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    Sample Problems - 1

    Uploaded by

    Saranya Gunasekar
    This document contains sample problems and solutions related to dispersion in optical fibers. The first problem calculates pulse spreading of 0.45 ns/km and 0.2 ns/km due to material dispersion for an LED operating at 850 nm with a spectral width of 45 nm and a laser diode with a spectral width of 2 nm, respectively. The second problem calculates waveguide dispersion of -4.1 ps/(nm∙km) for a single mode fiber at 1320 nm. The third problem calculates waveguide dispersion parameters of -4.448 ps/(nm∙km) and -6.995 ps/(nm∙km) for a fiber at wavelengths of 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm, respectively. The

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Sample Problems - 1

    Uploaded by

    Saranya Gunasekar
    907 views16 pages
    This document contains sample problems and solutions related to dispersion in optical fibers. The first problem calculates pulse spreading of 0.45 ns/km and 0.2 ns/km due to material dispersion for an LED operating at 850 nm with a spectral width of 45 nm and a laser diode with a spectral width of 2 nm, respectively. The second problem calculates waveguide dispersion of -4.1 ps/(nm∙km) for a single mode fiber at 1320 nm. The third problem calculates waveguide dispersion parameters of -4.448 ps/(nm∙km) and -6.995 ps/(nm∙km) for a fiber at wavelengths of 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm, respectively. The

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    SAMPLE PROBLEMS -1

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    This document contains sample problems and solutions related to dispersion in optical fibers. The first problem calculates pulse spreading of 0.45 ns/km and 0.2 ns/km due to material dispersion for an LED operating at 850 nm with a spectral width of 45 nm and a laser diode with a spectral width of 2 nm, respectively. The second problem calculates waveguide dispersion of -4.1 ps/(nm∙km) for a single mode fiber at 1320 nm. The third problem calculates waveguide dispersion parameters of -4.448 ps/(nm∙km) and -6.995 ps/(nm∙km) for a fiber at wavelengths of 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm, respectively. The

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    907 views16 pages

    Sample Problems - 1

    Uploaded by

    Saranya Gunasekar
    This document contains sample problems and solutions related to dispersion in optical fibers. The first problem calculates pulse spreading of 0.45 ns/km and 0.2 ns/km due to material dispersion for an LED operating at 850 nm with a spectral width of 45 nm and a laser diode with a spectral width of 2 nm, respectively. The second problem calculates waveguide dispersion of -4.1 ps/(nm∙km) for a single mode fiber at 1320 nm. The third problem calculates waveguide dispersion parameters of -4.448 ps/(nm∙km) and -6.995 ps/(nm∙km) for a fiber at wavelengths of 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm, respectively. The

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    SAMPLE PROBLEMS – UNIT 2

    An LED operating at 850 nm has a spectral width of 45 nm. What is the pulse
    spreading in ns/km due to material dispersion in a silica fiber ? What is the pulse
    spreading when a laser diode having a 2 nm spectral width is used ?

    • Solution:

    • | Dmat ( λ ) | at 850 nm = 100 ps / (nm.km) from graph

    • L = 1 km

    • σmat = σλ L | Dmat ( λ ) | = 4.5 ns / km for LED

    • σmat = σλ L | Dm at ( λ ) |= 0.2 ns / km for LD


    Calculate the waveguide dispersion at 1320 nm in units of
    ps /(nm . km) for a single mode fiber with core and cladding diameters of 9 μm
    and 125 μm, respectively. Let the core index n1 = 1.48 and the relative index
    difference Δ = 0.22 %.

    Solution:

    • Dwg (λ ) = - n2 Δ V d2 (Vb)
    c λ dV2

    • n2 ≈ n1 ( 1 - Δ )= 1.477

    V = 2 π a n1( 2 Δ ) 1/2 = 2.103


    λ

    • V d2 (Vb) = 0.50 ; from graph


    dV2

    • Dwg (λ ) = - 1.477 x 0.0022 x 0.50 = - 4.1 ps / (nm. km )


    3 x 105 x 1320
    A step-index single-mode fiber has a core index of 1.45, a relative refractive index
    difference of 0.3 %, and a core diameter of 8.2 μm. Calculate the waveguide
    dispersion parameter for this fiber at λ = 1.30 μm and 1.55 μm.

    • Solution:
    • Dwg (λ ) = - n2 Δ V d2 (Vb)
    c λ dV2
    • n2 ≈ n1 ( 1 - Δ )= 1.4456

    • V = 2 π a n1( 2 Δ ) 1/2
    λ

    • V = 2.2256 at λ = 1.30 μm
    = 1.8667 at λ = 1.55 μm

    • V d2 (Vb) = 0.40 at λ = 1.30 μm, 0.75 at λ = 1.55 μm; from graph


    dV2

    • Dwg (λ ) = - 4.448 ps / (nm. km ) at λ = 1.30 μm


    = - 6.995 ps / (nm. km ) at λ = 1.55 μm
    A step-index single-mode fiber exhibits material dispersion of
    6 ps nm-1 km-1 at an operation wavelength of 1.55 μm. Assume that n1 =
    1.45 and Δ = 0.5 %. Calculate the diameter of the core needed to make the
    total dispersion of the fiber zero at this wavelength.

    • Solution:
    • Dtotal (λ ) = Dmat (λ ) + Dwg (λ )

    • Dwg (λ ) = - n2 Δ V d2 (Vb) = ?
    c λ dV2

    • n2 ≈ n1 ( 1 - Δ ) = 1.44275

    V = 2 π a n1( 2 Δ ) 1/2 = 2.103


    λ

    • V d2 (Vb) = - c λ Dwg (λ ) = 0.3869


    dV2 n2 Δ

    • V = 2.0863 ; from graph

    • Core diameter 2 a = V λ = 7.1 μm


    π n1( 2 Δ ) 1/2
    Consider an optical link consisting of a 5 Km long step index fiber with core index n 1 =
    1.49 and relative index difference Δ = 1 %.

    (a) Find the delay difference at the fiber end between the slowest and
    the fastest modes and also the rms pulse broadening caused by
    intermodal dispersion,
    (b) If the fiber is coupled to an LED operating at 1550 nm having a 75 nm
    spectral width, calculate the rms pulse spreading due to material
    dispersion. Dmat = 20 ps / nm.Km,
    (c) Calculate the rms pulse spreading due to waveguide dispersion if V d2(Vb) = 0.1
    ,
    dV2
    (d) Calculate the maximum bit rate BT [ = 0.2 /  , where
     =  (2mod + 2mat + 2wg ) ], that can be transmitted over the fiber
    without significant errors.
    (e) What is the Bandwidth - Distance product for this fiber ?
    Solution:

    ΔTmod = Tmax – Tmin = n1 Δ L = 0.25 μs


    c

    σstep = n1 Δ L = 72 ns
    c 2 √3
    σmat = σλ L | Dmat (λ)|= 7.5 ns

    σwg = n2 L Δ σλ V d2 (Vb) = 1.1896 ns


    c λ dV2

     =  (2mod + 2mat + 2wg ) = 72.4 ns

    BT = 0.2 /  = 2.762431 Mbps

    B. L = 13.812155 ≈ 14 MHz . Km
    Compare the rms pulse broadening per kilometer for the
    following three fibers:
    (i) a multimode step index fiber with core index n1 = 1.49 and Δ = 1.0
    %,

    (ii) a graded index fiber having an optimum parabolic index profile and the
    same n1 and Δ as in (i),
    (iii) the same type of graded index fiber as in (ii) but with Δ = 0.5 %.

    (i) σstep = 14.3 ns / km


    (ii) σgi = 14.3 ps / km
    (iii) σgi = 3.58 ps / km
    INFERENCE : ????????????????
    Contd,
    Contd,
    Contd,

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