GATE Question Paper 2019

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

GATE PHYSICS (PH) -2019
This question paper consists of 2 sections, General Aptitude (GA) section for 15 marks and the
subject specific section (PHYSICS) for 85 marks. Both these sections are compulsory.
There will be a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks.
The GA section consists of 10 questions. Question numbers 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each, while
question numbers 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each.
The subject specific PH section consists of 55 questions, out of which question numbers 1 to 25
are of 1 mark each, while question numbers 26 to 55 are of 2 marks each.
Use the data given in the question while answering that question. If such data are not given, and
the paper has useful data, then the same can be viewed by clicking on the Useful Data button that
appears at the top, right-hand side of the screen.
The question paper consists of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) and Numerical Answer Type
(NAT).
(a) Multiple choice type questions have four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which only ONE
is the correct answer.
(b) For Numerical answer type questions, a numerical answer should be entered.
All those questions that are not attempted will carry zero marks. However, wrong answers for
multiple choice type questions (MCQ) will carry NEGATIVE marks. For multiple choice type
questions, a wrong answering will lead to deduction of 1/3 marks for a 1-mark question and 2/3
marks for a 2-mark question. There is no negative marking for NAT questions.
Only Virtual Scientific Calculator is allowed. Charts, graph sheets, tables, cellular phone or other
electronic gadgets are NOT allowed in the examination hall.
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Section: General Aptitude
Q1 – Q5 carry one mark each.
Q1 The fishermen, __________ the flood victims owed their lives, were rewarded by the
government.
(a) whom (b) to which (c) to whom (d) that
Q2 Some students were not involved in the strike.
If the above statement is true, which of the following conclusions is/are logically necessary?
1. Some who were involved in the strike were students
2. No student was involved in the strike
3. At least one student was involved in the strike
4. Some who were not involved in the strike were students
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2 and 4
Q3. The radius as well as the height of a circular cone increases by 10 %. The percentage increase in
its volume is __________.
(a) 17.1 (b) 21.0 (c) 33.1 (d) 72.8
Q4 Five numbers 10, 7, 5, 4 and 2 are to be arranged in a sequence from left to right following the
directions given below:
1. No two odd or even numbers are next to each other
2. The second number from the left is exactly half of the left-most number
3. The middle number is exactly twice the right-most number
Which of the second number from the right?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 10
Q5 Until Iran came along, India had never been _________ in kabaddi.
(a) defeated (b) defeating (c) defeat (d) defeatist
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Q6 – Q10 carry two marks each.
Q6 Since the last one year, after a 125 basis point reduction in repo rate by the Reserve Bank of
India, banking institutions have been making a demand to reduce interest rates on small saving
schemes. Finally, the government announced yesterday a reduction in interest rates on small
saving schemes to bring them on par with fixed deposit interest rates.
Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the given passage?
(a) Whenever the Reserve Bank of India reduces the repo rate, the interest rates on small saving
schemes are also reduced
(b) Interest rates on small saving schemes are always maintained on par with fixed deposit
interest rates
(c) The government sometimes takes into consideration the demands of banking institutions
before reducing the interest rates on small saving schemes
(d) A reduction in interest rates on small saving schemes follow only after a reduction in repo
rate by the Reserve Bank of India.
Q7. In a country of 1400 million population 70% own mobile phones. Among the mobile phone
owners, only 294 million access the Internet. Among these Internet users, only half buy goods
from e-commerce portals. What is the percentage of these buyers in the country?
(a) 10.50 (b) 14.70 (c) 15.00 (d) 50.00
Q8. The nomenclature of Hindustani music has changed over the centuries. Since the medieval
period dhrupad styles were identified as baanis. Terms like gayaki and baaj were used to refer to
vocal and instrumental styles, respectively. With the institutionalization of music education the
term gharana became acceptable. Gharana originally referred to hereditary musicians from a
particular lineage, including disciples and grand disciples.
Which one of the following pairings is NOT correct?
(a) dhupad, baani (b) gayaki, vocal (c) baaj, institution (d) gharana, lineage
Q9. Two trains started at 7 AM from the same point. The first train travelled north at a speed of
80 km / h and the second train travelled south at a speed of 100 km / h . The time at which they
were 540 km apart is __________A.M
(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) 11.30
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Q10. “I read somewhere that in ancient times the prestige of a kingdom depended upon the number of
taxes that it was able to levy on its people. It was very much like the prestige of a head-hunter in
his won community.”
Based on the paragraph above, the prestige of a head-hunter depended upon _____________
(a) the prestige of the kingdom (b) the prestige of the heads
(c) the number of taxes he could levy (d) the number of heads he could gather
Ans. : (d)
Section: Physics
Q1 – Q25 carry one mark each.
Q1. The relative magnetic permeability of a type-I super conductor is
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
4
Q2. Considering baryon number and lepton number conservation laws, which of the following
process is/are allowed?
(i) p   0  e   ve (ii) e   ve     v
(a) both (i) and (ii) (b) only (i) (c) only (ii) (d) neither (i) nor (ii)
Q3. For the following circuit, what is the magnitude of Vout if Vin  1.5V ?
100 R
R 15V
Vin 
Vout

15V
(a) 0.015V (b) 0.15V (c) 15V (d) 150V
d2y y
Q4. For the differential equation 2
 n  n  1 2  0 , where n is a constant, the product of its two
dx x
independent solutions is
1 1
(a) (b) x (c) x n (d)
x x n 1
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Q5. Consider a one-dimensional gas of N non-interacting particles of mass m with the Hamiltonian
for a single particle given by
p2 1
H  m 2  x 2  2 x 
2m 2
The high temperature specific heat in units of R  Nk B ( k B is the Boltzmann constant) is
(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 2 (d) 2.5


Q6. An electric field E  E0 zˆ is applied to a Hydrogen atom in n  2 excited state. Ignoring spin the
n  2 state is fourfold degenerate, which in the l , m basis are given by 0, 0 , 1,1 , 1, 0 and
1, 1 . If H  is the interaction Hamiltonian corresponding to the applied electric field, which of
the following matrix elements is nonzero?

(a) 0, 0 H  0, 0 (b) 0, 0 H  1,1
(c) 0, 0 H  1, 0 (d) 0, 0 H  1, 1
Q7. A large number N of ideal bosons, each of mass m , are trapped in a three-dimensional potential
m 2 r 2
V r   . The bosonic system is kept at temperature T which is much lower than the
2
Bose-Einstein condensation temperature TC . The chemical potential    satisfies
3 3
(a)    (b) 2    
2 2
(c) 3    2 (d)   3
Q8. During a rotation, vectors along the axis of rotation remain unchanged. For the rotation matrix
0 1 0
 
 0 0 1 , the unit vector along the axis of rotation is
 1 0 0 
 
(a)
3

1 ˆ ˆ
2i  j  2kˆ  (b)
3

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i  jk 
(c)
3

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
i  jk  (d)
3

1 ˆ
2i  2 ˆj  kˆ 
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Q9. For a spin particle, let  and  denote its spin up and spin down states, respectively. If
2
a 
1
2
 
     and b 
1
2
 
     are composite states of two such
particles, which of the following statements is true for their total spin S ?
(a) S  1 for a and b is not an eigenstate of the operator Ŝ 2
(b) a is not an eigenstate of the operator Ŝ 2 and S  0 for b
(c) S  0 for a , and S  1 for b
(d) S  1 for a , and S  0 for b
Q10. Consider a transformation from one set of generalized coordinate and momentum ( q, p ) to
another set ( Q, P ) denoted by,
Q  pq s ; P  qr
where s and r are constants. The transformation is canonical if
(a) s  0 and r  1 (b) s  2 and r  1
(c) s  0 and r  1 (d) s  2 and r  1
Q11. In order to estimate the specific heat of phonons, the appropriate method to apply would be
(a) Einstein model for acoustic phonons and Debye model for optical phonons
(b) Einstein model for optical phonons and Debye model for acoustic phonons
(c) Einstein model for both optical and acoustic phonons
(d) Debye model for both optical and acoustic phonons
Q12. The pole of the function f  z   cot z at z  0 is
(a) a removablesingularity (b) an essential singularity

(c) a simple pole (d) a second order pole
Q13. A massive particle X in free space decays spontaneously into two photons. Which of the
following statements is true for X ?
(a) X is charged
(b) Spin of X must be greater than or equal to 2
(c) X is a boson
(d) X must be a baryon
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
Q14. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by E  3sin  kz   t  xˆ  4 cos  kz  t  yˆ .
The wave is
4
(a) linearly polarized at an angle tan 1   from the x - axis
3
3
(b) linearly polarized at an angle tan 1   from the x - axis
4
(c) elliptically polarized in clockwise direction when seen travelling towards the observer
(d) elliptically polarized in counter-clockwise direction when seen travelling towards the
observer
40
Q15. The nuclear spin and parity of 20 Ca in its ground state is
(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 1

Q16. An infinitely long thin cylindrical shell has its axis coinciding with the z -axis. It carries a
surface charge density  0 cos  , where  is the polar angle and  0 is a constant. The magnitude
of the electric field inside the cylinder is
0 0 0
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
2 0 3 0 4 0
Q17. Consider a three-dimensional crystal of N inert gas atoms. The total energy is given by
   12   
6
U  R   2 N   p    q    , where p  12.13, q  14.45 and R is the nearest neighbour

  R   R  
distance between two atoms. The two constants,  and R , have the dimensions of energy and
length, respectively. The equilibrium separation between two nearest neighbour atoms in units of
 (rounded off to two decimal places) is____________
Q18. The energy-wavevector  E  k  dispersion relation for a particle in two dimensions is E  Ck ,
where C is a constant. If its density of states D  E  is proportional to E p then the value of p
is____________
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Q19. A circular loop made of a thin wire has radius 2 cm and resistance 2  . It is placed

perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of magnitude B0  0.01 Tesla. At time t  0 the field
 
starts decaying as B  B0 e  t / t0 , where t0  1s . The total charge that passes through a cross section
of the wire during the decay is Q . The value of Q in  C (rounded off to two decimal places)
is____________
Q20. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum is given by

 
E  E0 cos 3 y  4 z  1.5 109 t xˆ
The wave is reflected from the z  0 surface. If the pressure exerted on the surface is   E02 ,
the value of  (rounded off to one decimal place) is___________

Q21. The Hamiltonian for a quantum harmonic oscillator of mass m in three dimensions is
p2 1
H  m 2 r 2
2m 2
where  is the angular frequency. The expectation value of r 2 in the first excited state of the

oscillator in units of (rounded off to one decimal place) is__________
m
p2
Q22. The Hamiltonian for a particle of mass m is H   kqt where q and p are the generalized
2m
coordinate and momentum, respectively, t is time and k is a constant. For the initial condition,
q  0 and p  0 at t  0, q  t   t  . The value of  is ________
Q23. At temperature T Kelvin  K  , the value of the Fermi function at an energy 0.5 eV above the
Fermi energy is 0.01 . Then T , to the nearest integer, is __________

( k B  8.62 105 eV / K )
1  0
Q24. Let  1    ,  2    represent two possible states of a two-level quantum system. The
0 1 
state obtained by the incoherent superposition of  1 and  2 is given by a density matrix that
is defined as   c1  1  1  c2  2  2 . If c1  0.4 and c2  0.6 , the matrix element  22
(rounded off to one decimal place) is __________
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Q25. A conventional type-I superconductor has a critical temperature of 4.7 K at zero magnetic field
and a critical magnetic field of 0.3 Tesla at 0 K . The critical field in Tesla at 2 K (rounded off
to three decimal places) is__________
Q26 – Q55 carry two marks each.

Q26. Consider the following Boolean expression:
 A  B   A  B  C   A  B  C 
It can be represented by a single three-input logic gate. Identify the gate
(a) AND (b) OR (c) XOR (d) NAND

cos  kx 
Q27. The value of the integral 

x2  a2
dx , where k  0 and a  0 , is
 2  ka  3  ka
(a) e  ka (b) e (c) e  ka (d) e
a a 2a 2a
Q28. The wave function   x  of a particle is as shown below
  x
d d
K
x
a/2 a/2
Here K is a constant, and a  d . The position uncertainty  x  of the particle is
a 2  3d 2 3a 2  d 2 d2 d2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 12 6 24
Q29. A solid cylinder of radius R has total charge Q distributed uniformly over its volume. It is
rotating about its axis with angular speed  . The magnitude of the total magnetic moment of the
cylinder is
1 1 1
(a) QR 2 (b) QR 2 (c) QR 2 (d) QR 2
2 4 8
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Q30. Consider the motion of a particle along the x - axis in a potential V  x   F x . Its ground state
energy E0 is estimated using the uncertainty principle. Then E0 is proportional to
(a) F 1/ 3 (b) F 1/ 2 (c) F 2 / 5 (d) F 2 / 3

Q31. A 3 - bit analog-to-digital converter is designed to digitize analog signals ranging from 0 V to
10 V . For this converter, the binary output corresponding to an input of 6 V is
(a) 011 (b) 101 (c) 100 (d) 010
E 0
Q32. The Hamiltonian operator for a two-level quantum system is H   1  . If the state of the
0 E2 
1  1
system at t  0 is given by   0     then   0    t 
2
at a later time t is
2  1
(a)
1
2

1  e E1  E2 t /   (b)
1
2

1  e E1  E2 t /  
(c)
1
2
1  cos  E1  E2  t /   (d)
1
2
1  cos  E1  E2  t /  
Q33. A particle of mass m moves in a lattice along the x - axis in a periodic potential
V  x   V  x  d  with periodicity d . The corresponding Brillouin zone extends from k0 to k0
with these two k - points being equivalent. If a weak force F in the x - direction is applied to
the particle, it starts a periodic motion with the time period T . Using the equation of motion
dpcrystal
F for a particle moving in a band, where pcrystal is the crystal momentum of the
dt
particle, the period T is found to be ( h is Planck constant)
2md 2md 2h h
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
F F Fd Fd
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Q34. Consider a potential barrier V  x  of the form:
V  x
V  x  
V0
x0 xa xb x
where V0 is a constant. For particles of energy E  V0 incident on this barrier from the left which
of the following schematic diagrams best represents the probability density   x  as a function
2
of x ?
  x   x
2 2
(a) (b)
x0 xa xb x x0 xa xb x
  x   x
2 2
(c) (d)
x0 xa xb x x0 xa xb x

 
Q35. The spin-orbit interaction term of an electron moving in a central field is written as f  r  l  s ,
where r is the radial distance of the electron from the origin. If an electron moves inside a
uniformly charged sphere, then
(a) f  r   constant (b) f  r   r 1
(c) f  r   r 2 (d) f  r   r 3
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Q36. For the following circuit, the correct logic values for the entries X 2 and Y2 in the truth table are
C
G A B P C X Y
A X 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 X2 Y2
G
Y 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
B
P
(a) 1 and 0 (b) 0 and 0 (c) 0 and 1 (d) 1 and 1
 m 
Q37. In a set of N successive polarizers, the m th polarizer makes an angle   with the vertical. A
 2N 
vertically polarized light beam of intensity I 0 is incident on two such sets with N  N1 and
N  N 2 , where N 2  N1 . Let the intensity of light beams coming out be I  N1  and I  N 2  ,
respectively. Which of the following statements is correct about the two outgoing beams?
(a) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is vertical
(b) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is vertical
(c) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is horizontal
(d) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is horizontal
Q38. A ball bouncing of a rigid floor is described by the potential energy function
mgx for x  0
V  x  
 for x  0
Which of the following schematic diagrams best represents the phase space plot of the ball?
(a) (b)
 2mE  2mE
E E
mg mg
x x
 2mE  2mE
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(c)
 2mE
(d)  2mE
E E E

mg mg mg
x x
 2mE
 2mE
Q39. An infinitely long wire parallel to the x -axis is kept at z  d and carries a current I in the
positive x direction above a superconductor filling the region z  0 (see figure). The magnetic

field B inside the superconductor is zero so that the field just outside the superconductor is
parallel to its surface. The magnetic field due to this configuration at a point  x, y, z  0  is
  I    z  d  ˆj  ykˆ ẑ
(a)  0 
 2   y 2   z  d  
2
 
  I     z  d  ˆj  ykˆ  z  d  ˆj  ykˆ 
(b)  0   2  2  l
 2   y   z  d  y   z  d  
2 2
d
  I     z  d  ˆj  ykˆ  z  d  ˆj  ykˆ  x̂
(c)  0   2  2 
 2   y   z  d  y   z  d  
2 2
superconductor
 I   yjˆ   z  d  kˆ yjˆ   z  d  kˆ 
(d)  0  2  2 
 2   y   z  d  y   z  d  
2 2
Q40. The vector potential inside a long solenoid with n turns per unit length and carrying current I ,
  nI  nI

written in cylindrical coordinates is A  s,  , z   0 sˆ . If the term 0 s  cos  ˆ   sin  sˆ ,
2 2


where   0,   0 is added to A  s,  , z  , the magnetic field remains the same if

(a)    (b)     (c)   2  (d)  
2
  t ˆ 1 t ˆ t 
 Useful formulae:  t S   zˆ; 
S S  z
 
    1 v v   v v  1    sv  vs  
  v   z
   sˆ   s  z  ˆ     zˆ 
  s  z   z s  s  s   
   
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13
fiziks

Q41. Low energy collision ( s - wave scattering) of pion (   ) with deuteron ( d ) results in the
production of two proton (    d  p  p ). The relative orbital angular momentum (in units of
 ) of the resulting two-proton system for this reaction is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
 p2q4 
Q42. Consider the Hamiltonian H  q, p    , where  and  are parameters with
2 q2
appropriate dimensions, and q and p are the generalized coordinate and momentum,
respectively. The corresponding Lagrangian L  q, q  is
1 q 2  2 q 2  1 q 2  1 q 2 
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d)  
2 q 4 q 2  q4 q2  q4 q2 2 q 4 q 2
 P 
Q43. For a given load resistance RL  4.7 ohm, the power transfer efficiencies   load  of a dc
 Ptotal 
voltage source and a dc current source with internal resistances R1 and R2 , respectively, are
equal. The product R1 R2 in units of ohm2 (rounded off to one decimal place) is_________
Q44. The ground state electronic configuration of the rare-earth ion ( Nd 3 ) is  Pd  4 f 3 5s 2 5 p 6 .
8
Assuming LS coupling, the Lande g - factor of this ion is . The effective magnetic moment in
11
units of Bohr magneton  B (rounded off to two decimal places) is ____________.
Q45. A projectile of mass 1 kg is launched at an angle of 300 from the horizontal direction at t  0
and takes time T before hitting the ground. If its initial speed is 10 ms 1 , the value of the action
integral for the entire flight in the units of kgm 2 s 1 (round off to one decimal place)
is___________. [Take g  10 ms 2 ]
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fiziks

Q46. Let  be a variable in the range      . Now consider a function
  
1 for  
     2 2
0 otherwise

if its Fourier-series is written as     C e im , then the value of C3
2
m (rounded off to
m 
three decimal places) is__________.

Q47. Two spaceships A and B , each of the same rest length L , are moving in the same direction
4c 3c
with speeds and , respectively, where c is the speed of light. As measured by B , the
5 5
time taken by A to completely overtake B [see figure below] in units of L / c (to the nearest
integer) is ___________
(i) (ii)
A 4c / 5 A 4c / 5
B 3c / 5 B 3c / 5
Q48. A radioactive element X has a half-life of 30 hours. It decays via alpha, beta and gamma
emissions with the branching ratio for beta decay being 0.75 . The partial half-life for beta decay
in unit of hours is ____________
Q49. In a thermally insulated container, 0.01 kg of ice at 273 K is mixed with 0.1 kg of water at
300 K . Neglecting the specific heat of the container, the change in the entropy of the system in
J / K on attaining thermal equilibrium (rounded off to two decimal places) is____________
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fiziks

Q50. Consider a system of three charges as shown in the figure below:
z
 r , 
q
q d  q
 
2 2
y
d d
For r  10 m;  60 degrees; q  106 Coulomb, and d  103 m , the electric dipole potential in
volts (rounded off to three decimal places) at a point  r ,   is _________
1 Nm 2
[Use:  9 109 2 ]
4 0 C
Q51. Consider two system A and B each having two distinguishable particles. In both the systems,
each particle can exist in states with energies 0,1, 2 and 3 units with equal probability. The total
energy of the combined system is 5 units. Assuming that the system A has energy 3 units and
the system B has energy 2 units, the entropy of the system is k B ln  . The value of 
is__________
Q52. Electrons with spin in the z - direction  ẑ  are passed through a Stern-Gerlach (SG) set up with
the magnetic field at   600 from ẑ . The fraction of electrons that will emerge with their spin
parallel to the magnetic field in the SG set up (rounded off to two decimal places)
is___________
 0 1  0 i   1 0 
 x   ,  y   ,  z   
 1 0 i 0   0 1  
1  
Q53. The Hamiltonian of a system is H    with   1 . The fourth order contribution to the
  1
ground state energy of H is  4 . The value of  (rounded off to three decimal places)
is_________.
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fiziks

Q54. Two events, one on the earth and the other one on the Sun, occur simultaneously in the earth’s
frame. The time difference between the two events as seen by an observer in a spaceship moving
with velocity 0.5 c in the earth’s frame along the line joining the earth to the Sun is  t , where c
is the speed of light. Given that light travels from the Sun to the earth in 8.3 minutes in the
earth’s frame, the value of  t in minutes (rounded off to two decimal places) is____________
(Take the earth’s frame to be inertial and neglect the relative motion between the earth and the
sun)
Q55. In a certain two-dimensional lattice, the energy dispersion of the electrons is
  
  1
 k  2t cos k x a  2 cos k x a cos
2 2
3
kya
 

where k   k x , k y  denotes the wave vector, a is the lattice constant and t is a constant in units
of eV . In this lattice the effective mass tensor mij of electrons calculated at the center of the
2   0 
Brillouin zone has the form mij    . The value of  (rounded off to two decimal
ta 2  0  
places) is ____________
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fiziks

(a) 0.015V (b) 0.15V (c) 15V (d) 150V

(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 2 (d) 2.5

1, 1 . If H  is the interaction Hamiltonian corresponding to the applied electric field, which of

the following matrix elements is nonzero?

(b) a is not an eigenstate of the operator Ŝ 2 and S  0 for b

(c) S  0 for a , and S  1 for b

(d) S  1 for a , and S  0 for b

(a) a removablesingularity (b) an essential singularity

(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 1

U  R   2 N   p    q    , where p  12.13, q  14.45 and R is the nearest neighbour

where C is a constant. If its density of states D  E  is proportional to E p then the value of p

the value of  (rounded off to one decimal place) is___________

Fermi energy is 0.01 . Then T , to the nearest integer, is __________

is defined as   c1  1  1  c2  2  2 . If c1  0.4 and c2  0.6 , the matrix element  22

(rounded off to one decimal place) is __________

Q26 – Q55 carry two marks each.

energy E0 is estimated using the uncertainty principle. Then E0 is proportional to

(a) F 1/ 3 (b) F 1/ 2 (c) F 2 / 5 (d) F 2 / 3

x0 xa xb x

x0 xa xb x x0 xa xb x

x0 xa xb x x0 xa xb x

N  N 2 , where N 2  N1 . Let the intensity of light beams coming out be I  N1  and I  N 2  ,

(b) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is vertical

(c) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is horizontal

(d) I  N 2   I  N1  ; the polarization in each case is horizontal

respectively. The corresponding Lagrangian L  q, q  is

Q44. The ground state electronic configuration of the rare-earth ion ( Nd 3 ) is  Pd  4 f 3 5s 2 5 p 6 .

three decimal places) is__________.

volts (rounded off to three decimal places) at a point  r ,   is _________

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