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K TO 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUMS

ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS and MANAGEMENT

LEARNING MODULES

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
WEEK 1 & 2
September 20 - October 1, 2021
Module 01 (Q1-Week1- 2): Key Concepts of Functions and Rational Functions

I. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1. Represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions.
2. Evaluates a function.
3. Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of functions.
4. Solves problems involving functions.
5. Represents real-life situations using rational functions.
6. Distinguishes rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality.
7. Solves rational equations and inequalities.
8. Represents a rational function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation.
9. Finds the domain and range of a rational function.

II. LESSON PRESENTATION

The given set of ordered pairs below is a relation.

To Note: The domain and range must be written in ascending order.

Illustrative Example 1

Suppose you are working in a fast food company. You earn Php 40 per hour. Your earnings are related to
the number of hours of work.

Questions:

1. How much will you earn if you work 4 hours a day. How about 5 hours? 6 hours? 7 hours? Or 8 hours?
2. Express each in an ordered pairs.
3. Based on your answer in item 2, what is the domain? What is the range?

Solutions:

1. The earning depends on the number of hours worked. An amount of Php 160 is earned for working 4
hours a day, Php 200 for 5 hours, Php 240 for 6hrs, Php 280 for 7 hours and Php 320 in 8 hours.
2. {(4, 160), (5, 200), (6, 240), (7, 280), and (8, 320)}
3. The domain of the relation is {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}. The range of the relation is {160, 200, 240, 280, 320}.

Function - is a relation defined as a set of ordered pairs (𝒙, 𝒚) in which no two or more different ordered
pairs have the same first element (𝒙); that is, each value of 𝒙 corresponds to a unique value of 𝒚.

To Note: A function can be named using any letter of the English alphabet

Functions can be represented in different ways as shown below:

A. Set of ordered pairs

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B. Table of values
This shows the correspondence between a set of values of 𝒙 and a set of values of 𝒚 in tabular form.

C. Mapping Diagram

A correspondence may be classified as one-to-one, many-to-one or one-to-many. It is one-to-one if every

element in the domain is mapped to a unique element in the range, many-to-one if any two or more
elements of the domain are mapped to the same element in the range; or one-to-many if each element in
the domain is mapped to any two or more elements in the range.

To Note: The FIRST element of FUNCTIONS should always have a corresponding pair. If it does not have
any pair then it is not a FUNCTION.

D. Graph

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The vertical line test for a function states that if each vertical line intersects a graph in the 𝒙-𝒚 plane at
exactly one point, then the graph illustrates a function.

E. Equation
Functions and relations can be expressed by means of an equation. We cannot consider an equation a
function if:

1. there is no y in the equation;

2. the exponent of y is an even number;
3. y is in the absolute value symbol; and
4. the relationship is not in the equality form.

The idea of function can also be extended to real-life situations.

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Illustrative Example 2

Consider the following relations below.

Questions:

1. What is the domain of each set of ordered pairs?

2. What is the range of each set of ordered pairs?
3. What type of correspondence is each set of ordered pairs? Explain.
4. Which set/sets of ordered pairs is/are functions? Explain.

Solutions:

1. The domain of Set A is {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}; set B is {2, 3, 4}; and set C is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
2. The range of Set A is {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; set B is {-4, -3, -2, 2, 3, 4}; and set C {1}.
3. Correspondence in Set A is one-to-one; set B is one-to-many; and set C is many-to-one.
4. Set A is a function because there exists a one-to-one correspondence between elements. For example, 3
corresponds to 4, 4 to 5, 5 to 6, 6 to 7, and 7 to 8. Similarly, set C is a function because every element in the
domain corresponds to one element in the range. However, set B is not a function because there are
elements in the domain which corresponds to more than one element in the range. For example, 2
corresponds to both 2 and -2.
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Note: All functions are relations but not all relations are functions.

Evaluating Functions
You have learned in the previous discussion that a function can be represented in a form of an equation.
The number assigned to a given variable determines the value of the function at that number. This process
is known as evaluating functions. When you evaluate a function, it means that you are going to solve for the
function value given a particular value of the variable used in the equation.

Example 1: Let 𝒇 be a function defined by (𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑. Find the following:

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Piecewise Function - is a function that is defined by two or more equations over a specified domain.

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Operations on Functions
You can obtain a new function by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing functions. Accordingly, these
new functions are called the sum, difference, product, and quotient of the original functions.

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Composition of Functions
Another operation which involves functions is obtaining the composite function of two given functions. Given
two functions 𝒇 and 𝒈, the composite function, denoted by 𝒇 ∘ 𝒈 (read as “𝒇 composed with 𝒈”), is defined
by (𝒇 ∘ 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇[𝒈(𝒙)].

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Solving problems involving function and piece-wise function

1. A T-shirt costs 120.00. What is the cost of 7 T-shirts?

Solution:

Let x be the number of apples.

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒙
𝒇(𝟕) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎(𝟕)
𝒇(𝟕) = 𝟖𝟒𝟎

Hence, the cost of 7 T-shirts is 840.00

2. A boat ride in Lake Villa Resort will cost 500.00 intended for 15 passengers only. 50.00 per head is
charged for additional passengers. What is the total boat ride if there are 18 passengers? Use a piecewise
function to represent the boat ride fare.

Hence, the total boat ride fare for 18 passengers is 650.00.

3. An online shop located in Manila charges a shipping fee inside or outside Manila. They charge an initial
shipping fee of 100.00 for orders with a total amount of 400.00 and below, an additional 50.00 shipping fee
for orders with a total amount between 400.00 and 800.00 and a double initial shipping fee for orders with a
total amount above 800.00.

a. Write a piecewise function representing a shipping fee charge in pesos for the total amount of orders.
b. How much shipping fee will they charge if the total amount of orders are 500.00?

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Hence, they will charge 150.00 shipping fee.

Rational Function, Rational Equation, and Rational Inequality

Here are the symbols and notations commonly used in an Inequality (esp. Rational).

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Solving Rational Equations

Example 1

Example 2

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Solving Rational Inequality and its Graph

Example 1

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Example 2

Representation of Rational Function through Table of Values and Graphs

Example 1

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Example 2

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III. SUMMARY OF LESSON

 Function is a relation defined as a set of ordered pairs (𝒙, 𝒚) in which no two or more different ordered
pairs have the same first element (𝒙); that is, each value of 𝒙 corresponds to a unique value of 𝒚.
 Functions can be presented as set of ordered pairs, table of values, mapping diagram, graph and
equation.
 The vertical line test for a function states that if each vertical line intersects a graph in the 𝒙-𝒚 plane at
exactly one point, then the graph illustrates a function.
 The number assigned to a given variable determines the value of the function at that number. This
process is known as evaluating functions.
 Piecewise Function is a function that is defined by two or more equations over a specified domain.

IV. ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT

Direction: Create a table of values showing the population of the Philippines from 2005 to 2013. Does
it indicate a function? Why? (20 pts.)

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V. EVALUATION

Direction: Compute/Solve the following items and problems. Show your solutions.

A. Evaluation of Functions
Let 𝒇 be a function defined by (𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕. Find the following:

B. Operations on Functions & Composition of Functions

C. Rational Equations
Solve each equation and check the solution.

D. Inequalities
Find the solution set.

VII. RESOURCES
DepEd General Mathematics Teaching Guide
https://www.slideshare.net/nicogranada31/k-to-12-grade-8-math-learners-module-quarter-2
https://www.expii.com/t/applications-of-rational-expressions-and-word-problems-4604
https://www.slideshare.net/math123b/2-4-rational-equations-wordproblems

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