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    Sleep Apnea

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    Alexander Santiago Parel
    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder where the airway becomes blocked during sleep, disrupting breathing and oxygen levels. It is estimated that 18 million Americans have OSA, which if left untreated can increase risks for cardiovascular disease and accidents from excessive daytime sleepiness. Risk factors include obesity, excess neck tissue, and aging. Diagnosis involves an overnight sleep study, and treatment typically involves continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or other mechanical devices to keep the airway open during sleep.

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    Sleep Apnea

    Uploaded by

    Alexander Santiago Parel
    20 views14 pages
    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder where the airway becomes blocked during sleep, disrupting breathing and oxygen levels. It is estimated that 18 million Americans have OSA, which if left untreated can increase risks for cardiovascular disease and accidents from excessive daytime sleepiness. Risk factors include obesity, excess neck tissue, and aging. Diagnosis involves an overnight sleep study, and treatment typically involves continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or other mechanical devices to keep the airway open during sleep.

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    sleep apnea

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    SLEEP APNEA

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    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder where the airway becomes blocked during sleep, disrupting breathing and oxygen levels. It is estimated that 18 million Americans have OSA, which if left untreated can increase risks for cardiovascular disease and accidents from excessive daytime sleepiness. Risk factors include obesity, excess neck tissue, and aging. Diagnosis involves an overnight sleep study, and treatment typically involves continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or other mechanical devices to keep the airway open during sleep.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views14 pages

    Sleep Apnea

    Uploaded by

    Alexander Santiago Parel
    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder where the airway becomes blocked during sleep, disrupting breathing and oxygen levels. It is estimated that 18 million Americans have OSA, which if left untreated can increase risks for cardiovascular disease and accidents from excessive daytime sleepiness. Risk factors include obesity, excess neck tissue, and aging. Diagnosis involves an overnight sleep study, and treatment typically involves continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or other mechanical devices to keep the airway open during sleep.

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    Obstructive Sleep Apnea

    Definition

     Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a


    disordered breathing during sleep in which
    the airway is mechanically obstructed
    causing a cessation of breathing.
     Left untreated can lead to cardiovascular and
    cerebrovascular disease and injury from
    vehicular accidents because of sleepiness.
    Not everyone who snores has sleep apnea,
    but everyone with sleep apnea snores.
    Incidence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

     It is estimated that 18 million Americans


    suffer from OSA
     Found across all age groups, both sexes, all
    socioeconomic classes and ethnic groups
     Most common in obese middle-aged men
    and obese postmenopausal women
    Causes

     Mechanical obstruction of the airway

    – BMI (body mass index) of 30 or above

    – Excessive tissue in neck area

    – Aging process which causes the neck muscles


    loose tone and collapse when lying supine
    Unobstructed Airway

    www.Sleepapnea.org
    Obstructed Airway

    www.sleepapnea.org
    Pathophysiology

     Periods when all breathing ceases for up to


    30 seconds or longer causing:
    – Severe oxygen desaturation
    – Vasoconstriction and consequent increases in
    systemic pressure,
    – Hypoxemia and retention of CO2 activate the
    chemoreflexes and cause arousal from sleep
    forcing the person to breathe.
    Neurologic Symptoms

     Irritability
     Depression
     Poor judgment
     Day time hypersomnia
    – Vehicular Accidents
    – Occupational accidents
    Physiologic Complications

     Hypertension
     Left Ventricular Failure
     Ischemic Heart Disease
     Severe Sinus Bradycardia
     Cerebrovascular Disease
    Diagnosis

     Overnight Polysomnography
    Treatment

     Mechanical therapy
    – CPAP (most common)
    – Dental appliances that reposition the lower jaw and the
    tongue
    – Surgery Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) better results
    seen in younger patients
    – Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty laser used to remove
    excess tissue from back of the throat
    – Tracheostomy used only in sever life threatening cases

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