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    Creating Database Tables: Jon Flanders

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    Enrik
    CREATE TABLE is used to create database tables and define columns and constraints. ALTER TABLE allows modifying existing tables by adding, removing, or changing columns and constraints. DROP TABLE removes the table and all its data from the database. Understanding SQL data definition language (DDL) commands like CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE provides a good foundation for working with relational databases even if directly writing DDL is used infrequently.

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    Creating Database Tables: Jon Flanders

    Uploaded by

    Enrik
    50 views19 pages
    CREATE TABLE is used to create database tables and define columns and constraints. ALTER TABLE allows modifying existing tables by adding, removing, or changing columns and constraints. DROP TABLE removes the table and all its data from the database. Understanding SQL data definition language (DDL) commands like CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE provides a good foundation for working with relational databases even if directly writing DDL is used infrequently.

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    CREATE TABLE is used to create database tables and define columns and constraints. ALTER TABLE allows modifying existing tables by adding, removing, or changing columns and constraints. DROP TABLE removes the table and all its data from the database. Understanding SQL data definition language (DDL) commands like CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE provides a good foundation for working with relational databases even if directly writing DDL is used infrequently.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views19 pages

    Creating Database Tables: Jon Flanders

    Uploaded by

    Enrik
    CREATE TABLE is used to create database tables and define columns and constraints. ALTER TABLE allows modifying existing tables by adding, removing, or changing columns and constraints. DROP TABLE removes the table and all its data from the database. Understanding SQL data definition language (DDL) commands like CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE provides a good foundation for working with relational databases even if directly writing DDL is used infrequently.

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    Creating Database Tables

    Jon Flanders

    @jonflanders www.jonflanders.com
    DATA SQL subset for creating databases and tables
    DEFINITION
    Most tools have a visual method
    LANGUAGE
    Good to have an idea of what they are doing
    (DDL)
    Oddly not part of the SQL Standard

    CREATE Is supported by most implementations

    DATABASE USE DATABASE to scope future queries


    Can also fully qualify table name to database
    CREATE DATABASE Contact; CREATE DATABASE COMMAND

    USE DATABASE Contact; USE DATABASE COMMAND


    SELECT * FROM person p; ALL QUERIES WILL BE IN THIS
    DATABASE

    SELECT * FROM FULLY QUALIFIED TABLE


    Contact.person p; NAME
    Is part of SQL Standard

    CREATE Followed by table name

    TABLE Then list of column definitions


    At minimum column name and type
    CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE
    email_address TABLE NAME
    (
    email_address_id
    INTEGER,
    email_address_person_id
    COLUMNS
    INTEGER,
    email_address
    VARCHAR(55)
    );
    Standard SQL Data Types

    Data Type Value Space


    CHARACTER Can hold N character values – set to N statically
    Can hold N character values – set to N dynamically –
    CHARACTER VARYING
    storage can be less than N
    BINARY Hexadecimal data
    SMALLINT -2^15 (-32,768) to 2^15-1 (32,767)
    INTEGER -2^31 (-2,147,483,648) to 2^31-1 (2,147,483,647)
    -2^63 (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808) to
    BIGINT
    2^63-1 (9,223,372,036,854,775,807)
    BOOLEAN TRUE or FALSE
    DATE YEAR, MONTH, and DAY in the format YYYY-MM-DD
    HOUR, MINUTE, and SECOND in the format
    TIME
    HH:MM:SS[.sF] where F is the fractional part of the
    TIMESTAMP SECOND
    Both DATE andvalue
    TIME
    NULL is a special value in SQL
    Indicates a lack of a value

    NULL VALUES Columns can be required or not required


    Required is NOT NULL
    Not required is NULL
    NULL or NOT NULL

    NULL NOT NULL


    Default for a column definition Must be specified on column definition

    Inserting NULL value ok Inserting NULL value is an error


    CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE COMMAND
    email_address
    (
    email_address_id
    INTEGER NOT NULL, NOT NULL
    email_address_person_id NULL
    INTEGER,
    email_address
    VARCHAR(55) NOT NULL); NOT NULL
    Must be a unique value per row

    PRIMARY KEY Must be NOT NULL


    Can be a multiple columns (compound key)
    CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE
    email_address TABLE NAME
    (
    email_address_id PRIMARY KEY
    INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    email_address_person_id COLUMNS
    INTEGER,
    email_address
    VARCHAR(55) NOT NULL
    );
    Way to add keys in one grouping
    CONSTRAINT
    Primary or foreign keys
    CREATE TABLE phone_number CREATE TABLE COMMAND
    (
    phone_number_id
    INTEGER NOT NULL,
    phone_number_person_id
    INTEGER NOT NULL,
    phone_number
    VARCHAR(55) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT CONSTRAINT
    PK_phone_number
    PRIMARY KEY
    (phone_number_id)
    );
    Used to change an existing table
    Add/remove column

    ALTER TABLE Change column data type


    Change column constraints
    Must comport with current data
    ALTER TABLE ALTER TABLE
    email_address TABLE NAME
    ADD CONSTRAINT ADD KEYWORD
    FK_email_address_person
    FOREIGN KEY FOREIGN KEY
    (email_address_person_id)
    REFERENCES
    person
    (person_id);
    Removes table and all data from database

    DROP TABLE BE CAREFUL!


    Error if table is a foreign key to another table
    DROP TABLE person; DROP TABLE COMMAND
    Understanding DDL is a good
    foundation for working with SQL, even
    Summary if you use it rarely
    CREATE TABLE is the command to
    configure your columns and relations
    ALTER TABLE lets you change existing
    definitions
    DROP TABLE removes the table and all
    its rows from the database

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