Introduction to Science, Technology and Society purification of water, manufacturing services and the

like.
Science –derived from a latin word “Scientia” which
means knowledge. 5. Technology facilitates growth and innovation as it
creates a higher and improved standard of living.
- The knowledge gained through observations and
experimentations. What is Society – A group of individuals involved in
persistent social interaction or a large social group
The Nature of Science sharing the same geographical or scoial territory.
Science provides ways to explain natural phenomena Meaning of society – Science, Technology, and
while relying on observations, evidences and rational Society- is the study of how science and technology
explanation. Specifically, it is described as follows: influences society.
 Science is subject to change as new evidences are Breakthrough in Human Control of the Environment
found;
 Science is derived on the observation of the natural 1. 12,000 years to learn to cultivate the land and
world; benefit from its fruits.
 Science is creative; 2. 4,000 years ago, the wheel was created
 Science is based on theoretical findings. 3. 50,000 years ago, humans used stone for hunting
anf for protection.
The Purpose of Science 4. 125,000 years ago, humans have learned to
1. Science explains everything that surround the natural control fire after much trial and error.
world and its components. 5. 3,000 BC that the ability to write and record
individual and communal experience through
2. Science builds knowledge for the purpose of pictures was developed.
application and greater understanding; 6. 300 and 200 BC, the Chinsese had developed the
compass.
3. Science seeks ways to solve existing problems
7. Gunpowder, a chemical explosive invented in
confronting human life;
China in the 9th century.
4. science helps in the development of technology;
5. Science delved on current facts to construct new
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
explanations to existing realities.
Sumeria is located on the southernmost tip of ancient
What is Technology
Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in
The word technology came from two Greek words the area later became Babylonia
“techne”, which means skill, craftmanship, art and
– Development of the first writting system known as
“logos” which means discourse, reason.
cunieform
-Are things that are created by human that can make our
– The summerians is the city uruk, considered as to be
lives easier or solve problems.
the first city.
The Purpose of technology
THE GREAT ZIGGURAT OF UR – the structure was
1. Technolgy has the purpose of improving the constructed using sunbaked bricks. The Ziggurat served
environment so that resources may be sustained for as the sacred place of their chief god, where only priest
future generations. was allowed to enter.

2. Technology simplifies human activities for daily IRRIGATION AND DIKES – Sumerians created dikes
survival. It provides help in our day to day by and irrigation canals to bring water to farmlands and at
simplyfying most of our tasks which allows saving of the same time control the flooding of the rivers.
time, effort and resources.
SAIL BOATS – Some resources attribute to the
3. Technology empower communities through the Sumerians the invention of sailboats to address their
promotion of civic awareness and engagement. increasing demands.

4. It provides greater sustainability to communities and WHEEL – the Sumerians were able to invent the wheel
societies through efficiency in resources such as in the since the specialized tools needed to create it were
already available. The first wheel is invented for farm
use.
THE PLOW – Mesopotamians is the plow. The plow CHINESE CIVILIZATION – Chinese civilization is
was invented to dig the earth in a faster pace. considered the oldest civilization in Asia
ROADS – the Sumerians developed the first roads. The following are contributions of Chinese
civilization to the world
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION – The Babylonians
were great builders, engineers, and architects. 1 Silk industry
– One of their major contributions is the hanging garden 2 Tea production
of Babylon,
3 Worlds Famous Great wall of China
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION – Many stories tell
about the engineering feats of the Egyptian especially 4 Gun powder
regarding infrastructures established by the Pharaohs.
PAPER OR PAPYRUS – Egyptians also developed a Medieval / Middle Age
system of writing, they were able to make writing easier
for the world. • Printing Press – Johann Gutenberg was able to
invent the printing press, a more reliable way of
INK – Egyptians invented ink by combining soot with printing using a cast type.
different chemicals to produce inks of different colors.
• Microscope – With this device people where be
HEIROGLYPHICS – Egyptians also developed a able to observe organism that were normally
system of writing using symbols, known as cannot seen by our naked eye.
hieroglyphics.
• Telescope – Considering the vast and the empty
COSMETICS AND WIG – Egyptians wore kohl oceans that separated lands, ship captains needed
around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases. to see far and wide for them to navigate or to
Kohl was created by mixing soon or malachite with avoid dangers at sea.
mineral galena.
• War Weapon – soldiers should wear something
WATER CLOCK/CLEPSYDRA – This device utilizes to protect themselves, a need addressed by the
gravity that affects the flow of water from on vessel to creation of iron body armors.
another.
GREEK CIVILIZATION – Europe is known for its
role in western philosophy, with Greeks contributing MODERN AGES
significant works in philosophy and mathematics. Greek P – PASTEURIZATION
civilization has contributed much to the world especially P – PETROLEUM REFINERY
in the fields of science and technology. T – TELEPHONE
ALARM CLOCK – This invention according to the C – CALCULATOR
scientist resembles that of the Egyptians but this is more Pasteurization – a process in which packaged and non-
complex but more accurate. packaged foods are treated with mild heat, usually to less
WATER MILL – They were commonly used in than 100 °C, to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life
agricultural processes like milling of grains which is Petroleum refinery – Samuel M. kier was able to invent
necessary form of food processing during that time. kerosene by refining petroleum. After some time it was
ROMAN CIVILIZATION – The Roman Empire was applied for heating purposes.
perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in CALCULATOR – circumstances in the modern time
the west. required a faster way to compute more complicated
The following are the inventions and innovations of equations. It must also be easy to carry since they would
the Roman Empire. be utilized on a day to day basis.

• Newspaper
• Bound Books or Codex Philippines Inventions – Salamander Amphibious
tricycle, Medical Incubator, Mosquito
• Roman Architecture Ovicidal/Larvicidal trap system, Ejeepney
• Roman numerals