Lesson 6: Global Divides

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the student will be able:
1. Define the term Globa south
2. Differentiate the global south form the third world
country
3. Analyze how a new conception of global relations
emerged from the experiences of Latin American
Countries
Globalization makes people connected and this interconnectedness is part of our daily life.
The leads to the so-called global divides, the Global North and Global South this two terms
divides the world. The “Global North contains all the countries north of the equator in the
Northern Hemisphere, an the Global South holds all of the countries south of the Equator in
the Sothern Hemisphere (Karpillo, 2018). According to Kwarteng and Botch way (2018),
“the North and the South divide in the practice and application of international laws. On the
other hand, Global developed North advocate for a collective action to protect the
environment while the developing Global South, argued for social and economic justice in
practice.

The gap between the ‘North’ and ‘South’ Despite very significant development gains globally
which have raised many millions of people out of absolute poverty, there is substantial
evidence that inequality between the world’s richest and poorest countries is widening. In
1820 western Europe's per capita income was three times bigger than Africa’s but by 2000 it
was thirteen times as big. In addition, in 2013, Oxfam reported that the richest 85 people in
the world owned the same amount of wealth as the poorest half of the world’s population.
Today the world is much more complex than the Brandt Line depicts as many poorer countries
have experienced significant economic and social development. However, inequality within
countries has also been growing and some commentators now talk of a ‘Global North’ and a
‘Global South’ referring respectively to richer or poorer communities which are found both
within and between countries. For example, whilst India is still home to the largest
concentration of poor people in a single nation it also has a very sizable middle class and a very
rich elite. There are many causes for these inequalities including the availability of natural
resources; different levels of health and education; the nature of a country’s economy and its
industrial sectors; international trading policies and access to markets; how countries are
governed and international relationships between countries; conflict within and between
countries; and a country’s vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change.
Global South
 Countries have been unable to evolve an indigenous technology appropriate to their own
resources and have dependent on power
 According to Claudio(2014) stated that the global south is both a reality and a provisional
in progress.
 Accordng toSparke (2007)in Claudio (2014) said that Global South is everywhere, but is
also somewhere , located at the intersection of entangled political geographies and
repression the resistant
 Mhaler (2017) coined three primary definition og Global South
o First, ut has tradition ben used with intergovernmental development organization
o Second, the Global South captures a deterritorialized geography of capitalism’s
externalities and means to account for subjugated peoples within the borders of
wealthier countries
o Third, Global south refers to the resistant imaginary
 Economy was based on cotton production which depended on slave labor.
 Southern economy was weak and vulnerable because it depended entirely on cotton but
was still very profitable. The period of cotton growing was called King Cotton.
Global South from the Third World
 The term “Third world” labeled to those countries that did not align with democratic or
communist countries as coined by Alfred Sauvy, a French demographer after World War
II and during Cold War.
 The Third World included the developing nation of Africa, Asia, and Latin America
 According to Wolves et al (n.d) the “The Third World become central political slogan for
the radial left
 Global South thus incorporates not only spaces that used to be referred to before as Third
World, but also spaces in the North that are characterized by exploitation, oppression and
neocolonial relations, such as indigenous and black communities (and immigrant
communities) in Western societies; and vice versa,
 The phrase “Global South” refers broadly to the regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa,
and Oceania. It is one of a family of terms, including “Third World” and “Periphery,”
that denote regions outside Europe and North America, mostly (though not all) low-
income and often politically or culturally mar- ginalized.
Global North
 Generally, definitions of the Global North include the United States, Canada, almost all
the European countries, Israel, Cyprus, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan,
Australia, and New Zealand.
  Economy was based on industries and major businesses, commerce and finance. North
had many manufacturing factories that dealt with textiles, lumber, clothing, machinery,
leath er, and wooden goods.
 The biggest business of the north was in railroad construction. Transportation was easier
because of railroads.
North-South Divide:
North-South Gap: Term used to describe the economic gap between the rich northern
countries of the world and the south poorer countries of the world.
NORTH SOUTH
DEFINITION:
During Cold War – Primary Global Division Was Between East and West, and
Predicated Upon Security and Power Balance.
After Cold War – Many See Primary Global Division as Being Between North and
South, and Predicated Upon Economic Inequality .
Developed and Developing Countries:
Issues of North-South Divide: North-South Divide Issues Distribution of income around the
world Economic competition worldwide Standard of living
Issue no. 1:
 Standard of living: Factors lead to low of standard of living
 Lack of trade and aid Single crop farming Abunda nce of debt Neo- Colonial ism
Issue no.2: Distribution of income around the world:
 Liberalization of market occurs , most South countries lost to the competition
from the North.
 Encourage migration of people from South to North for having a more good
income.
Issue no.3:Economic competition worldwide:
 Factors determine the competitivene ss of economy
  Appropriate infra structure
 Stable macro economic frame work
 Well functioning public and private institutions
Reasons for development gap:
 ENVIRONMENTAL natural features e.g. soil
 HISTORICAL things which have happen in years before e.g war
 SOCIO – ECONOMIC society, culture and money e.g religion
Some countries are developing faster than others. Many Asian countries are quickly developing
while many African countries are slowly developing.
MAJOR DIFFERENCES IN NORTH AND SOUTH:
Some of the major differences in North and South countries are as follows:-
NORTH SOUTH
o Less population
o High Wealth
o High Standard of living
o High Industrial development
o Industry
o Large population
o Low Wealth 
o Low Standard of living
o Low Industrial development Agriculture
Classifying Countries:
Countries can be classified into three different types:
Most Developed Countries (MDCs):  the richest of the industrialized and
democratic nations of the world.
 Less Developed Countries (LDCs):  countries with little industrial development,
little wealth, and high population growth.
Least Developed Countries (LLDCs):  very low per capital income, low literacy
rates, and very little in the way of manufacturing industries.

Reasons: There are 3 main reasons why our world is so unequal today:
 Colonialism:
 a. Today’s North-South gap traces its roots to the colonization of the Southern world
regions by Europe over the past several centuries. This colonization occurred at
different times in different parts of the world, as did decolonization.
b. Control by one power over a dependant area or people.
 Trade:
a. What you are spending to bring goods into your country is a greater sum that what
you are making by selling products in the global economy.
b. You are loosing money.  Southern countries suffered from this.
 Debt:
a. Their products were loosing money in the global economy, so they needed to
increase production.
b. The only way they could do this was to borrow money from the rich northern
countries.
c. This put them in debt.
Division of north and south:
 The North-South Divide (or Rich-Poor Divide) is the socio-economic and political
division that exists between the wealthy developed countries, known collectively as “the
North,” and the poorer developing countries (least developed countries), or “the South.”
Although most nations comprising the “North” are in fact located in the Northern
Hemisphere, the divide is not primarily defined by geography.
 As nations become economically developed, they may become part of the “North,”
regardless of geographical location, while any other nations which do not qualify for
“developed” status are in effect deemed to be part of the “South.”
 “The North” mostly covers the West and the First World, with much of the Second
World.
Development gap:
 The North-South divide has more recently been named the development gap. This places
greater emphasis on closing the evident gap between rich (more economically developed)
countries and poor (less economically developed countries) countries.
Globalization: In Terms of Economic Development, There Exists an Enormous Gap Between
Northern and Southern Countries, Which Has Been Increased By Globalization (Rich Get
Richer).  The process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become
integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation,
and trade.
Three world model: Capitalist Communist Developing
  Why is the gap between the economic north and south widening?
 The richest 1% of the world’s population now receives as much income as the poorest
57%.
 Lack of trade.
 Lack of aid.
 Abundance of debt.
 Failure of international organizations (e.g. IMF, World Bank, WTO).
 Neo-colonialism.
 Adverse climatic conditions.
 The difficulty of transforming the established
Closing The Gap:
 The United Nations has developed a program dedicated to narrowing the divide through
its Millennium Development Goals. This includes improving education and health care,
promoting gender equality, and ensuring environmental sustainability.

Learning Activity
Name: ____________________________________ Date: _______
Course: ___________ Score: _______
 GLOBAL DIVIDES

1. Compare and Contrast the Global North and South

2. Create an image of the following aspects and describe your imag

A Global South Country A Global North

_________________________ ________________________

An example of a third world country An example of third world country

__________________________ ________________________

A Latin – American Country An Asian Region

________________________ _______________________
3. Research and print of the following ( Use long bandpaper)
a. Map of the first World Countries
b. Map of the Second World Countries
c. Map of the Third World Country
References:

Ariola, Mariano M. (2018). The Contemporary World. Unlimited Books Library Services and
Publishing Inc.

Claudio, Lisandro E. & Abinales, Patricio N. (2018). The Contemporary World. C & E Publishing,
Inc.

Mendoza, Cheryl C. et al. (2019). Worktext in The Contemporary World. Nieme Publishing House.
Co. Ltd.

Aldama, P (2018) The Contemporary World, Rex Book Store