Maycong, Keen N.

BSBA 1ST major in marketing

Define the following:

BEHAVIOR – Behavior is the range of actions and mannerisms made by

organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with their environment,
which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the physical
environment.
EGO – the part of the mind that mediates between the conscious and the
unconscious and is responsible for reality testing and a sense of personal identity.
ID – is the personality component made up of unconscious psychic energy that
works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires.
BARANGAY – type of early Filipino settlement; the word is derived from
balangay, the name for the sailboats that originally brought settlers of Malay stock
to the Philippines from Borneo. Each boat carried a large family group, and the
master of the boat retained power as leader, or datu, of the village established by
his family.
PERSONALITY – the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
that make a person unique.
ANCIENT AGE – Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the
beginning of writing and recorded human history and extending as far as post-
classical history. The phrase may be used either to refer to the period of time or the
academic discipline
MIDDLE AGE – Middle age is the period of age beyond young adulthood but
before the onset of old age. Though the exact range is disputed, most sources place
middle adulthood between the ages of 45-65. This phase of life is marked by
gradual physical, cognitive, and social changes in the individual as they age.
OLD AGE – Old age refers to ages nearing or surpassing the life expectancy of
human beings, and is thus the end of the human life cycle. Terms and euphemisms
include old people, the elderly, OAPs, seniors, senior citizens, older adults, and the
elders.
STONE AGE – The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone
was widely used to make tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The
period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BCE and
2,000 BCE, with the advent of metalworking.
INDUSTRIAL AGE - The Industrial Age is a period of history that encompasses
the changes in economic and social organization that began around 1760 in Great
Britain and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of
hand tools with power-driven machines such as the power loom and the steam
engine, and by the concentration of industry in large establishments
MODERN AGE – The early modern period of modern history follows the late
Middle Ages of the post-classical era. Although the chronological limits of this
period are open to debate, the timeframe spans the period after the late post-
classical or Middle Ages through the beginning of the Age of Revolutions.
AFRICAN CIVILIZATION – The civilizations usually include Egypt, Carthage,
Axum, Numidia, and Nubia, but may also be extended to the prehistoric Land of
Punt and others: the Empire of Ashanti, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Mali,
Kingdom of Zimbabwe, Songhai Empire, the Garamantes the Empire of Ghana,
Bono state and Kingdom of Benin.
REVOLUTION – In political science, a revolution is a fundamental and relatively
sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the
population revolts against the government, typically due to perceived oppression or
political incompetence.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION – The Scientific Revolution was a series of events
that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period,
when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry
transformed the views of society about nature.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – The Industrial Revolution was the transition to
new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from
between 1760 to 1820 and 1840.[1] This transition included going from hand
production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production
processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power, the development of
machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system. The Industrial
Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION – It is a movement about enlightenment and it
may be initiated during 17th century where people are more driven by the new
discoveries in science and technology and cultural relativism resulting from the
explorations.
21ST CENTURY REVOLUTION - I consider prospects for revolution in the 21st
century, defined here as a thorough-going world revolution that replaces the
capitalist world-system with a feminist-inflected democratic socialism.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – Artificial intelligence is the simulation of
human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific
applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech
recognition and machine vision.
NATURAL SELECTION – Natural selection is the differential survival and
reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism
of evolution, the change in the heritable trait characteristic of a population over
generations.
CIVILIZATION – A civilization is a complex human society, usually made up of
different cities, with certain characteristics of cultural and technological
development.
COPERNICUS – Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer known as the
father of modern astronomy. He was the first modern European scientist to propose
that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun, or the Heliocentric Theory of
the universe
BRONZE AGE – The Bronze Age is a prehistoric period, approximately 3300 BC
to 1200 BC, that was characterized by the use of bronze, in some areas proto-
writing, and other early features of urban civilization.
MIDDLE AGE – In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period
lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries. It began with the fall
of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age
of Discovery.
NEOLITHIC PERIOD – The Neolithic period is the final division of the Stone
Age, with a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen
independently in several parts of the world.
POST-GUTENBERG WORLD – Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the printing
press had an amazing impact on the world. His introduction of moveable type
began the Printing Revolution. I could go on about Johannes, but I wanted to focus
on another Gutenberg today. the new editor in WordPress.
MESO-AMERICAN CIVILIZATION – Mesoamerican civilization, the complex
of indigenous cultures that developed in parts of Mexico and Central America prior
to Spanish exploration and conquest in the 16th century. By 11,000 BCE, hunting-
and-gathering peoples occupied most of the New World south of the glacial ice cap
covering northern North America
ASIAN CIVILIZATIUON – Asia is not only the most populous continent but also
the cradle the world's oldest civilizations. They mainly include the Mesopotamian
civilization in Western Asia, the Indian civilization in South Asia, the Umran
civilization in Central Asia, and the Chinese civilization in East Asia
AFRICAN CIVILIZATION – The civilizations usually include Egypt, Carthage,
Axum, Numidia, and Nubia, but may also be extended to the prehistoric Land of
Punt and others: the Empire of Ashanti, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Mali,
Kingdom of Zimbabwe, Songhai Empire, the Garamantes the Empire of Ghana,
Bono state and Kingdom of Benin.
COMMONWEALTH PERIOD – During the Commonwealth period, tenant
farmers held grievances often rooted to debt caused by the sharecropping system,
as well as by the dramatic increase in population, which added economic pressure
to the tenant farmers' families. As a result, an agrarian reform program was
initiated by the Commonwealth.
21ST CENTURY – the beginning of the 21st century was the rise of a global
economy and Third World consumerism, deepening global concern over terrorism
after September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and increased private enterprise.

SPANISH REGIME – The Spanish colonial period of the Philippines began when
explorer Ferdinand Magellan came to the islands in 1521 and claimed it as a
colony for the Spanish Empire. The period lasted until the Philippine Revolution in
1898.
UPPER-PALEOLITHIC – The Upper Paleolithic or Upper Paleolithic also called
the Late Stone Age is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone
Age. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago the beginning
of the Holocene, according to some theories coinciding with the appearance of
behavioral modernity in early modern humans, until the advent of the Neolithic
Revolution and agriculture.
NEOLITHIC – The Neolithic period is the final division of the Stone Age, with a
wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in
several parts of the world.
MESOLITHIC – The Mesolithic is the Old-World archaeological period between
the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic. The term Epipaleolithic is often used
synonymously, especially for outside northern Europe, and for the corresponding
period in the Levant and Caucasus.
MID-PALEOLITHIC - The Middle Paleolithic is the second subdivision of the
Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. The
term Middle Stone Age is used as an equivalent or a synonym for the Middle
Paleolithic in African archeology. The Middle Paleolithic broadly spanned from
300,000 to 30,000 years ago.
LOWER-PALEOLITHIC- The Middle Paleolithic followed the Lower Paleolithic
and recorded the appearance of the more advanced prepared-core tool-making
technologies such as the Mousterian. Whether the earliest control of fire by
hominins dates to the Lower or to the Middle Paleolithic remains an open question.

Explain the following theories.

DARWINIAN THEORY – Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution
developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others,
stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection
of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete,
survive, and reproduce.
COPERNICAN THEORY – Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer who
proposed a heliocentric system, that the planets orbit around the Sun; that Earth is a
planet which, besides orbiting the Sun annually, also turns once daily on its own
axis; and that very slow changes in the direction of this axis account for the
precession of the equinoxes.
FREUDIAN THEORY – Freudian theory suggests that as children develop, they
progress through a series of psychosexual stages. At each stage, the libido's
pleasure-seeking energy is focused on a different part of the body.
DALTON THEORY – A theory of chemical combination, first stated by John
Dalton in 1803. It involves the following postulates:(1) Elements consist of
indivisible small particles (atoms).(2) All atoms of the same element are identical;
different elements have different types of atom.(3) Atoms can neither be created
nor destroyed.(4) ‘Compound elements’ (i.e. compounds) are formed when atoms
of different elements join in simple ratios to form ‘compound atoms’ (i.e.
molecules).Dalton also proposed symbols for atoms of different elements (later
replaced by the present notation using letters).