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    Hospitalization. Agents For: Aeruginosa

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    Jiezl Abellano Afinidad
    Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. There are several classifications of pneumonia including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) which occurs outside of hospitals, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) which develops more than 48 hours after admission, and pneumonia in immunocompromised patients which can be caused by less virulent organisms. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, and testing sputum or blood samples. Treatment focuses on restoring fluid balance, improving breathing, and administering antibiotics.

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    Hospitalization. Agents For: Aeruginosa

    Uploaded by

    Jiezl Abellano Afinidad
    31 views4 pages
    Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. There are several classifications of pneumonia including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) which occurs outside of hospitals, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) which develops more than 48 hours after admission, and pneumonia in immunocompromised patients which can be caused by less virulent organisms. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, and testing sputum or blood samples. Treatment focuses on restoring fluid balance, improving breathing, and administering antibiotics.

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    PNEUMONIA

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    Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. There are several classifications of pneumonia including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) which occurs outside of hospitals, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) which develops more than 48 hours after admission, and pneumonia in immunocompromised patients which can be caused by less virulent organisms. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, and testing sputum or blood samples. Treatment focuses on restoring fluid balance, improving breathing, and administering antibiotics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    31 views4 pages

    Hospitalization. Agents For: Aeruginosa

    Uploaded by

    Jiezl Abellano Afinidad
    Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. There are several classifications of pneumonia including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) which occurs outside of hospitals, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) which develops more than 48 hours after admission, and pneumonia in immunocompromised patients which can be caused by less virulent organisms. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, and testing sputum or blood samples. Treatment focuses on restoring fluid balance, improving breathing, and administering antibiotics.

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    PNEUMONIA

    Pneumonia is one of the most common respiratory problems and it affects all stages of life.

    Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms, including


    bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses.

    Pneumonitis is a more general term that describes the inflammatory process in the lung tissue that may
    predispose and place the patient at risk for microbial invasion.

    Classification of Pneumonia:

    1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)


    2. Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
    3. Pneumonia in the Immunocompromised Host
    4. Aspiration Pneumonia.

    1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)


    a. CAP occurs either in the community setting or within the first 48 hours after
    hospitalization.
    b. The causative agents for CAP that needs hospitalization
    include streptococcus pneumoniae, H.  influenza, Legionella, and Pseudomonas
    aeruginosa.
    2. Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
    a. HAP is also called nosocomial pneumonia and is defined as the onset of pneumonia
    symptoms more than 48 hours after admission in patients with no evidence of infection
    at the time of admission.
    b. Common microorganisms that are responsible for HAP include Enterobacter
    species, Escherichia coli, influenza, Klebsiella species, Proteus, Serratia marcescens, S.
    aureus, and S. pneumonia.
    3. Ventilator-Acquired Pneumonia
    a. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is pneumonia that develops 48 hours or longer
    after mechanical ventilation is given by means of an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy.
    b. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) results from the invasion of the lower
    respiratory tract and lung parenchyma by microorganisms.
    4. Pneumonia in the Immunocompromised Host
    a. Pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts includes Pneumocystis pneumonia, fungal
    pneumonias and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
    b. Patients who are immunocompromised commonly develop pneumonia from organisms
    of low virulence.
    5. Aspiration Pneumonia
    a. refers to the pulmonary consequences resulting from entry of endogenous or
    exogenous substances into the lower airway.
    b. Common pathogens are S. pneumonia, H.influenza, and S. aureus.

    PNEUMONIA: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    PNEUMONIA: Clinical Manifestations of Pneumonia
    1. Systemic:
    a. High fever
    b. Chills
    2. Central:
    a. Headaches
    b. Loss of appetite
    c. Mood swings
    3. Skin:
    a. Clamminess
    b. Blueness
    4. Lungs:
    a. Cough with sputum or phlegm
    b. Shortness of breath
    c. Pleuritic chest pain
    d. Hemoptysis
    5. Vascular:
    a. Low blood pressure
    6. Heart:
    a. High heart rate
    7. Gastric:
    a. Nausea
    b. Vomiting
    8. Muscular:
    a. Fatigue
    b. Aches
    9. Joints:
    a. Pain

    Pneumonia: Assessment and Diagnostic Findings


     History taking
     Physical examination
     Chest x-ray
     Fiberoptic bronchoscopy
     ABGs/pulse oximetry
     Gram stain/culture
     CBC
     Serologic studies, pulmonary function studies
     Electrolytes
     Bilirubin
     Percutaneous aspiration/open biopsy of lung tissues

    Pneumonia: Medical Management


     Blood culture
     Administration of macrolides
     Administration of antipyretics
     Administration of antitussives
     Bed rest
     Oxygen administration
     Pulse oximetry
     Aggressive respiratory measures
    PNEUMONIA: Nursing Diagnosis
    1. Ineffective airway clearance
    2. Activity intolerance
    3. Risk for deficient fluid volume

    PNEUMONIA: Nursing Care Planning & Goals


     Improve airway patency
     Rest to conserve energy
     Maintenance of proper fluid volume
     Maintenance of adequate nutrition
     Understanding of treatment protocol and preventive measures
     Absence of complications

    PNEUMONIA: Nursing Interventions


    A. To improve airway patency:
     Removal of secretions.
     Humidification may loosen secretions and improve ventilation.
     Coughing exercises. 
     Chest physiotherapy. 
    B. To promote rest and conserve energy:
     Encourage avoidance of overexertion and possible exacerbation of symptoms.
     Semi-Fowler’s position.
    C. To promote fluid intake:
     Fluid intake. 
    D. To maintain nutrition:
     Fluids with electrolytes.
     Nutrition-enriched beverages.
    E. To promote patient’s knowledge:
     Instruct patient and family about the cause of pneumonia, management of symptoms,
    signs, and symptoms, and the need for follow-up.
     Instruct patient about the factors that may have contributed to the development of the
    disease.

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