikes due to the demand for food, Sumerians were challenged to
The Great Ziggurat of Ur is also called mass produce food items but the elements in the environment seemed uncooperative.
the mountain of God, was built the same It was difficult to get water from the rivers, so they could not maintain farmlands.
manner that they constructed the City of Sailboat were used to carry large quantities of products and were able to cover large
Uruk. It served as the sacred palace of distances.
their chief god, where only their priests Wheels were not made for transportation but for farm work processes.
are allowed to enter. Plow was invented to dig earth in a faster pace.
Roads were developed by Sumerians in order to facilitate faster and easier travel.

Babylonian civilization emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. They were Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated
great builders, engineers, and architects. One of the major contributions is the along the lower reaches of the Nile River, in the place that now occupied by the
hanging gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of ancient world. counties Egypt and Sudan.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon was said to be a

structure made up of layers upon layers of gardens that
contained several species of plants, trees, and vines.
According to legends, the great Babylonian King
Nebuchadnezzar II built the gardens for his wife,
Queen Amytis.
Ink was invented by Egyptians by combining
soot with different chemicals to produce inks of Hieroglyphics was developed by Egyptians as
different colors. writing system using symbols.
Paper or Papyrus was a plant that grew Cosmetics was used by Egyptians for both health
abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt. They and aesthetic reasons. Egyptians wore Kohl
were able to process the plant in order to produce around the eyes to prevent eye diseases.
thin sheets on which one could write down
things.

Greece is an archipelago in the Southeastern part of Europe. Knowns as

the birthplace of western philosophy, some of the major achievements of
Wigs were worn for health and wellness rather
the Greeks include in-depth works on philosophy and mathematics.
than for aesthetic purposes.
Water Clock/ Clepsydra this device utilizes
gravity that affects the flow of water from one
vessel to the other.
 Alarm Clock the ancient alarm alarm Roman Empire was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity
clocks used large complicated mechanisms to in the west.it was considered the cradle of politics and governance during
time the alarm. They made use of water (or that period.
sometimes small stones or sand) that dropped
into drums which sounded the alarm.
Water Mills were commonly used in agricultural
processes like milling of grains which was a
necessary form of food processing during that
time.

Newspaper was made before the invention of paper, these gazettes were engraved in metal Chinese civilization is considered to be the oldest civilization in
or stone tablets and then publicly displayed.
Asia, if not the world. It was famous among other ancient
Bound Books or Codex with the papyrus pages bound together and covered by animal
civilizations because of its silk trade.
skin, the ancient Roman Empire was able to produce the first books or codex.
Roman Architecture is one of the most visual contributions of the ancient Roman Empire
to the world.
Roman Numerals a number system specifically to address the need for a standard
counting method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns.
 Silk
The start of middle ages was marred by massive invasions and
Tea Production tea is a beverage produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed or migrations. As such, great technology was needed in the fields
shredded dried tea leaves.
of weaponry, navigation, mass food and farm productions and
Great Wall of China was once considered the only man-made structure that could be seen
from outer space. It was constructed to keep out foreign invaders and control the borders of
health. Trade and commerce among nations increased, which
China. resulted in greater demands for transportation technology. Some
Gunpowder was developed by Chinese alchemists who aimed to achieve immortality. of the most innovative mind came from this period.
They mixed charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate, but instead of creating an elixir of life,
they accidentally invented a black powder that could actually generate large amounts of heat
and gas in an instant.

by Johann Gutenberg which is Microscope was Telescope an optical instrument that helps in
more reliable way of printing
developed by the observation of remote objects, was a great
using a cast type. He utilizes
wooden machines that Zacharias Janssen help for navigators during this time
extracted juices from fruits, guided by the (Helden,1989)
attached to them a metal principles used for Weaponry was not only used as offensive
impression of the letters, and the invention of tools but also as defensive instrument. For
pressed firmly the cast metal
eyeglasses open-area battles, people developed a cross
into a piece of paper, which
then made an exact impression (Davidson,2015). bows and long bows. In close-range hand-
on paper (Streissguth,1997). hand combat, iron body armors were created.
The booming world population during the nineteenth century Pasteurization is a process of hearing dairy products to kill the harmful
onwards demanded that more goods be produced at faster rate. bacteria that allow them to spoil faster. It was founded by Louis Pasteur, a
French biologist, microbiologist and chemist, who also contributed the
People needed efficient means of transportation to trade better idea of fermentation and vaccination.
at a larger distance. Faster and easier means of communicating
Petroleum refinery was introduced by Samuel M. Kier where kerosene
to establish connections among nations. However, due to was produced by refining the petroleum. Kerosene was later on referred to
massive industrialization, the modern times again faced more as because it was first to provide lighting to homes
complicated problems. (Skrabec,2010).

Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell was one of the most important Salamander Amphibious Tricycle was created due to frequent flooding
inventions at that time. occurrence in many areas in the country. To remedy the issue, Victor
Calculator paved away for easier arithmetic calculations, but also resulted Llave together with Lamberto Armada and Dominic Chung built an
in the development of more complex processing machines like computer. amphibious tricycle that can cross not inly flooded streets but also rivers
and lakes.
 E-Jeepney is modern typed of transportation that utilizes
electricity instead of more expensive diesel.
Mosquito Ovidal / Larvicidal Trap
System is made of natural ingredients
that are lethal to mosquitos but safe for
humans and the environment

Book
Serafica, J., et al. (2018), Science Technology and Society, 1st edition
Web
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