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Pteridophytes

Pteridophytes are vascular plants that include horsetails and ferns. They were the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues. Pteridophytes have a dominant sporophyte phase and produce spores through meiosis in sporangia. The spores germinate into gametophytes that produce gametes which fuse to form a zygote and develop into a new sporophyte.

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38 views

Pteridophytes

Pteridophytes are vascular plants that include horsetails and ferns. They were the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues. Pteridophytes have a dominant sporophyte phase and produce spores through meiosis in sporangia. The spores germinate into gametophytes that produce gametes which fuse to form a zygote and develop into a new sporophyte.

Uploaded by

Shakira Banu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PTERIDOPHYTES Horsetail

( include horsetails and ferns)

* found in cool, damp, shady


places.

*Some flourish well in sandy


soil conditions.

*first terrestrial plants to


possess vascular tissues
(xylem & phloem).

Fern
PTERIDOPHYTES

* bryophytes - the dominant


phase - gametophyte.

*In pteridophytes -
dominant phase (main
plant body) - sporophyte -
(It is differentiated into true
root, stem and leaves)
PTERIDOPHYTES Selaginella

*leaves in pteridophyta -

*small - (microphylls)-
eg.Selaginella

* large - (macrophylls)-
eg. ferns.

ferns
PTERDOPHYTES
The sporophytes - sporangia
- subtended by leaf-like
appendages called
sporophylls. Eg. Fern.

sporophylls- form distinct


compact structures called -
strobili or cones
(E.g. Selaginella, Equisetum).
PTERIDOPHYTES
Sporangia - spore mother cells(2n) -
meiosis- spores(n).

• The spores - germinate - photosynthetic


thalloid gametophytes - called prothallus.

*(prothallus) bear sex


organs -
#male(antheridia)
#female (archegonia)
PTERDOPHYTES

*Water - needed for transfer of antherozoids


(male gametes) from antheridia to the mouth
of archegonium(egg- female gametes).

Antherozoid + egg ( archegonium) =zygote.

Zygote - develops -sporophyte(multicellular).


PTERIDOPHYTES
Image for your reference
• pteridophytes produce

*similar kinds of spores (homosporous plants).

Eg.Lycopodium

* two kinds of spores - macro (mega) & micro


spores(heterosporous plants).

E.g. Selaginella & Salvinia.


*microspores -male gametophytes.

*megaspores - female gametophyte


( are retained on the parent sporophytes) -
zygotes develop into young embryos.

* seed habit - is considered as an important step


in evolution.
PTERDOPHYTES
PTERIDOPHYTES

Classes of Pteridophyte:-

1.Psilopsida – Ex – Psilotum

2.Lycopsida – Ex – Lycopodium & Selaginella

3.Sphenopsida – Ex – Equisetum

4.Pteropsida – Ex – Dryopteris & Pteris


PTERIDOPHYTES
PTERIDOPHYTES
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:-

*used for medicinal


purposes.

* used as soil binders.

* grown as ornamentals.
PTERIDOPHYTES
PTERIDOPHYTES
PTERIDOPHYTES
Fiddle heads
PTERIDOPHYTES Ophioglossum

Highest chromosome
number- 2n=1440.

Botanical snake -
ophioglossum(pteridophyte).

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