Arctecheral and Protocol difference between Mobile

WiMAX and LTE

Habtamu Wondim, Selamawit Getasew, Kebebush Meresaeta

Abstract—in this reading assignment We reviewed the architec- direct successor to current mobile 3G standards than WiMAX
tural and protocol elements of both Worldwide Interoperability is to WiMAX. LTE, on the other hand, uses radio waves to
for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) transfer data rather than microwaves. It can theoretically reach
wireless communications technologies. Because these factors in-
fluence the performance of the two technologies, it is critical to rates of up to 1Gbps, while actual speeds are much lower.
understand each technology’s advantages and disadvantages in WiMAX can provide consumers with high-speed wireless
terms of these characteristics. The study goes into the complex- Internet access as well as telephony services, WiMAX is
ities of the two technologies in order to determine which is the a “standards-based technology that enables the delivery of
next generation leading wireless technology, by identifying the last-mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to ca-
essential parameters that cause one of the driven technologies to
show powerfully in the lead. Nowadays, mobile communication ble and DSL.[2] While LTE was developed to satisfy the
has emerged as the most promising and in-demand technology in needs of current mobile operators, WiMAX is better suited
the field of communication. The first generation dates from the to enterprises that want a wireless network to connect to
1980s of the twentieth century, when simulation and Frequency the Internet. Because the goals of these two technologies are
Division Multiple Access technologies were widely deployed.In identical, they must compete for the same market. It is critical
the early 1990s, the second generation of technologies emerged,
with Time Division Multiple Access and Code Division Multiple to identify the parallels and distinctions between these two
Access gaining the lead. Following that, the third generation technologies. The architectures will be the primary emphasis
could have a wider frequency band than the previous two. of this paper.Release 2.0 provides many times the data rates
This innovative technology enables the transmission of data of Release 1.0 and was later designated as 4G in 2012 [3].
as well as audio at high speeds. Despite being more powerful 4G technologies must meet the ITU’s IMT Advanced stan-
than current wireless technologies, the third-generation mobile
communication standard faces competition, conflicting standards, dard [4], which requires peak data rates of 1 Gbps for low
and other obstacles. As a result, development of the fourth mobility users and 100 Mbps for high mobility users on the
generation of mobile communications systems has begun. In downlink to provide advanced services and applications [4].
terms of communication range, quality, and other characteristics, On the other hand, LTE (Long Term Evolution), a mobile
4G should beat earlier communication technologies. Meanwhile, telecommunications technology specified by 3GPP, is the most
the new generation is projected to offer high-speed, flexibility,
and compatibility capabilities significant step on the evolution road from 3G UMTS and
Index Terms—WIMAX, LTE, Architectur,Protocol, CDMA2000 to 4G, with ambitious data rate, capacity, and
latencies requirements.LTE-Advanced.A more sophisticated
I. I NTRODUCTION variant of LTE, built in 2011 on 3GPP UMTS Rel 10, is also
With the advancement of high-speed mobile broadband a 4G recognized mobile technology [3]. Despite having much
access technology, two emerging technologies have emerged: in common, WiMAX and LTE battled each other beginning
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), with their pre-4G incarnations and continuing with their 4G
which refers to a wireless communication standard based on versions. It appears that WiMAX has ultimately chosen to
IEEE 802.16, and LTE (Long term Evolution), which is also a harmonize and integrate with LTE in its future .
standard for wireless data transmission, but it lags behind 4G, WiMAX advanced standard, which will enable different
which is used globally for data transmission. Mobile WiMAX access technologies.This paper examines the technical similar-
is a broadband wireless solution that enables the convergence ities and contrasts between the two technologies, attempting
of mobile and fixed broadband networks through the use of to identify the differences that favor one technique over the
a single wide-area broadband radio access technology and other. Other elements, such as commercial, historical, political,
a flexible network architecture.LTE is an ITU-approved 4G and so on.which may provide one technology an advantage
mobile broadband technology that stands for ”Long Term over another are also exploited Finally, The ASN can be
Evolution.” It competes directly with WiMAX. LTE is a more implemented as an integrated ASN in which all functions are
allocated in the same logical entity, or it can be built as a
. deconstructed ASN in which the ASN functions are selectively
mapped onto two different nodes as a BS and an ASN getway
(ASN-GW).A deconstructed ASN may have one or more BSs,
each of which contains at least one instance of an ASN-GW.
A base station (BS) is a logical network entity that primarily
conducts radio-related duties as an ASN interface with the SS.
Each BS is related with one sector and has one frequency as-
signment, but it may also have a DL and UL scheduler. Mean-
while, it can host functions relating to IP layer interactions or
interactions with other ASNs.The connection service network
(CSN) is made up of network elements such as routers, AAA
proxy/servers, home agents, user databases, and interworking
gateways or improved network servers that support multicast,
broadcast, and location-based services.CSN functions include Fig. 1. The WiMAX NRM Illustration
IP address management, AAA proxy or server; QoS policy and
admission control based on user subscription profiles; and so
on. Support for ASN-CSN tunneling; Subscriber billing and
inter-operator settlement;Inter-CSN roaming tunneling; CSN-
anchored inter-ASN mobility; Internet connectivity and man- The ENB performs functions such as radio resource man-
aged WIMAX services such as IP multimedia services (IMS), agement, IP header compression and encryption, MME se-
location-based services, peer-to-peer services, and broadcast lection at UE attachment, routing of user plane data towards
and multicast services; Provisioning and activation over the S-GW, 27 schedules and transmission of paging messages
radio. and broadcast information, measurement and measurement
reporting configuration for mobility and scheduling and trans-
II. COMPARISION BETWEEN WIMAX AND LTE mission of ETWS messages, and measurement and measure-
A. Architecture ment reporting configuration for mobility and scheduling.
Support for both fixed and mobile access deployments, The MME performs a variety of tasks, including non-access
unbundling of access, connection, and application services stratum (NAS) signaling and NAS signaling security, access
to allow access infrastructure sharing, and numerous access stratum (AS) security management, and so on.Handling idle
infrastructure aggregations are the core needs of WiMAX. The state mobility and EPS bearer control These functions are
purpose of the WiMAX design is to achieve these requirements hosted by the SGW, which is a mobility anchor point for
by including as many open standards and IETF protocols inter-eNB handovers, the termination of user-plane packets
as possible into a simple all-IP architecture [17]. A network for paging purposes, and the switching of a user plane for
reference model can be used to demonstrate the fundamental UE mobility.The packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW)
WiMAX network architecture (NRM). WiMAX incorporates performs operations such as UE IP address allocation, per-user
techniques from both network access providers (NAPs) and packet filtering, and legal interception.
network service providers (NSPs)). NAP provides the WiMAX
Today’s logical baseline architecture for 3G is complicated,
radio access infrastructure. Meanwhile, NSP provides IP con-
as illustrated in the figure below. The purpose of 3GPP is to
nection and services to WiMAX users in accordance with
simplify 3G architecture and create an all-IP, packet-only core
service level agreements (SLAs).
network that is an evolved packet core (EPC). To achieve some
With this network architecture, one NSP can have rela-
of its objectives, LTE must implement EPC.
tionships with several NAPs in one or more geographical
areas.There are various logical network parts in the WiMAX The LTE RAN architecture is also simplified, as is the
NRM, including as Subscriber Stations (SSs), an access EPC. The E-UTRA is depicted in the image below, which
service network (CSN), and a connectivity service network incorporates a new network element, the eNB, which provides
(CSN), which communicate via reference points R1-R8. Each the EUTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations
SS, ASN, and CSN has some functions, which are detailed toward the user equipment (UE). According to the diagram, a
below.In a mobile wireless network, a Subscriber Station (SS) new interface dubbed X2 joins the eNBs as a mesh network
is a standardized equipment set that connects subscriber equip- that communicates directly between the elements, removing
ment to a Base Station.The Access Service Network (ASN) the need to route data through an RNC. The E-UTRAN is
conducts numerous network operations that allow radio access linked to the EPC via the S1 interface, and the eNBs are
to the SS. Layer 2 connectivity to the SS; Authentication, linked to the mobility management entity (MME) and serving
Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) message transmission gateway (S-GW) elements via a’many-to-many’ relationship.
to the H-NSP (Home NSP); Preferred NSP discovery and
selection; Relay functionality for establishing Layer 3 con-
nectivity with the SS; Radio resource management; Support
ASN and CSN anchored mobility, paging, and location
 III. CONCLUSION
We examined the technologies in WiMAX and LTE, which
are the key contenders in the 4G communication market.
They also make use of standard techniques like OFDM and
MIMO. In addition, numerous technologies, such as OPDMA,
SC-FDMA, Smart Antenna Techniques, FDD, and TDD, are
employed in air interface standards to improve performance.
According to 3GPP and WiMAX Forum definitions, multiple
technologies are employed in diverse systems.Nowadays, there
is a heated debate regarding whether they should combine or
compete. Because of their commonalities, more researchers
are embracing the merging viewpoint. However, the technique
Fig. 2. The LTE Architecture Illustration employed by them is not only a consideration to be examined,
but the market also determines which is more vital at times.
Combining WiMAX with LTE appears to be too tough to
achieve.
B. Frame structure Prorocol
It is impossible to avoid competition between these two
technologies.LTE has so many advantages that more telecom-
A frame duration of 5 ms is utilized for WiMAX. TDD munications companies are finally deciding to embrace it
(time division duplexing) to budget The fame is shared by DL as their 4G technology. However, this does not imply that
and the rest of the UL transmissions. converted into OFDM WiMAX is the loser in this 4G duel. LTE is the succes-
symbols To frame’s.the initial symbol is The term ”preamble sor to cellular technologies such as UMTS/WCDMA/HSPA
transmission” refers to the transmission of preamble data by and CDMA2000 3G, whilst WiMAX is mostly used for
the SS. broadband wireless connections and backhaul. Because the
For BS identification, time synchronization, and channel cost of WiMAX is substantially lower than that of LTE,
synchronization estimation. Subchannels are produced from many poor countries can select WiMAX over LTE, which is
a set of subcarriers and are used to transmit control and data. easier to implement. WiMAX and LTE have quite different
A typical allocation includes both the subchannel and the technological growth paths, yet they all meet the demand for
symbol. A 2-dimensional region is often assigned to axes. for wireless communication for customers. They each have their
a transmission that has both DL and UL transmissions Each own set of perks and downsides.However, it is more vital to
frame, the base station (BS) announces a schedule. period develop a big ”net” where different strategies can be employed
for reviewing the DL and UL allocation avoid interference to achieve the goal of providing users with a better experience.
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munications. For FS2, it is composed of two 5 ms half-frames
with a total duration of 10 ms and a switch-point periodicity of
5 ms.Subframes are made up of either an uplink or a downlink
broadcast; however, certain subframes feature both an uplink
and a downlink broadcast at the same time, separated by a
transmission gap (GP). One of the seven distinct configurations
determines the allocation mechanism. Subframes 0 through 28
and 5 are for the downlink frame, while subframe 1 is for
a frame with both links. The makeup of the remaining sub-
frames varies depending on the arrangement.