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    Task 4

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    Nazrul Izdham

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Task 4

    Uploaded by

    Nazrul Izdham
    15 views1 page

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    task 4

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    15 views1 page

    Task 4

    Uploaded by

    Nazrul Izdham

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    DISCUSSION: A. PH pH indicator is used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of water.

    Normally, the
    pH of natural water is in the range of 6.5 to 8.5. The result obtained from this experiment shown
    that Sample A (Chempaka Lake) has pH of 8.31; Sample B (Unipark Drain Block A) has pH of 6.79.
    Typically, natural water has pH 6.5-8.5 because most aquatic cannot survive in pH below 4. Natural
    alkalinity is due to the presence of carbon dioxide gas, CO2; HCO3¯ ions; CO3 ¯ ions and OH¯ ions
    which exist in the limestone and dolomite. Alkalinity may also exist by caustic substances from
    industry (potassium hydroxide, KOH and sodium hydroxide, NaOH), soil additives in agriculture such
    as lime Ca(OH)2, superphosphate which is mixture of Ca(H2PO4)2 and CaSO4 and soaps and
    detergents. The greater natural cause for change in pH in a stream is the seasonal and daily variation
    in photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses up hydrogen molecules which causes the concentration of
    hydrogen ions to decrease and thus increase the pH value. Due to the result obtained, we may see
    that Sample A has greater pH value than Sample B. From this, we may predict that there is a slight
    change in pH water due to the existence of CO2 gas in the surrounding which allows the alkalinity of
    the distilled water increased. By comparing with both Sample A and Sample B, it is obviously that
    both samples have been a bit polluted. The result also proves that Sample A is taken from lake water
    while Sample B is taken from the drainage water. This is because, lake water might have higher
    alkalinity due to the presence of lots of ions inside while drainage water is caused by the deposits of
    (Fe(OH)3) or other metallic compounds. A reaction occurs that results in a heavy sedimentation that
    blankets the stream. This blanket is caused when the iron hydroxide precipitates out of the water
    due to a lower pH from acid mine drainage. B. Temperature Based on our observation, the
    temperature obtained for Sample A (Chempaka Lake) is 29.2 ºC while the temperature for Sample B
    (Unipark Drain Block A) is 26.7 ºC. From the result obtained, we may conclude that both of the water
    has temperature above 20 ºC which can be described as warm water. Temperature Examples of life
    Greater than 20ºC (warm water) Much plant life, many fish diseases. Most bass, crappie, bluegill,
    crap, catfish, caddis fly. Middle range (12-20 ºC) Some plant life, some fish diseases. Salmon, trout,
    stone fly, mayfly, caddis fly, water beetles. Low range (cold-less than 12 ºC) Trout, caddis fly, stone
    fly, mayfly. Temperature influences the amount of dissolved oxygen in water which in turn
    influences the survival of aquatic organisms. When temperature is increased, the dissolved oxygen
    saturation level will be decreased thus increasing the rate of chemical reactions that takes place in
    the water. The result shown that lake water has slightly high temperature compared to drainage
    water thus we may predict that lake has lower dissolved oxygen saturation level.

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