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    Diversion Head Work

    Uploaded by

    Shahid Røckzz
    The document discusses diversion head works, which divert river water into canals. Key components include weirs or barrages across rivers to raise water levels, under-sluices to bypass excess water, divide walls to separate under-sluices, and canal head regulators with gates to regulate water flow into canals. Silt excluders help exclude silt from entering canals. The objective is to regulate silt-free water supply into canals while controlling water levels and silt entry. Fish ladders are also included to allow migratory fish to travel upstream.

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    Diversion Head Work

    Uploaded by

    Shahid Røckzz
    191 views6 pages
    The document discusses diversion head works, which divert river water into canals. Key components include weirs or barrages across rivers to raise water levels, under-sluices to bypass excess water, divide walls to separate under-sluices, and canal head regulators with gates to regulate water flow into canals. Silt excluders help exclude silt from entering canals. The objective is to regulate silt-free water supply into canals while controlling water levels and silt entry. Fish ladders are also included to allow migratory fish to travel upstream.

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    Diversion head work

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    Diversion head work

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    The document discusses diversion head works, which divert river water into canals. Key components include weirs or barrages across rivers to raise water levels, under-sluices to bypass excess water, divide walls to separate under-sluices, and canal head regulators with gates to regulate water flow into canals. Silt excluders help exclude silt from entering canals. The objective is to regulate silt-free water supply into canals while controlling water levels and silt entry. Fish ladders are also included to allow migratory fish to travel upstream.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    191 views6 pages

    Diversion Head Work

    Uploaded by

    Shahid Røckzz
    The document discusses diversion head works, which divert river water into canals. Key components include weirs or barrages across rivers to raise water levels, under-sluices to bypass excess water, divide walls to separate under-sluices, and canal head regulators with gates to regulate water flow into canals. Silt excluders help exclude silt from entering canals. The objective is to regulate silt-free water supply into canals while controlling water levels and silt entry. Fish ladders are also included to allow migratory fish to travel upstream.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Diversion head work

    The works, which are constructed at the head of the canal in order to divert the river water
    towards the canal, so as to ensure a regulated continuous supply of silt- free water with a certain
    minimum head into the canal are known as diversion head works.

    Weir and Barrage:

    Weir or barrage is constructed across a perennial river to raise water level and to divert the
    water to canal.

    Normally the water level of any perennial river is such that it cannot be diverted to the irrigation
    canal. The bed level of the canal may be higher than the existing water level of the river. In
    such cases weir is constructed across the river to raise the water level. Surplus water pass over
    the crest of weir. Adjustable shutters are provided on the crest to raise the water level to some
    required height.
    When the water level on the up stream side of the weir is required to be raised to different
    levels at different time, barrage is constructed. Barrage is an arrangement of adjustable gates
    or shutters over the weir.
    In the case of a barrage the crest is kept at a low level and the raising up of water level (or
    ponding) is accomplished mainly by means of gates. During floods these gates can be raised
    clear off the high flood level and thus enable the high flood to pass with minimum of afflux (or
    heading up of water on the upstream side). A barrage provides better control on the water level
    in the river, but it is comparatively more costly.

    Objective of diversion head works


    1) It raises the water level on its upstream side.
    2) It regulates the supply of water into canals.
    3) It controls the entry of silt into canals
    4) It creates a small pond (not reservoir) on its upstream and provides some pondage.
    5) It helps in controlling the fluctuation of water level in river during different
    Components of a diversion headwork
    1) Weir or barrage
    2) Under-sluices
    3) Divide wall
    4) Fish ladder
    5) Canal head regulator
    6) Silt excluders/ Silt prevention devices
    7) River training works (Marginal bunds and guide banks)

    Divide wall or divide groyne


    A divide wall is a long masonry or concrete wall or groyne (an embankment protected on all
    sides by stone or concrete blocks) which is constructed at right angles to the axis of the weir to
    separate the under-sluices from the rest of the weir. If two canals take off, one on either side of
    the river, then two divide walls are required, one on each side. The top width of the divide wall
    is about 1.5 to 2.5m. The divide wall extends on the upstream side up to a distance little beyond
    the beginning of the canal head regulator and on the downstream side up to the end of the loose
    protection of the under-sluices
    The main function served by the divide wall are

    1) It separates the under- sluices from the weir proper. Science the crest level of the under-
    sluices is lower than that of the weir proper, the two must be separated and this is being
    done by the divide wall.
    2) It helps in providing a comparatively less turbulent pocket near the canal head regulator,
    resulting in deposition of silt in this pocket and thus to help in the entry of silt- free
    water into the canal.
    3) Divide wall may keep the cross- current, if at all they are formed, away from the weir.

    Under-sluices or Scouring sluices

    A comparatively less turbulent pocket of water is created near the canal head regulator by
    constructing under- sluice portion of the weir. A divide wall separates the main weir portion
    from the under-sluice portion of the weir. The crest of the under- sluice portion of the weir is
    kept at a lower level than the crest of the normal portion of the weir.

    The under- sluice length of weir or barrage is divided into a number of ways by piers and
    separate gates are installed on these ways. Each way can thus be opened to any desired height
    by lifting its gate. Each way can thus act as a gate controlled opening and will help in bypassing
    the excess supplies to the downstream side of the river. These opening will also help in scouring
    and removing the deposited silt from the under- sluice pocket and hence are also called scouring
    sluice.

    Silt excluder
    Silt excluders are a type of silt control device which functions to exclude silt from water to
    entering the canal. These devices are particularly provided on the river bed in front of the head
    regulator. A silt excluder usually consists of a number of rectangular tunnels resting on the
    floor of the under-sluice pocket. The bottom portion of the tunnels is formed by the floor of
    under-sluice pocket. The top level portion of the roof of tunnel is kept same as the level of the
    crest or sill of the head regulator. The tunnels are constructed with variable lengths. The tunnel
    nearest to the crest is of same length as the length of the head regulator. But all other successive
    tunnels have a decreasing length.
    Canal Head regulator
    It is a structure constructed at the head of a canal from the upstream of the weir or barrage
    constructed. It consists of number of spans separated by piers which supports the gates provided
    for the regulation of water flow to the canal. The spans ranging from 6 to 8 m are used with
    counterbalanced steel gates which are operated manually by winches. Also larger spans are
    used if necessary or the condition is economical.
    River training works
    River training is defined as the various measure adopted on a river to stabilize the river channel
    along a certain cross section for a particular alignment. These measures are adopted because
    the rivers in alluvial plane frequently alter their courses and subsequently cause damage to the
    land and property adjacent to them. Some of the major river training works are explained as
    below:
    Marginal bunds
    Marginal bunds or levees are the earthen embankments which are provided to confine the flood
    water from the river within an allowable cross-section and in between the embankments. Thus
    the spreading of flood water beyond these marginal bunds is prevented.

    Guide banks or Guide bunds


    The guide bunds are also a type of earthen embankments provided to confine the flood water
    of alluvial rivers within a reasonable length of waterway and provide a straight and non-
    tortuous approach towards the constructions works across the river. They are also used to
    prevent the river from changing its course and outflanking the construction work. In India the
    guide banks were first designed by Bell and hence these are also known as Bell’s bunds. The
    initial design by Bell was later modified by Spring and Gales and this modified design is
    commonly adopted these days.

    Fish ladder & Diversion headworks


    Large rivers have various types of fish, many of which are migratory. They move from one
    part of the river to another according to the season. In our country generally fish move from
    upstream to downstream in the beginning of winter in search of warmth and return upstream
    before monsoon for clearer water. Due to the construction of a weir or barrage across the river
    such migration of the fish will be obstructed and if no arrangement is made in the weir or
    barrage for this migration, large scale destruction of the fish life may take place in the river.
    Thus to enable the fish to migrate fish ladder is provided. Since most fish can travel upstream
    only if the velocity of flow does not exceed 3 to 3.5 m/s, the design of the fish ladder should
    be such that it constantly releases water at a velocity not exceeding this value.

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