URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1
LABORATORY MANUAL

Equipment:
(4) 1.5V Battery (1) Breadboard
(1) Analog Multi-meter (10) connecting wires

Figure 1
 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1
LABORATORY MANUAL

Procedure:
1. Label your batteries (eg. Battery A, B, C and D).
2. Using the voltmeter of the AMM, measure the voltage of the batteries and record to the tables 1.1, 1.2 and
1.3.
3. Build the circuit of figure 1 using the 1 k-ohm resistor.
4. Using the voltage of battery A, determine the theoretical current based on Ohm’s Law and record this in
Table 1.1. Measure the actual current, determine the deviation and record in Table 1.1. Note that Deviation
= 100*(measured - theory) / theory.
5. Repeat step 4 for remaining source voltages in Table 1.1.
6. Remove the 1 k-ohm and replace with the 6.8 k-ohm. Repeat steps 3-5 using Table 1.2.
7. Remove the 6.8 k-ohm and replace with the 33 k-ohm. Repeat steps 3-5 using Table 1
8. Using the measured currents from Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, create a plot of current versus voltage. Plot all three
curves on the same graph. Voltage is the horizontal axis and current is the vertical axis.

Data tables
Table 1.1 (1 k-ohm)
E(Volts) I (theory) I (measured) Deviation
A=
A+B=
A+B+C=
A+B+C+D=

Table 1.2 (6.8 k-ohm)

E(Volts) I (theory) I (measured) Deviation
A=
A+B=
A+B+C=
A+B+C+D=
 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1
LABORATORY MANUAL

Table 1.2 (6.8 k-ohm)

E(Volts) I (theory) I (measured) Deviation
A=
A+B=
A+B+C=
A+B+C+D=

Questions:
1. Does Ohm’s Law Appear to hold on this exercise? Why or Why Not?
2. Is there a linear relationship between the current and the voltage?, Explain your answer.
3. What is the relationship of slope of plot line and the circuit resistance?
 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1
LABORATORY MANUAL

(3) 1.5V Battery (1) Breadboard

(2) Analog Multi-meter (10) connecting wires

Figure 2.1
 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1
LABORATORY MANUAL

Figure 2.2
Procedure:
1. Label your batteries (eg. Battery A, B, C and D).
2. Using the circuit of Figure 2.1 with R1 = 1 k, R2 = 2.2k, R3 = 3.3k and E = Battery A, determine the
theoretical current and record it in Table 2.1. Construct the circuit. Set the AMM to read DC current and
insert it in the circuit at point A. Remember , ammeters go in-line and require the circuit to be opened for
proper measurement. The red Lead should be placed closer to the positive source terminal. Record this
current in Table 2.1. Repeat the current measurement at point B and C.
3. Using the theoretical current found in step 1, apply Ohm’s Law to determine the expected voltage drops
across R1, R2 and R3. Record the values in the theory column of Table 2.2
4. Set the AMM to measure DC voltage . Remember, unlike current, voltage is measured across components.
Place the AMM probes across R1 and measure its voltage. Again, red lead should be placed closer to the
positive source terminal. Record this value in Table 2.2. Repeat tis process for the voltage across R2 and
R3. Determine the percent deviation between theoretical and measured for each of the three resistor
voltages and record these in final column of table 2.2.
5. Consider the circuit of Figure 2.2 with R1 = 1k, R2 = 2.2k, R3 = 3.3k, R4 = 6.8k and E = A + B + C. Using
the voltage divider rule, determine the voltage drops across each of the four resistors and record the values
in Table 2.3 under the Theory column. Note that the larger the resistor, the greater the voltage should be.
Also determine the potential VAC and VB, again using the voltage divider rule.
6. Construct the circuit of Figure 2.2 with R1 = 1k, R2 = 2.2k, R3 = 3.3k, R4 = 6.8k and E = A + B + C. Set
the AMM to measure DC voltage. Place the AMM probes across R1 and measure ots voltage. Record tis
value in Table 5.3. Also determine the deviation. Repeat this process for the remaining three resistors.
7. To find VAC, Place the red probe on point A and the black probe on point C. Similarly, to find VB, palce the
red probe on point B and the black probe on ground. Record these values in Table 2.3 with deviations.
 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1
LABORATORY MANUAL

Data Tables
Table 2.1
I (Theory) I (Point A) I (Point B) I (Point C)

Table 2.2
Voltage Theory Measured Deviation
R1
R2
R3

Table 2.3
Voltage Theory Measured Deviation
R1
R2
R3
R4
VAC
VB

Questions
1. For the Figure 2.1, What is the expected current measurement at point D?
2. For Figure 2.2, what are the expected current and voltage measurement at pt D?
3. In Figure 2.2, R4 is approximately twice R3 and about three times the size of R2.
Would the voltage exhibit the same ratios? Why or Why not? What about the
currents through the resistors?
4. If a fifth resistor 10 k-ohm was added below R4 in Figure 2.2, how would this
alter VAC and VB.
 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1
LABORATORY MANUAL

(4) 1.5V Battery (1) Breadboard

(1) Analog Multi-meter (10) connecting wires
 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1
LABORATORY MANUAL

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Procedure:
1. Label your batteries (eg. Battery A, B, C and D)
2. Using the circuit of Figure 3.1 with R1 = 1k, R2 = 2.2 k and E = A+B, determine the theoretical voltages at
points A, B and C with respect to ground using the measured total voltage of the batteries . Record these
values in Table 3.1. Construct the circuit. Set the AMM to read DC voltage and apply it to the circuit from
point A to ground. The red lead should be placed at point A and the black lead should be connected to
ground . Record this voltage in Table 3.1. Repeat the measurements at points B and C.
3. Apply Ohm’s Law to determine the expected currents through R1 and R2. Record these values in Theory
column of Table 3.2. Also determine and record the total current.
4. Set the AMM to measure DC current. Remember, current is measured at a single point and requires the
meter to be inserted in line. To measure the total supplied current place the AMM between points A and B.
The red lead should be placed closer to the positive source terminal. Record this value in Table 3.2. Repeat
this process for the currents through R1 and R2. determine the percent deviation between theoretical and
measured for each of the currents and record these in the final column of Table 3.2
5. Crosscheck the theoretical results b computing the two resistor currents through the current divider rule.
Record these in Table 3.3
 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1
LABORATORY MANUAL

6. Consider the Circuit of Figure 3.2 with R1 = 1k, R2 = 2.2 k, R3 = 3.3k, R4 = 6.8k and E = A+B+C+D.
Using Ohm’s law, determine the currents through each of the four resistors and record the values in Table
3.4 under the Theory column. Note that the larger the resistor, the smaller the current should be. Also
determine and record the total supplied current and the current I x. Note that this current should equal the
sum of the currents through R3 and R4.
7. Consider the Circuit of Figure 3.2 with R1 = 1k, R2 = 2.2 k, R3 = 3.3k, R4 = 6.8k and E = A+B+C+D. Set
the AMM to measure DC currents. Place the AMM probes in line with R1 and measure its current. Record
this value in Table 3.4. Also determine the deviation. Repeat this process for the remaining three resistors.
Also measure the total current supplied by the source by inserting the ammeter between point A and B.
8. To Find Ix, insert the ammeter at point X with the black probe closer to R3. Record this value in Table 3.4
with deviation.

Table 3.1

Table 3.2
 URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1
LABORATORY MANUAL

Table 3.3

Table 3.4

Questions:
1. For the circuit of Figure 3.1, what is the expected current entering the negative terminal of the source?

2. For the circuit 3.2, what is the expected current between points B and C?

3. In Figure 3.2, R4 is approximately twice the size of R3 and about three times the size of R2. Would the
currents exhibit the same ratios? Why or why not?

4. If the fifth resistor of 10k oms was added to the right of R4 in figure 3.2, how would this alter I TOTAL
and Ix? Show work in a separate sheet.

5. Is KCL satisfied in Tables 3.2 and 3.4?