1) What is Pattern?

A pattern is a regularity in the world, in human-made design, or in abstract ideas. As

such, the elements of a pattern repeat in a predictable manner. A geometric pattern is
a kind of pattern formed of geometric shapes and typically repeated like a wallpaper
design. Any of the senses may directly observe patterns.

2) How many types of Pattern?

10 Commonest Types of Patterns in Casting. We use 10 types of casting patterns in
the casting process. Single piece pattern, two-piece pattern, gated pattern, multi piece
pattern, match plate pattern, skeleton pattern, sweep pattern, lose piece pattern,
cope and drag pattern, shell pattern.

3) How many types of Pattern Materials?

Simply put, the root zone of plants is the area of soil and oxygen surrounding the roots
of a plant. Roots are the starting point of a plant's vascular system. ... In established
plants, this drip line area of the root zone is the most efficient area to water the plant in
a drought.

4) How many types of Pattern Allowance?

There are three types of shrinkage. The liquid shrinkage and solidification shrinkage
are compensated by suitable riser but solid shrinkage does not compensate by it so the
pattern is made slightly larger to compensate shrinkage. This is known as shrinkage
allowance.

5) What is shrinkage and machining allowance?

Shrinkage is the loss of inventory that can be attributed to factors such as employee
theft, shoplifting, administrative error, vendor fraud, damage, and cashier error. ... This
concept is a key problem for retailers, as it results in the loss of inventory, which
ultimately means loss of profits.
In engineering and machining, an allowance is a planned deviation between an exact
dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension, or between an intermediate-stage
dimension and an intended final dimension.

6) What is the difference between Pattern and Casting?

Casting is the process of pouring liquid metal into a Mold, where it cools and solidifies.
... Patterns are a model for the object to be cast. A pattern makes an impression on
the Mold, liquid metal is poured into the Mold, and the metal solidifies in the shape of
the original pattern.
7) What type of instrument used in Pattern shop?
Awl. A handy tool and often neglected, the awl will pierce a small hole in your pattern
to indicate the end of a dart, pocket, trim, or button hole. The awl is also handy for
scoring paper to fold, and also “walking” your measuring tape around curves for
accurate measuring.

8) What is the function of the jack plane?

A jack plane is a general-purpose woodworking bench plane, used for dressing timber
down to size in preparation for truing and/or edge jointing. It is usually the first plane
used on rough stock, but for rougher work it can be preceded by the scrub plane.

9) How many types of chisels?

There are four common types of cold chisels. These are the flat chisel, the most
widely known type, which is used to cut bars and rods to reduce surfaces and to cut
sheet metal that is too thick or difficult to cut with tin snips. The cross-cut chisel is used
for cutting grooves and slots.

10) What type of instruments used in fitting shop?

Commonly used measuring devices and instruments used in bench and fitting shop
are fillet and radius gauge, screw pitch gauge, surface plate, try square, dial gauge,
feeler gauge, plate gauge and wire gauge.

11) What is the function of the scriber?

A scriber is a hand tool used in metal work to mark lines on workpieces, prior to
machining. The process of using a scriber is called scribing and is just part of the
process of marking out.

12) What was the job material in the fitting shop?

Material: C.I or hardened steel. Size: 50 to 150 mm. It is a simple screw clamp with
parallel jaws to hold small jobs for working on them. This is used to hold work against
an angle plate or V-block or any other surface, when gripping is required.

13) What type of operations you done on the fitting shop?

Fitting Shop: Fitting Shop involves a large number of hand operations to finish the
work to desired shape, size and accuracy. The various operations performed are
marking, chipping, sawing, filing, scraping, drilling, tap (Internal threading) and die
(External threading).

14) For making a through hole on the metal, what machine you
used?
Drill press, also called Drilling Machine, device for producing holes in hard
substances. The drill is held in a rotating spindle and is fed into the workpiece, which is
usually clamped in a vise resting on a table.

15) How many types of the file?

There are two types of files. There are Program files and Data Files.

16) What is welding?

Welding is a fabrication process whereby two or more parts are fused together by
means of heat, pressure or both forming a join as the parts cool. Welding is usually
used on metals and thermoplastics but can also be used on wood.

17) How many types of welding joints?

There are five basic welding joint types commonly used in the industry,
according to the AWS:
• Butt joint.
• Tee joint.
• Corner joint.
• Lap joint.
• Edge joint.

18) What type of joint you done here? (Butt Joint)

Butt Joint Welding:
A butt joint is a joint where two pieces of metal are placed together in the same plane,
and the side of each metal is joined by welding. A butt weld is the most common type
of joint that is used in the fabrication of structures and piping systems.

19) What type of instrument used in the welding shop?

Most welders also use an angle grinder to help smooth out joints, wire brushes, to
clean metal surfaces or abrade them before welding, a chipping slag hammer, C-
clamps, ball peen hammer, electrode tip cleaners, flint strikers, needle nose and
linesmen cutting pliers.
20) What is the full form of MMA Welding? (Manual Metal Arc
Welding, known as stick welding)
Manual metal arc welding (MMA or MMAW), also known as shielded metal arc
welding (SMAW), flux shielded arc welding or stick welding, is a process where the
arc is struck between an electrode flux coated metal rod and the work piece.

21) What is root line?

Water and nutrients are pulled up from the oxygenated soil around the roots, called the
root zone, and pumped into all the aerial parts of the plant. ... In established plants, this
drip line area of the root zone is the most efficient area to water the plant in a drought

22) How much gap will be maintain between the electrode and
the job during the arc welding?
The gap between electrode and the work piece is generally kept between 2 &
3mm. But you also get electrode where you can touch the electrode to work piece
and just drag it. These are known as touch type electrode.

23) According to the flame, how many types of welding?

There are three types of flames natural flame, carburizing flame and oxidizing
flame.

24) In the gas welding, what type of gas you will use?
Acetylene is the only fuel gas suitable for gas welding because of its favourable flame
characteristics of both high temperature and high propagation rates.

25) What type of maintain the safety precautions in the welding

shop?
Respirators protect you from fumes and oxides that the welding process creates. Your
respirator must be suitable for the work you are carrying out. Fire resistant clothing. Fire
resistant clothing protects you from heat, fire and radiation created in the welding
process and shields you from burns.

26) Write down the five names of the parts of the lane?
Tailstock, Bed, Carriage, Lead Screw, Feed Rod.
27) What was the job name in machine shop? & What was the job
materials?
Making a peen. Mild steel bar
28) How many types of operations you done in the machine shop? & What was the
name?
The three principal machining processes are classified as turning, drilling and milling.
Other operations falling into miscellaneous categories include shaping, planning,
boring, broaching and sawing.

29) What is the function of turning and facing?

In the turning operation, the tool generally reduces the diameter of the cylindrical
workpiece, which can be done by cutting into the part for some depth and move the tool
parallel to the axis of the part. While facing operation reduces the length of the piece,
the tool is moved perpendicular to the axis of the part.

30) What is the function of the outside caliper?

Outside calipers measure thicknesses and outside diameters of objects; inside
calipers measure hole diameters and distances between surfaces. To check the
dimensions of a machined part, the calipers are first adjusted to the required dimension
on a ruler or a standard plug or hole gauge.

31) What is cutting speed, feet, depth of cut?

Feed, Speed, and Depth of Cut
Feed rate is defined as the distance the tool travels during one revolution of the part.
Cutting speed and feed determines the surface finish, power requirements, and
material removal rate. The primary factor in choosing feed and speed is the material to
be cut.

32) What is the function of the lead screw?

A leadscrew (or lead screw), also known as a power screw or translation screw, is a
screw used as a linkage in a machine, to translate turning motion into linear motion.

33) What is death center and life center?

A center holds the work during rotation at the tailstock end of the lathe. A live center is
mounted in bearings and rotates with the work, while a dead center does not rotate -
the work rotates about it.

35) What is forging?

Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized
compressive forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or
a die. ... For the latter two, the metal is heated, usually in a forge.

36) How many types of forging?

There are two main types of forging -- hot and cold. Hot forging requires the metal to
be heated above its recrystallization temperature.

37) What type of instrument used in the forging shop?

The types of forging tools include anvil, chisel, tong, fuller, hammer, press, die, flatter,
punch and drift, swage, swage block, clamping vice, and hearth.

38) In the fitting shop, what is the permanent and temporary

marking instrument?
ball-peen hammer(Permanent marking)
Place the center punch on the inclined lines of the 600 angle and press it with a ball-
peen hammer to get the permanent mark.

39) What is the function of the bench vise?

Bench vises (or workbench vice/vise), in particular, attach directly to a workbench to
hold the workpiece during operations such as sawing, planning, and drilling.

40) Where the allowance is provided and why?

In engineering and machining, an allowance is a planned deviation between an exact
dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension, or between an intermediate-stage
dimension and an intended final dimension. The unifying abstract concept is that a
certain amount of difference allows for some known factor of compensation or
interference. For example, an area of excess metal may be left because it is needed to
complete subsequent machining.

DONE BY:

Heena Patel, 10, ECE, 123200902011