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CH-11 Force (Notes)

The document defines key concepts in forces and pressure, including: 1) It defines force as a push or pull applied to an object, and describes the different effects a force can have including changes in shape, position, speed, and direction of motion. 2) It outlines two main types of forces - contact forces which require direct interaction, and non-contact forces like gravity and magnetism which act over a distance. 3) Pressure is defined as the force applied per unit area, with examples given how pressure relates inversely to surface area for a given force. Atmospheric pressure from the atmosphere enveloping Earth is also defined.

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YASHVI MODI
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206 views3 pages

CH-11 Force (Notes)

The document defines key concepts in forces and pressure, including: 1) It defines force as a push or pull applied to an object, and describes the different effects a force can have including changes in shape, position, speed, and direction of motion. 2) It outlines two main types of forces - contact forces which require direct interaction, and non-contact forces like gravity and magnetism which act over a distance. 3) Pressure is defined as the force applied per unit area, with examples given how pressure relates inversely to surface area for a given force. Atmospheric pressure from the atmosphere enveloping Earth is also defined.

Uploaded by

YASHVI MODI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

UDGAM SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN

(2019 – 2020 )
Subject : Science L-11: Force and Pressure Class VIII Notes

Q1. Define: Force.


A1. Push or pull applied on an object in a specific direction is called force.
- At least two objects must interact for a force to come in play.
Q2. What are the effects of force on an object?
A2. Force may bring any or all of the following changes:
i. Change in shape & size of an object.
Eg. Blowing a balloon.
ii. Change in position of an object.
Eg. pushing a chair.
iii.Change in the speed of motion of an object.
Eg. hitting a ball in cricket, applying brakes, racing the car.
iv.Change in direction of motion of an object.
Eg. hitting a ball with bat, flying a kite, movement of pendulum.
Q3. Which are the different types of forces? Explain in detail.
A3. There are 2 different types of forces:
i. Contact Forces:
- The forces which act on the body, directly or through some connector are called contact forces.
a) Biological or Muscular Force:
- The force exerted by the muscles to do various activities is called muscular force.
- Eg. carrying a bucket full of water, pushing a car, carrying heavy luggage, a camel pulling a
cart, chewing food, pumping blood by the heart.
b) Frictional Force:
- The force which acts at the surface of contact, when one body moves or tends to move upon
another body is called frictional force.
- Its acts in a direction opposite to that of the direction of motion.
- This force is responsible for decreasing the speed of a moving object.
- Eg. walking on the road, writing on the paper, cycling on the road, bird flying in the air etc.

ii. Non-Contact Forces:


- If one object interacts with another object, such that there is no physical contact or connector
between them, then such forces are called non-contact forces.
a) Gravitational Force:
- The force exerted by the earth on the objects is called force of gravity or gravitational force.
It is an attractive force.
- In fact, every object in the universe exerts a force on other objects called the gravitational
force.
- Eg. Fruits and dry leaves fall down, ball thrown up falls down, we stay on the ground due to
gravity, water stays on the earth due to gravity.

Page 1 of 3

Class – VIII / Subject – Science / L – 11 / Notes / 2019 – 2020


neeti@udgamschool.com / naina.jadav@udgamschool.com
rajani@udgamschool.com / shaweta.bhatia@udgamschool.com
b) Electrostatic Force:
- The force exerted by a charged body on another charged or uncharged body is known as
electrostatic force.
- When 2 bodies are rubbed vigorously, electric charges develop on them.
- Bodies having like charges repel while bodies having unlike charges attract eachother.
- Eg. A straw becomes charged when it is rubbed with a sheet of paper.
c) Magnetic Force:
- A magnet exerts a force of attraction on things made up of Iron, Cobalt, Nickel or Steel or
another magnet.
- Like poles of 2 magnets repel while unlike poles attract each other.
- Eg. Magnetic compass, compass box, electric bell, refrigerator door, magnetic games etc.

Q4. What is meant by ‘Magnitude of Force’? What is Net Force?


A4. The amount or the strength of force is called its magnitude.
- When 2 or more forces are applied on a body at the same time & in the same direction, the
resultant or net force will be the sum of the magnitudes of the 2 forces.
- When 2 or more forces are applied on the same body at the same time but in the opposite
direction, the net force acting on the object will be the difference between the magnitudes of the 2
forces.
- The net force on an object will be zero, if 2 forces of equal magnitude are acting on it in opposite
direction at the same time.

Q5. Define: Pressure and state its unit. How is pressure related to surface area?
A5. The force acting per unit area of a surface is called pressure.
Force
Pressure =
Area
- In SI system, force is measured in Newton (N) & area in m2.
- The unit of pressure is N/m2

P = F/A = N/m2

- If the area increases, the pressure on the surface decreases for the same force applied and
vice versa.

Q6. Define: Atmospheric Pressure


A6. The Earth is covered by an envelope of air which is called atmosphere.
- The pressure exerted by this atmosphere is called atmospheric pressure.

Q8. Give reasons:

i. The tools used for cutting and piercing always have sharp edges.
- When force is applied on a tool with sharp edge, the force gets concentrated on a very small
area.
- Hence, the pressure acting on the edge of the tool will be very high.
- As a result, the task of cutting & piercing can be done easily.

Page 2 of 3

Class – VIII / Subject – Science / L – 11 / Notes / 2019 – 2020


neeti@udgamschool.com / naina.jadav@udgamschool.com
rajani@udgamschool.com / shaweta.bhatia@udgamschool.com
ii. Shoulder bags have broad straps.
- Force on the broad straps of the shoulder bags gets distributed over a large surface area and
hence the pressure on the straps as well as the shoulder becomes less.
- Hence the bag can be carried easily.

iii. We do not get crushed under the atmospheric pressure.


- It is because our blood contains dissolved oxygen at a pressure which is slightly more than the
atmospheric pressure.
- Thus, it counter balances the atmospheric pressure.

Page 3 of 3

Class – VIII / Subject – Science / L – 11 / Notes / 2019 – 2020


neeti@udgamschool.com / naina.jadav@udgamschool.com
rajani@udgamschool.com / shaweta.bhatia@udgamschool.com

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