N OT

9
Technology and
LivelihoodEducation
Quarter 1, Wk. 1-2- Module 1
NAIL STRUCTURE AND CONDITION

Photos from PxFuel, Photos from PicRepo

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Technology and Livelihood Education- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Lesson 1,Wk.1-2 - Module 1: NAIL STRUCTURE AND CONDITION
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent: Roy Angelo L. Gazo, PhD.,CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Nida O. Branzuela
Reviewers: Dina B. Ramos
Illustrator and Layout Artist:
Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director

Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V

Asst. Regional Director
Roy Angelo E. Gazo, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Nimfa R. Lago,PhD, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD

Members Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
Henry B. Abueva OIC-CID Chief
Blair D. Castillon, EPS-EPP/TLE
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Meriam S. Otarra, PDO II
Charlotte D. Quidlat, Librarian II
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Division of Iligan City
Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City
Telefax: (063)221-6069
E-mail Address: iligan.city@deped.gov.ph
 9
Technology and
Livelihood
Education
NAIL STRUCTURE AND
CONDITION

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private s chools, colleges, and or/ universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at action@ deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About………………………………………………….i

What I Need to Know………………………………………………………….i
How to Learn from this Module…………………………………………….ii
Icons of this Module…………………………………………………………iii

What I Know…………………………………………………………………. iv

Lesson 1 – Nail Structure and Condition…………………………………1

Lesson 1.1 – Nail Structure
What I Need To Know…………………………………………………2
What I Know…………….………………………………………………2
What’s In………………………………………………………………...3
What’s New...……………………………………………………………3
What is it…………………………………………………………...........3
What’s More……………………………………………………………..4
What I Have Learned….………………………………………………..4
What I Can Do…………………………………………………………...5

Lesson 1.2 – Nail Diseases and Disorders

What I Need To Know…………………………………………………. 5

What I Know …………….……………………………………………… 5
What’s In ……………………………………………………………….. 6
What’s New …………………………………………………………….. 6
What is it…..………………………………………………………….7- 10
What’s More . ……………………………………………………………10
What I Have Learned ….……………………………………………….11
What I Can Do……………………………………………………………11

Post Test ...............................................................................................12

Key to Answers ..................................................................................13-14
Summary ……..........................................................................................15
References...............................................................................................15
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About

This module covers the information and facts about Nail structure
and conditions and other essential learning for the students to learn.
This explains a lot about nail structure in order to identify them and
familiarize their functions. It also provide the students the
necessary information and ideas for them to understand better
about the subject matter. This also discusses the probability of
infectious diseases and disorders that a human nail can contract and
how these disorders predict the physical state of one’s body.

Overall, this module will set as a source of learning for the

grade 9 students as they conquer the world of Beauty and Nail care
and in developing their knowledge, skills and values align to the
challenges of the 21st century teaching.

This Module covers the information about Hand Spa Treatment. It covers
the lessons that a Grade 9 student needs to know.

1. Nail structure
2. Nail diseases and disorders

CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates understanding of concepts, principle in
nail structure and conditions.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner independently answers the activities about. nail
structure and conditions.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learner is expected to:

LO1.1. Check the condition of client’s hand.

LO1.2. Identify Nail diseases and disorders.

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How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledg
What’s In e
This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

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This page is intentionally blank
 PRE-TEST: I.MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each item carefully and encircle
the letter of the correct answer among the choices given below.

1. Part of the nail structure that contains nerves and blood vessel
located under the nail root.
a) Skin b) Matrix c) Nerve d) Surgery
2. The portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
a) Eponychium b) Nail walls c) Hyponychium d) Nail grooves

3. Halfmoon shape found at the base of the nail.

a) Cuticle b) Nail root c) Nail bed d) Lunula

4. Visible portion of the nail that is attached to the nail bed.

a) Nail plate b) Nail grooves c) Nail walls d) Nail root

5. The technical term for nail.

a) Onyx b) Onycholysis c) Onconail d) Onyxil
6. Nail grows into the sides of the flesh and may cause infection.
a. Ingrown Nails b. Onychogryposis c. Onycholysis d) Onyxil
7. The nail curvature is increased and enlarged and becomes thicker and curves.
a. Ingrown Nails b. Onychogryposis c. Onycholysis d) Onyxil
8. A loosening of the nail caused by internal disorder, infection or drug
treatment.
a. Ingrown Nails b. Onychogryposis c. Onycholysis d) Onyx
9. Known as tinea unguium or ringworm -an infectious disease caused by a fungus.
a. Onychomycosis b. Onychogryposis c. Onycholysis d) Onyxil

10. A shedding of one or more nails, either in whole or in part.

a. Onycholysis b. Onychoptosis c. Ingrown Nails d) Onyx

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INDENTIFICATION:
Directions: Write the correct word described in each statement below on
the space provided before each item.

_________________1. Reveals that body is not getting enough oxygen. This also indicates
infection in the lungs, such as pneumonia.

_______ 2.. Are wavy ridges caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually
the result of illness or injury.

___________ 3. Hang nails are caused by dry cuticle and loose skin separates
from the cuticle.

____________4. With concave shape usually caused through iron deficiency or

anemia.

____________5. Is a condition in which white spots appear on the nails.

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Lesson Nail Structure and
1 Conditions

Photos from Pikrepo

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 What I Need
to Know

LO 1.1 Check the Condition of Client’s hand.

PRETEST: Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of
your choice in your quiz notebook.

1. Part of the nail structure that contains nerves and blood

vessel located under the nail root.
a) Skin b) Matrix c) Nerve d) Surgery
2. The portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
a) Eponychium b) Nail walls c) Hyponychium d) Nail grooves
3. Halfmoon shape found at the base of the nail.
a) Cuticle b) Nail root c) Nail bed d) Lunula
4. Visible portion of the nail that is attached to the nail bed.
a) Nail plate b) Nail grooves c) Nail walls d) Nail root
5. The technical term for nail.
a) Onyx b) Onycholysis c) Onconail d) Onyxil

Our previous lessons gave the information about the different materials tools
and equipment for nail care services and their functions. It explained how those
things are important in performing manicure and pedicure services. It also
discussed the different ways on how to take care of it and gave important ideas
on the proper sanitation, sterilization, and practicing the preventive measures
and safety precautions in using.

The previous learning was essential for our new lesson which is the nail
structure and its condition. Having enough knowledge and information about it
will give better understanding to the next topics.

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 ACTIVITY1: Label Me
Direction: Label the corresponding names of the
part of the human nail. Put your answer
on a piece of paper.

Photo credits. LEARNING MODULE BEAUTY AND NAIL CARE G-9

I want you to read and understand very well about the information
and ideas of the lessons and find out how much you can recall and
how well you do in self-learning by doing the activities onwards.

LESSON 1.1

NAIL STRUCTURE
NAIL - A fingernail is produced by living skin cells in the finger. It is a
plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The main use
of the nail is to protect the fingers and toes.
The characteristics of healthy nails are firm and flexible, slightly
pink in color and the surface is smooth, curved and unspotted, without
any hollows or wavy ridges.

Photo credits. LEARNING MODULE BEAUTY AND NAIL CARE G-9

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 THREE PARTS OF NAIL: Nail Body or Nail Plate, Free Edge, Nail Root

Nail Body - composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes. The

Epidermis in this part has evolved a specialized structure
upon which nails can form.
Free Edge - tip part of the fingernail or toenail
Nail Root - is also known as the germinal matrix, its edge appears as a
white crescent, known as the lunula.

STRUCTURES BENEATH THE NAIL:

Nail Bed - is the skin under the nail plate.

Matrix - part of the nail bed which contains nerves and blood vessels and is
located beneath the nail root..
Lunula - half-moon shape found at the base of the nail where the matrix
connects with the nail
bed
.
STRUCTURES SURROUNDING THE NAIL:

Cuticle - the overlapping skin around the nail

Eponychium - cuticle extension at the base of the nail body which
partly overlaps the lunula.
Hyponychium – portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail
Nail Walls – folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail
Nail Grooves - are slits or tracks in the skin at the side of the nail
Mantle – deep fold of the skin in which the nail root is embedded.

ACTIVITY: Identify Me

Directions: Identify the word/term being described in the

statement. Write the answer in your quiz
notebook.

1. Portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.

2. The skin upon which the nail body or nail plate rests
3. Beginning of nail found at the base and is embedded underneath the skin.
4. Folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail
5. Technical term for the nail

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ACTIVITY: Examine Me

1. Examine your own fingernails. Check its structure and analyze its condition.
What have you observed?
2. Make a short RAP SONG based on the questions mention above.

ACTIVITY : In your next lesson, you have to study why some people have nail
problems.

Answer these questions :

1. Have you seen somebody who has nail disorder? Nail problem?
2. What do you think are the causes of it?

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 LO1.2 Identify the Nail Diseases and Disorders

ACTIVITY: Match Me

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the

correct answer in your quiz notebook.

Column A Column B
1. Leuconychia a) ingrown nails
2. Onychocryptosis b) inflammation of the skin around the nail
3. Onycholysis c) wavy ridges
4. Paronychia d) shredding of one or more nails
5. Koilonychia e) bitten nails
6. Onychophagy f) white spots
7. Onychoptosis g) an overgrowth of the nail in thickness
8. Onychomycosis h) spoon nails
9. Corrugations i) ringworm of the nails
10. Onychauxis j) loosening of the nail

We have already discussed the previous lessons that provided us the

information about nail structures and conditions. It explained how these things are
significant in our new lesson about nail diseases and disorders. Having enough
knowledge and information about it will give better understanding of our next
topics to be discussed.

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 ACTIVITY: Arrange Me
As you go through the lessons, you will encounter such
terminologies and words. Write the missing letters to complete the
word puzzle.

1. N _ _ L

5. M _ S S _ _ E

2. BL _ ISH NA _ L
5. AN _ _ SE _ T _ C

3. BR _ I _ ED N _ _ L S _ LU _ TI _ _

Photo credits. LEARNING MODULE BEAUTY AND NAIL CARE G-9 and Wikimedia

LESSON 1.2

NAIL DISEASES AND DISORDER

Human nails are sometimes unattended, and this causes diseases and
disorders. Without proper care and hygiene, bad bacteria or accidents will damage
your nails.

TRIVIA : Your nails reveals an overall look of your health. Onychosis refer to
any disease, disorder or condition of the nails.

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 Fungi - are plant organisms that live on dead, decaying or living
matter. Some fungi are capable of causing serious infections but some
are harmful and beneficial.

Pus - a thick yellowish or greenish opaque liquid produced in infected

tissue, consisting of dead white blood cells and bacteria with tissue
debris and serum.

A. Nail Disorders

Nail Disorders – are condition caused by injury to the nails,

diseases or imbalances in the body.

Treatment/
Name Of The Description/ Care/ Pictures
Nail Disorder Definition
Prevention
Appear blue in color which
It is
reveals that body is not recommended
getting enough oxygen. to see a physician
This also indicates but can also be
Bluish
infection in the lungs, such given manicure
Nails
as pneumonia. Some with care and light
heart problems can also pressure.
be associated with bluish
nails.
The result of trauma to the
Bruised nail plate. This causes This can be treated
Nails injury to nail, blood by not applying
becomes trapped under pressure on nail
nail. There is discoloration plate.
under the nail.
Corrugations It is
recommended
Wavy ridges caused by
to buff the nails
uneven growth of the nails,
carefully to help
usually the result of illness
remove or
or injury.
minimize the
ridges.

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 Treatment/
Name of the Description/
Care/ Pictures
nail disorder Definition
Prevention

Hangnails Split cuticles; loose skin This may be

separates from the cuticle. trimmed with cuticle
This is caused by dry nippers, moisturize
cuticle and environmental. and apply cuticle oil.

Koilony- Nails with a concave It is recommended

chia or shape usually caused to file nails carefully
Spoon Nails through iron deficiency with no pressure
anemia. These nails
show raised ridges and and use nail polish
are thin and concave. to harden and
protect nail.
Leuconychia A condition in which The white spots on
white the fingernail will
spots appear on the nails gradually diminish
but do not indicate if you start taking
disease and as the zinc in daily food.
nails grow, these white Limit the usage of
spots eventually nail enamels and
disappear. polish to certain
occasions.
Onychorr Caused by injury to It is recommended
the to soften nails
hexis or
finger, improper filing or before trimming
Split / exposure to harsh and use daily
brittle chemicals. Dry, brittle moisturizers or
Nails nails have revealed have oil manicures.
thyroid diseases.
Onychauxis An overgrowth of the nail, File the nail smooth
usually in thickness rather and buff with
than length caused by a pumice powder.
local infection and can
also be hereditary. This
condition may be
given nail services if
infection is not present.
Onychatro- An atrophy or wasting File the nail smooth
phia away of the nail plate with the fine side of
which causes it to lose its the emery board.
luster, become smaller Protect your hands
and sometimes shed from over exposure
entirely. Injury or to water,
disease may account for detergents, and
this irregularity. other chemicals.

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Onycho- Caused by nervous habit and It is recommended
phagy or stress related. it is a sign of that the client
Bitten persistent anxiety that could receives frequent
Nails benefit from treatment. This has manicure.
also been linked to obsessive – Do not bite your
compulsive. nails.
Ptery- The inward advance of skin Never attempt to
gium over the nail plate. This remove pterygium,
results in the loss of the nail instead, consult a
plate due to the development physician for
of scar tissue. Cortisone is advice and
used to prevent the treatment. It is also
advancement of scar tissue. suggested to have
oil manicures.
Photo credits. LEARNING MODULE BEAUTY AND NAIL CARE G-9

B. Nail Diseases

Nail Diseases – are problems of nails from fungal and bacterial infections to
other causes of nail abnormalities.

Treatment/
Name of Nail Definition/
Care/ Pictures
Diseases Description
Prevention
Onychia An inflammation of the Always keep
nail matrix the nails clean
accompanied by pus and use
formation caused by properly
improperly sanitized sanitized
nail implements and implements.
bacterial infections.
Onychocryptosis In this condition, the It is
or Ingrown Nails nail grows into the recommended
sides of the flesh and to cut the nails
may cause infection. properly and
Improper trimming and wear
shaping of nails are comfortable
often responsible for shoes that fit
ingrown nails. perfectly

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 Name of Nail Definition/ Treatment/ Care/
Pictures
Diseases Description Prevention

Onychogryposis A condition in Apply a

which the nail moisturizing cream
curvature is on the nails every
increased and time you wash your
enlarged; the nail hands or feet. Nails
becomes thicker should always be
and curves. trimmed and avoid
Extending over the tight fitting foot
tip of the finger or wear.
toe; this condition
results in
inflammation and
pain if the nail
grows into the
skin.
Onycholysis A loosening of the Use an emollient
nail caused by cream after
internal disorder, washing or bathing
infection or drug and try to avoid
treatment. irritants such as
nail polish remover
and enamel or
solvents and
cleaning agents.

Onychomycosis Also known as Keep the nails dry

tinea unguium or and clean, use an
ringworm of the antifungal foot
nails is an spray or powder
infectious disease and avoid cutting
caused by a the skin around the
fungus which toenails since this
commonly may be an entry
appears in whitish point for infection.
patches that can
be scraped off
from the surface.

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Name of Nail Definition/ Treatment/ Care/
Pictures
Diseases Description Prevention
Onychoptosis Shedding of one or Always wear
more nails, either in properly fitted
whole or in part. It footwear that
can occur during or offer your toes
after certain diseases lots of space and
of the body, such as dry nails
syphilis, as a result of thoroughly.
fever and system
upsets, as a reaction
to prescription drugs,
or as a result of
trauma.
Paronychia An inflammation of keep your hands
the skin around the and feet dry and
nail caused by clean, wear
bacteria. The rubber gloves
symptoms are with an absorbent
redness, swelling, cotton lining if
and tenderness of the your hands are
tissue surrounding exposed routinely
the nail. to water or harsh
chemicals and
avoid cutting your
cuticles or
pushing them
back.

ACTIVITY: Recognize Me
Direction: Identify if it is a nail diseases or a nail disorder. Write NDS – Nail
Disease and NDR – Nail Disorder. Write your answers on the spaces provided
before the number.

_____1. Hang Nails _______6. Paronychia

_____2. Bruised Nails _______7. Pterygium
_____3. Onychia _______8. Bluish Nails
_____4. Bitten Nails _______9. Onychogryposis
_____5. Onycholysis ______10. Brittle Nails
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ACTIVITY: Fill Me In

Direction: Fill in the correct word/words to complete each statement

about nail disorder. Write your answers on the spaces provided.

1. _______reveals that body is not getting enough oxygen. This also

indicates infection in the lungs, such as pneumonia.
2._______ are wavy ridges caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually
the result of illness or injury.
2. Hang nails are and loose skin separates from the cuticle. This is
caused by dry cuticle.

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 4. _or spoon nails are with concave shape usually caused through iron
deficiency or anemia.
5. __ is a condition in which white spots appear on the nails

ACTIVITY: Compose Me

Try to check the nails of the members of your family. Make a short
paragraph of your observations and give some suggestions on the proper care of the
nails to avoid diseases. Write your answer in a long bond paper.

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 POST TEST:

To assess whether you really understood the overall

lesson above, answer the following activities below:

MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Nail grows into the sides of the flesh and may cause infection.
a. Ingrown Nails b. Onychogryposis c. Onycholysis

2. The nail curvature is increased and enlarged and becomes thicker and curves.
a. Ingrown Nails b. Onychogryposis c. Onycholysis

3. A loosening of the nail caused by internal disorder, infection or drug treatment.

a. Ingrown Nails b. Onychogryposis c. Onycholysis

4. Known as tinea unguium or ringworm -an infectious disease caused by a fungus.

a. Ingrown Nails b. Onychogryposis c. Onycholysis

5. A shedding of one or more nails, either in whole or in part.

a. Onycholysis b. Onychoptosis c. Ingrown Nails

6. Part of the nail structure that contains nerves and blood vessel located under the
nail root.
a) Skin b) Matrix c) Nerve

7. The portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.
a) Eponychium b) Nail walls c) Hyponychium

8. Halfmoon shape found at the base of the nail.

a) Cuticle b) Nail root c) Lunula

9. Visible portion of the nail that is attached to the nail bed.

a) Nail plate b) Nail walls c) Nail root

10. The technical term for nail.

a) Onyx b) Onycholysis c) Onconail

15
IDENTIFICATION:

Directions: Identify the term/s being describe in the statement below. Write your
answer on the space provided before each item.

__________1. Reveals that body is not getting enough oxygen. This also indicates
infection in the lungs, such as pneumonia.

_____ 2. A wavy ridges caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result
of illness or injury.

__________ 3. Hang nails are caused by dry cuticle and loose skin separates from
the cuticle.

___________4. With concave shape usually caused through iron deficiency or

anemia.

___________5. Is a condition in which white spots appear on the nails.

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ANSWER KEY

PRETEST: LO1.1 PRE TEST- WHAT I LO1.2 PRE TEST – WHAT I

KNOW KNOW
TEST I 1. B. 1. F
2. C. 2. A
1. B 3. D. 3. J
2. C 4. B. 4. B
3. D 5. A. 5. H
4. B 6. E
5. A ACTIVITY 1 – WHATS NEW 7. D
6. A 1. FREE EDGE 8. I
7. B 2. NAIL PLATE 9. C
8. C 3. HYPONESIUM 10. G
9. A 4. LUNULA
10. B 5. CUTICLE WHATS NEW
1. NAIL
TEST II ACTIVITY 1 - WHATS 2. BRUISED NAIL
MORE 3. ANTISEPTIC SOLUTION
1. BLUISH NAILS 1. HYPONYCHIUM 4. MASSAGE
2. CORRUGATIONS 2. NAIL BED 5. BLUISH NAILS
3. SPLIT CUTICLES 3. LUNULA
4. KOILONYCHIA 4. NAIL WALLS WHATS MORE
5. LEUCONYCHIA 5. ONYX 1. NDR
2. NDR
POST TEST: 3. NDS
TEST I 4. NDR
5. NDS
1. A
2. B 6. NDS
3. C 7. NDR
4. A 8. NDR
5. B 9. NDS
6. B. 10. NDR
7. C.
8. D.
9. B.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
10. A.
1. BLUISH NAILS
TEST II 2. CORRUGATIONS
1. BLUISH NAILS 3. SPLIT CUTICLES
2. CORRUGATIONS 4. KOILONYCHIA
3. SPLIT CUTICLES
4. KOILONYCHIA
5. LEUCONYCHIA
5. LEUCONYCHIA

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1
Summary
This Learner’s Resources has been established to attain the main goal in terms
of learner’s deep understanding about the concepts and principles of Nail structure
and conditions. This also provided them enough knowledge and skills that can be
of great help for them to understand the next topics to be discussed.

References
 Beatriz, Adriano A. K To 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and
Livelihood Education Learning Module Beauty Care Services. Bataan : DepEd,
n.d.
 Guardian, Annabel L. K To 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and
Livelihood Education Learning Module Beauty Care Services. Bataan : DepEd,
n.d.
 Pxfuel.com. 2020. Person, Taking, Red, Manicure, Nails, Fingers, Hand,
Female, Woman, Girl | Pxfuel. [online] Available at:
<https://www.pxfuel.com/en/free-photo-jgzsq> [Accessed 12 June 2020].
 Pikrepo.com. 2020. Close Up Of Human Hand With Lemon Nail Art On Denim
Textile | Pikrepo. [online] Available at: <https://www.pikrepo.com/fpmal/close-
up-of-human-hand-with-lemon-nail-art-on-denim-textile> [Accessed 12 June
2020].
 Upload.wikimedia.org. 2020. [online] Available at:
<https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Cleaner_%28Alcohol%2
9.jpg> [Accessed 12 June 2020].

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

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