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Optical Characterization of Red Methyl Doped Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Films

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 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-4, April 2014

Optical Characterization of Red Methyl Doped Poly

(Vinyl Alcohol) Films

Sabah A. Salman, Muhammad H. Abdu-allah, Nabeel A. Bakr

 high purity (99.999%) were used as matrix polymeric
Abstract— The effect of doping by (red methyl) on the materials in this work, the aqueous solution of this polymer
absorption spectra and the optical energy gap of poly (vinyl was prepared by dissolving PVA with different weight in a
alcohol) PVA films have been studied. The optical transmittance mixed of deionizer water and ethanol and thoroughly stirred
(T %) in the wavelength range (190-1100) nm of films deposited using a magnetic stirrer for about one hour at room
by using solvent casting method was measured. The absorbance
temperature until PVA was completely soluble. Red methyl
data reveals that the doping affected the absorption edge as a
red shift in its values. The films show indirect allowed interband
solution was prepared by dissolving the salt in redistilled
transitions that influenced by the doping, the optical energy gap water. (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) concentrated of red methyl were
has been decreased from about (4.49 eV) before doping to about mixed with PVA matrix. The solution was poured into flat
(4.16 eV), (3.62 eV), (3.41 eV) and (3.19 eV) after doping. glass plate dishes. Homogenous films were obtained after
Optical constants like refractive index, extinction coefficient and drying in an oven for (24 hours) at (313K).
real and imaginary part of dielectric constant calculated and The thickness of the films was in the range of (30 ± 0.05)
correlated with doping. µm by using micrometer and the average area was (2.5 x 2.5)
cm2. The absorbance and transmittance measurements were
Index Terms— Polyvinyl alcohol films, casting method, carried out using a Shimadzu UV/VIS-160A double beam
optical properties, red methyl, doping effect.
spectrophotometer in the wavelength range (190-1100) nm.
I. INTRODUCTION
Poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA is one of the most important III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
polymeric materials as it has many applications in industry
and is of relatively low cost [1]. PVA is a potential material The study of the optical absorption spectrum is one of the
having a very high dielectric strength, good charge storage most productive methods in developing and understanding
capacity and dopant-dependent electrical and optical the structure and optical energy gap of polymers. The
properties. It was reported that the water content in the PVA UV-VI-NIR absorbance spectra of pure as well as red methyl
based electrolyte enhanced the conductivity while preserving (rm) doped PVA are shown in the figure (1). It was found that
the dimensional stability of the electrolyte [2]. the absorption edge shifts towards lower energies due to
Over recent years PVA polymers have attracted
attention due to their variety of applications. The physical
properties of polymers may be affected by doping, On the
other hand, red methyl is interesting in terms of optical,
electronic and UV-absorbing properties and shows promise
for a variety of applications including self-cleaning, UV
blocking, purification and antibacterial applications [3].
In this research we try to combine the features of
organic materials with those of inorganic materials such as
poly (vinyl alcohol) PVA – red methyl composites in order to
study some optical characteristics of the above composites.

II. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

doping (red shift). Furthermore, the transmittance was found
to decrease with doping by red methyl (rm) as shown in figure
Poly (vinyl alcohol) PVA with molecular weight (2).
(10000g/mol), supplied by (BDH chemicals, England) with
Fig. (1): Absorbance spectra of (PVA: red methyl).
Manuscript received April 12, 2014.
Sabah A. Salman, Department of Physics, College of Science,
University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq. The following relation could be use for calculating the
Muhammad H. Abdu-allah, Department of Physics, College of Science, absorption coefficient (α) [4]:
University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq.
Nabeel A. Bakr, Department of Physics, College of Science, University
of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq .

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 Optical Characterization of Red Methyl Doped Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Films

2.303A
 ------------- (1) Fig. (4): Absorption Coefficient of (PVA: red methyl).
t
Figure (5) shows the plot of the product of absorption
coefficient and photon energy (αhf)1/2 versus the photon
energy at room temperature shows a linear behavior, which
can be considered as an evidence for indirect allowed
transition. Extrapolation of the linear portion of this curve to a
point (αhf)1/2 = 0 gives the optical energy band gap (Eg) for the
films. The existence and variation of optical energy band gap
(Eg) with the photon energy, as the red methyl increased (0% ,
2%,4% ,6%, 8%) we obtained optical energy band gap of
(4.49, 4.16, 3.62, 3.41, 3.19) eV, respectively, may be
explained by invoking the occurrence of local cross linking
within the amorphous phase of the polymer, in such a way as
to increase the degree of ordering in these parts [7]. In general
optical energy band gap decreases with doping percentages.
Where (A) is the absorbance and (t) is the film thickness.
Fig. (2): Transmission spectra of (PVA: red methyl).
Fig. (5): Optical energy band gap of (PVA: red methyl).
Figure (3) shows the reflectance spectra for all the prepared
samples.

The refractive index (no) of the films can be determined

from the following equation [8]:

1 R 4R
Fig. (3): Reflectance spectra of (PVA: red methyl). no  ( )   Ko
2

1 R (1  R) 2
------------- (2)

Figure (4) shows the dependence of the absorption coefficient

(α) on the photon energy for the samples. One can see from Where (R) is the reflectance and (ko) is the extinction
these figures that the absorption coefficient of the films is coefficient.
characterized by strong absorption at the higher photon Figure (6) shows the variation of refractive index (n°) with
energy region between (5-6.3) nm. In the shorter wavelength photon energy, for all samples refractive index is behavior
the absorption coefficient exhibits high values (α ˂ 104 cm-1) similar to reflectance. This figure reveals a tendency for an
which means that there is a large probability of the indirect increase in refractive index with doping. The variation of
allowed transition [5]. The marked increase of the absorption refractive index in investigated frequency range shows that
coefficient at higher energies may be attributed to extra some interactions take places between photons and electrons.
transition from the bonding molecular orbit to anti bonding Refractive index changes with variation of the wavelength of
molecular orbit [6]. the incident light beam are due to these interactions [9].

127 www.erpublication.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-4, April 2014

Fig. (6): Refractive Index of (PVA: red methyl).

Fig. (8): Real part of dielectric constant of
The extinction coefficient (k°) represents the imaginary part (PVA: red methyl).
of complex refractive index and it can be defined as the
amount of energy losing as a result of interaction between the
light and the charge of medium [10].
From figure (7), the behavior of extinction coefficient is
increases with increasing red methyl concentration because it
is directly proportional to the absorption coefficient as see in
relation [11]:

  ------------- (3)
ko 
4 

Where (λ) is the wavelength of the incident photon.

Fig. (9): Imaginary part of dielectric Constant of

(PVA: red methyl).

IV. CONCLUSIONS

Based on the experimental results obtained the following

conclusions can be drawn:
1- The doping process decreases the transmittance.
2- The type of electronic transition was indirect allowed
transition.
Fig. (7) Extinction Coefficient of (PVA: red methyl). 3- In general energy band gap (Eg) decreases with doping.
4- Refractive index (n°), extinction coefficient (k°), real (r)
The variation of the real (r) and imaginary (i) parts of the and imaginary (i) parts of the dielectric constant
dielectric constant values versus wavelength in the range increases with doping.
(190–1100) nm are shown in Figures (8 and 9). The behavior
of (r ) is similar to that of (no) because the smaller value of
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