CES 25 Compulsory

Ethiopian Standard

First Edition
2013

Concrete Sewer Pipes

ICS:91.100.30
Published by Ethiopian Standards Agency
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Foreword

This Ethiopian Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Technical Committee for Concrete
and concrete products (TC 36) and published by the Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA).

This Compulsory Ethiopian Standard cancels and replaces ES 83:2001.

Application of this standard is MANDATORY with respect to clauses 3,4.1,4.2 and 7.
A Compulsory Ethiopian Standard shall have the same meaning, interpretation and application of a "Technical
Regulation" as implied in the WTO-TBT Agreement. .
Implementation of this standard shall be effective as of 01 October 2013.

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1. SCOPE
This standard specifies requirements for concrete pipes to be used for underground conveyance of
sewage, industrial wastes and storm water with gravity flow and atmospheric pressure.

2. CLASSIFICATION
Concrete pipes shall be classified as follows:
- Unreinforced normal strength concrete sewer pipes (NCP)
- Reinforced extra-strength concrete sewer pipes (RCP)

3. DIMENSIONS
The nominal diameter, thickness and length of reinforced and unreinforced concrete pipes shall be as
specified in Tables 1 and 2.

TABLE 1. DIMENSIONS AND BEARING STYRENGTHS OF UNREINFORCED

CONCRETE PIPES
Nominal internal Minimum wall Nominal length, Minimum bearing load
diameter, mm thickness, mm mm
N/m K gf/m
100 15 14800 1480
150 20 16000 1600
200 25 17500 1750
250 25 18500 1850
300 30 1000 19000 1900
400 40 20000 2000
500 45 22000 2200
600 55 20000 2500

TABLE 2. DIMENSIONS AND BEARING STRENGTHS OF REINFORCED

CONCRETE PIPES
Nominal internal Minimum wall Nominal length, Minimum bearing load
diameter, mm thickness, mm mm
N/m K gf/m
300 37 38000 3800
400 43 38000 3800
500 50 40000 4000
600 56 1000 43000 4300
800 68 49000 4900
1000 80 60000 6000
1200 92 72000 7200

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4. TOLERANCES
4.1 Diameter
The permissible tolerance on the nominal internal diameters of all classes of pipes shall be as specified
in Table 3.

TABLE 3. TOLERANCES ON DIAMETERS

Nominal int3ernal diameter,
Tolerance, mm
mm
200 +5
250-300 +6
400-500 +7
600-800 +8
800-1200 + 10

4.2 Wall Thickness

The minimum wall thickness and tolerances shall be as specified in Table 4.

TABLE 4. TOLERANCES ON WALL THICKNESS

Wall thickness, mm Tolerance, mm
25 -2
25 50 -3
50 and above - ( 3+2%of wall thickness)

4.3 Length
The tolerance for the length of pipes shall not exceed +1% of the nominal length.

5. MATERIALS
The materials used in the manufacture of pipes shall comply with the following requirements:
- The c ement shall be Portl and cement c omplying with the requirement of ES C.D5.201 or ES
C.D5.202.
- The a ggregates shall b e a mi xture of P ortland c ement a nd aggregates together with c lean
water which shall be free from deleterious substances.
- The reinforcements s hall be fr ee fro m loose r ust, o il, grease and any other coating liable to
impair bonding with concrete.

6. MANUFACUTRE
6.1 The aggregates shall be properly graded, proportioned and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with
such proportions of cement and water as to produce a homo geneous concrete mixture. The
proportion of Portland cement in the mixture shall not be less than 350 k g/m3 of concrete for

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unreinforced an d 400 k g/m3 for reinforced concrete pipes. In the process of manufacturing,
concrete pipes shall be fu lly compacted by ta mping, pressure, vibration, centrifugal action or other
effective method.
6.2 Rei nforcements may be butt-welded o r lapped, i n which c ase the minimum lap shall not be less
than 50 times the diameter of the bar. All reinforcement shall be correctly placed to insure
adequate concrete cover during the manufacture of pipes.
6.3 The pipes shall be cured for at least 7 days so that the concrete will develop the specified strength
requirement at 28 days o r les s. Co ncrete pipes may be cured b y co vering w ith w ater saturated
material, by a system of mechanical sprinklers, porous hose or any other suitable method that will
keep the pipes moist.

7. QUALITY
7.1 General Requirements
Concrete pipes shall be such that the form and dimensions of the finished work are accurate, the
surface and edges are clean and homogeneous.
7.2 Load Bearing Strength
Unreinforced and reinforced c oncrete pipes shall sustain, without collapse, the minimu m bearing
load specified in Tables 1 and 2.
7.3 Hydrostatic Pressure
All classes of concrete pipes shall withstand an internal hydrostatic pressure of 1.0 kgf/cm2 without
sweating or fissure.
7.4 Permeability
Concrete pipes when tested for permeability according to clause 9.5 shall show no moist or damp
spots at the end of the test period. Seventy per cent of the pipes sampled shall pass this test.
7.5 Water Absorption
The water absorption, expressed as a percentage of the dry mass, shall not exceed 15 percent for
all cla sses o f co ncrete pipes. All p ipes of t he sa me class a nd no minal in ternal d iameter sha ll b e
deemed to comply with this requirement if not less than 80 percent of the test pieces pass the test.

8. SAMPLING
Three samples shall be taken at random from a batch of 100 pipes.

9. TESTING

9.1 Visual Inspection

All samples shall be visually inspected with respect to the requirement specified in clause 7.1.

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9.2 Checking Dimensions

Lengths shall be measured by using steel tapes or any other inextensible measures. Cumulative
measurements such as re peated a pplication of a short rul e shall not be permitted. Internal diameters
and thickness of walls may be measured by using calipers. Average measurements to the nearest mm
shall be recorded.

9.3 Load Bearing Test

9.3.1 Apparatus
The l oad bearing tes t s hall be carried out by applying the three-edge bearing method and us ing the
following apparatus:
- A testing machine capable of applying a load at a uniform rate of about 80 kgf/minute.
- A crack measuring gauge.
- Softwood bearing blocks capable of transmitting uniform load s without deflections and having
length of not less than the length of the sample to be tested.
NOTE: The contact surface of the bearing blocks with the sample shall be lined with 15mm thick
rubber. The blocks shall be rigid enough to transmit uniform loads without deflections.

9.3.2 Procedure
The test sample and the bearing blocks shall be accurately centered so as to secure symmetrical
distribution of the test load.

The te st loa d shall be applied vertically along th e centre line of the sample throu gh th e upper
bearing block as shown in the Figure below and shall be increased at a continuous rate of about
15 to 50 kgf per second until the minimum be aring load specified either in Table 1 o r 2 is
reached. The test loa d shall be mai ntained on the sample f or no longer t han is necessary t o
observe and record the load and to examine the pipe for cracks.

Figure showing three-edge Bearing Method of Load Testing

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9.4 Hydrostatic Pressure Test

9.4.1 Apparatus
The hydrostatic pressure test shall be carried out by using the following apparatus:
- A compressor or other device capable of applying and sustaining a hydrostatic pressure to the
inside surface of the pipe.
- Sealing-ends c apable of closing the en ds of the pipe tightly an d having a c onnection through
which the hydrostatic pressure can be applied and a release valve for the escape of air.
- Pressure gauge having an accuracy of + 2 percent connected to the delivery pipe.

9.4.2 Procedure
The s ample, supported in a horiz ontal pos ition in a s urface dry c ondition, s hall be closed by sealing-
ends. It sh all then be filled w ith water and the air expelled. The water pressure shall be brought up to
2
0.7 kgf/cm in one minute and held at this pressure f or 10 minutes. The surface of the sample under
test shall be examined and any sweating or fissure shall be recorded.

9.5 Permeability Test (alternative to hydrostatic pressure test)

9.5.1 Apparatus
A soft rubber mat or its equivalent shall be used.

9.5.2 Procedure
A section of the pipe shall be placed, with the spigot end down, on a soft rubber mat, and shall be filled
with w ater to a lev el of th e base of the socket. Appr oximately 15 min utes a fter filling , the initial
inspection shall be made. If moist or damp spots appear on the outer surface of the pipe, the tests shall
be c ontinued f or a period not e xceeding 2 4 h ours. The pipe s hall b e ex amined during th e exte nded
period for the existence of moist or damp spots.

9.6 Water Absorption Test

9.6.1 Apparatus
The water absorption test shall be carried out by using the following apparatus:
- Drying oven
- Balance

9.6.2 Preparation of test piece

From each sample a test piece, with sides of about 100mm shall be cut. The test piece shall comprise
the full thickness of the pipe.

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9.6.3 Procedure
The test piece shall be dried in a v entilated oven, at a temperature of 85 to 95 0C. A test piece shall be
considered d ry if two successive weightings at an interval of 2 hours show loss of mass not greater
then 0.2% of the previously determined mass. The dry test piece shall be placed in a suitable container,
covered with distilled or rain water and boiled for 5 hours. Th en it shall be a llowed to cool for not less
than 16 hours, removed from the container, wiped with damp cloth, and weighed immediately. The
water absorption percent shall be calculated as follows:

M 2  M 1 
absorption (%) = 100
M1

Where
M1 is the dry mass of the test piece
M2 is the mass of the saturated test piece after 5 hour immersion in boiling water and cooling
for not less than 16 hours.

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 Organization and Objectives
The Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA) is the national standards body of Ethiopia
established in 2010 based on regulation No. 193/2010.ESA is established due to the
restructuring o f Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia ( QSAE) w hich was
established in 1998.

ESA’s objectives are:-

 Develop Ethiopian standards and establish a system that enable to

Ethiopian Standards Agency
የኢትዮጵያ የደረጃዎች ኤጀንሲ

check whether goods and services are in compliance with the

required standards,
 Facilitate the country’s technology transfer through the use of
standards,
 Develop national standards for l ocal products and se rvices so as to
make them competitive in the international market.
Ethiopian Standards
The Ethiopian Standards are developed by national technical committees which are
composed of different stakeholders consisting of educational Institutions, research
institutes, government organizations, certification, inspection, and testing
organizations, regulatory bodies, consumer association etc. The requirements and/
or recommendations contained in Ethiopian Standards are consensus based that
reflects the interest of the TC representatives and also of comments received from
the public and other sources. Ethiopian Standards are approved by the National
Standardization Council and are kept under continuous review after publication and
updated regularly to take account of latest scientific and technological changes.
Orders for all Ethiopian Standards, International Standard and ASTM standards,
including electronic versions, should be addressed to the Documentation and
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reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of ESA.
International Involvement
ESA, representing Ethiopia, is a member of the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), and Codex Alimentarius Commission (CODEX). It also
maintains close working relations with the international Electro-technical
Commission (IEC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). It is a
founding member of the African Regional Organization for standardization
(ARSO).

More Information?
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 011- 646 06 85, 011- 646 05 65

 011-646 08 80
 2310 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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