1. A 5‐kVA, 240/120‐V, 50‐Hz transformer has a core loss of 32W.

The transformer has an effective

resistance of 0.05 Ω in the high voltage winding and 0.0125 Ω in the low voltage winding.

Calculate;

a) the efficiency of the transformer at the rated load and unity power factor.

b) the efficiency of the transformer at 50% of the rated load and 0.175 lagging power

factor

Solution;

a) The core loss = 32W

5 kVA
I 1= =20.833 A
240 V
The copper losses at high‐voltage winding = (20.833)2(0.05) = 21.7W

5 kVA
I 2= =41.667 A
120 V
The copper losses at high‐voltage winding = ¿ (0.0125) = 21.7W

The total losses = 32 W + 21.7 W +21.7 W = 75.4W

Po = 5kVA x 1 = 5kW

Efficiency = {Output power / (Output power +total losses)} x 100%

= {5kW/ (5000+75.4)} x 100%=98.5%

5 kW
x 100 %=98.5 %
5000+75.4
b) 50% rated load is ;

5 kVA
I 1= x 50 %=10.42 A
240 V
The copper losses at high‐voltage winding = 10.422(0.05) =5.429 W

5 kVA
I 2= x 50 %=20.83 A
120 V
The copper losses at high‐voltage winding = ¿ (0.0125) = 5.424W

The total losses = 32 W + 5.429W + 5.424 W = 42.853 W

Po = 5kVA x 0.175 = 875kW

Efficiency = {Output power / (Output power +total losses)} x 100% =

 875
x 100 %=95.3
875+42.853
2. A 50‐kVA single phase transformer has a secondary voltage of 240 V. The nameplates indicate
that the transformer has an impedance of 2.35%. What is the short circuit current for this
transformer? Solution;

50 kVA
I r= =208.3 A
240 V
I r 208.3 a
I SC = = =8866 A
%Z 0.0235

3. A single‐phase transformer has 400 primary and 1000 secondary turns. If the primary is

connected to a 520V, 50Hz.

Calculate:

a) turns ratio

b) the voltage included in the secondary winding

Solution;

V 2 N 2 1000
a) a = = = =2.5
V 1 N 1 400

b)V 2 = aV 1 = 2.5×520 = 1300 Volt

4. The emf per turn for a single phase 2200/220‐V, 50‐Hz transformer is approximately 12 V.

calculate the number of primary and secondary turns.

Solution;

2200 V
Np= =183TURNS
12V
220 V
Ns= =18 TURNS
12 V
 5. A single-phase auto-transformer has a voltage ratio 320V:250V and supplies a load of 20 kVA at
250V. Assuming an ideal transformer, determine the current in each section of the winding.

Soln:

Rating = 20kVA = V 1 I 1= V 2 I 2

V 1=320 V V 2=250 V

20000
Primary Current I 1= =62.5 A
320
20000
Secondary Current I 2= =80 A
250
Current in common part of winding I 3=I 2−I 1 =80−62.5=17.5 A

6. A 2400V/400V single-phase transformer takes a no-load current of 0.5A and has a core loss of
400W. Determine the values of the magnetizing and core loss components of the no-load
current.

Solution Pcore loss=V 1 I o cos❑o

P core loss 400

cos ❑o= = =0.33 NO LOAD POWER FACTOR
V I I O 2400 X 0.5
Core loss component of no-load current: I o=I o cos❑o=0.5 x 0.33=0.16 A

Magnetizing component of no-load current: I o m=I o sin❑o=¿ 0.47 A

7. A transformer takes a current of 0.8A when its primary is connected to a 240V, 50Hz supply with
the secondary being open circuit. If the power absorbed is 72 W, determine (a) the iron loss
current, (b) the power factor on no-load, and (c) the magnetizing current.

Solution: No load Current I o=0.8 A , Core loss = 72 W

Pcore loss=V 1 I o cos❑o

P core loss 72
cos ❑o= = =0.375
V I I O 240 X 0.8
b.) No-load power factor

a) Iron Loss component of no load current

: I o=I o cos❑o=0.8 x 0.375=0. 3 A

c.) I om=I o sin ❑o=¿ 0.74 A

8. A current transformer has a single turn on the primary winding and a secondary winding of 60
turns. The secondary winding is connected to an ammeter with a resistance of 0.15 Ω. The resistance of
the secondary winding is 0.25 Ω. If the current in the primary winding is 300 A, determine (a) the reading
on the ammeter, (b) the potential difference across the ammeter and (c) the total load (in VA) on the
secondary.

Solution:

I 1 300
(a) n= 60 => I 2= = =5 A (current through ammeter)
n 60
(b) V amm=I 2 R amm=5 x 0.15=0.75 V (potential difference across ammeter)
(c) RT =Ramm + Rs =0.15+0.25=0.4 Ω (total resistance across secondary)
 Load on secondary: Ps = I 22 RT =52 x 0.4=10 V A

9 . A voltage transformer has 4000 primary turns and 20 secondary turns. If the voltmeter reading in the
secondary shows 110 V, how much is the voltage at the primary winding?

Solution: The primary winding voltage is

V2 110
V 1= = =22 kV
n 20 /4000
10. A single-phase transformer has 480 turns on the primary and 90 turns on the secondary. The mean
length of the flux path in the core is 1.8 m and the joints are equivalent to an airgap of 0.1 mm. The
value of the magnetic field strength in the core is 400 A/m for a flux density of 1.1 T, and the
corresponding core loss is 1.7 W/kg at 50 Hz. The density of the core material is 7800 kg/m3 . If the
maximum value of flux density achieved is 1.1 T when a potential difference of 2200 V (rms) at 50 Hz is
applied to the primary, calculate the cross-sectional area of the core.

Solution: N 1=480 , E=2200 V , f =50 Hz , Bm=1.1 T

Using EMF equation of transformer,

2200
E1=4.44 f ❑m N 1 => ❑m= =0.0206 Wb (peak flux in core)
4.44 x 50 x 480
 The cross sectional area of core is:
❑m 0.0206
A= = = 0.0187m 2
Bm 1.1