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Biomaterial Classifications of Biomaterials Based On Composition

This document discusses biomaterials, which are materials used in medical applications that interact with biological systems. It classifies biomaterials based on their composition into metals, polymers, ceramics, and natural composites. Metals are commonly used for load-bearing implants while polymers are versatile and can be molded into many shapes. Ceramics are less prominent but include materials like aluminum oxides. Biomaterials must be biocompatible, meaning they do not produce toxic substances and are compatible with body tissues. Surface modifications are often used to make materials more biocompatible and resistant to corrosion. Common biomaterial applications include implants, prosthetics, and tissue engineering scaffolds.

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Gian Banares
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16 views

Biomaterial Classifications of Biomaterials Based On Composition

This document discusses biomaterials, which are materials used in medical applications that interact with biological systems. It classifies biomaterials based on their composition into metals, polymers, ceramics, and natural composites. Metals are commonly used for load-bearing implants while polymers are versatile and can be molded into many shapes. Ceramics are less prominent but include materials like aluminum oxides. Biomaterials must be biocompatible, meaning they do not produce toxic substances and are compatible with body tissues. Surface modifications are often used to make materials more biocompatible and resistant to corrosion. Common biomaterial applications include implants, prosthetics, and tissue engineering scaffolds.

Uploaded by

Gian Banares
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gr.

8 3ChE-C
Sy, Jemmica Charisse Tanglao, Erin Jasse Tan, Maria Kassandra Vinzons, Julian Zabala, Kiervin

Biomaterial Classifications of Biomaterials based on


- It is any matter, surface, or composition:
construct that interacts with 1. Metals
biological systems. - These are the most commonly used
- Are employed in components biomaterial because of their load
implanted into the human body for bearing ability.
replacement of diseased or damaged - This property makes metals ideal
body parts. for such current procedures such as
- These materials must not produce total hip replacement and knee
toxic substances and must be implants
compatible with body tissues
2. Polymers
Biocompatibility - These are one of the most versatile
- It is the property that distinguishes a biomaterials.
biomaterial from any other material - They are implemented in everything
- It is the ability of a material to
from scaffolds for tissue
perform with an appropriate host
engineering to PLGA (Poly Lactic
response in a specific application.
Glycolic Acid) for medicines.
Materials that can be a Biomaterial: - They can also be molded to fit
Engineering Materials (Man-made): almost any size or shape.
 Metals
 Plastics 3. Ceramics
 Ceramics - These are not as prominent as
 Semiconductors biomaterials such as metals and
 Composites polymers.
- Most frequently used ceramic
Biological Material (Nature-made)
implant materials include aluminum
 Bone
 Skin oxides, calcium phosphates, and
 Seashell apatite and graphite. Glasses have
 Wood also been developed for medical
 Rubber applications.

4. Natural Composites
Characteristics of Biomaterials - Are those which are not
 Hard Material synthetically produced.
 Flexible Material
- These materials have the advantage
 Unreactive to tissues in the body
that they are naturally similar to the
 Non-toxic to the body
molecules in the body.
 Long-term replacement must not be
biodegradable - One of the most widely used
biomaterials is collagen. It is the
most prevalent protein in the animal
world.
Applications of Biomaterials Some examples of biomaterials:
Biomaterials science encompasses:  Aesthetic implants
 Medicine  Pacemakers
 Biology  Skin repair devices (artificial tissue)
 Chemistry  Vascular grafts
 Tissue engineering   Joint replacements
 Materials science
Biomaterial Surface Modifications
Its function may be: - Used to make the materials like
 Benign metals, alloys, plastics and ceramics
- Having little or no detrimental to be nonreactive chemically and
effect (e.g. heart valve) physically with the body.
 Bioactive
- Affects surface energy, adhesion,
- Interacts with the surrounding bone
(e.g. hydroxyapatite-coated dental biocompatibility, chemical
implant) inertness, susceptibility to
corrosion, etc.
As a transplant material:
 Autograft Two ways to modify surface:
- It is the transplant of tissue to the  Plasma modification
same person (e.g. trunk to arm) - A way to alter the surface of a
material by subjecting the material
 Allograft  with high levels of excited gases.
- It is a transplant of an organ or
tissue between two genetically non-  Coating
identical members of the - Altering the surface properties of a
same species (e.g. Mr Smith to Mr biomaterial by coating the surface
Jones)
- Improves biocompatibility
 Xenograft - Corrosion protection
- It is a transplant of organs or tissues - Hydrophilic coatings
from one species to another (e.g.
monkey to man). Examples of coating:
 Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)
Some commonly used biomaterials: - Used to reduce friction in
 Silicone rubber biomaterial application such as in
 Dacron arterial grafts, catheters, and guide
 Cellulose wire coatings.
 Polyurethanes
 Hydrogels  Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
 Stainless steel - PEEK has high wear resistance and
 Titanium low moisture absorption.
 Alumina
 Hydroxyapatite
 Collagen (reprocessed)

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