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Gen. Math Module 2

1. A rational function is a function that can be written as the quotient of two polynomial functions. Polynomial functions are also rational functions. 2. To determine if a given function is rational, check if it can be written as the quotient of two polynomials. Functions involving square roots or other roots are not rational. 3. The CRAM method can be used to solve rational equations: Clear fractions, Remove grouping symbols, Add/subtract similar terms, Multiply/divide to isolate the variable.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
149 views4 pages

Gen. Math Module 2

1. A rational function is a function that can be written as the quotient of two polynomial functions. Polynomial functions are also rational functions. 2. To determine if a given function is rational, check if it can be written as the quotient of two polynomials. Functions involving square roots or other roots are not rational. 3. The CRAM method can be used to solve rational equations: Clear fractions, Remove grouping symbols, Add/subtract similar terms, Multiply/divide to isolate the variable.

Uploaded by

Robert Clavo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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General Mathematics Module 2 rational function is the set of all real numbers except the zeros of the

denominator. Consider the rational function g defined by g(x) =

Unit 1 ( x +3)
(x−5)
.

Rational Functions The domain of g consists of all real numbers except 5.


(x+ 2)
Similarly, the rational function f(x) = is not defined at x = 1
(x 2−1)
and x = -1.
All polynomial functions can be written as a fraction. For instance,
we have the polynomial function f defined by f(x) = x2 + 3, f can
x2 +3
also be written as f(x) = .
1
From this, we can say that polynomial functions are also rational
functions. The examples below will provide you further knowledge
on how to determine rational functions.
Name
Example: tell whether each of the following functions is a rational
function.
Grade/Section 3 x−2 2x
a. f(x) = . b. f(x) = + .c. f(x) = √ 3 x
x+3 x+ 2 x−2
1
Prepared by: d. f(x) = 4 x 2 e. f(x) = 3 x−4 +5 x 5+ x−1
Mr. Jhon Robert S. Clavo
Subject Teacher Solution: the functions defined in, (a), (b), and (e) are rational
functions. The function in (b) can be expressed as a single term by
determining the least common denominator (LCD) of the two terms.
The LCD is equal to (x+2)(x-2), or equivalently, x2- 4. Therefore,
Rational Function
When two polynomial functions are expressed as a quotient, x−2 2x 3 x 2 +4
f(x) = + , is the same as f(x) = 2 . Moreover, (e) can
a new function will be formed. This function is called a rational x+ 2 x−2 x −4
function. Given two polynomial of function P and Q, the function 3 2
be written as f(x) = 4 +5 x + x−1, which is a rational
P( x ) x
defined by f(x) = is rational function. The domain of any function.
Q(x)
On the other hand, the functions defined in (c) and (d) are 2x – 3x = -10 Combining similar terms
not rational functions. Since f(x) = √ 3 x can be written as f(x) = -x = -10 adding similar terms.
1 x = 10 Dividing both sides by -1
(3 x) 2 and ½ is not an integer. f(x) = √ 3 x is not a polynomial you can also apply cross-multiplication to obtain the same result for
function. Consequently, it is not a ration function. The same x.
explanation applies for the function defined in (d). x+5 3
Generally, functions which permit addition, subtraction, =
2x 4
multiplication, and division, and which allow negative and rational
exponents, are called algebraic functions. EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Exercise: determine whether each of the following is a rational To simplify rational equations, apply the CRAM method.
C – clear all fractions by multiplying both sides of the equation by the
function, if it is not a rational function, explain why. LCD of the terms.
1. f(x) = 3x3 – 4x2 + 5x – 1 R – Remove all grouping symbols, if there is any
x A – Add or subtract similar terms

2. f(x) =
x−1
x3
M – Multiply or divide both sides by the numerical coefficient of the
variable, leaving only the variable on the left side of the equation with
3. f(x) = 1 coefficient equal to 1. Then, check the result.
(2 x−4 ) 2

Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities


A rational equation is an equation indication that tow
expressions, with at least one term written as a fraction, are equal.
The CRAM method can be used to simplify rational
equations. 4x + 20 = 6x by cross multiplication
4x – 6x = -20 combining similar terms by transposition
x+5 3 -2x = -20 adding similar terms
Example 1: solve for x in the equation = x = 10 dividing both sides by -2
2x 4
Solution: Clear all fractions by multiplying both sides by the LCD x +2 x−2
Example 2: solve for x in the equation = .
of the terms 4x. x+ 4 x+ 2
Solution: multiply both sides of the equation by the LCD which is
x+ 5 3
4x[( )()
2x
=
4
]4x (x+4)(x+2).
2(x+5) = 3x
2x + 10 = 3x Removing the grouping symbols
( x +4 )( x +2 ) ([ xx+2+4 )]=[( x−2
x +2 ) ]
( x + 4 ) ( x+2 )
( x +2 )( x +2 ) = ( x−2 ) ( x+ 4 ) 2 x2 +3 x−2=0 combining similar terms
x 2+ 4 x +4=x 2 +2 x−8 applying FOIL method ( 2 x−1 )( x +2 )=0 Factoring the quadratic trinomial
2 x=−12 adding similar terms Equate both factors to 0 and then solve for x
x=−6 dividing both sides by 2 2x – 1 = 0 x+2=0
you can also apply cross multiplication to obtain the same result. 2x = 1 x = -2
Solution: 1
x=
(x+4)(x-2) = (x+2)(x+2) by cross multiplication 2
x 2+ 2 x−8 = x 2+ 4 x +4 by applying FOIL method therefore, the values of x are ½ and -2.
-2x = 12 by combining like terms 1 4
Example 4: find the solution of 2 +1= 2 .
x = -6 by dividing both sides by -2 x +x x +x
Solution:
x−4 4 x +5 1+ x 2+ x =4 multiplying both sides by ( x ¿¿ 2+ x)¿
Example 3: find x in the equation − =0
−2 2 x +3 x 2+ x−3=0 combining similar terms
Solution: start by multiplying both sides of the equation by the Since the resulting quadratic equation cannot be factored,
LCD, which is -2(2x+3). you may apply the quadratic formula to solved for the value(s) of x.
In x 2+ x−3=0 ,a=1 , b=1 ,∧c=−3
−b ± √ b2−4 ac −1± √ 12−4 (1)(−3)
x= x=
Rational Inequality 2a 2(1)
A rational inequality is one which can be written in any of from −1± √ 1+12
x=
below. 2
−1± √ 13
x=
p (x) p ( x) p ( x) p ( x) 2
≥0 >0 ≤0 <0
q(x) q(x) q(x) q(x) −1+ √ 13 −1−√ 13
Thus, the values of x are and
2 2
Where q(x) ≠ 0 Some rational equations involve complex fractions. You may need
to apply a series of algebraic rules to arrive at the solution of the
equation.
2 x 3 x−1
−2 ( 2 x +3 ) ([ x−4
−2 )−
4 x +5
2 x+ 3 ]
= 0 [ −2 ( 2 x +3 ) ] Example 1: Solve the inequality
5
+
2
>9

( 2 x+3 )( x−4 ) −(−2 )( 4 x +5 )=0 Solution:


2 ( 2 x ) +5 ( 3 x−1 )> 90 multiplying both sides of the inequality by 10
2 x3 −8 x+3 x−12+8 x +10=0 applying multiplication of
4 x+15 x−5> 90 distributive property of multiplication
polynomials
19 x> 95 combining similar terms
x >5 dividing both sides by 19 Students’ activity: Solve each rational equation and inequalities.
The inequality is true for all x > 5. Therefore the solution is 4 3 x2 +2 x−48 1 v−2
1. = 2. 2 = +
(5,+∞). x x−2 x +6 x +8 x +4 v +2
x+2 3 2 x+3
Example 2: find the solution set of <4. 3. = 4. +1>0
x x−1 x−2 x
Solution: start by making the right side of the inequality equal to x−4 1
5. ≤
zero (which is the standard form of inequality). Then, simplify the x−8 2
left side of the inequality, and solve for x.
x+2 2−3 x
−4< 0 <0
x x
Observe that the right side of the inequality must be less than zero.
Therefore, the numerator and the denominator must have opposite
signs to obtain a value less than zero. This leads to two cases:
Case 1: the numerator is less than zero, and the denominator is
greater than zero.
2−3 x <0∧x> 0
−3 x ←2
2
x>
3
2 2
( )
By the intersection of the intervals, this result in x > ∨ , ∞
3 3
Case 2: the numerator is greater than zero and the denominator is
less than zero.
2−3 x >0∧x< 0
−3 x>−2
2
x<
3
Thus, by the intersection of their intervals, x <0∨(−∞ , 0).
Therefore, the solution set is the union of
2 2
x > ∧x<0∨(−∞ ,0) ∪ ,+ ∞
3 3 ( )

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