8

SCIENCE
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Understanding Typhoons
Quarter 2- Week 6
Science – Grade 8
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Understanding Typhoons
Quarter 2- Week 6

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Guided Learning Activity Kit Development Team

Writer: Marilyn D. Joaquin
Editors: Ronald P. Perez
Marlon T. Espura
Reviewer: Christian Ordillas
Illustrator: Ramil Rabaca
Layout Artist: Jojit M. Elemento
Management Team: Leonardo D. Zapanta EdD, CESO V
Michelle Ablian-Mejica, EdD
Manolito B. Basilio, EdD
Evelyn D. Tarrayo, EdD
Garry M. Achacoso
Rachelle C. Diviva EdD

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division of Zambales
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedzambales.ph
 UNDERSTANDING TYPHOONS

Introduction

Philippines is surrounded by bodies of water. It is situated along the typhoon

belt of the Pacific basin where tropical cyclones are formed. Tropical Cyclones are
natural phenomenon that we cannot avoid. The only thing we can do is to be
prepared for the occurrence of tropical cyclones.

Therefore it is important to be knowledgeable about tropical cyclones to

understand how they develop, track, know the effect that might happen, and be
prepared. In this Guided Learning Activity Kit, you will learn how to trace the path
of typhoons that enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR).

Learning Competency

 Explain how landmasses and bodies of water affect typhoons.( S8ES-IIe-20)

 Trace the path of typhoons that enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility
(PAR) using a map and tracking data. ( S8ES-IIf-21 )

Objectives

At the end of this guided learning activity kit, you are expected to:

1. explain how landmasses and bodies of water affect typhoons.

2. give the latitude and longitude of a tropical cyclone, if it entered the
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR).
3. trace the path of typhoons that enters the Philippine Area of Responsibility
using a map and tracking data.

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 Review

In module 5, you have learned how typhoon develops and why Philippines is
prone to typhoons. Will you recall the 5 Categories of Tropical Cyclone. Arrange it
from increasing windspeed.
Tropical Depression < Tropical Storm < Severe Tropical Storm < Typhoon <
Supertyphoon.
Excellent!
What condition favors the formation of typhoon?
Typhoon forms when the ocean surface temperature gets higher than 26.5° C,
there is a preexisting low-pressure area and the presence of Coriolis force.
Outstanding!
For the last question, why is Philippines prone to typhoons?
Philippines is prone to typhoons because it is surrounded by large bodies of
water and it is located near the Western North Pacific Basin where most of tropical
cyclones form.

Discussion

How landmasses and bodies of water affect typhoons?

Typhoons are affected by the condition of the landmass and the topography
of the area where they landfall. Landforms tend to affect wind direction and therefore
disrupts the spin of a typhoon. It weakens typhoons because of the lack of water to
supply the needed moisture in the air. Typhoons gain energy from warm ocean water
and lose energy over cold water (PAGASA 2020).
Typhoons are sustained by deep convection and release of heat, and so
require warm ocean water to maintain the convection and wind speeds. They reach
their greatest intensity while located over warm tropical water. If a typhoon
moves over land, this supply of warm ocean water is cut off and the typhoon will
dissolves. Research shows that that the presence of mountain ranges slows down
the movement of a tropical cyclones.

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 Sierra Madre mountain ranges according to research weaken tropical
cyclones. Lawin, a Supertyphoon, was downgraded to Severe Tropical Storm when
it slams the mountainous area of Luzon. Ompong’s wind slowed down to 160
kilometers per hour from 220 kph sustained winds after encountering the mountains
of Sierra Madre. (Sierra Madre Stifles World’s Fiercest Typhoon This Year
Businessmirror 2018)

Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)

Are you familiar with “Philippine Area of Responsibility or PAR”? Weathermen

always include PAR on their weather report. What is Philippine Area of
Responsibility?
When a weather disturbance enters the (PAR), the weather bureau begins to
monitor it. When a tropical cyclone enters this area, it is given a local name.
Typhoons usually move from east to west across the country, heading north
or west as they go in the islands of Eastern Visayas, Bicol region, and northern Luzon
(Typhoons In The Philippines, 2020) .Do you know where PAR is? You will find out
in our succeeding activities.

Are You Prepared?

When a tropical cyclone enters the PAR and if it is on its way toward land,
Public Storm Warning Signals are issued. The following signals are used by PAGASA
to warn people about the approaching weather disturbance. Do you know what
signals mean?

PUBLIC What it means? What might happen? What to do?

STORM
WARNING
SIGNALS
(PSWS)
1 A tropical Twigs and branches of Watch out for big
cyclone will small trees are broken. waves. Listen to
affect the Some banana plants are severe weather
locality. Winds of tilted or downed. Some bulletin issued by
30-60 kph may houses of very light PAGASA.
be expected in at materials partially
least 36 hours or unroofed. Rice crops suffer
irregular rains significant damage in its
may be expected flowering stage.
within 36 hours.

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2 A tropical Large number of nipa and Avoid riding in
cyclone will cogon houses may be small seacraft.
affect the partially or totally Those who travel
locality. Winds of unroofed. Some old by sea and air
greater than 60 galvanized iron roof may should avoid
kph up to 100 be peeled off. Winds may unnecessary risks.
kph may be bring light to moderate Postpone outdoor
expected in at damage to exposed activities of
least 24 hours. communities. Some children.
coconut trees may be tilted
while few are broken. Few
big trees may be uprooted.
Rice and corn may be
adversely affected.
3 A tropical Many coconut trees broken Avoid riding in any
cyclone will or destroyed. Almost all seacraft. Seek
affect locality. banana plants downed and shelter in strong
Winds of greater a large number of trees buildings.
than 100 kph to uprooted. Rice and corn Evacuate from low-
185 kph may be crops suffer heavy losses. lying areas. Stay
expected in at Majority of all nipa and away from coasts
least 18 hours. cogon houses uprooted or and river banks.
destroyed; considerable
damage to structures of
light to medium
construction. Widespread
disruption of electrical
power and communication
services. Moderate to
heavy damage experienced
in agricultural and
industrial sectors.
4 A very intense Coconut plantation may All travels and
typhoon will suffer extensive damage. outdoor activities
affect locality Many large trees may be should be
very strong uprooted. Rice and corn cancelled.
winds of more plantation may suffer Evacuation to safer
than 185 kph severe losses. Most shelters should
maybe expected buildings of mixed have been
in at least 12 construction maybe completed by now.
hours severely damaged. The locality is very
Electrical power likely to be hit
distribution and directly by the eye
communication services of the typhoon.
may be severely disrupted.
Damage to affected
communities can be very
heavy.

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 5 A Super Typhoon Total damage to banana Evacuation to safer
will affect the plantation. Most tall trees shelters should
locality. Winds are broken, uprooted or have been
greater than 220 defoliated; Coconut trees completed by now.
kph may be are stooped, broken or The locality is very
expected in at uprooted. Few plants and likely to be hit
least 12 hr. trees survived. Widespread directly by the eye
damage to high-risk of the super
structures Very heavy typhoon.
damage to medium-risk
structures. Heavy damage
to low-risk structures;
Almost total damage to
structures of light in highly
exposed coastal areas.
Complete roof failure on
many residences and
industrial buildings.
Severe and extensive
window and door damage.
Most residential and
institutional buildings of
mixed construction may be
severely damaged.
Electrical power
distribution and
communication services
severely disrupted. All
signs/billboards blown.
Source: Science 8 Learner’s Material, 2013

To be fully prepared for tropical cyclones, you should also put together an
emergency kit which includes the following: drinking water, canned goods, can
opener, radio, flashlight, extra batteries, clothes, blanket, and first aid kit. You never
know when you will need it. You must learn how to rely on yourself. In times of
disaster, it may take a while before help arrives.

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 Activities

Guided Practice 1
Plotting the PAR
(Adopted from Science 8 Learner’s Material 2013)
Procedure:
1. Plot the following points on the map below (Figure 1).

Points Latitude, Longitude

a. 5°N, 115°E
b. 15°N, 115°E
c. 21°N, 120°E
d. 25°N, 120°E
e. 25°N, 135°E
f. 5°N, 135°E

Figure 1. Map of the Philippines and vicinity

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 2. Connect the plotted points. The region within is the Philippine Area of
Responsibility or PAR. It is the job of PAGASA to monitor all tropical cyclones
that enter this area. Your connected plotted points should look like figure 2.

Figure 2 Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)

Answer the following questions.

1. If a typhoon is located at 15°N, 138°E, is it within the PAR? _____

2. How about if the typhoon is at 19°N, 117°E, is it inside the PAR? _____

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Guided Practice 2

Now let us track how Ompong develops into a Typhoon. Study the table below.
Answer the questions that follow.
Date Location Wind Speed Typhoon Category
September 7, 2018 Pacific Ocean - Tropical Storm (TS)
September 9, 2018 Pacific Ocean - Severe Tropical
2:00 AM Storm (STS)
September 9, 2018 Pacific Ocean - Typhoon (TY)
2:00 PM
September 10, 2018 Pacific Ocean 145 kph Typhoon (TY)
September 11, 2018 Pacific Ocean 205 kph Typhoon (TY)
September 12, 2018 PAR 205 kph Typhoon (TY)
September 15, 2018 Baggao, - Typhoon (TY)
10 AM (Landfall) Cagayan
September 15, 2018 Aparri 108 kph Typhoon (TY)
Cagayan
September 15, 2018 Outside PAR 145 kph Typhoon (TY)
9 PM

Answer the following questions.

1. What happened to the strength of Typhoon Ompong while in the ocean?

Why?

2. What happened to the strength of Typhoon Ompong after landfall in

Baggao, Cagayan? Why?

3. How do bodies of water and landmasses affect typhoons?

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Independent Practice
Tracking a Tropical Cyclone
(Adopted from Science 8 Learner’s Material 2013)

A. Use the latitude and longitude (lat-long) in the table below to track the location of
Sendong. Plot each lat-long pair on the map with the PAR on activity 1.

Date: DEC. 13-19, 2011

Tropical Storm Sendong (International name: Washi)
Month/Day/Time Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E)
12/13/06 6.00 145.10
12/13/12 6.40 143.30
12/14/18 6.00 141.70
12/14/00 5.90 140.60
12/14/06 6.20 139.00
12/14/12 6.70 137.70
12/14/18 7.00 136.30
12/15/00 7.20 134.30
12/15/06 7.60 132.30
12/15/12 7.70 130.80
12/15/18 7.50 129.10
12/16/00 7.40 128.10
12/16/06 8.00 126.80
12/16/12 8.40 125.50
12/16/18 8.50 123.80
12/17/00 9.10 122.40
12/17/06 9.20 121.50
12/17/12 9.60 120.40
12/17/18 10.20 119.00
12/18/00 10.90 117.60
12/18/06 10.30 115.70
12/18/12 9.90 114.60
12/18/18 9.60 113.90
12/19/00 9.10 112.90
12/19/06 9.70 111.90
12/19/12 10.50 110.70
Tracking data are from
http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/w_pacific/2011H/index.php

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B. Answer the following questions.

1.Where did Sendong form?

2. When did Sendong enter the PAR?

3. When did Sendong leave the PAR?

4. In what direction did Sendong move?

Assessment

I. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What will happen to Tropical Cyclones when they landfall?

A. Tropical cyclone will increase strength.

B. Tropical cyclone will lose strength.
C. The air will rotate in different direction.
D. Tropical cyclone changes its track.

2. “Ompong” was the 15th tropical cyclone (TC) to enter or develop within the
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) in 2018 . The typhoon made landfall
over the remote portion of Baggao, Cagayan on September 15, 2018.
Interaction with the rugged terrain of Northern Luzon after landfall caused
the typhoon to weaken significantly after traversing Luzon. What causes
Ompong to weaken?

A. Landmass
B. Warm ocean
C. Humidity
D. High Pressure

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3. How do bodies of water affect typhoons?

A. Typhoons need bodies of water to gain rotational wind speeds.

B. Typhoons need warm ocean water to maintain the convection and wind
speeds.
C. Typhoons need warm ocean water to lose strength.
D. Typhoons need bodies of water to reproduce.

4. Yolanda became a supertyphoon first because it formed in the open ocean

therefore no land mass prevented it from forming a symmetrical circular
pattern and ocean temperature reaches 30 degrees Celsius. What causes
Yolanda to intensify into a supertyphoon?

A. Presence of landmass
B. Low ocean Temperature
C. Warm open ocean water
D. Low humidity in the area

5. It is an area in the Northwestern Pacific where PAGASA monitors weather

occurrences. It is also an area where Tropical Cyclones are given Philippine-
specific names.

A. Philippine Area of Reproduction

B. Philippine Atmospheric Recreation
C. Philippine Atmospheric Responsibility
D. Philippine Area of Responsibility

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II. Study the Forecast Track of Typhoon Rolly and answer the questions that follow.
Refer to the figure below.

5:30PM, 29 Oct 2020 (Thu)

Image from PAGASA, 2020

1.Where did Rolly form? _________________

2. When did Rolly enter the PAR? ______________

3. When did Rolly leave the PAR? ______________

4. In what direction did Rolly move? ___________

5. What is the International Name for Typhoon Rolly? ____________

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 Reflection

Answer the following questions in not more than 5 sentences.

1. How do landmasses and bodies of water affect typhoons?

2. What is the importance of tracking Typhoons?

Criteria for grading your essay.

4- Student’s understanding of concept is clearly evident. Student used logical thinking to

arrive at conclusion.
3- Student’s understanding of concept is evident. Student shows thinking skills to arrive at
conclusion.
2- Student has limited understanding of concept. Student attempts to show thinking skills.
1- Student has a complete lack of understanding of concept. Student shows no
understanding.

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 References

Campo, Pia, May Chaves, Leticia Catris, Marlene Ferido, Ian Kendrich
Fontanilla, Jacqueline Rose Gutierrez, and Shirley Jusayan et al.
2013. Science 8 Learner's Material. 1st ed. Department of
Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-
IMCS)

"How Do Land Masses Affect Typhoon? - Quora". 2020. Quora.Com.

https://www.quora.com/How-do-land-masses-affect-typhoon.

Main, Douglas. 2020. "How Typhoon Haiyan Became Year's Most Intense
Storm". Livescience.Com. https://www.livescience.com/41025-
typhoon-haiyan-most-intense-storm.html.

"PAGASA". 2020. Bagong.Pagasa.Dost.Gov.Ph.

http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/about-tropical-
cyclone.

"PAGASA". 2020. Bagong.Pagasa.Dost.Gov.Ph.

http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tropical-cyclone/tropical-
cyclone-summary.

Racoma, Bernard Alan B., Carlos Primo C. David, Irene A. Crisologo, and
Gerry Bagtasa. 2020. "The Change In Rainfall From Tropical
Cyclones Due To Orographic Effect Of The Sierra Madre Mountain
Range In Luzon, Philippines". Philjournalsci.Dost.Gov.Ph.
https://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/50-volume-145-no-4-2016/617-
the-change-in-rainfall-from-tropical-cyclones-due-to-orographic-
effect-of-the-sierra-madre-mountain-range-in-luzon-philippines

"Sierra Madre Stifles World’S Fiercest Typhoon This Year | Businessmirror".

2018. Businessmirror.
https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/10/01/sierra-madre-stifles-
worlds-fiercest-typhoon-this-year/.

"Story Map Journal". 2020. Arcgis.Com.

https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=586
f9150ae87491a8c7f1b86db7952a9.

“Typhoons In The Philippines”. 2020. En.Wikipedia.Org.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoons_in_the_Philippines#:~:text
=Typhoons%20usually%20move%20east%20to,is%20largely%20fre
e%20of%20typho

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Independent Practice Guided Practice 1
Your plotted points should look like the Plotting the PAR
figure below. Your PAR should look like the figure below.
Track of Tropical Storm Sendong, 2011
Answer to questions
1. N
1. Sendong formed in the Pacific Ocean.
2. No
2. Sendong entered the PAR on December 15,
2011.
Guided Practice 2
3. Sendong left the PAR on December 18,
Answer to questions
2013.
1. The strength of Ompong while on the ocean
4. Sendong moved in a westward direction.
intensify/increase because Typhoons are
sustained by deep convection and release of
Assessment A
heat, and so require warm ocean water to
1.B
maintain the convection and wind speeds.
2.A
They reach their greatest intensity while
3. B
located over warm tropical water.
4. C
5. D
2. Typhoon Ompong weakens after landfall in
Assessment A
Cagayan because landforms tend to affect
1. Pacific Ocean
wind direction and therefore disrupt the spin
2. October 29, 2020
of a typhoon. It dissolved or weakens
3. November 3
typhoons because of the lack of water to
4. Rolly is moving westward
supply the needed moisture in the air.
5. Goni
Reflection
3. Landmass tend to affect wind direction and
1. Landmass tend to affect wind direction
therefore disrupt the spin of a typhoon. It
and therefore disrupt the spin of a typhoon.
dissolved or weakens typhoons because of the
It dissolved or weakens typhoons because of
lack of water to supply the needed moisture in
the lack of water to supply the needed
the air. Typhoons gain energy from warm
moisture in the air. Typhoons gain energy
from warm ocean water and lose energy over ocean water and lose energy over cold water.
cold water.
2. It is important to track typhoons to let us
know its location for preparation and possible
evacuation.
Key to Corrections
Copy of Figure 1. Map of the Philippines and vicinity to be given to learners

28°

27°
Mainland China
26°

25°
Taiwan
24°

23°

22°

21°

20°

19°

18°
PACIFIC OCEAN
17°

16°

15°

14°

13°

12°

11°

10°

9°

8°

7°

6°
Borneo
5°

4°

115° 116° 117° 118° 119° 120° 121° 122° 123° 124° 125° 126° 127° 128° 129° 130° 131° 132° 133° 134° 135°

Figure 1. Map of the Philippines and vicinity

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 Acknowledgment
The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt gratitude
to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to the successful
preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution of the
Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across grade
levels as a response to providing the learners with developmentally-appropriate,
contextualized and simplified learning resources with most essential learning
competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the principles of guided learning
and explicit instruction:
First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the writers
and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting their best efforts
to produce these indispensable learning kits used for the implementation of learning
delivery modalities.

Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators

making up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully
evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending its

financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning resources
for use by learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination with

the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and for
their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the learners
the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the tasks and for
gradually helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would not be

possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to serving our
Zambaleño learners.
Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III - Schools Division of Zambales

Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391