AIR DYNAMICS

ACADEMY
147 Approved Maintenance Training Organization

Module: 10
Aviation Legislation

For Aircraft Maintenance Engineers

• B1 (Aerospace)
• B2 (Avionics)

Revision No. 00 PCAA.147.XX 0

Revision Date: 01-10-2018
Maintenance Training Organization Part/ ANO -147

M10- AVIATION LEGISLATION 10.5 CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

10.1 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
10.5.1 General understanding of Part-21 and EASA certification
10.1.1 Role of International Civil Aviation Organization specifications CS-23, 25, 27, 29.
10.1.2 Role of European Commission
10.1.3 Role of the Pakistan CAA and general understanding of Civil 10.5.2 Certificate of Airworthiness; restricted certificates of
Aviation Regulations airworthiness and permit to fly
10.1.4 Pakistan National Aviation Policy (NAP) 10.5.3 Certificate of Registration
10.1.5 CARs-1994, ANOs, AWNOTS, Policy Letters, etc. 10.5.4 Noise Certificate
10.1.6 Role of European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) 10.5.5 Weight schedule
10.1.7 Relationship between the various Annexes (Parts) such as EASA 10.5.6 Radio Station License and Approval
Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147
10.1.8 Relationship with other Civil Aviation Authorities 10.6 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS
10.2 CERTIFYING STAFF – MAINTENANCE 10.6.1 Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to
continuing airworthiness
10.2.1 Detailed understanding of ANO-66 & EASA Part-66 10.6.2 Detailed understanding of EASA Part-M and ANO-M
10.3 APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS 10.7 APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
10.3.1 Detailed understanding of ANO-145/EASA Part-145
10.7.1 Maintenance Programmes, Maintenance checks and inspections
10.3.2 Detailed understanding of EASA PART-M Subpart F (Maintenance
Organization)
10.7.2 Airworthiness Directives
10.4 AIR OPERATIONS 10.7.3 Service Bulletins, Manufacturers Service Information
10.4.1 Commercial Air Transport/Commercial Operations 10.7.4 Modifications and repairs
10.4.2 Air Operators Certificates 10.7.5 Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural
10.4.3 Operators Responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc
airworthiness and Maintenance 10.7.6 Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum Equipment List,
10.4.4 Aircraft Maintenance Program Dispatch Deviation Lists
10.4.5 MEL/CDL 10.7.7 Continuing airworthiness, Minimum equipment requirements –
10.4.6 Documents to be carried on board Test flights
10.4.7 Aircraft Placarding (Marking) 10.7.8 ETOPS, maintenance and dispatch requirements
10.7.9 All Weather Operations, Category 2/3 operations

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Contents
A HISTORY OF AIRPLANES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
B HISTORY OF AVI ATION LEGISLATION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
10.1 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
10.1.1 ROLE OF INTERNATIONL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF ICAO .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
THE CHICAGO CO NVENTION..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF ICAO ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
THE ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
10.1.2 ROLE OF EUROPEAN COMMISSION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
WHAT DOES THE COMMISSION DO? ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
COMPOSITION .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
10.1.3 ROLE OF THE PAKISTAN CAA AND GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS .................................................................................................................... 21
A. O VERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
B. VISION OF PCAA....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
C. MISSION OF PCAA ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
D. FUNCTIONS OF PCAA.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
E. VARIOUS PCAA DIRECTORATES OF REGULATORY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
F. ORGANOGRAM OF PAKISTAN CIVIL AVIATION.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
AUTHORITY ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
G. AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTORATE AND THEIR FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
H. DUTIES AND RESPO NSIBILITIES OF AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTORATE ............................................................................................................................................................................. 25
GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
ICAO ARTICLES (DOC 7300) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
10.1.4 PAKISTAN NATIONAL AVIATION POLICY (NAP) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
NATIONAL AVIATION POLICY (NAP) - 2015 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
10.1.5 CARS-1994, ANOS, AWNO TS, POLICY LETTERS, ETC. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
1 CIVIL AVIATION RULES OF 1994...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
2 AIR NAVIGATION ORDERS (ANO)......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
AIRWORTHINESS NOTICES (AWNO T) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 50
PCAA POLICY LETTERS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 52
PCAA ENFORCEMENT MANUAL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 53
10.1.6 ROLE OF EUROPEAN AVI ATION SAFETY AGENCY (EASA) .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
10.1.7 RELATIONSHIP BETW EEN THE VARIOUS ANNEXES (PARTS) SUCH AS EASA PART-21, PART-M, PART-145, PART-66, PART-147 .................................................................... 61
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A. PART 145 / PART M............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61

B. PART 145 / PART 66 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 61
C. PART 66 / PART 147 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 61
PART 145 / PART 21 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
10.1.8 RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITIES ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
10.2 CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 69
10.2.1 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF ANO-66 & EASA PART-66 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 69
FOREWORD........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 69
66.1 AUTHORITY......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
SECTION A – TECHN ICAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 71
SUBPART A- AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 71
66.A.1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 71
66.A.3 LICENSE CATEGORIES .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 71
66.A.5 AIRCRAFT GROUPS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 71
66.A.10 APPLICATION.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 71
66.A.15 ELIGIBILITY ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
66.A.20 PRIVILEGES ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
66.A.25 BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 74
66.A.30 BASIC EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
66.A.40 CONTINUED VALIDITY OF THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE .................................................................................................................................................. 76
66.A.45 ENDORSEMENT WITH AIRCRAFT RATINGS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
66.A.50 LIMITATIONS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 78
66.A.55 EVIDENCE OF QUALIFICATION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 78
66.A.70 CONVERSION PROVISIONS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 78
SECTION B – PROCEDURES FOR PAKISTAN CAA ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 79
SUBPART A - GENERAL..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 79
66.B.1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 79
66.B.10 COMPETENT AUTHORITY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 79
66.B.15 ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF CO MPLIANCE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 79
66.B.20 RECORD-KEEPING.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 79
66.B.25 RESERVED ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 80
66.B.30 EXEMPTIONS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 80
SUBPART B- ISSUE OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE .............................................................................................................................................................................. 80
66.B.100 PROCEDURE FOR THE ISSUE OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE BY PCAA ,................................................................................................................................ 80
66.B.105 PROCEDURE FOR THE ISSUE OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENCE VIA A MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION APPRO VED IN ACCORDANCE WIT H ANO-145 .... 81
66.B.110 PROCEDURE FOR THE CHANGE OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE TO INCLUDE AN ADDITIONAL BASIC CATEGORY OR SUBCATEGORY ............................. 81
66.B.115 PROCEDURE FOR THE CHANGE OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENSE TO INCLUDE AN AIRCRAFT TYPE OR GROUP ...................................................................... 81

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66.B.120 PROCEDURE FOR THE RENEW AL OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENCE VALIDITY ................................................................................................................................. 82
66.B.125 PROCEDURE FOR THE CONVERSION OF LICENCES INCLUDING GROUP RATINGS ........................................................................................................................................... 82
66.B.130 PROCEDURE FOR THE DIRECT APPROVAL OF AIRCRAFT TYPE TRAINING ......................................................................................................................................................... 84
SUBPART C- EXAMINATIONS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
66.B.200 EXAMINATION BY PCAA............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 85
SUBPART D- CONVERSION OF CERTIFYING STAFF ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
QUALIFICAITONS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
66.B.300 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
66.B.305 CONVERSION REPORT FOR NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
66.B.310 RESERVED ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
SUBPART E- EXAMINATIONS CREDITS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 87
66.B.400 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 87
66.B.405 EXAMINATION CREDIT REPORT................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 87
66.B.410 EXAMINATION CREDIT VALIDITY................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
SUBPART F- CONTINUING OVERSIGHT ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
66.B.500 REVOCATION, SUSPENSION OR LIMITATION OF THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENCE ............................................................................................................................ 88
APPENDIX I - BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 89
APPENDIX II – BASIC EXAMINATION STANDARD ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 91
APPENDIX III – AIRCRAFT TYPE TRAININGS AND EXAMINATION STANDARD ........................................................................................................................................................................ 93
APPENDIX IV – EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENDING ANO-066 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENCE ......................................................................................... 106
APPENDIX V - APPLICATION FORM – PCAA FORM 19 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 107
EASA FORM 19 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 107
APPENDIX VI - AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 110
10.3 APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 116
10.3.1 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF ANO-145/ EASA PART-145 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 116
FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 116
SECTION A – TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 117
ANO 145.A.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 117
ANO 145.A.2 AUTHORITY ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 117
ANO 145.A.3 IMPLEMENTATION....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 117
ANO 145.A.5 APPLICABILITY............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
ANO 145.A.10 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 118
ANO 145.A.15 APPLICATION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
ANO 145.A.20 TERMS OF APPROVAL ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
ANO 145.A.25 FACILITY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
ANO 145.A.30 PERSO NNEL REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 119
ANO 145.A.35 CERTIFYING STAFF AND SUPPORT STAFF .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 123

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ANO 145.A.40 EQUIPMENT, TOOLS AND MATERIAL........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 125

ANO 145.A.42 ACCEPTANCE OF CO MPONENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 126
ANO 145.A.45 MAINTENANCE DATA...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 126
ANO 145.A.47 PRODUCTION PLANNING ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 128
ANO 145.A.50 CERTIFICATION OF MAINTENANCE .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 128
ANO 145.A.55 MAINTENANCE RECORDS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 129
ANO 145.A.60 OCCURRENCE REPORTING ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 130
ANO 145.A.65 SAFETY AND QUALITY POLICY, MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AND QUALITY SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................... 130
ANO 145.A.70 MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION EXPOSITION ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 131
ANO 145.A.75 PRIVILEGES OF THE ORGANISATION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 132
ANO 145.A.80 LIMITATIONS ON THE ORGANISATION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 133
ANO 145.A.85 CHANGES TO THE ORGANISATION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 133
ANO 145.A.95 FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 133
ANO 145.B.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 134
ANO 145.B.10 COMPETENT AUTHORITY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 134
ANO 145.B.15 RESERVED.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 134
ANO 145.B.17 APPLICABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 134
ANO 145.B.20 INITIAL APPRO VAL ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 134
ANO 145.B.25 ISSUE OF APPRO VAL........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 135
ANO 145.B.30 CO NTINUATION OF AN APPROVAL............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 135
ANO 145.B.40 MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION EXPOSITION (MOE) AMENDEMENTS ................................................................................................................................................. 136
ANO 145.B.45 REVOCATION, SUSPENSION AND LIMITATION OF APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 136
ANO 145.B.50 FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 136
ANO 145.B.55 RECORD-KEEPING ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 136
APPENDIX I – Authorised Release Certificate –......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 137
PCAA Form 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 137
APPENDIX II – Organisations Approval Class and Rating System ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 139
APPENDIX III – Maintenance Organisation Approval Appendix III- Maintenance Organisation Approval............................................................................................................. 143
referred to in ANO-145 referred to in Annex II (Part-145) ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 143
APPENDIX IV - Conditions for the use of staff not qualified to ANO-066 in accordance with ANO.145.A.30 (j) 1 and 2 ....................................................................................... 145
APPLICATION FOR INITIAL GRANT / CO NTINUATION.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 146
CHANGE OF ANO-145, ANO-M SUBPART F & ANO- ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 146
M SUBPART G APPROVAL......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 146
PCAA FORM 4 APPLICATION FOR ACCEPTANCE OF ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 147
MANAGEMENT PERSO NNEL .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 147
10.3.2 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF ANO/EASA PART-M SUBPART F ......................................................................................................................................................................... 148
M.A.601 SCOPE....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 148

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M.A.602 APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 148

M.A.603 EXTENT OF APPRO VAL .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 148
M.A.604 MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION MANUAL........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 148
M.A.605 FACILITIES................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 149
M.A.606 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 149
M.A.607 CERTIFYING STAFF ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 150
M.A.608 COMPONENTS, EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 150
M.A.609 MAINTENANCE DATA............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 151
M.A.610 MAINTENANCE WORK ORDERS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 151
M.A.611 MAINTENANCE STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 151
M.A.612 AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE............................................................................................................................................................................................. 151
M.A.613 COMPONENT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 151
M.A.614 MAINTENANCE RECORDS..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 151
M.A.615 PRIVILEGES OF THE ORGANISATION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 152
M.A.616 ORGANISATIONAL REVIEW .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 152
M.A.617 CHANGES TO THE APPRO VED MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION.................................................................................................................................................................... 152
M.A.618 CONTINUED VALIDITY OF APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 152
M.A.619 FINDINGS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 153
10.4 AIR OPERATIONS......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 158
10.4.1 COMMERCI AL AIR TRANSPORT/CO MMERCIAL OPERATIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 158
10.4.2 AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATES ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 161
10.4.3 OPERATO RS RESPONSIBILITY IN PARTICULAR REGARDING CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS & MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................... 168
10.4.4 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 170
10.4.5 MEL/CDL .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 173
10.4.6 DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 174
10.4.7 AIRCRAFT PLACARDING (MARKINGS) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 176
10.5 CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES ...................................................................................................................................................................... 181
10.5.1 GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF PART-21 AND EASA CERTIFICATION SP ECIFICATIONS CS-23, 25, 27, 29. ................................................................................................... 181
27, 29............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 181
10.5.2 CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS; RESTRICTED CERTIFICATES OF AIRWORTHINESS AND PERMIT TO FLY ................................................................................................. 184
CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 184
10.5.3 CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 192
10.5.4 NOISE CERTIFICATE........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 194
10.5.5 WEIGHT SCHEDULE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 198
10.5.6 RADIO STATION LICENSE AND APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 200
10.6 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 207
10.6.1 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF PART-21 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 207
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PROVISIONS RELATED TO CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 207

21.A.3A FAILURES, MALFUNCTIONS AND DEFECTS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 207
21.A.3B AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 208
10.6.2 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF EASA PART-M AND ANO-M. ................................................................................................................................................................................... 209
SECTION A – TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SUBPART A - GENERAL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 210
M.A.101 SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 210
SUBPART B- ACCOUNTABILITY ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 210
M.A.201 RESPONSIBILITIES ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 210
M.A.202 OCCURRENCE REPORTING ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 210
SUBPART C- CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 210
M.A.301 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS TASKS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 210
M.A.302 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 211
M.A.303 AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 212
M.A.305 AIRCRAFT CO NTINUING AIRWORTHINESS RECORD SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................................................... 212
M.A.304 DATA FO R MODIFICATIONS AND REPAIRS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 212
M.A.306 OPERATOR'S TECHNICAL LO G SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 214
M.A.307 TRANSFER OF AIRCRAFT CO NTINUING AIRWORTHINESS RECORDS ............................................................................................................................................................ 214
SUBPART D- MAINTENANCE STANDARDS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 215
M.A.401 MAINTENANCE DATA................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 215
M.A.402 PERFORMANCE OF MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 215
M.A.403 AIRCRAFT DEFECTS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 216
SUBPART E- COMPO NENTS........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 216
M.A.501 INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 216
M.A.502 COMPONENT MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 217
M.A.503 SERVICE LIFE LIMITED CO MPONENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 218
M.A.504 CONTRO L OF UNSERVICEABLE COMPONENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 218
SUBPART F- MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 219
SUBPART G- CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 219
MANAGEMENT O RGANISATION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 219
M.A.701 SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 219
M.A.702 APPLICATION .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 219
M.A.704 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS MANAGEMENT EXPOSITI ON ....................................................................................................................................................................... 219
M.A.705 FACILITIES.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 220
M.A.706 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 220
M.A.707 AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW STAFF ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 221
M.A.708 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 222

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M.A.709 DOCUMENTATION..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 223

M.A.710 AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 223
M.A.711 PRIVILEGES OF THE ORGANISATION ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 225
M.A.712 QUALITY SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 225
M.A.713 CHANGES TO THE APPRO VED CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS ORGANISATION ....................................................................................................................................... 226
M.A.714 RECORD-KEEPING ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 226
M.A.716 FINDINGS..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 227
M.A.715 CONTINUED VALIDITY OF APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 227
SUBPART H- CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE – CRS ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 228
M.A.801 AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE................................................................................................................................................................................................. 228
M.A.802 COMPONENT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 229
M.A.803 PILOT-OWNER AUTHORIZATION............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 229
SUBPART I- AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW CERTIFICATE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 230
M.A.901 AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 230
M.A.902 VALIDITY OF THE AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW CERTIFICATE ............................................................................................................................................................................. 232
M.A.903 TRANSFER OF AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION WITHIN THE EU .............................................................................................................................................................................. 232
M.A.904 AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW OF AIRCRAFT IMPORTED INTO THE EU............................................................................................................................................................... 232
M.A.905 FINDINGS..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 233
APPENDIX II: AUTHORISED RELEASE CERTIFICATE EASA FORM 1 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 233
APPENDIX III- AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW CERTIFICATE —........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 234
APPENDIX IV- CLASS AND RATINGS SYSTEM TO BE USED ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 234
FOR THE APPRO VAL OF MAINTENANCE ORGANISATIONS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 234
REFERRED TO IN ANNEX I (PART-M) SUBPART F AND ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 234
ANNEX II (PART-145) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 234
APPENDIX V- MAINTENANCE O RGANISATION APPROVAL REFERRED TO IN ANNEX I (PART -M) SUBPART F ........................................................................................................... 234
APPENDIX VI- CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION APPROVAL REFERRED TO IN ANNEX I (PART-M) SUBPART G ................................................ 235
APPENDIX VII: COMPLEX MAINTENANCE TASKS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 236
APPENDIX VIII: LIMITED PILOT-OWNER MAINTENANCE..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 237
10.7 APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................................................................. 243
10.7.1 MAINTENANCE PROGRAMMES, MAINTENANCE CHECKS AND INSP ECTIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 243
10.7.2 AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 246
10.7.3 SERVICE BULLETINS, MANUFACTURERS SERVICE INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 250
10.7.4 MODIFICATIONS AND REPAIRS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 254
10.7.5 MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 256
LIST OF ATA CHAPTERS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 258
OVERVIEW OF MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 260
10.7.6 MASTER MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LISTS, MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST, DISP ATCH DEVIATION LISTS ................................................................................................................. 274

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10.7.7 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS, MINIMUM EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS – TEST FLIGHTS................................................................................................................................ 279

10.7.8 ETOPS, MAINTENANCE AND DISPATCH REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 280
10.7.9 ALL WEATHER OPERATIONS, CATEGORY 2/3 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 283
OPERATIONS.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 283

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MODULE 10 – AVIATION LEGISLATION

SUB MODULE 10.1

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

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IMPORTANT DATES IN AIRPLANE DEVELOPMENT

A HISTORY OF AIRPLANES Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci made drawing
C.1500
of flying machines with flapping wings
HUMAN DREAM TO FLY COMES TRUE Two Frenchmen Jean F. Pilatre de Rezier and Marquis D
1783 Arlandes made the first free lighter than air ascent in a hot
For thousands of years, people dreamed to fly in the air like birds do.
air ballon
Some even tried to fly by tying feathers to their arms and flapping them Sir Geoge Caley of Great Britain flew the first successful
1804
in air but in vain and had to face fatal consequences. Most of them model glider
thought that flying was beyond the powers of ordinary people. Some William S.Henson, a British inventor, patented plans for a
narrated stories of godlike people, who could fly or be carried by winged 1843 steam driven airplane that had many of the basic parts of a
animals through the air. The ancient Greek believed in a story about modern plane
John String fellow of England built a small model based on
“Daedal us” and his son “Lcarus”, both of whom flew with wings made 1848
Hensons plane
of feathers and wax. But “Lcarus” flew too close to the sun, and the solar Otto Lilienthal, a German, became the first person to
1891-96
heat melted his wings and he fell into the sea and drowned.
successfully pilot gliders in flight
Samuel P. Langley of US flew a steam powered model
1896
plane
Orville and Wilber Wright of U.S made the first Engine
1903
powerd heavier than air flights
Trajan Vula, a Romanian inventor, built the full sized
1906
monoplane, but it could not fly
Lois Bteriot of France became the first person to fly across
1909
English Channel
Igor I. Sikorsky of Russia, built and flew the first four
1913
engine plane
First flight of an all metal cantilever wing plane, the Junker
1915
J-1 took place in Germany

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The first all metal trimotor transport, the Junkers G-3 was
1924
test flown in Germany B HISTORY OF AVIATION LEGISLATION
The Lockheed Vega, a single engine transport aircraft, flew
1927
for the first time AVIATION LEGISLATION
Douglas DC-3 transport planes entered airline service in
1936
It is the term used to define the process through which laws relating to
the U.S
1939 First successful flight of a jet engine took place in Germany all areas of the civil aviation industry are brought into force
Bell aircraft company built the first jet airplane in the U.S
1942 and it was flown by Robert M. Stainley at Muroc Dry Lake
NEED FOR AVIATION LEGISLATION
California It already became clear in the early years of the civil aviation industry
Charles Yeager, a U.S Airforce Captain, made the first that transportation of passengers and goods with aircraft always involve
1947
supersonic flight in Bell X-I a certain amount of risk and danger inherent in aviation.
De-Havilland comets, the first large commercial jetliner
1952 Therefore local and later on international lawmaking was inevitable and
began service problems faced by the world wide expanding civil aviation demanded
The first turbo prop transport, the Vickers Viscount began
1953 the need for generally accepted standards of safety to be recognized
regular airline service and enforced.
The North American F100 Super Sabre Jet Fighter, made
1953
Airlines throughout the world have strong incentives to maintain high
the first supersonic flight by a jet plane
The Boeing 707, began jet transport service between standards of safety. Loss of passenger and cargo trade and increase in
1958
insurance rates that nay airline which compromises on safety standards
United States and Europe
Russian pilots test flew the world’s first supersonic has little chances of survival
1968
transport plane, TU-144 RULES AND REGULATIONS
1970 The first Jumbo jet, the Boeing 747 entered airline service Rules and regulations were worked out for the following reasons:
Concorde, a supersonic transport airplane, built by Britain
1976 Protection of people on the ground
and France began service Protection of passengers and cargo
Protection of cockpit and cabin crew
Standardization of activities within the civil aviation industry
world wide
Ensure safe, airworthy and reliable civil aircraft operation

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In November 1944, 52 nations sent representative to an

10.1 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK International Civil aviation convention at Chicago. In this
convention principles and arrangements were setup on
International air rights. Pending ratification of the convention
10.1.1 ROLE OF INTERNATIONL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION by 26 states, the Provisional International Civil aviation
Organization (PICAO) was established. It functioned from 6
INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF ICAO June 1945 until 4 April 1947.
In 1945, International Air Transport Association (IATA) was
In 1889, First International Conference was held in Paris to
created by an act of Canadian Parliament and replaces
establish some generally accepted form of Air Law.
International Air Traffic Association.
No real progress till First World War.
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a
In 1914 UK, Aeronautical Inspection Directorate (AID) was specialized agency of the United Nations, was created with the
formed to ensure high standards of inspection throughout signing in Chicago, on 7th December 1944, of the Convention
Aircraft industry. on International Civil Aviation.
In 1918 UK, Air Ministry was formed and control of AID was ICAO is the permanent body and formed in April 1947 and is
transferred to this Ministry. charged with the administration of the principles laid out in the
In 1919, International Convention for Aerial Navigation (ICAN) Convention. Chicago convention is the constitution of ICAO.
took place in Paris, which made a number of definitions and
classifications like Private & state Aircraft. As of November 2017, there are 192 ICAO members, consisting
In 1919, Air operator on realizing international cooperation of 191 of the 193 UN member (all but Dominica, Liechtenstein),
established International Air Traffic Association. plus the Cook Islands.
In 1929, International Conference on private air law was held PCAA is a member of ICAO
commonly known as Warsaw Convention overcoming the
difficulties of selecting the law of which nation would be
applicable in a given set of circumstances.

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ICAO works in close co-operation with other members of the a world at peace, there were many obstacles, both political and
United Nations family such as technical, to overcome.
the World Meteorological Organization, In the early days of 1944, the Government of the United States
conducted exploratory discussions with other allied nations to
the International Telecommunication Union,
develop an effective strategy.
the Universal Postal Union,
On the basis of these talks, 52 States met in Chicago in
the World Health Organization and November 1944.
The International Maritime Organization. For five weeks, the delegates considered the myriad issues of
Non-governmental organizations which also participate in international civil aviation.
ICAO's work include The outcome was the Convention on International Civil
the International Air Transport Association, Aviation, also referred to as the Chicago Convention.
the Airports Council International, At the Chicago talks, it was agreed that the Convention would
only come into force thirty days after its ratification by a 26th
the International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations,
State.
and
In the interim, a provisional ICAO (PICAO) was formed and
The International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot given advisory powers, with instructions to lay the foundation
Associations. for an international organization devoted to the needs of civil
Currently there are 193 UN member states aviation.
The Chicago Convention entered in force on 4 April 1947 and
THE CHICAGO CONVENTION ICAO was formed.
The 96 articles of the Chicago Convention establish the
The Second World War was a powerful catalyst for the privileges and restrictions of all Contracting States and provide
technical development of the aero plane. for the adoption of International Standards and
At that time, a vast network of passenger and freight carriage
was set up, but in order for air transport to support and benefit

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Recommended Practices (SARPs) regulating international air insure that the rights of Contracting States are fully
transport. respected and that every Contracting State has a fair
The Convention accepts the principle that every State has opportunity to operate international airlines;
complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its avoid discrimination between Contracting States;
territory and provides that no scheduled international air
promote safety of flight in international air navigation;
service may operate over or into the territory of a Contracting
Promote generally the development of all aspects of
State without its previous consent.
international civil aeronautics.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF ICAO

The aims and objectives of ICAO, as contained in Article 44 of
THE ORGANIZATION
the Chicago Convention, are to develop the principles and
techniques of international air navigation and to foster the CONTRACTING STATES
planning and development of international air transport so as According to Article 92 of the Convention on International Civil
to: Aviation, also named Chicago Convention, “This Convention
shall be open for adherence by members of the United Nations
insure the safe and orderly growth of international civil
and States associated with them, and States which remained
aviation throughout the world;
neutral during the present world conflict”.
encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for
State members of the International Civil Aviation Organization
peaceful purposes;
(ICAO) are also named Contracting States (Article 1 of the
encourage the development of airways, airports and air
Chicago Convention) or Members States.
navigation facilities for international civil aviation;
Contracting States have usually established a Civil Aviation
meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe,
Authority (CAA) within their country as the regulatory body in
regular, efficient and economical air transport;
the field of civil aviation primarily dealing with safety issues
prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable and responsible for the regulation of air transport services
competition; to/from/within the country and for the enforcement of civil air
regulations, air safety and airworthiness standards.

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It co-ordinates all regulatory functions with ICAO by taking the Each Contracting State is entitled to one vote, and decisions of
policy decisions necessitated by the advances made in the field the Assembly are taken by a majority of the votes cast except
of International Standards and Recommended Practices when otherwise provided for in the Convention.
(SARPS) adopted in the ICAO Annexes. At these sessions, the complete work of the Organization in the
The CAAs are headed by the Director General of Civil Aviation technical, economic, legal and technical cooperation fields is
(DGCA); depending on the structure of the states. reviewed in detail, and guidance is given to the other bodies of
The CAAs may take other names such as the Directorate ICAO for their future work.
General of Civil Aviation or are established under the Ministry THE COUNCIL
of Transportation. is a permanent body responsible to the Assembly.
ICAO communicates with its Contracting States through the is composed of representatives from 36 Contracting States
DGCAs by the means of State Letters. DGCAs and their experts elected by the Assembly for a 3 years (three year) term.
participate in ICAO meetings and follow-up action thereon.
According to Article 51, the council shall elect its President, for
At ICAO, DGCAs meet for high-level discussions or strategies in
a period of three years. He may be reelected also.
the field of aviation either during Assembly Sessions or subject-
The council shall elect amongst its members one or more Vice
dedicated conferences.
Presidents.
The three main organs of ICAO are the assembly, the council,
In the election, adequate representation is given to States of
and the secretariat, headed by the Secretary General ICAO has
chief importance in air transport, States not otherwise included
a sovereign body, the Assembly, and a governing body, the
which make the largest contribution to the provision of
Council.
facilities for civil air navigation and States not otherwise
THE ASSEMBLY
included whose designation will ensure that all the major
Meets at least once every three years geographic areas of the world are represented on the Council.
and is convened by the Council. One of the major duties of the Council is to adopt
International Standards and Recommended Practices and to

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incorporate these as Annexes to the Convention on The Commission is assisted by small groups of experts
International Civil Aviation. nominated by Contracting States and international
A Standard is any specification whose uniform application is organizations and approved by the Commission.
recognized as necessary for the safety or regularity of SECRETARIAT
international air navigation and to which Contracting States will
Administrative body of the organization is the Secretariat. The
conform in accordance with the Convention.
council appoints the Secretary General. The Secretary General
A Recommended Practice is any specification whose uniform appoints the staff of the ICAO secretariat and supervises and
application is recognized as desirable for the safety, regularity or directs its activities.
efficiency of international air navigation. There are 05 bureaus, working under the Secretary General
ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices are detailed in ICAO. They are:
Annexes (total 19) to the Chicago Convention that cover all Air Navigation Bureau (ANB)
aspects of international civil aviation.
Air Transport Bureau (ATB)
Although the Council is responsible for the adoption of SARPs
Technical Cooperation Bureau (TCB)
and the approval of Procedures for Air Navigation Services
Bureau of administration and service (ADB)
(PANS), the principal body concerned with their development is
the ICAO Air Navigation Commission. Legal Affairs and External Relations Bureau (LEB)

AIR NAVIGATION COMMISSION

is composed of 19 persons qualified and experienced in the
science and practice of aeronautics.
Its members are nominated by Contracting States and are
appointed by the Council.
They act in their personal expert capacity and not as
representatives of their nominators.

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REGIONS AND REGIONAL OFFICES ICAO PUBLICATIONS

ICAO World Headquarters, Montreal, Canada ICAO field manuals
Procedure for Air Navigation Services (PANS) Air
Navigation Plan
ICAO Annexes
Technical Manuals
Regional Supplementary Procedures
ICAO circulars
Aircraft Type Designators
Aviation Training Directory
ICAO Doc Series
ICAO Journal

The ICAO has seven regional offices serving nine regions: ICAO MRTD Report
ICAO Regional Reports
Asia and Pacific (APAC), Bangkok, Thailand
Middle East (MID) Office, Cairo, Egypt Miscellaneous Publications
Western and Central Africa (WACAF), Dakar, Senegal Web link for ICAO
South American (SAM) Office, Lima, Peru
Visit www.icao.int for more details
North American, Central American and Caribbean (NACC)
Office, Mexico City, Mexico.
Eastern and Southern African (ESAF) Office, Nairobi, Kenya
European and North Atlantic (EUR/NAT) Office, Paris,
France

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get technical details right by consulting experts and the public.

MANAGES EU POLICIES & ALLOCATES EU FUNDING
10.1.2 ROLE OF EUROPEAN COMMISSION Sets EU spending priorities, together with the Council and
Parliament.
Draws up annual budgets for approval by the Parliament and
OVERVIEW Council.
Supervises how the money is spent, under scrutiny by the Court
Role:
of Auditors.
Promotes the general interest of the EU by proposing and ENFORCES EU LAW
enforcing legislation as well as by implementing policies and
Together with the Court of Justice, ensures that EU law is
the EU budget properly applied in all the member countries.
Members: REPRESENTS THE EU INTERNATIONALLY
A team or 'College' of Commissioners, 1 from each EU Speaks on behalf of all EU countries in international bodies, in
country Year established: 1958 particular in areas of trade policy and humanitarian aid.
Location: Brussels (Belgium) Negotiates international agreements for the EU.

The European Commission is the EU's politically independent

executive arm. It is alone responsible for drawing up proposals COMPOSITION
for new European legislation, and it implements the decisions POLITICAL LEADERSHIP is provided by a team of 28 Commissioners
of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU. (one from each EU country) – led by the Commission President, who
decides who is responsible for which policy area.
WHAT DOES THE COMMISSION DO? The College of Commissioners, includes the President of the
PROPOSES NEW LAWS Commission, his seven Vice-Presidents, including the First Vice-
President, and the High-Representative of the Union for
The Commission is the sole EU institution tabling laws for
adoption by the Parliament and the Council that:
protect the interests of the EU and its citizens on issues that
can't be dealt with effectively at national level;

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Foreign Policy and Security Policy and 20 Commissioners in

charge of portfolios.
The day-to-day running of Commission business is performed
by its staff (lawyers, economists, etc.), organised into
departments known as Directorates-General (DGs), each
responsible for a specific policy area.
APPOINTING THE PRESIDENT
The candidate is put forward by national leaders in the European
Council, taking account of the results of the European
Parliament elections. He or she needs the support of a majority
of members of the European Parliament in order to be elected.

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As a result of these, a set of Rules known as the “Civil Aviation

Rules 1978” were formulated and later promulgated in January
10.1.3 ROLE OF THE PAKISTAN CAA AND GENERAL 1979.
UNDERSTANDING OF CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS The Pakistan Civil Aviation Ordinance, 1982 has replaced the
erstwhile Department of Civil Aviation with a semi -
1 PAKISTAN CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY autonomous body known as the Civil Aviation Authority
(C.A.A.).
A. OVERVIEW
As from 7th December, 1982 the Aeronautical Inspection
Civil aviation activities in Pakistan started immediately after Directorate and its functions have been transferred to
independence in 1947 under civil Aircraft Rules 1937 but no Airworthiness Directorate of the Civil Aviation Authority and
formal orders or ordinance was issued neither any particular all applications and enquiries hitherto addressed to A.I.D.
legislation took place until 1960. Head Office should be addressed to HQs Civil Aviation
In 1960, the first legal step was taken and President of Pakistan Authority, Airworthiness Directorate, JIAP Karachi.
promulgated an ordinance (No. XXXII of 1960) known as the
The Pakistan CAA is a semi-autonomous body, the general
Civil Aviation Ordinance 1960, Quote “to make better
direction and administration of the Authority and its affairs are
provisions for the control, manufacture, possession, use,
vested in a board which exercises all powers and performs all
operation, sale, import and export of aircraft, the control and
functions and does all acts which are exercised/performed or
regulation of Air Transport Services and the control and
done by the authority.
development of Aerodromes in Pakistan”.
This was the first legal step taken. B. VISION OF PCAA
A committee was formed by the Government of Pakistan in Be a world-class service provider in the aviation industry.
1976 to draft rules for the regulation of Air Transport in
Pakistan.
C. MISSION OF PCAA
Provide safe, secure and efficient best-in-class aviation services to
the stakeholders

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D. FUNCTIONS OF PCAA
Licensing of airlines
Licensing of pilots, flight engineers, navigators, flight operation E. VARIOUS PCAA DIRECTORATES OF REGULATORY
officers, air traffic controllers, and aircraft maintenance Flight Standards
engineer Personnel Licensing
Certification of Airworthiness/ registration of aircraft Airworthiness
Provisions of air traffic control/navigational facilities Air Transport
Maintenance of airports and runways Flight Inspection Unit
Provision of fire extinguishing and rescue State Safety Program – SSP
facilities Fixation of domestic tariff Aeromedical
Assists IATA in fixation of International tariff Airspace and Aerodrome Regulations
Make bilateral agreements
The authority is responsible for promotion, regulation and
control of civil aviation activities in Pakistan
The authority should from time to time prepare five year plan
for the approval of federal government for the development of
infrastructure for safe, efficient, economical and properly
coordinated air transport service in Pakistan

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F. ORGANOGRAM OF PAKISTAN CIVIL AVIATION

AUTHORITY

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G. AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTORATE AND THEIR FUNCTIONS H. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF AIRWORTHINESS

DIRECTORATE
Airworthiness Directorate is headed by Director Airworthiness.
Responsibilities associated w.r.t Airworthiness Directorate are Duties and Responsibilities associated with the Airworthiness
as follows Directorate include
Monitoring of SBs and ADs Aircraft Registration
Investigation of defects/delays as well as accidents/ Airworthiness Certificate
incidents (on request of SIB to become part of SIB
Proficiency Certificate
investigations) and special occurrences
Inspection and providing renewal related to C of A Aircraft Maintenance Engineers License

Evaluation and approval of ECO Wet Lease Aircraft Clearance

Supervision of weighment Concession grant
Scrutiny and providing approval of maintenance schedule Engineering Change Order Approval
Monitoring of reliability programs, hard time, on condition
Extended Range Operation Approval
and condition monitoring and providing approval for
Reliability manual Maintenance Program Approval
Inspections, issuing, extension and renewal of maintenance Exposition Manual Approval
organizations approval Reliability Manual Approval
Scrutiny of AME license examination/P.C application and
Maintenance Schedule Approval
providing AME license and P.C
Inspection of storage, refueling and other approved
companies for compliance with laid down requirements

Monitor company approval examination

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A state's laws and regulations regarding the admission and
GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS departure of passengers, crew or cargo from aircraft shall be
complied with on arrival, upon departure and whilst within the
ICAO ARTICLES (DOC 7300)
territory of that state.
Some of the principles and applications of Chicago Convention Article 16 – Search of aircraft
out of 96 articles published in Doc 7300 are: The authorities of each state shall have the right to search the
Article 1 – Sovereignty aircraft of other states on landing or departure, without
The contracting States recognize that every State has complete unreasonable delay.
and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory. Article 24 – Customs duty
Article 5 – Right of non-scheduled flight Aircrafts flying to, from or across, the territory of a state shall be
The aircraft of states, other than scheduled international air admitted temporarily free of duty. Fuels, Oil, spare parts, regular
services, have the right to make flights across state's territories equipment and aircraft stores retained on board are also
and to make stops without obtaining prior permission. However, exempt custom duty, inspection fees or similar charges.
the state may require the aircraft to make a landing. Article 29 – Documents carried in aircraft
Article 10 – Landing at customs airports Before an international flight, the pilot in command must ensure
The state can require that landing to be at a designated customs that the aircraft is airworthy, duly registered and that the
airport and similarly departure from the territory can be relevant certificates are on board the aircraft. The required
required to be from a designated customs airport. documents are:
Article 12 – Rules of the air Certificate of Registration
Each state shall keep its own rules of the air as uniform as Certificate of Airworthiness
Passenger names, place of boarding and destination
possible with those established under the convention, the duty
Crew licenses
to ensure compliance with these rules rests with the contracting Journey Logbook
state. Radio License
Article 13 – Entry and clearance regulations Cargo manifest

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Article 30 – Aircraft radio equipment relating to that license or certificate shall have attached to or
The aircraft of a state flying in or over the territory of another endorsed on that license information regarding the particulars
state shall only carry radios licensed and used in accordance in which he does not satisfy those standards".
with the regulations of the state in which the aircraft is ICAO ANNEXES
registered. The radios may only be used by members of the flight
The Convention is supported by nineteen annexes containing
crew suitably licensed by the state in which the aircraft is
standards and recommended practices (SARPs). The annexes
registered.
are amended regularly by ICAO and are as follows, and are
Article 32 – License of personnel published in six different languages (English, French, Spanish,
The pilot and crew of every aircraft engaged in international Russian, Arabic, and Chinese)
aviation must have certificates of competency and licenses
Annex 1 - Personnel Licensing
issued or validated by the state in which the aircraft is
Annex 2 - Rules of the Air
registered.
Annex 3 - Meteorological Service for International Air
Article 33 – Recognition of certificates and licenses
Certificates of Airworthiness, certificates of competency and Navigation
licenses issued or validated by the state in which the aircraft is Vol I - Core SARPs
registered, shall be recognized as valid by other states. The Vol II - Appendices and Attachments
requirements for issue of those Certificates or Airworthiness, Annex 4 - Aeronautical Charts
certificates of competency or licenses must be equal to or above Annex 5 - Units of Measurement to be used in Air and Ground
the minimum standards established by the Convention. Operations
Article 40 – Validity of endorsed certificates and licenses Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft
No aircraft or personnel with endorsed licenses or certificate will
Part I - International Commercial Air Transport – Aero planes
engage in international navigation except with the permission of
Part II - International General Aviation – Aero planes
the state or states whose territory is entered. Any license holder
who does not satisfy international standard Part III - International Operations - Helicopters

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Annex 7 - Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks

Annex 8 - Airworthiness of Aircraft Vol I - Aircraft Noise

Annex 9 - Facilitation Vol II - Aircraft Engine Emissions

Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications Annex 17 - Security: Safeguarding International Civil Aviation

Against Acts of Unlawful Interference
Vol I - Radio Navigation Aids
Annex 18 - The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
Vol II - Communication Procedures including those with PANS
Annex 19 – Safety Management System (SMS).
status
Vol III - Communication Systems
Part I - Digital Data Communication Systems
Part II - Voice Communication Systems
Vol IV - Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems
Vol V - Aeronautical Radio Frequency Spectrum Utilization
Annex 11 - Air Traffic Services - Air Traffic Control Service,
Flight Information Service and Alerting Service
Annex 12 - Search and Rescue
Annex 13 - Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
Annex 14 - Aerodromes
Vol I - Aerodrome Design and Operations
Vol II - Heliports
Annex 15 - Aeronautical Information Services
Annex 16 - Environmental Protection

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NATIONAL AVIATION POLICY (NAP) - 2015

10.1.4 PAKISTAN NATIONAL AVIATION POLICY (NAP)
VISION
INTRODUCTION To promote and regulate civil aviation activities, and to develop
an infrastructure for safe, secure, efficient, adequate,
A policy by virtue is a system or framework of rules, regulations
economical and properly coordinated civil air transport service
and principles which directs or guides its intended users and/or
in Pakistan.
segment of market towards political, managerial, financial or
economical outcomes. KEY OBJECTIVES
National Aviation Policy is a Regulatory Policy. Generally, To improve governance and oversight for the compliance of
Aviation Policy is developed by respective Civil Aviation ICAO standards of aviation safety, security and efficiency.
Authorities and approved by the respective Ministries or To provide level playing field for national airlines and liberalize
Dedicated Sections of Government. aviation sector in the country by allowing market forces to
Economic Oversight Section of Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority determine the price, quality, frequency and range of air
assists Government of Pakistan in development & services options.
implementation of National Aviation Policy. To follow suitable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) models for
ECONOMIC OVERSIGHT SECTION, PCAA the operations, management and development of airports.
Economic Oversight section of CAA was established in 2008 as To develop a state-of-the-art infrastructure for the provision of
per requirements of ICAO Doc 9082 to regulate the rate of safe and efficient air transportation.
Return on Investment (ROI) of monopoly suppliers of air To incentivize aviation sector for socio-economic growth.
transport services such as Air Navigation Services (ANS) and
To create conditions conducive for affordable general aviation
Airport Services (APS). Later in the year 2010, this section was
activities, i.e., sports flying and inter-city air travel by private
merged with Directorate of Air Transport to formulate the
aircraft /air-taxi service/charters, etc.
Directorate of Air Transport & Economic Regulations.

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CONTENT OUTLINE SUMMARY

Preamble Key objective set forth for aviation division was to develop a
safe, secure and efficient air transportation structure. The
Executive Summary policy is designed to create better business opportunities and
Chapter 1 Safety, Security & Economic Oversight enhance economic activity through effective utilization of
resources.
Chapter 2 Liberalization & Economic Development
Safety Investigation Board (SIB), shall be made independent to
Chapter 3 Organizational & Infrastructure Development ensure that findings and safety recommendations of an
investigation remain unbiased.
Chapter 4 Operational Policy Guidelines
Pakistan shall pursue bilateral open skies policy towards other
Chapter 5 Policy Guidelines for Service Providers countries based on the principle of reciprocity.
Chapter 6 Incentives, Taxes & Duties PCAA shall work with global airport management companies to
Human Resource Development: Training & find suitable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) models to be
Chapter 7
Education followed for the operations and management of landside and
terminal facilities of airports. This policy shall also be
Chapter 8 Green Aviation Environment
implemented for small, medium and large airports, with a
Chapter 9 Consumer Protection focus to exploit their commercial and tourism potential.
Chapter 10 Conclusion Airport infrastructure shall also be modernized to meet future
needs of aircraft, passenger and cargo traffic. Two state of the
Glossary of Terms
art cargo villages shall be established, one in the North and one
Annexure A Categories of Routes in the South.
The operational control of all agencies working at airports like
Annexure B Paid-Up Capital
ANF, Customs, and Immigration shall be placed under Chief

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Operating Officers (COO) for efficient airport operations. apart from routine training of aviation personnel, other GA
Taxes shall be restructured and simplified in line with the best areas like aero-sports, tourism, agricultural pesticide and
international practices. seeding sprays, cloud seeding, etc. would be encouraged and
facilitated wherever considered possible and appropriate.
Tax breaks and exemption of CAA charges shall also attract
Befitting incentives shall be offered for the growth of this sector.
investors in various sectors of aviation business, including
establishment of quality Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul Keeping in view the rapidly changing technology in the aviation
(MRO) organizations. industry, training and skill development of aviation personnel
has also been given due importance in this policy.
The policy shall also encourage induction and operation of
more efficient aircraft by Pakistani operators. Such modern
aircraft are safer and more fuel efficient. As a measure to
ensure that only sound investors/operators venture in the
aviation business, the paid-up capital requirement to obtain
relevant licenses has been enhanced.
Scheduled routes to politically and socially deprived locations
are now ear-marked to be served as deemed adequate and
feasible. The operators shall be offered an attractive incentive
by waived-off fees and other allied charges while operating to
and from these locations.
The policy puts strong emphasis on up-gradation of air
navigation infrastructure and effective utilization of satellite
based technology to improve safety standards and future
capacity needs of air traffic.
In order to capitalize true potential of General Aviation (GA),

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This is the master document and through ANOs, AWNOTs,

Policy letters on this master document, all concerned with the
10.1.5 CARS-1994, ANOS, AWNOTS, POLICY LETTERS, ETC. many areas which make up the Civil Aviation industry as a
whole, come under its powers
1 CIVIL AVIATION RULES OF 1994 These rules shall come into force at once.

A. HOW RULES ARE MADE These rules shall apply to flight operations within Pakistan by
aircrafts other than military aircrafts and, except where
Making of rules start from different departments of PCAA
otherwise prescribed, to flight operations by aircrafts
where PCAA officers and legal experts, taking into
registered, acquired or operating under these rules, wherever
consideration ICAO Annexes and rules from other regulatory
they may be.
bodies and making them compatible with our environment
form a report and sends it to the National Assembly through There are currently 378 rules under CAR 1994.
the Aviation Division where it is recommended and send to the Amendments are issued from time to time.
Senate for approval. These rules are divided into 21 parts which are further divided
After getting approval from the Parliament, it is signed by the into sections and sections have further rules.
President of Pakistan and it becomes a LAW
Part 1 Preliminary
B. CIVIL AVIATION RULES
Part 2 Administration
These rules may be called the Civil Aviation Rules 1994. Civil
Aviation Rules are part of Gazette of Pakistan, a statutory Part 3 Registration and Marking of Aircraft
notification, issued by the order of the President of Pakistan.
Part 4 Airworthiness of Aircraft
Currently issued on 3rd October 1994.
Part 5 Personnel licenses

Part 6 Flying training

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SOME OF THE RULES PRESENT IN FOLLOWING PARTS ARE OF

Part 7 Personal Flying Books
GREAT INTEREST TO AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS
Part 8 Aerodrome facilities and services AND AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN
Part II Administration
Part 9 Conduct of Persons on board an aircraft
Part III Registration and Marking of Aircraft
Part 10 Rules of the air Part IV Airworthiness Requirements
Licenses and certification of commercial air Part V Personnel LicensesSection 2 ( Rule 51)
Part 11
Operations
Part XI Licensing and certification of Commercial Air
Part 12 Commercial flight operations Operations Section 3

Part 13 Aircraft requirements Part XIII Aircraft Requirements Section 2

Part XV Accidents and Incidents Section 1 & 2
Part 14 Private aircraft operations
Part XXI Miscellaneous (Rule 378)
Part 15 Accidents and incidents
PART II - ADMINISTRATION
Part 16 Transport of dangerous goods by air Duties and Powers of the Director General.-
1.The Director General shall, subject to the directions of the Federal
Part 17 Unlawful interference
Government, be charged with the administration of these rules, and
Part 18 Penal provisions and prosecutions shall exercise and perform all the powers, and functions conferred on
the Director-General by these rules.
Withholding, suspension and cancellations of
Part 19 2.Without prejudice to the generality of sub rule (1) for the purpose of
licences and certificates
exercising his powers, or implementing these rules, the Director-
Part 20 Fares, freights, timetable and statistical returns General may:
a) at all reasonable times enter any place to which access
Part 21 Miscellaneous

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is necessary; registered in Pakistan, prior to its departure, if his

b) at all times during working hours enter that portion of any purpose is a flight inspection of the operation of that
factory or place in which aircraft, or parts of aircraft, or aero aircraft, or of the performance of its crew ; and
engines, or parts of aero engines, are being manufactured, h) the Director General, may with the approval of the
overhauled, repaired or assembled, and inspect any such factory Federal government, issue Operating Regulations to
or place, aircraft, aero engine, or parts or documents relating meet the requirements of the International Civil Aviation
thereto; Organization Standards, Recommended Practices and
c) at any time inspect any aircraft which is required by these rules Procedures.
to be certified as airworthy, or in respect of which a certificate 3.Whereever the Director-General is empowered or required
of Airworthiness is in force; under these rules to issue any direction, or to give any
d) enter, inspect and search any aircraft registered in Pakistan, or permission, approval or authority, he may unless the contrary
in a contracting State, for the purpose of securing compliance intention appears in the rule conferring the power or function,
with any of these rules; or imposing the obligation or duty, issue the direction, or give
e) at any time conduct or direct such examination or test of the the permission, approval or authority by writing under his hand
holder of a Licence as may be considered necessary to establish or by inclusion in Air Navigation Orders or Airworthiness
the continued medical fitness or the proficiency of the Licence Notices, or air safety circulars and at any time that he deems it
holder in the capacity authorized by the Licence; necessary to publish information relating to conditions or
f) require the production of any document, Licence permit or log requirements under these rules he may do so, by including such
book related to the operation of an aircraft if in the opinion of information in the Aeronautical Information Publication, or in
the Director-General, or the authorized person, it is necessary NOTAMS or in aeronautical information circulars, or in
for the purpose of inspecting the same; airworthiness notices, or air safety circulars, or in Civil Aviation
g) subject to the provisions of rule 236, board any aircraft Authority Publications, or by writing under his own hand, as he
considers appropriate.
4.Director-General shall maintain close liaison with the

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Pakistan Air Force in matters of common interest. has been registered in a contracting State.
5.Delegation of Powers.- The Federal Government or the Authority or 8.Aircraft to carry certificate of registration.
the Director-General may by order in writing direct that any power or The certificate of registration issued by the Director-General in
function conferred upon, or entrusted to, it, under these rules shall, in respect of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be carried in
such circumstances and under such conditions, if any, as may be that aircraft at all times.
specified in the direction, be exercised or performed by :
Section 2 – Marking of Aircraft
a) any officer or authority subordinate to it or him, or
13.Nationality and registration marks.
b) any other person.
The nationality mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan
shall be the letters "AP".
PART III - REGISTRATION AND MARKING OF AIRCRAFT
Section 1 – Registration of Aircraft The registration mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan
shall be the group of three letters assigned to the aircraft
6.Pakistan Aircraft Register.
and included in its certificate of registration.
(1) The Director-General shall maintain a register of aircraft which
The nationality and registration marks allocated to an
shall be called the Pakistan Aircraft Register and which shall be
aircraft shall be painted on its structure or affixed by any
kept in such form as the Director-General may determine.
other means giving a similar degree of permanence and shall
(2) The Pakistan Aircraft Register shall be made available for be clean and visible at all times.
inspection at such times and subject to such conditions as the
An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall carry an identification
Director-General may specify.
plate inscribed with its nationality and registration marks.
7.Unregistered aircraft not to fly.- The plate shall be made of fireproof material and shall be
An aircraft other than a military aircraft shall not fly in Pakistan secured to the aircraft in a prominent position near the main
unless it has been included in the Pakistan Aircraft Register or entrance.

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PART IV- AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS and it does not carry passengers or cargo, or any persons
Section 1 – Certificate of Airworthiness other than those related to qualifying it for the issue of a
16. Aircraft to have a Certificate of Airworthiness.- certificate of Airworthiness; and

An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not fly unless there is, Where an aircraft is to be exported from Pakistan, the
relating to that aircraft, a current certificate of Airworthiness Director-General may issue an export certificate of
Airworthiness in such form as he may prescribe in the
issued or validated by the Director General, except that:
circumstances of the case in respect of the aircraft. An
(a) an aircraft that has previously been given a certificate of
export certificate of Airworthiness is not a certificate of
Airworthiness may fly, subject to approval by the Director-
Airworthiness for the purpose of these rules.
General for the purpose of qualifying the aircraft for the re-issue
of the certificate, or if the aircraft has suffered damage, to 17 Foreign aircraft to have a certificate of Airworthiness.
position the aircraft at an aerodrome at which the repairs An aircraft registered in a State other than Pakistan shall not fly
necessary to restore it to an airworthy condition can be carried within Pakistan unless there is relating to that aircraft, a current
out, provided that in each case it has been certified as fit to fly certificate of Airworthiness issued or validated by the State of
by a person authorized to do so under these rules and it does not registry of the aircraft.
carry passengers or cargo, or any persons other than those
18 Issue of certificate of Airworthiness.
required to perform duties in the aircraft related to qualifying it
(1) The Director-General shall issue or validate a certificate of
for the re-issue of the certificate of Airworthiness or to
Airworthiness subject to such conditions as he sees fit
positioning it at another aerodrome;
when he is satisfied that:
(b) an aircraft that has been constructed in Pakistan may fly, subject
(a) there has been issued by the appropriate authority of the
to the issue of a permit to fly by the Director-General, for the
State from which the aircraft has been exported to Pakistan,
purpose of qualifying the aircraft for the issue of a certificate of
a certificate with respect to the Airworthiness of the aircraft
Airworthiness provided that it has been certified as fit to fly by a
that is acceptable to the Director-General; or
person duly authorized by the Director General

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(b) the aircraft was manufactured by the holder of a certificate of or by the Director-General, as essential for the continued
approval issued by the Director-General with respect to that Airworthiness of the aircraft is not carried out;
manufacture. (e) if any modification is carried out, or equipment installed
(2) A certificate of Airworthiness issued or validated underthis rule other than as approved by the Director-General;
shall be valid for such period as the Director-General may (f) if any Airworthiness directive issued by the State of
determine not exceeding twelve months from the date of issue. manufacture, or a directive issued by the Director-General,
!9. Conditions of validity of Certificate of Airworthiness.- is not complied with; or
A certificate of Airworthiness issued by the Director-General in respect (g) if the aircraft has sustained damage of such a nature that in
of an aircraft shall cease to be current: the opinion of a maintenance engineer licensed under these
rules, or employed by a maintenance organization approved
(a) after the date of expiry included in the certificate;
under these rules, it is no longer fit to fly.
(b) if the aircraft, or any of its equipment which is essential to the Section 2 – Approval of Aircraft Constructors, Suppliers, Stockists
continued Airworthiness of the aircraft, is overhauled or and Distributors of Aircraft Components and Maintenance
repaired, or such equipment is removed or replaced, other than Organizations
in a manner which complies with the maintenance and repair
25.Approval of maintenance organizations.-
procedures issued by the aircraft manufacturer and any
maintenance schedule issued by the State of manufacture of the a. Maintenance or inspection of aircraft registered in
aircraft and approved by the Director-General; Pakistan shall not be carried out other than by an
(c) if any inspection of the aircraft, or of the aforementioned approved maintenance organization or by persons
essential equipment, required by the approved maintenance licensed or otherwise authorized to do so under
procedure or schedules is not carried out; these rules.
(d) if any modification specified by the State of manufacture, b. An aircraft maintenance organization within
Pakistan shall obtain the approval of the Director-
General and shall comply with such directions as he
may give before commencing operation.

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(c) Applicants for an approval under this rule shall comply with such Section 3 – Maintenance of Airworthiness
requirements as the Director-General may specify and any
27.Maintenance, inspection and servicing of aircraft.- An
approval shall be subject to such conditions as the Director-
aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not fly unless;
General may attach to it.
(d) Aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not be maintained or The aircraft, including its engines, equipment and radios, has
been maintained and periodically inspected in accordance
modified, or repaired by an organization outside Pakistan except
with the maintenance procedures approved in respect of
with the approval of the Director-General.
that aircraft by the Director-General; and
(e) An approval given under this rule shall be valid for such period
Any repairs, replacements or modifications have been
as the Director General may specify, not exceeding one year.
carried out in a manner approved by the Director- General;
(f) An operator shall provide for the proper and periodic instruction
and
of all maintenance personnel and the training program shall be
All modifications and inspections deemed mandatory by the
subject to the approval of the Director-General.
Director-General have been carried out within the
26.Suspension or cancellation of approval of a maintenance
prescribed time periods, or within such extended periods as
organization.-
may have been authorized by the Director-General; and
If the Director-General has reason to believe that a maintenance
All defects entered in the aircraft technical log have been
organization has ceased to comply with the conditions for approval, he
rectified, or have been deferred in accordance with
may, subject to the provisions of rule 341, suspend such approval for
procedures approved by the Director-General; and
such period as he deems fit, or may cancel it.
The aircraft has been serviced and replenished in
accordance with the procedures specified in the flight
manual or maintenance documents, using the substances or
materials specified therein, or as may be specified by the
Director-General in Air Navigation Orders, or by other
means; and

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In the case of aircraft in respect of which a certificate of 27B. Issuance of Maintenance release.
airworthiness in the private category has been issued, a Maintenance release in respect of a registered aircraft shall
certificate of maintenance has been completed and signed be issued only by authorized persons and in such a manner,
by a person authorized to do so by the Director- General, to and in accordance with such form, as the Director- General
certify that all maintenance work has been completed may direct.
satisfactorily and in accordance with the approved
28.Maintenance of commercial aircraft.-
maintenance procedures and schedules; or
All work carried out on a regular public transport aircraft, a
In the case of aircraft in respect of which a certificate of
charter aircraft, or an aerial work aircraft in respect of
airworthiness in the public transport category or aerial work
overhaul, repair, installation of equipment, or inspection
category, has been issued:
shall be carried out by, or under the supervision of the
(a) certificate of release to service has been completed
holder of an appropriate Licence, except that if the overhaul,
and signed by a person authorized to do so by the
repair, installation of equipment, or inspection is carried out
Director-General, being a certificate issued after
by a maintenance organization approved under this Part
overhauls, repairs, replacements, modifications and
such work may be carried out by, or under the supervision
mandatory inspections have been carried out on that
of a person or persons, approved by the Director-General for
aircraft; and
that purpose.
(b) certificate of maintenance review has been
A person, other than an authorized person employed by a
completed and signed by a person authorized to do so
maintenance organization approved under this Part shall
by the Director-General, certifying that all maintenance
not sign a certificate of release to service or a certificate of
specified in the approved maintenance schedule has
maintenance review in respect of a regular public transport
been carried out within the time period specified
aircraft, a charter aircraft, or an aerial work aircraft unless
therein, or within such extended period as may have
he is the holder of an appropriate Licence.
been authorized by the Director-General.
For the purpose of this rule, an appropriate Licence shall be
an aircraft maintenance engineer Licence, issued or

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recognized as valid by the Director-General, authorizing the circumstances under which these certificates are to be
holder to carry out, or to supervise the overhaul, the repair, issued and the personnel authorized to sign them.
the installation of equipment, or the modification of such
31.Minimum Equipment List.-
aircraft, or such part, or components, or equipment of
A regular public transport aircraft, or charter aircraft registered
aircraft as are included in the Licence, and to certify as
in Pakistan shall not fly unless all the items of equipment which
airworthy an aircraft or parts of an aircraft or components,
are included in the minimum equipment list in the approved
or equipment as appropriate, following such overhauls,
flight manual, or other certification document for the aircraft, as
repairs, or modifications and to sign the appropriate
being required to be serviceable for the particular operation, are
certificate of release to service or certificate of maintenance
serviceable. No amendment shall be made to a minimum
review.
equipment list except with the approval of the Director-
30.Maintenance manuals.- General.
The operator of an aircraft, other than a private aircraft, registered in 32.Recording and reporting of defects.-
Pakistan shall provide for the use and guidance of the personnel or
(a).Any person concerned with the maintenance or
organization engaged in the repair, overhaul or maintenance of his
operation of an aircraft registered in Pakistan who becomes
aircraft a maintenance manual approved by the Director-General which
aware of a defect in that aircraft shall take such action as
contains at least the following:
may be necessary to record the defect in the appropriate
Procedures for servicing and maintenance;
maintenance document.
The frequency of each check, overhaul or inspection;
(b).An owner or operator of an aircraft registered in Pakistan
The responsibilities of the various classes of skilled which develops a defect, shall cause an investigation of the
maintenance personnel; defect to be carried out and, if it is a major defect, shall make
The servicing and maintenance methods; a report of the investigation as the Director-General may
specify.
The procedure for preparing the certificate of maintenance
review and the certificate of release to service, the

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Section 4 – Records of Maintenance

33.Operators to keep records.- their time in service which will enable their serviceability
to be determined and the remaining part of their
The operator of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall ensure that a
operating life to be computed, together with the date of
current maintenance record is kept which shall contain in respect of the
last inspection.
entire aircraft:
(a).The empty mass and the location of the centre of PART V - PERSONNEL LICENSES
gravity; Section 2 – Licensing of Personnel other than Flight Crew Member

(b).A record of the addition or removal of equipment; (22) Aircraft maintenance engineer licenses.
(c).Details of the type and extent of maintenance work (a) The Director General shall grant aircraft maintenance engineer
or modification or repair, the time in service and the licenses under this Part, subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, when
date that the work was carried out; and he is satisfied that the applicant for such a License is a fit person and is
(d).A chronological list of compliance with qualified by reason of his knowledge, experience, competence, skill,
Airworthiness directives together with the method of physical and mental fitness to act in the capacity authorized by the
license; for that purpose the applicant shall furnish such evidence,
compliance.
undergo such examinations and tests as the Director-General may
In the case of a regular public transport aircraft, a charter aircraft, or an
specify in Airworthiness notices and Air Safety Circulars.
aerial work aircraft, the record kept under this rule shall include:
in respect of the whole aircraft, the total time in
(b)The holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer license shall be
service;
authorized to carry out, or to supervise, such overhauls, authorized
in respect of the major components of the aircraft, the repairs, or authorized modifications of such aircraft, or parts, or
total time in service, the date of the last overhaul, and components, or equipment of aircraft as may be permitted by the
the date of the last inspection; and license, and to certify as airworthy such aircraft, or parts of an aircraft
in respect of those instruments and equipment’s which or components, or equipment as appropriate, following such
are limited to a specified period in service, a record of

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overhauls, repairs, or modifications, and to sign a certificate Refueling or refueling of an aircraft shall be supervised by a
of maintenance review or a certificate of release to service person appointed by the owner or operator of the aircraft,
in respect of the aircraft included in the license, within the or by a member of the flight crew, or by a supervisor
limitations of the license. appointed by the fuel supplier; the person supervising shall
(c) Aircraft maintenance engineer licenses issued under this Part shall ensure that the aircraft is bonded to the fueling hose and to
become valid on the date of issue and shall remain valid for a period not the fueling unit and that both are earthed, and that no
greater than two years. source of flame or sparks is in the vicinity of the aircraft.
(d). Renewal of such licenses shall be dependent on compliance with During refueling or refueling no electrical switch shall be
such requirements as may be specified by the Director-General in operated in the aircraft.
Airworthiness notices. 90 .Engines to be run by qualified personnel.-

PART VIII - AERODROME, FACILITIES AND SERVICES A person shall not start the engine or engines of an aircraft
Section 9 – Ground Operations Involving Aircrarft on the ground, nor operate the controls of an aircraft engine
which is running, unless that person is a pilot or flight
85.Fueling of aircraft.-
engineer, licensed to fly that aircraft, or is a licensed aircraft
An aircraft shall not be refueled or refueled at an maintenance engineer or a member of an approved
aerodrome: maintenance organization authorized to ground run the
Within 15 meters of a building; or engines of that aircraft.
At a time when passengers are embarking, or The engine or engines of an aircraft shall not be started
disembarking, or are on board, unless there are qualified unless chocks are in position in front of the main wheels, or
personnel in the aircraft who are ready to initiate and the aircraft brakes, if any are on.
direct an evacuation of the aircraft by the most practical
and expeditious means available, and who are in two
way communication with the ground crew supervising
the refueling.

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Section 10 – Conduct of Persons at an Aerodrome shall, with the prior approval of the Federal Government,
108. Provision of first aid kits.- issue the following licenses, namely:-
All tenants or lessees of hangars, workshops, or other premises regular public transport;
utilized for commercial purposes at an aerodrome shall provide charter, if the service is an international service, or if the
first aid kits of a type approved by the Director-General or the aircraft has a maximum permissible take-off mass
Manager, located in such hangars, workshops or premises at a greater than 5,700 kgs; or
conveniently accessible place. aerial work, if the service is an international service;
PART XI- LICENSING & CERTIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL AIR unless the operator of that aircraft holds an appropriate
OPERATIONS license granted by the Federal Government.
Section 1 – Applicability For the purpose of this rule, an appropriate license
means in the case of regular public transport a regular
176. Description of an operator.
public transport license, in the case of charter, a charter
For the purpose of this Part an operator is a person, organization
license, and in the case of aerial work, an aerial work
or enterprise engaged in, or offering to engage in, an aircraft
license.
operation and in the case of a Pakistan Operator is one that has
The period of validity of such a license and any
a principal place of business in Pakistan or, if there is no such
conditions attached to it shall be as determined by the
place of business, has a permanent residence in Pakistan.
Director General with the prior approval of Federal
Section 2 – Licensing of Commercial Operators Government.
177. Commercial operations to be licensed. Section 3 – Air Operator Certificate
An aircraft shall not fly for any type of operation unless the 186. Operators to hold an air operator certificate.-
operator of that aircraft holds an appropriate license
Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2 of this Part, an
granted by the Director-General. The Director General
aircraft shall not fly for the purpose of:

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regular public transport;
charter; or operations within the conditions and limitations, of that
certificate, provided that in the case of international
aerial work;
aerial work he has also been granted a Licence by the
unless the operator of that aircraft holds an air operator
Federal Government.
certificate issued by the Director-General.
An air operator certificate issued under this Part shall be
188 Air operator certificates.-
valid for a period of one year from the date of issue or
An air operator certificate issued under this Part shall be: renewal, unless suspended or cancelled by the Director-
an "air operator certificate - airline" which shall General.
authorize the holder to engage in regular public PART XIII - AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS
transport operations within the conditions and Section 2 – Aircraft Instruments and Equipment
limitations of that certificate, provided that he has also
243 Emergency locator beacons.-
been granted a Licence for such operations by the
Federal Government; An aircraft which is registered in Pakistan shall not be flown
over water at a distance of 93kms or more from land, or over
an "air operator certificate - charter" which shall
areas where search and rescue would be difficult unless it
authorize the holder to engage in charter operations
within the conditions and limitations of that certificate, carries an Emergency Location Beacon-Aircraft which;
provided that in the case of international charter operates automatically in the event of a crash;
operations, and of charter operations by aircraft with a is capable of manual operation by survivors;
maximum permissible take-off mass greater than 5,700 has a power source independent of the aeroplane;
kgs, he has also been granted a Licence for such is water resistant and buoyant; and
operations by the Federal Government; or
is unlikely to be rendered inoperative in the event of a
an "air operator certificate-aerial work" which shall
crash.
authorize the holder to engage in aerial work

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An aircraft to which this rule applied shall not be flown over permissible all up mass over 5700 kgs and which is operated
land areas in Pakistan which have been designated by the by the holder of an air operator certificate - airline or an air
Director-General as areas in which search and rescue would operator certificate-charter, shall not commence a flight
be especially difficult, or over land areas in other States unless it is equipped with a serviceable flight data recorder
which have been designated by the State concerned as areas capable of recording time, altitude, airspeed, vertical
in which search and rescue would be especially difficult acceleration and heading.
unless it is equipped with at least one portable survival radio If an aircraft subject to sub rule (1) of this rule has a
equipment and with such signaling devices and life saving maximum permissible all up mass over 27000 kgs, the flight
equipment, including means of sustaining life, as may be data recorder shall in addition be capable of recording the
appropriate to the area over flown. attitude, of the aircraft, and the basic forces acting upon it,
together with the origin of such forces. The aircraft shall also
246 In-flight emergency equipment.
be equipped with a serviceable cockpit voice recorder
An aircraft registered in Pakistan and operated by the holder of
capable of recording the aural environment of the flight
an Air Operator Certificate, shall not fly unless it is equipped
deck.
with:
Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders which are
adequate medical supplies which are appropriate to the
installed in compliance with this rule shall be so constructed
passenger carrying capacity of the aircraft and which are
and located as to afford maximum practicable protection to
accessible during flights;
the recorded data.
portable fire extinguishers, of a type which will not cause
Flight data recorders shall be capable of retaining the data
dangerous contamination of the air when they are used
recorded during at least the last 25 hours operation. Cockpit
inside the aeroplane, located in the pilot's compartment and
voice recorders shall be capable of retaining the information
in passenger compartments which are separate from the
recorded during at least the last 30 minutes of operation.
pilot's compartment;
Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders shall be
247 Flight recorders.
switched on at all times during flight.
(1) An aircraft registered in Pakistan which has a maximum

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253 Documents to be carried. PART XV - ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS
An aircraft registered in Pakistan other than a private Section 1 – Preliminary
aircraft shall not fly unless it carries: 269. Accidents and Incidents.-
the certificate of Airworthiness issued in relation to For the purpose of this Part:
that aircraft; An accident in relation to an aircraft, is an occurrence associated
the certificate of release to service and the certificate of with the operation of the aircraft which takes place between
maintenance review issued in relation to that aircraft; the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of
the aircraft Flight Manual or equivalent certification flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked,
document; in which:
the licenses issued in respect of the radio equipment a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of being
installed in the aircraft; in the aircraft, or of being in direct contact with any part
if passengers are carried, a list of their names, places of of the aircraft, including parts which have become
embarkation and intended places of disembarkation; detached from the aircraft, or of direct exposure to jet
if cargo is carried, bills of lading and manifests relating blast; except when the injuries are from natural causes,
or are self inflicted, by other persons, or when the
to that cargo;
injuries are to persons secreting themselves outside the
the Operations Manual or those parts of it relating
areas normally available to the passengers and crew; or
toflight operations.
the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which
adversely affects the structural strength, the
performance, or the flight characteristics of the aircraft,
and which would normally require major repair or
replacement of the affected component; except when
the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings or

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PART XIX - WITH HOLDING, SUSPENSION AND CANCELLATION OF
accessories, or when the damage is limited to propellers,
LICENSES AND CERTIFICATES
wing tips, antennas, tires, brakes, bearings, small dents
340 Refusal to grant or renew a license or certificate.-
or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or
The Director-General may refuse to grant or to renew a
(iii) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible ;
license or certificate under Parts IV, V, VI, VIII or XI of these
an incident in relation to an aircraft is an occurrence other rules on one or more of the following grounds:
than an accident associated with the operation of an aircraft the applicant has failed to satisfy a requirement
which affects or could affect the safety of operation and prescribed by or specified under these rules in relation
shall include such occurrences as the Director-General may to the granting of the license or certificate;
specify in Air Navigation Orders or by other means. the applicant has made a false or misleading statement
in his application, or in connection with his application;
PART XVIII - PENAL PROVISIONS AND PROSECUTIONS the applicant is the holder of a license that is
Section 1 – Penal Provisions suspended;
the applicant was the holder of a license that has been
333 Penalty for contravention of the rules.- cancelled; or
A person who contravenes or fails to comply with any the applicant is not a fit and proper person to have the
provision of these rules is guilty of an offence. responsibilities and to exercise the functions and duties
The owner, the operator and the hirer, and the pilot-in- of a holder of the license or certificate for which the
command and any other pilot, of an aircraft that flies in application was made.
contravention of or fails to comply with any provision of The reasons for such a refusal shall be given in writing by the
these rules is guilty of an offence. Director-General to the applicant, including a statement of
the facts or circumstances that justify the refusal.

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341 Suspension or cancellation of aerodrome or flying school issued under Part V of these rules, where he is satisfied
licenses and air operator certificates etc.- that one or more of the following is applicable:
For the purpose of enforcing compliance with these rules or the license holder has contravened or failed to comply
with the requirements of Air Navigation Orders, or with with any provision of the Civil Aviation Ordinance, 1960,
the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority, Ordinance 1982, or
directions issued under these rules, and provided that the
of these rules;
purpose is to be secure safety of flight operations, the the license holder fails to satisfy, or to continue to satisfy
Director-General may: any requirement prescribed by or specified under these
suspend any license or approval granted by him under rules in relation to the obtaining or holding of such a
Parts IV, VI or VIII of these rules or any certificate license;
granted by him under Part XI of these rules for such the license holder obtained the license as a result of
period of time as he may consider necessary, after making an untrue statement or by means of a
misrepresentation;
recording reasons therefore in writing, and/or;
the license holder has not complied with the
with the approval of the Federal Government cancels Requirements of Air Navigation Orders, or with
such a license; provided that in each case, notice in directions issued under these rules;
writing is delivered by hand to the holder of the license the license holder has failed in his duty with respect to
or certificate or is sent to him by registered post at the any matter affecting the safe or efficient flight operation
address given in the application for issue or renewal of of an aircraft;
the license or certificate. the license holder has ceased to be a fit and proper
person to have the responsibilities to exercise and
The notice of suspension or cancellation under this rule shall
perform the functions and duties of a holder of such a
include a full statement of the facts or circumstances that license; or
constitute the grounds for such action. the license holder is required to undergo an examination
or test under clause (e), sub rule (2), rule 4 of these rules,
342 Suspension or cancellation of personnel licenses.-
378 Repeal The Civil Aviation Rules, 1978, are hereby repealed.
a. The Director General may vary, or suspend, and with the
approval of the Federal Government may cancel, a
license

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SOME OF THE FOLLOWING AIR NAVIGATION ORDERS ARE OF

2 AIR NAVIGATION ORDERS (ANO) GREAT INTEREST TO AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS
These are the orders approved by DGCAA in accordance with
AND AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN:
Part 2 Administration, Rule regarding Duties and Powers of ANO-001-AWRG
DGCAA Rule No. 4.3 ( refer chapter 10.1.5 of this book) Approval of Maintenance Organizations (Approval of
Maintenance Organizations - (Shall be superseded by ANO-
Air Navigation Orders are approved by DGCAA and issued by
145-AWRG, for Commercial Air Transport and Aircraft above
different Directorates of PCAA.
5700 KGs)
Currently they are represented by:
ANO-00X-XXLC ANO-004-AWRG
Issued by PCAA Licensing Directorate Certificate of Airworthiness, Permit to Fly and Export C of A
ANO.91.XXXX / ANO.XXX.FSXX
ANO -007-AWRG
Issued by PCAA Flight Standards
Aircraft instruments, Equipments and Documents for Flight
Directorate ANO-0XX-AWRG
Issued by PCAA Airworthiness Directorate ANO -010-AWRG
IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW STANDARDS Approval of suppliers, stockiest & distributors

PCAA is in the process of implementing EASA (European Aviation ANO -015-AWRG Aircraft
Safety Agency) based SARI (South Asian Regional Initiative) Safety Assessment
Regulations in-order to harmonize the local standards with ANO-145-AWRG
those being followed by EASA. In line with this following ANOs Approved Maintenance Organizations
have been approved or in process and subsequently multiple
ANO-066-AWRG-1.0
Airworthiness Notices have been issued and are being
Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License
implemented phase wise:
ANO-147-AWRG-1.0
ANO-066-AWRG
Approved Maintenance Training Organizations
ANO-145-AWRG
ANO-147-AWRG
ANO-M – AWRG

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AWNOT-005-AWRG
3 AIRWORTHINESS NOTICES (AWNOT) Requirement for Registration of Aircraft
AWNOT-006-AWXX
The Airworthiness Notices, hereinafter referred to as Notices,
Purchase of Aircraft Stores
are approved by the Airworthiness Directorate of Civil Aviation
AWNOT-009-AWXX
Authority (powers delegated by DGCAA i.a.w. CAR 1994 Rule
Reporting, Investigation & Rectification of Defects
No. 5). The Notices are a means of circulating essential
information of an administrative or technical nature to all Civil AWNOT-010-AWAA
Limited Authorization
Aircraft Owners/ Organizations and Aircraft Maintenance
Engineers. AWNOT-011-AWXX
Aircraft Weight and Balance Control
These Notices are published as a guide and are intended to
highlight important operational and maintenance AWNOT-015-AWXX
Airworthiness Directives and Mandatory Service Bulletins
requirements of Civil Aviation Authority
AWNOT-018-AWXX
Instructions contained in these Notices are to be observed by
all concerned and where dates/periods are given for Engine Starting and Ground Running Procedure
compliance with such instructions, the specified date/period AWNOT-019-AWXX
must not be exceeded, except by the prior written authority of Medical Supplies On-Board Aircraft
the Director Airworthiness AWNOT-025-AWEG
Some of the following Air Worthiness Notices are of great Requirements for Issue and Extension of Shop Approvals
interest to Aircraft Maintenance Engineers and Aircraft
AWNOT-041-AWXX
Maintenance Technicians:
Removal of Aircraft from Civil Register
AWNOT-001-AWXX
AWNOT-052-AWXX
Foreword
Establishment of Civil Aviation Authority
AWNOT-004-AWXX
AWNOT-056-AWXX
Registration/Changeof Ownership/Possession ofAircraft in
Pakistan Access to and Opening of Emergency Exits

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AWNOT-061-AWXX AWNOT-081-AWEG Conversion

Physical and Mental Fitness of AMEs of Protected Rights
AWNOT-064-AWRG AWNOT-082-AWXX
ETOPS Maintenance Requirements Working Hours of Aircraft Maintenance Personnel
AWNOT-065-AWRG AWNOT-084-AWRG
Airworthiness Requirements for Issue / Renewal of AOC Requirements for Certification Authorization under ANO-
AWNOT-066-AWXX 145
General Requirements for Technical Performance & AWNOT-085-AWEG
Reliability Program of an Operator Issuance, Renewal and Extension of ANO-66 AML
AWNOT-070-AWXX AWNOT-087-AWRG
Implementation of PBN in Pakistan Requirements for Management Personnel under ANO 145
AWNOT-071-AWXX AWNOT-089-AWXX
PTA License, Radio installation Certificate & Allocation of Airworthiness Management System (AMS)
Aircraft address (24 BIT code) AWNOT-088-AWRG
AWNOT-072-AWRG Process for Initial / Continuation / Change of Domestic
Implementation of Safety Management System (SMS) in Maintenance Organization Approval under ANO-145
Approved Maintenance Organizations and Approved AWNOT-092-AWEG
Training Centers
Aircraft Type Rating List for ANO-66 AML
AWNOT-075-AWRG
AWNOT-093-AWEG
Use of Parts from other Aircraft (Including out of Service Requirements for domestic Maintenance Training
Aircraft)
Organization approval under ANO-147
AWNOT-078-AWEG
Examination of B1.1 & B2 Basic Courses
AWNOT-079-AWEG
Criteria for Instructors, Examiners & Practical Assessors

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PCAA POLICY LETTERS

These are letters issued by the DAW on any policy which needs
to be emphasized

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PCAA ENFORCEMENT MANUAL

If any organization or personnel is involved in any violation and that
violation leads to a financial penalty, then the manual which leads to
the implementation of fine is the PCAA Enforcement Manual
Before application of financial penalty, following process is
done
Violation report is filed
ONCR is raised
Oral Counseling is done
Show Cause Notice is issued
Refer Chapter 6 “Enforcement Processes/ Tools and Appeals, Review
and Revision” of PCAA Enforcement Manual
Airworthiness Publications include:
CAR 94
ANOs linked with Airworthiness
AWNs
Enforcement Manual

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C. TASKS
(a). Draft implementing rules in all fields pertinent to the EASA
10.1.6 ROLE OF EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY (EASA) mission
(b). Certify & approve products and organisations, in fields where
EASA has exclusive competence (e.g. airworthiness)
A. BIRTH OF EASA (c). Provide oversight and support to Member States in fields
EASA is an agency of the European Union (EU) with offices in Cologne, where EASA has shared competence (e.g. Air Operations , Air
Germany, which has been given regulatory and executive tasks in the Traffic Management)
field of civilian aviation safety. (d). Promote the use of European and worldwide standards
(e). Cooperate with international actors in order to achieve the
It was created on 15 July 2002, and it reached full functionality in 2008,
highest safety level for EU citizens globally (e.g. EU safety list, Third
taking over functions of the JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities)
Country Operators authorisations)
Web site www.easa.europa.eu
D. MEMBER STATES
B. MISSION
The European Union (EU) consists of 28 member states. Each
(a). Ensure the highest common level of safety protection for EU member state is party to the founding treaties of the union and
citizens thereby subject to the privileges and obligations of membership.
(b). Ensure the highest common level of environmental protection
In addition to the member states of the union, the countries part of
Single regulatory and certification process among Member
the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), i.e. Liechtenstein,
States
Norway, Switzerland and Iceland, have been granted participation
(c). Facilitate the internal aviation single market & create a level playing
under Article 66 of the Basic Regulation and are members of the
field
Management Board without voting rights.
(d). Work with other international aviation organisations & regulators

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E. AGENCY ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

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F. THE ROLE OF EASA IN LEGISLATION (h). Therefore, EASA conducts inspections of undertakings as
(a). EASA contributes to the production of all European Union well as national authorities throughout the European Union,
legislation related to the regulation of civil aviation safety and both to monitor the application of European Union rules on
environmental compatibility. aviation safety, and to assess the effectiveness of these rules.
(b). It submits opinions to the European Union Commission and must (i). EASA also provides technical training, which is essential to
be consulted by the Commission on all legislative proposals in this field. achieve overall consistency and high-level standards.
(c). Its experts have direct contact with all relevant organizations and (k). EASA is an independent legal entity set up by the European
authorities, and it makes use of the knowledge available within Union.
industry and national administrations across the European Union. (l). EASA assists the European Union Commission in preparing
(d). EASA, in consultation with its stakeholders, adopts also so-called European Union legislation on civil aviation safety and
'soft rules'. environmental compatibility.
(e). These are non-binding standards, specifications and guidance (m). It also develops its own standards (certification
material, to assist in the consistent application of European Union specifications and guidance material) to facilitate the
legislation across the European Union. implementation of its objectives).
(f). Where Community law is implemented at Member State level, EASA (n). EASA is responsible for the certification of aeronautical
assists the Commission in overseeing its effective application and its products - aircraft, engine parts and appliances - and the
uniform understanding. organizations that design them to ensure that aircraft are
(g).This ensures that the necessary standards are therefore being airworthy and meet environmental standards.
developed and maintained properly, uniformly and consistently across (o). It is also the ‘one-stop-shop’ for the certification of foreign
the European Union. organizations that manufacture or maintain products used by
Community operators.
(p).Where Community regulation is implemented at Member
State level (issuing of individual airworthiness certificates

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G. REGULATION AND ITS STRUCTURE

and approvals to production and maintenance organizations and Each Part to each implementing regulation has its own Acceptable
personnel in their territory), EASA assists the Commission in overseeing Means of Compliance and Guidance Material (AMC/GM).These AMC
its effective and uniform application. and GM are amended along with the amendments of the regulations.
(q).EASA works closely with countries outside the European Union and These AMC/GM are so-called ‘soft law’ (non-binding rules), and put
international organizations in the aviation field, to promote European down in form of EASA Decisions.
Union safety standards and ensure a high degree of harmonization
Furthermore, Certification Specifications are also related to the
across the world.
implementing regulations, respectively their parts. Like AMC/GM
(r). While the work of EASA focuses on the airworthiness and they are put down as Decisions and are non-binding.
environmental compatibility of aeronautical products, it also will be
Regulations/Implementing Regulations (‘hard law’)
given additional responsibilities as the scope of Community
competences is extended to the regulation of air operations, the Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material (‘soft law’)
licensing of flight crew and the oversight of third country aircraft flying
Certification Specifications (‘soft law’)
in the territory of Member States.
REGULATION 1592/2002 AND 216/2008 The
(s). In the longer term, it is also envisaged that EASA will play a role in
relation to the safety regulation of airport operation and air traffic Basic Regulation
management.
Regulation 1592/2002 established EASA and detailed the function of
EASA and how it would do its job. This was superseded in 2008 by
Regulation 216/2008.

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REGULATION 2042/2003 AND 1321/2014 REGULATION 1702/2003 AND 748/2012

Implementing Rule (IR) Maintenance Implementing Rule (IR) Certification
2042/2003 is concerned with the continued airworthiness of aircraft 1702/2003 is the regulation governing the airworthiness and
and their components as well as the approval of organisations and certification of aircraft and aircraft products. The annex to this
personnel involved in aircraft maintenance. This was superseded in regulation is Part 21 which details the requirements to be met by
2014 by Regulation 1321/2014. organisations who wish to carry out the design or production of
Part 145 aircraft or aircraft components. This was superseded in 2012 by
details the requirements which must be met by an organisation Regulation 748/2012.
wishing to carry out and certify the maintenance of aircraft. Also included under this regulation are the Certification Specifications
Part 66 (CS). These detail the standards which the design and manufacture of
deals with the qualification of certifying staff to work in Part aircraft and aircraft components must meet. There are many CSs, a
145 approved organisations. few of which are listed below.
Part 21
Part M
deals with the certification of design organisations for
deals with the management of the continuing airworthiness of
aircraft, aircraft products and modifications.
aircraft.
CS 23
Part 147 Deals with certification specifications for small aeroplanes.
details the requirements which must be met by an organisation
CS 25
wishing to carry out approved training of aircraft maintenance
Deals with certification specifications for large aeroplanes.
engineers.
CS 27
Deals with certification specifications for small helicopters
CS 29
Deals with certification specifications for large helicopters.

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STRUCTURE OF INDIVIDUAL PARTS. Acceptable Means of Compliance will lay down one acceptable
The individual Parts (e.g. Part 145) are each divided into sections. method for complying with the requirements. This method is
Section A lays down the requirements with which the acceptable to the Authority but is not the only method which
organisation or individual must comply and gives guidance on may be used. A different method could be used providing that
how these requirements can be satisfied. This is the part of the the authority will accept it.
document which will be considered on this course. Guidance Material gives some explanation of the contents of a
Section B lays down the procedures for the authorities (eg CAA) requirement and helps to clarify what the requirements are
to follow in order to regulate the approved companies and saying.
individuals. This part of the document is of little interest to us
and will not be studied on this course.
Note The content of Section A and Section B do not necessarily
correspond.
For example, Section 66.A.20 deals with privileges of certifying
staff and 66.B.20 deals with record keeping.
The appendices give extra information, mainly about the
relevant forms to be used but also other information relevant to
the requirements.
Supporting documents
The requirements in each part sometimes need clarification so
for each part there are Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)
and Guidance Material (GM).

EASA Headquart ers in Cologne, Germany

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B. PART 145 / PART 66

In the case of personal approvals, part of the approval process

involves the individual holding a license issued under Part 66 and
10.1.7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VARIOUS ANNEXES (PARTS) holding a type rating also issued under Part 66. At the same
SUCH AS EASA PART-21, PART-M, PART-145, PART-66, PART-147 time, for the individual to obtain a Part 66 license he must be
able to prove a certain amount of experience gained in a Part
The figure below shows the relationship between the various
EASA. 145 organization. Once this license has been issued then the
Part 145 organization can issue certification privileges.

A. PART 145 / PART M C. PART 66 / PART 147

Part 145 is central to the operation of a maintenance Part 66 is concerned with the licensing of aircraft engineers, and
organization and deals with all areas including the approval of lays down all the criteria for obtaining a basic license. Part 147
certifying personnel, the maintenance of aircraft operated lays down the criteria for approval of maintenance training
under EU OPS and the acceptance of new and overhauled
organizations. The Part 66 license can be gained by experienced
aircraft components. EU OPS states that any aircraft used for tradesmen passing exams with the national authority or by an
public transport must be appropriately maintained in
ab-initio student completing an approved training course. The
accordance with Part 145. Although the maintenance of an
training course must be approved under Part 147 and carried
operator’s aircraft may be carried out by another company, the
out at an approved training school if it is to be used to reduce
responsibility to ensure that it is carried out correctly and on
the experience requirement for the applicant. Additionally,
time lies with the operator. This function is known as continued
before an engineer can gain a type rating he must successfully
airworthiness and must be carried out in accordance with Part
complete a course of training on the particular aircraft and this
M. This means that the operator must gain approval under Part
course must be an approved course under Part 147.
M or contract this function to another company which holds
Part M approval.

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PART 145 / PART 21

Part 21 is concerned with the certification of new components.
Therefore it is important for personnel involved in aircraft
maintenance at a Part 145 organisation to have an
appreciation of the Part 21 certification.

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Accident investigation bodies issue safety recommendations
and analysis that guide the agency’s safety strategy.

10.1.8 RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITIES EU-SOUTH ASIA APP (AVIATION PARTNERSHIP PROJECT)
EASA works closely with representatives of other organizations to Building an aviation partnership between South Asia and the EU
ensure that the agency takes their views into account: Over the next 20 years, South Asia’s air traffic is forecast to have
the highest growth rate in the world. This provides a significant
Interested parties in industry, which are subject to rules drafted by challenge in the fields of safety oversight, capacity development
EASA, are key to ensuring the success of civil aviation safety standards and environmental protection. In this context, the EU-South Asia
by assisting in the drafting and correct application of European Aviation Partnership Project aims to:
Community and EASA rules; (a). Enhance relations between South Asian and European
institutions in the field of civil aviation
European aviation authorities perform a critical role in assisting EASA (b). Increase technical exchanges between the South Asian and
with the performance of its core rulemaking, certification and European aviation industries
standardization functions; (c). Support South Asia in developing its capacity for safety
oversight
International aviation organizations such as the Joint Aviation (d). Improve the environmental performance of the South
Authorities, Euro control and the International Civil Aviation Asian aviation sector
Organization work together with EASA to promote international civil
aviation standards;

International aviation authorities such as the Federal Aviation

Administration, Transport Canada, DAC/CTA (Brazil) and the Interstate Pakistan Sirilanka
Aviation Committee (Russia) work with EASA to ensure compliance
with international standards and to facilitate trade in aeronautical Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan
products.
India Maldives Nepal

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INTERNATIONAL OFFICES
In addition to its offices in Europe, EASA has international
offices in Washington (USA), Beijing (China), Montréal (Canada)
and Singapore, in order to:
(a). Further strengthen the cooperation with the local authorities and
industry;
(b). Facilitate the exchange of safety information;
(c).Support the implementation of agreements;
(d). Support EU industry, in particular when European products are
being certified by the local authorities.

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MODULE 10 – AVIATION LEGISLATION

SUB MODULE 10.2

CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE

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Intentionally Left Blank

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been prepared by putting together the regulations with the related
acceptable means of compliance (AMC) and guidance material (GM)
10.2 CERTIFYING STAFF - MAINTENANCE adopted so far.

NOTE:
10.2.1 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF ANO-66 & EASA
In this booklet only Regulations are defined for AMC and GM refer
PART-66
to PCAA and EASA websites.
http://caapakistan.com.pk/Airworthiness/AIR-ano.aspx
FOREWORD www.easa.europa.eu

1.The Civil Aviation Authorities of South Asian Regional Initiative (SARI) The content of this booklet is arranged as follows: PCAA ANO-066-
members (here in after referred as “Member State Country”) have AWRG regulation appear first and followed by the differences
agreed to a common comprehensive and detailed aviation between EASA PART-066 and PCAA ANO-066 if exist. EASA
requirements, with a future view to make it compatible for maintenance differences are color-coded as grey in a box and can be identified
carried out in one member state to be accepted by the Civil Aviation according to the illustration below.
Authority in another Member State.
2.ANO-066-AWRG (herein also referred as “ANO-066”), establishes the EASA Part-066
The aircraft maintenance licence becomes invalid 5 years after its last
requirements for application, issue and continuation of PCAA ANO-066
issue or change, unless the holder submits his/her aircraft maintenance
“Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License (AML)” validity.
licence to the competent authority that issued it, in order to verify that
3.This ANO has been issued in a consolidate version in order to provide the information contained in the licence is the same as that contained
its stakeholders with an updated and easy-to-read publication. It has in the competent authority records, pursuant to point 66.B.120.

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66.1 AUTHORITY 66.2 IMPLEMENTATION

This Air Navigation Order (ANO) is issued by Director General of Pakistan This Air Navigation Order shall become effective from 11th September,
Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA) in pursuance of power vested in him 2017 and supersedes ANO-066-AWRG-1.0, issued on 18th November,
under Rule 4, 5, 180, 360 and subrule (3) and (5) of Rule 333 and all 2013, ANO-014-AWRG-2.0 issued on 4th April, 2011, ANO-017-AWRG-
other enabling provisions of the Civil Aviation Rules 1994 (CARs, 1994). 2.0 issued on 4th April, 2011 and Manual MNL- 066-AWRG-1.0 dated
EASA Part-066 15th August, 2013.
66.1 Competent authority
For the purpose of this Annex (Part-66), the competent authority shall
be:
1.the authority designated by the Member State to whom a person
first applies for the issuance of an aircraft maintenance licence; or
the authority designated by another Member State, in case it
would be different, subject to agreement with the authority
referred to in point 1. In that case, the licence referred to in point
1 shall be revoked, all the records mentioned in point 66.B.20 shall
be transferred and a new licence shall be issued on the basis of
these records.
The Agency shall be responsible for defining:
the list of aircraft types; and
what airframe/engine combinations are included in each
particular aircraft type rating.

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66.A.5 AIRCRAFT GROUPS
SECTION A – TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
For the purpose of ratings on aircraft maintenance license aircraft shall
be classified in the following groups:
SUBPART A- AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE
Group 1: complex motor-powered aircraft as well as multiple engine
66.A.1 SCOPE helicopters, aero planes with maximum certified operating altitude
This section defines the aircraft maintenance license and establishes exceeding FL290, aircraft equipped with fly-by-wire systems and
the requirements for application, issue and continuation of its validity other aircraft requiring an aircraft type rating when defined so by
PCAA.
66.A.3 LICENSE CATEGORIES Group 2: aircraft other than those in Group 1 belonging to the
(a). Aircraft maintenance licenses includes the following categories: following subgroups:
Sub-group 2a: single turbo-propeller engine aero planes
Category A
Category B1 Sub-group 2b: single turbine engine helicopters
Sub-group 2c: single piston engine helicopters
Category B2
Group 3: piston engine aero planes other than those in Group 1.
Category B3
Category C
66.A.10 APPLICATION
(b). Categories A and B1 are subdivided into subcategories relative to
a. An application for an aircraft maintenance engineer license or
combinations of aero planes, helicopters, turbine and piston engines.
changes to such license shall be made on PCAA Form 19 in a
The subcategories are:
manner established by PCAA and submitted thereto. (Fig.
A1 and B1.1 Aero planes
Appendix-V)
Turbine A2 and B1.2 Aero b. Reserved
planes Piston A3 and B1.3
EASA Part-066
Helicopters Turbine A4 and B1.4 An application for the change to an aircraft maintenance license
Helicopters Piston shall be made to the competent authority of the Member State that
issued the aircraft maintenance license.
(c). Categories B3 is applicable to piston-engine non-pressurized aero
planes of 2000 Kg MTOM and below.

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c. In addition to the documents required in points 66.A.10(a),

66.A.10(b) and 66.B.105, as appropriate, the applicant for 66.A.15 ELIGIBILITY
additional basic categories or subcategories to an aircraft An applicant for an aircraft maintenance engineer license shall be
maintenance engineer licence shall submit his/her current at least 18 years of age.
original license to PCAA together with the Form 19.
d. Reserved 66.A.20 PRIVILEGES
EASA Part-066 The following privileges shall apply:
Where the applicant for change of the basic categories qualifies for such
1.A category A aircraft maintenance engineer license permits the holder
change via the procedure referred to in point 66.B.100 in a Member
State other than the Member State which issued the license, the to issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line
application shall be sent to the competent authority referred to in point maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks
66.1. specifically endorsed on the certification authorization referred to in
point 145.A.35 of ANO-145. The certification privileges shall be
e. Reserved restricted to work that the license holder has personally performed in
EASA Part-066 the maintenance organization that issued the certification
Where the applicant for change of the basic categories qualifies for such authorization.
change via the procedure referred to in point 66.B.105 in a Member 2.A category B1 aircraft maintenance engineer license shall permit the
State other than the Member State which issued the license, the
holder to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B1 support
maintenance organisation approved in accordance with Annex II (Part-
145) shall send the aircraft maintenance licence together with the EASA staff following:
Form 19 to the competent authority referred to in point 66.1 for stamp a) Maintenance performed on aircraft structure, powerplant and
and signature of the change or reissue of the licence, as appropriate. mechanical and electrical systems.
b) Work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove
f. Each application shall be supported by documentation to
demonstrate compliance with the applicable theoretical knowledge, their serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting.
practical training and experience requirements at the time of Category B1 includes the corresponding A subcategory.
application. 3.A category B2 aircraft maintenance license shall permit the holder:

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Work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to
To issue certificates of release to service and to act as B2 support staff prove their serviceability and not requiring
for following: troubleshooting.
Maintenance performed on avionic and electrical systems, and 5.A category C aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to
Electrical and avionics tasks within powerplant and mechanical issue certificates of release to service following base maintenance on
systems, requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability; and aircraft. The privileges apply to the aircraft in its entirety.
The holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer license may not
To issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line exercise certification privileges unless:
maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks 1. In compliance with the applicable requirements of ANO-M and
specifically endorsed on the certification authorization referred to in / or ANO-145; and
point 145.A.35 of ANO-145. This certification privilege shall be restricted 2. In the preceding 2-year period he/she has, either had six months
to work that the license holder has personally performed in the of maintenance experience in accordance with the privileges
maintenance organization, which issued the certification authorization granted by the aircraft maintenance engineer licence or, met the
and limited to the ratings already endorsed in the B2 license. provision for the issue of the appropriate privileges; and
The category B2 license does not include any A subcategory. 3. He/she has the adequate competence to certify maintenance
NOTE: on the corresponding aircraft; and
Instruments are formally included within the privileges of the B2 licence
4. He/she is able to read, write and communicate to an
holders. However, maintenance on electromechanical and pitot-static
components may also be released by a B1 license holder. understandable level in the language(s) in which the technical
documentation and procedures necessary to support the issue
4.A category B3 aircraft maintenance license shall permit the holder to
of the certificate of release to service are written.
issue certificates of release to service and to act as B3 support staff for:
Maintenance performed on aeroplane structure,
powerplant and mechanical and electrical systems,

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66.A.25 BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS 66.A.30 BASIC EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS

(a). An applicant for an aircraft maintenance engineer license, or the NEW LICENSE
addition of a category or subcategory to such a license, shall (a). An applicant for an aircraft maintenance engineer licence shall
demonstrate by examination a level of knowledge in the appropriate have acquired:
subject modules in accordance with Appendix I to this ANO. The 1.For category ‘A’ and subcategories B1.2 and B1.4 and category B3:
examination shall be conducted either by a training organisation (i). 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating
appropriately approved in accordance with ANO-147/EASA Part-147 or aircraft, if the applicant has no previous relevant technical
by PCAA. training; or
(b). The training courses and examinations shall be passed within 10 (ii). 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating
years prior to the application for an aircraft maintenance license or the aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by
addition of a category or subcategory to such aircraft maintenance PCAA as a skilled worker, in a technical trade; or
license. Should this not be the case, examination credits may however (iii). 1 year of practical maintenance experience on operating
be obtained in accordance with point (c). aircraft and completion of a basic training course approved in
(c). The applicant may apply to PCAA for full or partial examination accordance with ANO-147/EASA Part-147.
credit to the basic knowledge requirements for: 2.For category B2 and subcategories B1.1 and B1.3:
Basic knowledge examinations that do not meet the (i). 5 of practical maintenance experience on operating
requirement described in point (b) above; and aircraft if the applicant has no previous relevant technical
Any other technical qualification considered by PCAA to be training; or
equivalent to the knowledge standard of ANO-066. (ii). 3 of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft
and completion of training considered relevant by PCAA as a
Credits shall be granted in accordance with Subpart E of Section B
skilled worker, in a technical trade; or
of this ANO.
(iii). 2 of practical maintenance experience on operating
(d). Credits expire 10 years after they were granted to the applicant by aircraft and completion of a basic training course approved in
PCAA. The applicant may apply for new credits after expiration. accordance with ANO-147/EASA Part-147.
3. For category C with respect to complex motor-powered aircraft:

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(c).The experience shall be practical and involve a representative cross
(i). 3 years of experience exercising category B1.1, B1.3 or B2 privileges on section of maintenance tasks on aircraft.
complex motor-powered aircraft or as support staff according to point
145.A.35, or, a combination of both; or
(d).At least 1 year of the required experience shall be recent
(ii). 5 years of experience exercising category B1.2 or B1.4 privileges on
maintenance experience on aircraft of the category/subcategory for
complex motor-powered aircraft or as support staff according to point
which the initial aircraft maintenance licence is sought. For subsequent
145.A.35, or a combination of both;
category/subcategory additions to an existing aircraft maintenance
4.For category C with respect to other than complex motor-powered licence, the additional recent maintenance experience required may be
aircraft: less than 1 year, but shall be at least 3 months. The required experience
3 years of experience exercising category B1 or B2 privileges on shall be dependent upon the difference between the licence
other than complex motor-powered aircraft or as support staff category/subcategory held and applied for. Such additional experience
according to point 145.A.35, or a combination of both; shall be typical of the new licence category/subcategory sought.
5.For category C obtained through the academic route:
ALTERNATE EXPERIENCE
An applicant holding an academic degree in a technical
€.Notwithstanding point (a), aircraft maintenance experience gained
discipline, from a university or other higher educational
outside a civil aircraft maintenance environment shall be accepted when
institution recognized by Higher Education Commission (HEC)
such maintenance is equivalent to that required by this ANO as
and PCAA, 3 years of experience working in a civil aircraft
established by PCAA. Additional experience of civil aircraft maintenance
maintenance environment on a representative selection of tasks
shall, however, be required to ensure adequate understanding of the
directly associated with aircraft maintenance including 6
civil aircraft maintenance environment.
months of observation of base maintenance tasks.
LICENSE EXTENSION (f).Experience shall have been acquired within the 10 years preceding
(b) An applicant for an extension to an aircraft maintenance license shall the application for an aircraft maintenance license or the addition of a
have a minimum civil aircraft maintenance experience requirement category or subcategory to such a license.
appropriate to the additional category or subcategory of license applied
for as defined in Appendix IV to this ANO.

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66.A.40 CONTINUED VALIDITY OF THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE 66.A.45 ENDORSEMENT WITH AIRCRAFT RATINGS
ENGINEER LICENSE (a).In order to be entitled to exercise certification privileges on a specific
(a).The aircraft maintenance license becomes invalid 2 years after its aircraft type, the holder of an aircraft maintenance license needs to
initial issue or last renewal, unless the holder submits his/her aircraft have his/her license endorsed with the relevant aircraft ratings.
maintenance license to PCAA, in order to verify that the information For category B1, B2 or C the relevant aircraft ratings are the following:
contained in the license is the same as that contained in PCAA records, For group 1 aircraft, the appropriate aircraft type rating.
pursuant to point 66.B.120.
For group 2 aircraft, the appropriate aircraft type rating,
EASA Part-066
manufacturer subgroup rating or full sub-group rating.
The aircraft maintenance license becomes invalid 5 years after its last
issue or change, unless the holder submits his/her aircraft maintenance For group 3 aircraft, the appropriate aircraft type rating or
license to the competent authority that issued it, in order to verify that full group rating.
the information contained in the license is the same as that contained in For category B3, the relevant rating is “piston-engine non-pressurized
the competent authority records, pursuant to point 66.B.120.
aeroplanes of 2000 Kg MTOM and below”.
(b).The holder of an aircraft maintenance license shall complete the
For category A, no rating is required, subject to compliance with the
relevant parts of PCAA Form 19 and submit it with the holder's copy of
the license to PCAA in accordance with AWNOT-085, unless the holder requirements of point 145.A.35 of ANO-145.
works in a maintenance organization approved in accordance with ANO- (b).The endorsement of aircraft type ratings requires the satisfactory
145 that has a procedure in its exposition whereby such organization completion of the relevant category B1, B2 or C aircraft type training.
may submit the necessary documentation on behalf of the aircraft
maintenance license holder.

(c).Any certification privilege based upon an aircraft maintenance (c).In addition to the requirement of point (b), the endorsement of the
engineer license becomes invalid as soon as the aircraft maintenance first aircraft type rating within a given category/sub-category requires
engineer license is invalid. satisfactory completion of the corresponding On the Job Training, as
described in Appendix III to ANO-066.
(d).
(d).The aircraft maintenance engineer license is only valid (i) when
issued and/or changed by PCAA and (ii) when the holder has signed (d) By derogation from points (b) and (c), for group 2 and 3 aircraft,
the document. aircraft type ratings may also be granted after:

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Satisfactory completion of the relevant category B1, B2 or C aircraft to the license category and to the applicable aircraft sub-group.
type examination described in Appendix III to this ANO-066, and (f). For group 3 aircraft:
In the case of B1 and B2 category, demonstration of practical 1. The endorsement of the full group 3 rating for category B1, B2
experience on the aircraft type. In that case, the practical experience and C license holders requires demonstration of practical
shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities experience, which shall include a representative cross section of
relevant to the license category. maintenance activities relevant to the license category and to
the group 3.
In the case of a category C rating for a person qualified by holding an 2. For category B1, unless the applicant provides evidence of
academic degree as specified in point 66.A.30(a)(5), the first relevant appropriate experience, the group 3 rating shall be subject to
aircraft type examination shall be at the category B1 or B2 level. the following limitations, which shall be endorsed on the license:
Pressurized aero planes
(e). For group 2 aircraft:
Metal structure aero planes
1. The endorsement of manufacturer sub-group ratings for Composite structure aeroplanes
category B1 and C license holders requires complying with the Wooden structure aeroplanes
aircraft type rating requirements of at least two aircraft types Aeroplanes with metal tubing structure covered with fabric.
from the same manufacturer which combined are (g).For the B3 license:
representative of the applicable manufacturer sub-group;; 1. The endorsement of the rating ‘piston-engine non-pressurised
2. The endorsement of full sub-group ratings for category B1 and aeroplanes of 2000kg MTOM and below’ requires
C license holders requires complying with the aircraft type rating demonstration of practical experience which shall include a
requirements of at least three aircraft types from different representative cross-section of maintenance activities relevant
manufacturers which combined are representative of the to the license category.
applicable sub-group; 2. Unless the applicant provides evidence of appropriate
3. The endorsement of manufacturer sub-groups and full sub- experience, the rating referred to in point 1 shall be subject to
group ratings for category B2 licence holders requires the following limitations, which shall be endorsed on the license:
demonstration of practical experience which shall include a
representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant

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maintenance licence by PCAA without further examination subject
Wooden structure aeroplanes
to the conditions specified in Section B Subpart D.
Aeroplanes with metal tubing structure covered with
Fabric metal structure aeroplanes (b).A person undergoing a certifying staff qualification process valid
Composite structure aeroplanes. in Pakistan, prior to the applicability date of ANO-066 may continue
to be qualified. The holder of a certifying staff qualification gained
66.A.50 LIMITATIONS following such process shall be issued an aircraft maintenance
(a).Limitations introduced on an aircraft maintenance licence are licence by PCAA without further examination subject to the
exclusions from the certification privileges and affect the aircraft in its conditions specified in Section B Subpart D.
entirety. (c).Where necessary, the aircraft maintenance licence shall contain
(b).For limitations referred to in point 66.A.45, limitations shall be limitations in accordance with point 66.A.50 to reflect the
removed upon: differences between (i) the scope of the certifying staff qualification
Demonstration of appropriate experience, or valid in Pakistan before the applicability date of ANO-066 and (ii) the
basic knowledge requirements and the basic examination standards
After a satisfactory practical assessment performed by PCAA.
laid down in Appendix I and II to this ANO. For further details, kindly
(c).For limitations referred to in point 66.A.70, limitations shall be refer latest issue of AWNOT-081.
removed upon satisfactory completion of examination on those
(d).By derogation to paragraph (c) for aircraft not involved in
modules/subjects defined in the applicable conversion report referred
commercial air transport other than complex motor-powered
to in point 66.B.300. For further details on required modules and
aircraft, the aircraft maintenance engineer licence shall contain
experiance, kindly refer latest issue of AWNOT-081.
limitations in accordance with point 66.A.50 to ensure that the
certifying staff privileges valid in Pakistan before the applicability
66.A.55 EVIDENCE OF QUALIFICATION
date of ANO-066 and the privileges of the converted ANO-066
Personnel exercising certification privileges as well as support staff aircraft maintenance licence remain the same.
shall produce their licence, as evidence of qualification, within 24
hours upon request by an authorised person.

66.A.70 CONVERSION PROVISIONS

(a) The holder of a certifying staff qualification valid in Pakistan, prior
to the applicability date of ANO-066 shall be issued an aircraft

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license uses the AMC of this ANO, PCAA shall consider the
SECTION B – PROCEDURES FOR PAKISTAN CAA
regulatory requirements as met.
SUBPART A - GENERAL
66.B.20 RECORD-KEEPING
66.B.1 SCOPE
(a) PCAA shall establish a system of record-keeping that allows
This section establishes the procedures including the administrative
requirements to be followed by PCAA for the implementation and the adequate traceability of the process to issue, revalidate, change,
suspend or revoke each aircraft maintenance engineer license.
enforcement of Section A of this ANO.
(b) The records shall include for each license:
66.B.10 COMPETENT AUTHORITY 1.The application for an aircraft maintenance license or change to
that license, including all supporting documentation;
General:
2. A copy of the aircraft maintenance license including any
For the purpose of this ANO, “Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority
(PCAA)” is the competent authority allocated with the changes;
responsibilities for issuance, continuation, change, conversion, 3. Copies of all relevant correspondence;
suspension or revocation of aircraft maintenance engineer licenses.
4. Details of any exemption and enforcement actions;
PCAA shall establish an adequate organizational structure to
5. Any report from other competent authorities relating to the
ensure compliance with this ANO.
aircraft maintenance license holder;
Resources:
6. The records of examinations conducted by PCAA;
PCAA shall be appropriately staffed to ensure the implementation
of the requirements of this ANO. 7. The applicable conversion reports used for conversion;
Procedures: 8. The applicable credit report used for crediting.
PCAA shall establish documented procedures detailing how (c) Records referred to in point 1 to 5 shall be kept at least 5 years
compliance with ANO-066 is accomplished. The procedures shall be after the end of the license validity.
reviewed and amended to ensure continued compliance.
(d) Records referred to in point 6, 7 and 8 shall be kept for an
66.B.15 ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE: unlimited period.
When the applicant for issuance, continuation, conversion,
suspension or revocation of an aircraft maintenance engineer

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SECTION B – PROCEDURES FOR PAKISTAN CAA

66.B.25 RESERVED
EASA Part-066
SUBPART B- ISSUE OF AN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE
66.B.25 Mutual exchange of information ENGINEER LICENSE
In order to implement the requirement of this Regulation, the competent This subpart provides the procedures to be followed by PCAA to issue
authorities shall participate in a mutual exchange of information in change or continue an aircraft maintenance license.
accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008. (b)Without
prejudice to the competencies of the Member States, in the case of a 66.B.100 PROCEDURE FOR THE ISSUE OF AN AIRCRAFT
potential safety threat involving several Member States, the concerned MAINTENANCE LICENSE BY PCAA (for more details,
competent authorities shall assist each other in carrying out the necessary kindly refer latest issue of AWNOT-085)
oversight action.
(a) On receipt of PCAA Form 19 and any supporting documentation,
PCAA shall verify Form 19 for completeness and ensure that the
66.B.30 EXEMPTIONS
experience claimed meets the requirement of ANO-066.
All exemptions granted in accordance with the applicable national
(b) PCAA shall verify an applicant's examination status and/or
regulation shall be recorded and retained by PCAA.
confirm the validity of any credits to ensure that all required
modules of Appendix I, have been met as required by this ANO.
(c) When having verified the identity and date of birth of the
applicant and being satisfied that the applicant meets the standards
of knowledge and experience required by this ANO, PCAA shall issue
the relevant aircraft maintenance license to the applicant. The same
information shall be kept on PCAA record.
EASA Part-066
In the case where aircraft types or groups are endorsed at the time of
the issuance of the first aircraft maintenance license, the competent
authority shall verify compliance with point 66.B.115.

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66.B.105 PROCEDURE FOR THE ISSUE OF AN AIRCRAFT 66.B.115 PROCEDURE FOR THE CHANGE OF AN AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE LICENCE VIA A MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION MAINTENANCE LICENSE TO INCLUDE AN AIRCRAFT TYPE OR
APPROVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANO-145 GROUP
(a) A maintenance organization approved in accordance with ANO- (a) On receipt of a satisfactory PCAA Form 19 and any supporting
145, will make recommendations to PCAA regarding the application documentation demonstrating compliance with the requirements
from an individual for an aircraft maintenance license so that PCAA of the applicable rating, as mentioned in latest issue of AWNOT-085,
may prepare and issue such license.
together with the accompanying aircraft maintenance license, PCAA
EASA Part-066
shall either:
A maintenance organization approved in accordance with Annex II
(Part-145), when authorized to carry out this activity by the competent 1. Endorse the applicant's aircraft maintenance license with the
authority, may (i) prepare the aircraft maintenance license on behalf of applicable aircraft rating; or
the competent authority or (ii) make recommendations to the 2. Reissue the said license to include the applicable aircraft rating;
competent authority regarding the application from an individual for a
aircraft maintenance license so that the competent authority may or
prepare and issue such license. 3. Remove the applicable limitations in accordance with point
(b) Maintenance organizations referred to in point (a) shall ensure 66.A.50.
compliance with points 66.B.100(a) and (b). PCAA record system shall be changed accordingly.
(c) In all cases, the aircraft maintenance engineer license can only (b) In the case where the complete type training is not conducted by
be issued to the applicant by PCAA. maintenance training organization appropriately approved in
accordance with ANO-147, PCAA shall be satisfied that all type
66.B.110 PROCEDURE FOR THE CHANGE OF AN AIRCRAFT training requirements are complied with before the type rating is
MAINTENANCE LICENSE TO INCLUDE AN ADDITIONAL BASIC issued.
CATEGORY OR SUBCATEGORY (c) In the case where the On-the-Job Training is not required, the
(a) At the completion of the procedures specified in points 66.B.100 aircraft type rating shall be endorsed based on a Certificate of
or 66.B.105, PCAA shall endorse the additional basic category or Recognition issued by a maintenance training organization
subcategory on the aircraft maintenance license by stamp and approved in accordance with ANO-147.
signature or reissue the license.
(d) In the case where the aircraft type training is not covered by a
(b) The PCAA’s record system shall be changed accordingly. single course, PCAA shall be satisfied prior to the type rating

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EASA Part-066
endorsement that the content and length of the courses fully satisfy The competent authority shall compare the holder's aircraft
the scope of the license category and that the interface areas have maintenance license with the competent authority records and verify
been appropriately addressed. any pending revocation, suspension or change action pursuant to point
66.B.500. If the documents are identical and no action is pending
(e) In the case of differences training, PCAA shall be satisfied that (i) pursuant to point 66.B.500, the holder's copy shall be renewed for 5
the applicant’s previous qualification, supplemented by (ii) either a years and the file endorsed accordingly.
course approved in accordance with ANO-147 or a course directly
approved by PCAA, are acceptable for type rating endorsement. (b) If the PCAA records are different from the aircraft maintenance
(f) Compliance with the practical elements shall be demonstrated (i) license held by the license holder:
by the provision of detailed practical training records or a logbook 1. PCAA shall investigate the reasons for such differences and
provided by a maintenance organization appropriately approved in may choose not to renew the aircraft maintenance license.
accordance with ANO-145 or, where applicable (ii) by a training 2. PCAA shall inform the license holder and any known maintenance
certificate covering the practical training element issued by a organization approved in accordance with ANO-M Subpart F or
maintenance training organization appropriately approved in ANO-145 that may be directly affected of such fact.
accordance with ANO-147. 3. PCAA shall, if necessary, take action in accordance with point
(g) Aircraft type endorsement shall use the aircraft type ratings 66.B.500 to revoke, suspend or change the license in question.
specified by PCAA in the latest issue of AWNOT-092.

66.B.120 PROCEDURE FOR THE RENEWAL OF AN AIRCRAFT

66.B.125 PROCEDURE FOR THE CONVERSION OF LICENCES
MAINTENANCE LICENCE VALIDITY INCLUDING GROUP RATINGS
(a) PCAA shall compare the holder's aircraft maintenance license (a).Individual aircraft type ratings already endorsed on the aircraft
with PCAA records and verify any pending revocation, suspension or maintenance license shall remain on the license and shall not be
change action pursuant to point 66.B.500. If the documents are converted to new ratings unless the license holder fully meets the
identical and no action is pending pursuant to point 66.B.500, the requirements for endorsement defined in point 66.A.45 of this ANO
holder's copy shall be renewed for further period of 2 years and the for the corresponding group/sub-group ratings.
file endorsed accordingly.

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(g). Aeroplane single piston engine — wooden structure,
(b) The conversion shall be performed in accordance with the
either full group or manufacturer group: converted to ‘full
following conversion table:
group 3’. For the B1 licence the following limitations shall
(1) For category B1 or C: be included: metal structure aeroplanes, composite
(a).Helicopter piston engine, full group: converted to ‘full sub-group 2c’ structure aeroplanes and metal tubing and fabric
plus the aircraft type ratings for those single piston engine helicopters aeroplanes,
which are in group 1, (h). Aeroplane multiple piston engine — wooden structure,
(b). Helicopter piston engine, manufacturer group: converted to the either full group or manufacturer group: converted to ‘full
corresponding ‘manufacturer sub-group 2c’ plus the aircraft type group 3’. For the B1 licence the following limitations shall
ratings for those single piston engine helicopters of that manufacturer be included: metal structure aeroplanes, composite
which are in group 1, structure aeroplanes and metal tubing and fabric
(c). Helicopter turbine engine, full group: converted to ‘full sub-group aeroplanes,
2b’ plus the aircraft type ratings for those single turbine engine (i) Aeroplane single piston engine — composite structure,
helicopters which are in group 1, either full group or manufacturer group: converted to ‘full
(d). Helicopter turbine engine, manufacturer group: converted to the group 3’. For the B1 license the following limitations shall
corresponding ‘manufacturer sub-group 2b’ plus the aircraft type be included: metal structure aeroplanes, wooden structure
ratings for those single turbine engine helicopters of that manufacturer aeroplanes and metal tubing and fabric aeroplanes,
which are in group 1,
(j).Aeroplane multiple piston engine — composite
(e). Aero plane single piston engine — metal structure, either full group structure, either full group or manufacturer group:
or manufacturer group: converted to ‘full group 3’. For the B1 license converted to ‘full group 3’. For the B1 license the following
the following limitations shall be included: composite structure aero limitations shall be included: metal structure aeroplanes,
planes, wooden structure aero planes and metal tubing and fabric aero wooden structure aeroplanes and metal tubing and fabric
planes, aeroplanes,
(f). Aero plane multiple piston engines — metal structure, either full
(k). Aeroplane turbine — single engine, full group:
group or manufacturer group: converted to ‘full group 3’. For the B1
converted to ‘full sub-group 2a’ plus the aircraft type
license the following limitations shall be included: composite structure
ratings for those single turboprop aeroplanes which
aeroplanes, wooden structure aeroplanes and metal tubing and fabric
aeroplanes,

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which did not require an aircraft type rating in the previous system and
did not require an aircraft type rating in the previous system and are in
are in group 1,
group 1,
(b). Helicopter: converted to ‘full sub-groups 2b and 2c’, plus the
(l). Aeroplane turbine — single engine, manufacturer group: converted
aircraft type ratings for those helicopters which did not require an
to the corresponding ‘manufacturer sub-group 2a’ plus the aircraft type
aircraft type rating in the previous system and are in group 1.
ratings for those single turboprop aeroplanes of that manufacturer
which did not require an aircraft type rating in the previous system and
If the licence was subject to limitations following the conversion process
are in group 1,
referred to in point 66.A.70, these limitations shall remain on the
(m). Aeroplane turbine — multiple engine, full group: converted to the
licence, unless they are removed under the conditions defined in the
aircraft type ratings for those multiple turboprop aeroplanes which did
relevant conversion report referred to in point 66.B.300.
not require an aircraft type rating in the previous system;

66.B.130 PROCEDURE FOR THE DIRECT APPROVAL OF AIRCRAFT

(2). For category B2:
TYPE TRAINING
(a). Aeroplane: converted to ‘full sub-group 2a’ and ‘full group 3’, plus Under extreme unavoidable circumtances, when there is no EASA Part-
the aircraft type ratings for those aeroplanes which did not require an 147 or ANO-147 approved training organization exists for the required
aircraft type rating in the previous system and are in group 1, type, PCAA may approve aircraft type training not conducted by a
(b). Helicopter: converted to ‘full sub-groups 2b and 2c’, plus the maintenance training organisation approved in accordance with ANO-
aircraft type ratings for those helicopters which did not require an 147, pursuant to point 1 of Appendix III to this ANO. In such case, PCAA
aircraft type rating in the previous system and are in group 1; shall have a procedure to ensure the aircraft type training complies with
] Appendix III of this ANO.
(3). For category C:
(a).Aeroplane: converted to ‘full sub-group 2a’ and ‘full group 3’, plus
the aircraft type ratings for those aeroplanes

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the end of the allotted examination time period. No examination
paper may be removed from the examination room during the
SECTION B – PROCEDURES FOR PAKISTAN CAA allotted examination time period.
(g).Apart from specific documentation needed for type
SUBPART C- EXAMINATIONS
examinations, only the examination paper may be available to the
This Subpart provides the procedures to be followed for the candidate during the examination.
examinations conducted by PCAA. (h).Examination candidates shall be separated from each other so
that they cannot read each other's examination papers. They may
66.B.200 EXAMINATION BY PCAA not speak to any person other than the examiner.
(a).All examination questions shall be kept in a secure manner prior (i).Candidates who are proven to be cheating shall be banned from
to an examination, to ensure that candidates will not know which taking any further examination within 12 months of the date of the
particular questions will form the basis of the examination. examination in which they were found cheating.
(b).PCAA shall nominate:
1.Persons who control the questions to be used for each
examination.
2.Examiners who shall be present during all examinations to
ensure the integrity of the examination.
(c).Basic examinations shall follow the standard specified in
Appendix I and II to this ANO.
(d).Type training examinations and type examinations shall follow
the standard specified in Appendix III to this ANO.
(e).New essay questions shall be raised at least every six months and
questions already used withdrawn or rested from use. A record of
the questions used shall be retained in the records for reference.
(f).All examination papers shall be handed out at the start of the
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SECTION B – PROCEDURES FOR PAKISTAN CAA
66.B.305 CONVERSION REPORT FOR NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
SUBPART D- CONVERSION OF CERTIFYING STAFF
QUALIFICAITONS (a). The conversion report for national certifying staff qualifications
This Subpart provides the procedures for the conversion of certifying shall describe the scope of each type of qualification, including the
staff qualifications referred to in point 66.A.70 to aircraft maintenance national licence, if any, the associated privileges and include a copy
licenses. of the relevant national regulations defining these.
(b). The conversion report shall show for each type of qualification
66.B.300 GENERAL
referred to in point (a):
(a). PCAA may only perform the conversion in accordance with a 1. to which aircraft maintenance licence it will be converted, and
conversion report established pursuant to points 66.B.305.
2. which limitations shall be added in accordance with points
(b). Conversion reports shall be developed by Pakistan CAA to 66.A.70(c) or (d), as applicable, and
ensure compliance with this ANO.
3. the conditions to remove the limitations, specifying the
(c). Conversion reports together with any change of these shall be module/subjects on which examination is needed to remove the
kept on record by PCAA in accordance with point 66.B.20. limitations and obtain a full aircraft maintenance licence, or to
EASA Part-066 include an additional (sub-) category. This shall include the
66.B.300 General modules defined in Appendix III to this ANO not covered by the
(a). The competent authority may only convert qualifications (i)
national qualifications.
obtained in the Member State for which it is competent, without
prejudice to bilateral agreements and (ii) valid prior to the entry into
force of the applicable requirements of this Annex (Part-66). 66.B.310 RESERVED
(b). The competent authority may only perform the conversion in
accordance with a conversion report established pursuant to points
66.B.305 or 66.B.310, as applicable.
(c). Conversion reports shall be either (i) developed by the competent
authority or (ii) approved by the competent authority to ensure
compliance with this Annex (Part-66).
(d). Conversion reports together with any change of these shall be kept
on record by the competent authority in accordance with point 66.B.20.

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66.B.400 GENERAL
EASA Part-066
66.B.310 Conversion report for approved maintenance organizations (a). PCAA may only grant credit on the basis of a credit report
authorizations prepared in accordance with 66.B.405.
(a). For each approved maintenance organization concerned, the (b). The credit report shall be either:
conversion report shall describe the scope of each type of authorization
issued by the maintenance organization and include a copy of the developed by PCAA, or
relevant approved maintenance organization’s procedures for the approved by PCAA to ensure compliance with this ANO.
qualification and the authorization of certifying staff on which the
(c). Credit reports together with any change of these shall be dated
conversion process is based.
(b). The conversion report shall show for each type of authorization and kept on record by PCAA in accordance with point 66.B.20.
referred to in point (a):
1. to which aircraft maintenance license it will be converted, and 66.B.405 EXAMINATION CREDIT REPORT
2. which limitations shall be added in accordance with points (
(a). The credit report shall include a comparison between:
66.A.70(c) or (d), as applicable, and
3. the conditions to remove the limitations, specifying the i) The modules, sub-modules, subjects and knowledge levels
module/subjects on which examination is needed to remove the contained in Appendix I to this ANO, as applicable; and
limitations and obtain a full aircraft maintenance license, or to
ii). The syllabus of the technical qualification concerned relevant to
include an additional (sub-) category. This shall include the
modules defined in Appendix III to this Annex (Part-66) not covered the particular category being sought.
by the national qualification. This comparison shall state if compliance is demonstrated and
contain the justifications for each statement.
SECTION B – PROCEDURES FOR PAKISTAN CAA
(b). Credit for examinations, other than basic knowledge
SUBPART E- EXAMINATIONS CREDITS examinations carried out in maintenance training organisations
approved in accordance with ANO-147/EASA Part-147, can only be
This Subpart provides the procedures for granting examination credits
granted by PCAA for the qualification obtained in Pakistan.
referred to in point 66.A.25(c).

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(c). No credit can be granted unless there is a statement of SECTION B – PROCEDURES FOR PAKISTAN CAA
compliance against each module and sub-module, stating where, in
SUBPART F- CONTINUING OVERSIGHT
the technical qualification, the equivalent standard can be found.
(d). PCAA shall check, on a regular basis, whether: This Subpart describes the procedures for the continuing oversight of
the aircraft maintenance licence and in particular for the revocation,
i). The national qualification standard, or
suspension or limitation of the aircraft maintenance licence.
ii). Appendix I to this ANO have changed and assess if changes
to the credit report are consequently required. Such changes 66.B.500 REVOCATION, SUSPENSION OR LIMITATION OF THE
shall be documented, dated and recorded. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENCE
PCAA shall suspend, limit or revoke the aircraft maintenance licence
66.B.410 EXAMINATION CREDIT VALIDITY where it has identified a safety issue or if it has clear evidence that
the person has carried out or been involved in one or more of the
(a). PCAA shall notify to the applicant in writing any credits granted
following activities:
together with the reference to the credit report used. 1. Obtaining the aircraft maintenance licence and/or the
(b). Credits shall expire 10 years after they are granted. certification privileges by falsification of documentary evidence;
2. Failing to carry out requested maintenance combined with failure
(c). Upon expiration of the credits, the applicant may apply for new
to report such fact to the organisation or person who requested the
credits. PCAA shall continue the validity of the credits for an maintenance;
additional period of 10 years without further consideration if basic 3. Failing to carry out required maintenance resulting from own
knowledge requirements defined in Appendix I to this ANO have not inspection combined with failure to report such fact to the
been changed. organisation or person for whom the maintenance was intended to
be carried out;
4. Negligent maintenance;
5. Falsification of the maintenance record;
6. Issuing a certificate of release to service knowing that the
maintenance specified on the certificate of release to service has
not been carried out or without verifying that such maintenance has
been carried out;
7. Carrying out maintenance or issuing a certificate of release to
service when adversely affected by alcohol or drugs;
8. Issuing certificate of release to service while not in compliance
with ANO-M, ANO-145 or ANO-066.
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APPENDIX I - BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS (c).The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae
in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject.
1. KNOWLEDGE LEVELS FOR CATEGORY A, B1, B2, B3 AND C (d). The applicant should be able to read and understand
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE sketches, drawings and schematics describing the subject.
Basic knowledge for categories A, B1, B2 and B3 are indicated by (e).The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a
knowledge levels (1, 2 or 3) against each applicable subject. practical manner using detailed procedures.
Category C applicants shall meet either the category B1 or the LEVEL 3:
category B2 basic knowledge levels. A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the
The knowledge level indicators are defined on 3 levels as follows: subject and a capacity to combine and apply the separate elements
LEVEL 1: of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner.
A familiarization with the principal elements of the Objectives:
subject. (a).The applicant should know the theory of the subject and
Objectives: interrelationships with other subjects.
(a). The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of (b).The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of
the subject. the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific
examples.
(b). The applicant should be able to give a simple description of
the whole subject, using common words and examples. (c).The applicant should understand and be able to use
mathematical formulae related to the subject.
The applicant should be able to use typical terms.
(d).The applicant should be able to read, understand and
LEVEL 2:
prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics describing
A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the
the subject.
subject and an ability to apply that knowledge.
(e).The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a
Objectives:
practical manner using manufacturer's instructions.
(a). The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical
(f).The applicant should be able to interpret results from various
fundamentals of the subject.
sources and measurements and apply corrective action where
(b). The applicant should be able to give a general description
appropriate
of the subject using, as appropriate, typical examples.

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2. MODULARIZATION
Qualification on basic subjects for each aircraft maintenance licence
category or subcategory should be in accordance with the following
matrix, where applicable subjects are indicated by an ‘X’:

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1.8 The pass mark for each essay question is 75% in that the candidates
APPENDIX II – BASIC EXAMINATION STANDARD answer must contain 75% of the required key points addressed by
the question and no significant error related to any required key
1. GENERAL point.
1.1 All basic examinations must be carried out using the multi-choice 1.9 If either the multi-choice part only or the essay part only is failed,
question format and essay questions as specified below. The then it is only necessary to retake the multi-choice or essay part, as
incorrect alternatives shall seem equally plausible to anyone appropriate.
ignorant of the subject. All of the alternatives shall be clearly 1.10 Penalty marking systems must not be used to determine whether
related to the question and of similar vocabulary, grammatical a candidate has passed.
construction and length. In numerical questions, the incorrect 1.11 A failed module may not be retaken for at least 90 days following
answers shall correspond to procedural errors such as corrections the date of the failed module examination, except in the case of a
applied in the wrong sense or incorrect unit conversions: they shall maintenance training organisation approved in accordance with
not be mere random numbers. ANO/EASA-147 which conducts a course of retraining tailored to
1.2 Each multi-choice question must have three alternative answers of the failed subjects in the particular module when the failed module
which only one must be the correct answer and the candidate must may be retaken after 30 days.
be allowed a time per module, which is based upon a nominal 1.12 The time periods required by point 66.A.25 apply to each individual
average of 75 seconds per question. module examination, with the exception of those module
1.3 Each essay question requires the preparation of a written answer examinations which were passed as part of another category
and the candidate must be allowed 20 minutes to answer each such licence, where the licence has already been issued.
question. 1.13 The maximum number of consecutive attempts for each module is
1.4 Suitable essay questions must be drafted and evaluated using the three. Further sets of three attempts are allowed with a 1 year
knowledge syllabus in ANO-066, Appendix I Modules 7A, 7B, 9A, 9B waiting period between sets.
and 10. The applicant shall confirm in writing to the approved maintenance
1.5 Each question will have a model answer drafted for it, which will also training organisation or the PCAA to which they apply for an
include any known alternative answers that may be relevant for examination, the number and dates of attempts during the last year and
other subdivisions. the organisation or the competent authority where these attempts took
1.6 The model answer will also be broken down into a list of the place. The maintenance training organisation or PCAA (as the case may
important points known as Key Points. be) is responsible for checking the number of attempts within the
1.7 The pass mark for each module and sub-module multi-choice part of applicable timeframes.
the examination is 75 %.

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2. NUMBER OF QUESTIONS PER MODULE

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(b).Practical training and assessment shall comply with the

APPENDIX III – AIRCRAFT TYPE TRAININGS AND following requirements:
EXAMINATION STANDARD i). Shall be conducted by a maintenance training organisation
ON THE JOB TRAINING (OJT) appropriately approved in accordance with ANO-147 or, when
1. GENERAL conducted by other organisations, as directly approved by PCAA.
ii). Shall comply, except as permitted by the differences training
Aircraft type training shall consist of theoretical training and
described in point (c), with the standard described in point 3.2 of
examination, and, except for the category C ratings, practical training
this appendix, and the type training assessment standard described
and assessment.
in point 4.2 of this appendix.
(a). Theoretical training and examination shall comply with the
iii). Shall include a representative cross section of maintenance
following requirements:
activities relevant to the aircraft type.
i).Shall be conducted by a maintenance training organisation
iv). Shall include demonstrations using equipment, components,
appropriately approved in accordance with ANO-147 or, when
simulators, other training devices or aircraft.
conducted by other organisations, as directly approved by PCAA.
v). Shall have been started and completed within the 3 years
ii). Shall comply, except as permitted by the differences training
preceding the application for a type rating endorsement.
described in point (c), with the standard described in point 3.1
(c) Differences training
of this appendix and the type training examination standard
i) Differences training is the training required in order to cover the
described in point 4.1 of this appendix.
differences between two different aircraft type ratings of the same
iii).In the case of a category C person qualified by holding an
manufacturer as determined by PCAA.
academic degree as specified in point 66.A.30(a)(5), the first
ii) Differences training has to be defined on a case-to-case basis taking
relevant aircraft type theoretical training shall be at the category
into account the requirements contained in this Appendix III in
B1 or B2 level.
respect of both theoretical and practical elements of type rating
iv).Shall have been started and completed within the 3 years training.
preceding the application for a type rating endorsement. iii) A type rating shall only be endorsed on a licence after differences
training when the applicant also complies with one of the following
conditions:

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Level 2:
a) Having already endorsed on the license the aircraft type rating from Basic system overview of controls, indicators, principal components,
which the differences are being identified, or including their location and purpose, servicing and minor
b).Having completed the type training requirements for the aircraft from troubleshooting, general knowledge of the theoretical and practical
which the differences are being identified. aspects of the subject.
2. AIRCRAFT TYPE TRAINING LEVELS Course objectives: In addition to the information contained in the
The three levels listed below define the objectives, the depth of training Level 1 training, at the completion of Level 2 training, the student
and the level of knowledge that the training is intended to achieve. will be able to:
Level 1: (a). Understand the theoretical fundamentals; apply knowledge
A brief overview of the airframe, systems and powerplant as in a practical manner using detailed procedures;
outlined in the Systems Description Section of the Aircraft (b). Recall the safety precautions to be observed when working
Maintenance Manual/Instructions for Continued Airworthiness. on or near the aircraft, powerplant and systems;
Course objectives: Upon completion of Level 1 training, the (c). Describe systems and aircraft handling particularly access,
power availability and sources.
student will be able to:
(d). Identify the locations of the principal components;
(a).Provide a simple description of the whole subject, using
common words and examples, using typical terms and identify (e). Explain the normal functioning of each major system,
safety precautions related to the airframe, its systems and including terminology and nomenclature.
powerplant; (f). Perform the procedures for servicing associated with the
aircraft for the following systems: Fuel, Power Plants,
(b).Identify aircraft manuals, maintenance practices important
Hydraulics, Landing Gear, Water/Waste, and Oxygen;
to the airframe, its systems and powerplant
(g). Demonstrate proficiency in use of crew reports and on-
(c).Define the general layout of the aircraft's major systems;
board reporting systems (minor troubleshooting) and
(d).Define the general layout and characteristics of the determine aircraft airworthiness per the MEL/CDL;
powerplant;
(h). Demonstrate the use, interpretation and application of
(e).Identify special tooling and test equipment used with the appropriate documentation including instructions for continued
aircraft. airworthiness, maintenance manual, illustrated parts catalogue,
etc.

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AIRCRAFT TYPE TRAINING STANDARD
Level 3:
Although aircraft type training includes both theoretical and
Detailed description, operation, component location,
practical elements, courses can be approved for the theoretical
removal/installation and bite and troubleshooting procedures to
element, the practical element or for a combination of both.
maintenance manual level.
3.1. Theoretical element
Course objectives: In addition to the information contained in Level
(a). Objective:
1 and Level 2 training, at the completion of Level 3 training, the
student will be able to: On completion of a theoretical training course the student shall
(a). Demonstrate a theoretical knowledge of aircraft systems be able to demonstrate, to the levels identified in the Appendix
and structures and interrelationships with other systems, III syllabus, the detailed theoretical knowledge of the aircraft’s
provide a detailed description of the subject using theoretical applicable systems, structure, operations, maintenance, repair,
fundamentals and specific examples and to interpret results and troubleshooting according to approved maintenance data.
from various sources and measurements and apply corrective The student shall be able to demonstrate the use of manuals and
approved procedures, including the knowledge of relevant
action where appropriate;
inspections and limitations.
(b). Perform system, powerplant, component and functional
(b). Level of training:
checks as specified in the maintenance manual;
(c). Demonstrate the use, interpret and apply appropriate Training levels are those levels defined in point 2 above.
documentation including structural repair manual, After the first type course for category C certifying staff all
troubleshooting manual, etc.; subsequent courses need only be to level 1.
(d). Correlate information for the purpose of making decisions During a level 3 theoretical training, level 1 and 2 training
in respect of fault diagnosis and rectification to maintenance material may be used to teach the full scope of the chapter if
manual level; required. However, during the training the majority of the
(
(e). Describe procedures for replacement of components course material and training time shall be at the higher level.
unique to aircraft type.

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(d). Justification of course duration:
(c). Duration:
Training courses carried out in a maintenance training
The theoretical training minimum tuition hours are contained organisation approved in accordance with ANO-147 and courses
in the following table: directly approved by PCAA shall justify their hour duration and
the coverage of the full syllabus by a training needs analysis
based on:
The design of the aircraft type, its maintenance needs and the
types of operation,
Detailed analysis of applicable chapters – see contents table in
point 3.1(e) below,
Detailed competency analysis showing that the objectives as stated
in point 3.1(a) above are fully met.

Where the training needs analysis shows that more hours are
needed, course lengths shall be longer than the minimum specified
in the table.
Similarly, tuition hours of differences courses or other training
course combinations (such as combined B1/B2 courses), and in
cases of theoretical type training courses below the figures given in
point 3.1(c) above, these shall be justified to PCAA by the training
needs analysis as described above.
For the purpose of the table above, a tuition hour means 60 In addition, the course must describe and justify the following:
minutes of teaching and exclude any breaks, examination,
a. The minimum attendance required to the trainee, in
revision, preparation and aircraft visit.
order to meet the objectives of the course.
These hours apply only to theoretical courses for complete
b. The maximum number of hours of training per day,
aircraft/engine combinations according to the type rating as
taking into account pedagogical and human factors
defined by PCAA.
principles.

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If the minimum attendance required is not met, the certificate

of recognition shall not be issued. Additional training may be
provided by the training organisation in order to meet the
minimum attendance time.
(e). Content:
As a minimum, the elements in the syllabus below that are
specific to the aircraft type shall be covered. Additional
elements introduced due to type variations, technological
changes, etc. shall also be included.
The training syllabus shall be focused on mechanical and
electrical aspects for B1 personnel, and electrical and avionic
aspects for B2.
(f). Multimedia Based Training (MBT) methods may be used to
satisfy the theoretical training element either in the classroom
or in a virtual controlled environment subject to the acceptance
of PCAA approving the training course.

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Tasks to be completed shall be representative of the aircraft and
3.2. Practical element systems both in complexity and in the technical input required
(a). Objective: to complete that task. While relatively simple tasks may be
The objective of practical training is to gain the required included, other more complex tasks shall also be incorporated
competence in performing safe maintenance, inspections and and undertaken as appropriate to the aircraft type.
routine work according to the maintenance manual and other Glossary of the table: LOC: Location; FOT: Functional/
relevant instructions and tasks as appropriate for the type of Operational Test; SGH: Service and Ground Handling; R/I:
aircraft, for example troubleshooting, repairs, adjustments, Removal / Installation; MEL: Minimum Equipment List; TS:
replacements, rigging and functional checks. It includes the Trouble Shooting.
awareness of the use of all technical literature and
documentation for the aircraft, the use of specialist/special
tooling and test equipment for performing removal and
replacement of components and modules unique to type,
including any on-wing maintenance activity.
(b). Content:

At least 50% of the crossed items in the table below, which are
relevant to the particular aircraft type, shall be completed as
part of the practical training.
Tasks crossed represent subjects that are important for
practical training purposes to ensure that the operation,
function, installation and safety significance of key
maintenance tasks is adequately addressed; particularly where
these cannot be fully explained by theoretical training alone.
Although the list details the minimum practical training
subjects, other items may be added where applicable to the
particular aircraft type.

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4. TYPE TRAINING EXAMINATION AND ASSESSMENT STANDARD (f). The number of questions shall be at least 1 question per hour of
4.1. Theoretical element examination standard instruction. The number of questions for each chapter and level
shall be proportionate to:
After the theoretical portion of the aircraft type training has been
1.The effective training hours spent teaching at that
completed, a written examination shall be performed, which shall
chapter and level;
comply with the following:
((a
(a). Format of the examination is of the multi-choice type. Each 2.The learning objectives as given by the training needs
multi-choice question shall have 3 alternative answers of which analysis.
only one shall be the correct answer. The total time is based on PCAA will assess the number and the level of the questions
the total number of questions and the time for answering is when approving the course.
based upon a nominal average of 90 seconds per question. (g). The minimum examination pass mark is 75 %. When the type
(b). The incorrect alternatives shall seem equally plausible to training examination is split in several examinations, each
anyone ignorant of the subject. All the alternatives shall be examination shall be passed with at least a 75 % mark. In order
clearly related to the question and of similar vocabulary, to be possible to achieve exactly a 75 % pass mark, the number
grammatical construction and length. of questions in the examination shall be a multiple of 4.
(c). In numerical questions, the incorrect answers shall (h). Penalty marking (negative points for failed questions) is not to
correspond to procedural errors such as the use of incorrect be used.
sense (+ versus -) or incorrect measurement units. They shall not (i). End of module phase examinations cannot be used as part of the
be mere random numbers. final examination unless they contain the correct number and
(d). The level of examination for each chapter* shall be the one level of questions required.
defined in point 2 ‘Aircraft type training levels’. However, the For the purpose of this point 4, a ‘chapter’ means each one of the rows
use of a limited number of questions at a lower level is preceded by a number in the table contained in point 3.1(e).
acceptable.
(e). The examination shall be of the closed book type. No
reference material is permitted. An exception will be made for
the case of examining a B1 or B2 candidate's ability to interpret
technical documents.

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(e). The incorrect alternatives shall seem equally plausible to
4.2. Practical element examination standard anyone ignorant of the subject. All of the alternatives shall be
After the practical element of the aircraft type training has been clearly related to the question and of similar vocabulary,
completed, an assessment must be performed, which must comply grammatical construction and length.
with the following: (f). In numerical questions, the incorrect answers shall
(a). The assessment shall be performed by designated correspond to procedural errors such as corrections applied in
assessors appropriately qualified. the wrong sense or incorrect unit conversions: they shall not be
(b). The assessment shall evaluate the knowledge and skills of mere random numbers.
the trainee. (g). The examination shall ensure that the following objectives
5. TYPE EXAMINATION STANDARD are met:
1.Properly discuss with confidence the aircraft and its systems.
Type examination shall be conducted by training organisations
appropriately approved under ANO-147 or by PCAA. 2.Ensure safe performance of maintenance, inspections and
routine work according to the maintenance manual and
The examination shall be oral, written or practical assessment based, or
other relevant instructions and tasks as appropriate for the
a combination thereof and it shall comply with the following
type of aircraft, for example troubleshooting, repairs,
requirements:
adjustments, replacements, rigging and functional checks
(a). Oral examination questions shall be open.
such as engine run, etc., if required.
(b). Written examination questions shall be essay type or
3.Correctly use all technical literature and documentation for
multiple-choice questions.
the aircraft.
(c). Practical assessment shall determine a person's
4. Correctly use specialist/special tooling and test equipment,
competence to perform a task. perform removal and replacement of components and
(d). Examination shall be on a sample of chapters** drawn from modules unique to type, including any on-wing maintenance
point 3 type training/examination syllabus, at the indicated activity
level.
For the purpose of this point 5, a “chapter” means each one of the
rows preceded by a number in the tables contained in points 3.1(e)
and 3.2(b).

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6. ON-THE-JOB TRAINING
(h)The following conditions apply to the examination:
On-the-Job Training (OJT) shall be approved by PCAA.
1.The maximum number of consecutive attempts is three.
It shall be conducted at and under the control of a maintenance
Further sets of three attempts are allowed with a 1 year
organisation appropriately approved for the maintenance of the
waiting period between sets. A waiting period of 30 days is
particular aircraft type and shall be assessed by designated
required after the first failed attempt within one set, and a
assessors appropriately qualified.
waiting period of 60 days is required after the second failed
It shall have been started and completed within the 3 years
attempt.
preceding the application for a type rating endorsement.
The applicant shall confirm in writing to the maintenance
(a). Objective:
training organisation or to the PCAA to which they apply for
an examination, the number and dates of attempts during The objective of OJT is to gain the required competence and
the last year and the maintenance training organisation or experience in performing safe maintenance.
PCAA where these attempts took place. The maintenance (b). Content:
training organisation or PCAA is responsible for checking the OJT shall cover a cross section of tasks acceptable to PCAA. The
number of attempts within the applicable timeframes. OJT tasks to be completed shall be representative of the aircraft
2.The type examination shall be passed and the required and systems both in complexity and in the technical input
practical experience shall be completed within the three required to complete that task. While relatively simple tasks
years preceding the application for the rating endorsement may be included, other more complex maintenance tasks shall
on the aircraft maintenance licence. also be incorporated and undertaken as appropriate to the
3.Type examination shall be performed with at least one aircraft type.
examiner present. The examiner(s) shall not have been Each task shall be signed off by the student and countersigned
involved in the applicant’s training. by a designated supervisor. The tasks listed shall refer to an
(i). A written and signed report shall be made by the actual job card/work sheet, etc.
examiner(s) to explain why the candidate has passed or failed. The final assessment of the completed OJT is mandatory and
shall be performed by a designated assessor appropriately
qualified.

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The following data shall be addressed on the OJT worksheets/ logbook: APPENDIX IV – EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR
1.Name of Trainee; EXTENDING ANO-066 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER
2.Date of Birth; LICENCE
3.Approved Maintenance Organization; The table below shows the experience requirements for adding a new
4.Location; category or subcategory to an existing ANO-066 license.
5.Name of supervisor(s) and assessor, (including license The experience must be practical maintenance experience on operating
number if applicable); aircraft in the subcategory relevant to the application.
6.Date of task completion; The experience requirement will be reduced by 50% if the applicant has
completed an approved ANO-147/EASA Part-147 course relevant to the
7.Description of task and job card/work order/ tech log,
etc; subcategory.

8.Aircraft type and aircraft registration;

9.Aircraft rating applied for.
In order to facilitate the verification by PCAA, demonstration of
the OJT shall consist of (i) detailed worksheets/logbook and (ii)
a compliance report demonstrating how the OJT meets the
requirement of this ANO.
Note:
OJT means ‘On-the-Job Training’ and is only required for the first
aircraft rating in the license (sub)category.

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APPENDIX V - APPLICATION FORM – PCAA FORM 19 EASA FORM 19

PCAA Form-19 is used for application for the aircraft maintenance
engineer license as referred in this ANO.

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APPENDIX VI - AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER EASA FORM 26

LICENCE (AML): PCAA FORM 26
PCAA Form 26 referred to in ANO-066 can be found on PCAA website
www.caapakistan.com.pk under reference CAAF-626-AWEG.

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MODULE 10 – AVIATION LEGISLATION

SUB MODULE 10.3

APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

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Sub Module 10.3 – Approved Maintenance Organizations

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10.3 APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS NOTE:

In this booklet only Regulations are defined for AMC and GM refer
to PCAA and EASA websites.
10.3.1 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF ANO-145/ EASA
PART-145 http://caapakistan.com.pk/Airworthiness/AIR-ano.aspx
www.easa.europa.eu

FOREWORD The content of this booklet is arranged as follows: PCAA ANO-145-

AWRG regulation appear first and followed by the differences
The Civil Aviation Authorities of South Asian Regional Initiative (SARI) between EASA PART-145 and PCAA ANO-145 if exist. EASA
members (here in after referred as “Member State Country”) have differences are color-coded as grey in a box and can be identified
agreed to a common comprehensive and detailed aviation according to the illustration below.
requirements, with a view to make it compatible for maintenance
carried out in one Member State to be accepted by the Civil Aviation
Authority in another Member State. EASA Part-145
The organisation shall produce and submit such reports as soon as
ANO-145-AWRG, (herein also referred as ANO 145), requirements for
practicable but in any case within 72 hours of the organisation
‘Approved Maintenance Organizations’ has been developed on the basis identifying the condition to which the report relates.
of Master Document of SARI Part-145. The ANO 145 is applicable to
maintenance organizations involved in the maintenance of large aircraft
or of aircraft used for commercial air transport, and components
intended for fitment thereto. The ANO 145 has been divided in to Two
Sections:
Section A: Implementing Regulations, Acceptable Means of Compliance
& Guidance Material (Technical Requirements)
Section B: Procedures for PCAA & Acceptable Means of Compliance
to ANO 145

(Published separately as PCAA Manual MNL-145-AWRG)

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replacement, defect rectification and the embodiment of a
SECTION A – TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS modification or repair.
(h). ‘Organization’ means a natural person, a legal person or part of a
ANO 145.A.1 GENERAL
legal person. Such an organization may hold more than one Part 145
Within the scope of this regulation, the following definitions shall
approval;
apply:
(i). ‘Pre-flight inspection’ means the inspection carried out before flight
(a). ‘Aircraft’ means any machine that can derive support in the
to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight;
atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than reactions of the air
(j). “Principle place of business” means the head office or the registered
against the earth's surface;
office of the undertaking within which the principle financial functions
(b). ‘Certifying staff’ means personnel responsible for the release of an
and operational control of the activities referred to in this Regulation
aircraft or a component after maintenance; are exercised.
(c). ‘Component’ means any engine, propeller, part or appliance;
(d). ‘large aircraft’ means an aircraft, classified as an aeroplane with a ANO 145.A.2 AUTHORITY
maximum take-off mass of more than 5 700 kg (12 500 pounds), or a This Air Navigation order is issued by Director General Civil Aviation
multi-engine helicopter; Authority of Pakistan in pursuance of powers vested in him under
(e). ‘large aeroplane’ means an aeroplane of more than 5,700 kg Rules 4, 5, 25 thru 30, Rule 32, 33, sub-rule (2) of 51, sub-rule (3) and
(12,500 pounds) maximum certificated take-off weight. The of 333, Rule 341, 360 and all other enabling provisions of the Civil
category ‘Large Aeroplane’ does not include the commuter
Aviation Rules, 1994
aeroplane category.
(f). ‘Commuter category aeroplane’ means a propeller driven twin
ANO 145.A.3 IMPLEMENTATION
engine aeroplane that has a seating configuration, excluding the pilot
seat(s) of nineteen or fewer and a maximum certified takeoff weight of This Air Navigation Order shall be effective w.e.f. 1st December, 2017
8618 Kg (19000 lbs). and supersedes earlier revisions of ANO-145 and ANO-001-AWRG-5.0
(g). ‘Maintenance’ means in relation to aircraft or an aircraft component, dated 4th April, 2011 on ‘Approval of Maintenance Organizations’
the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing specific to organizations defined under Para 145.A.5 of this ANO. Phase
airworthiness of an aircraft or an aircraft component including any one wise implementation of this ANO for the organizations which have been
or combination or overhaul inspection, carrying out the Maintenance under ANO-001-AWRG-5.0 or previously
enforced regulations shall be in accordance with the latest directive
issued by Airworthiness Directorate.
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1.For base maintenance of aircraft, aircraft hangars are both
ANO 145.A.5 APPLICABILITY
available and large enough to accommodate aircraft on planned
Organizations involved in the maintenance of large aircraft or of aircraft base maintenance;
used for commercial air transport, and components intended for 2.For component maintenance, component workshops are large
fitment thereto, shall be approved in accordance with the provisions of enough to accommodate the components on planned
this ANO. maintenance.
(b). Office accommodation is provided for the management of the
ANO 145.A.10 SCOPE planned work referred to in paragraph (a), and certifying staff so
This Section establishes the requirements to be met by an organization that they can carry out their designated tasks in a manner that
to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the contributes to good aircraft maintenance standards.
maintenance of aircraft and components. (c). The working environment including aircraft hangars, component
workshops and office accommodation is appropriate for the task
ANO 145.A.15 APPLICATION carried out and in particular special requirements observed. Unless
otherwise dictated by the particular task environment, the working
An application for the issue, change or continuation of an approval shall
environment must be such that the effectiveness of personnel is not
be made to PCAA in a form and manner established by Authority.
impaired:
1. Temperatures must be maintained such that personnel can carry
ANO 145.A.20 TERMS OF APPROVAL
out required tasks without undue discomfort.
The organization shall specify the scope of work deemed to constitute 2. Dust and any other airborne contamination are kept to a
approval in its exposition (Appendix II to Implementing rules contains a minimum and not be permitted to reach a level in the work task
table of all classes and ratings). area where visible aircraft/component surface contamination is
evident. Where dust/other airborne contamination results in
ANO 145.A.25 FACILITY REQUIREMENTS visible surface contamination, all susceptible systems are sealed
until acceptable conditions are re-established.
The organization shall ensure that:
(a)Facilities are provided appropriate for all planned work, ensuring
in particular, protection from the weather elements. Specialized
workshops and bays are segregated as appropriate, to ensure that
environmental and work area contamination is unlikely to occur.
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3. Lighting is such as to ensure each inspection and

maintenance task can be carried out in an effective manner. ANO 145.A.30 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
4. Noise shall not distract personnel from carrying out inspection Pat 145 specifies the role of a few key positions in the maintenance
tasks. Where it is impractical to control the noise source, such organization management hierarchy. A chart illustrating these positions
personnel are provided with the necessary personal equipment is given in Fugure-1.
to stop excessive noise causing distraction during inspection
tasks.
5. Where a particular maintenance task requires the application
of specific environmental conditions different to the foregoing,
then such conditions are observed. Specific conditions are
identified in the maintenance data.
6. The working environment for line maintenance is such that
the particular maintenance or inspection task can be carried out
without undue distraction. Therefore, where the working
environment deteriorates to an unacceptable level in respect of
temperature, moisture, hail, ice, snow, wind, light, dust/other
airborne contamination, the particular maintenance or Figure-1: Management Structure
inspection tasks must be suspended until satisfactory conditions (a). The organization shall appoint an accountable manager who has
are re-established. corporate authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by
(d). Secure storage facilities are provided for components, the customer can be financed and carried out to the standard
equipment, tools and material. Storage conditions ensure required by this ANO. The accountable manager shall:
segregation of serviceable components and material from 1. Ensure that all necessary resources are available to accomplish
unserviceable aircraft components, material, equipment and tools. maintenance in accordance with 145.A.65(b) to support the
The conditions of storage are in accordance with the manufacturer's organization approval.
instructions to prevent deterioration and damage of stored items. 2. Establish and promote the safety and quality policy specified in
Access to storage facilities is restricted to authorized personnel. 145.A.65(a).
3. Demonstrate a basic understanding of this ANO.
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(b). The organization shall nominate a person or group of persons, have a procedure to reassess work intended to be carried out when
whose responsibilities include ensuring that the organization actual staff availability is less than the planned staffing level for any
complies with this ANO. Such person(s) shall ultimately be particular work shift or period.
responsible to the accountable manager. (e). The organization shall establish and control the competence of
1. The person or persons nominated shall represent the personnel involved in any maintenance, management and/or
maintenance management structure of the organization and be quality audits in accordance with a procedure and to a standard
responsible for all functions specified in this ANO. agreed by the competent authority. In addition to the necessary
2. The person or persons nominated shall be identified and their expertise related to the job function, competence must include an
credentials submitted in a form and manner established by PCAA. understanding of the application of human factors and human
3. The person or persons nominated shall be able to demonstrate performance issues appropriate to that person's function in the
relevant knowledge, background and satisfactory experience organization. "Human factors" means principles, which apply to
aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and
related to aircraft or component maintenance and demonstrate a
maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and
working knowledge of this ANO.
other system components by proper consideration of human
4. Procedures shall make clear who deputizes for any particular
performance. "Human performance" means human capabilities and
person in the case of lengthy absence of the said person.
limitations, w h i c h have an impact on the safety and efficiency of
(c). The accountable manager under paragraph (a) shall appoint a aeronautical operations.
person with responsibility for monitoring the quality system,
(f). The organization shall ensure that personnel who carry out
including the associated feedback system as required by and/or control a continued airworthiness non-destructive test of
145.A.65(c). The appointed person shall have direct access to the aircraft structures and/or components are appropriately qualified
accountable manager to ensure that the accountable manager is for the particular non-destructive test in accordance with the
kept properly informed on quality and compliance matters. European or equivalent Standard recognized by PCAA. Personnel
(d). The organization shall have a maintenance manhour plan who carry out any other specialized task shall be appropriately
qualified in accordance with officially recognized Standards. By
showing that the organization has sufficient staff to plan, perform,
derogation to this paragraph those personnel specified in
supervise, inspect and quality monitor the organization in paragraphs (g) and (h)(1) and (h)(2), qualified in category B1 or B3 in
accordance with the approval. In addition, the organization shall accordance with ANO-066 may carry out and/or control color
contrast dye penetrant tests.

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(g). Any organization maintaining aircraft, except where stated iii). The category C certifying staff shall ensure that
otherwise in point (j), shall in the case of aircraft line maintenance, compliance with paragraph (i) has been met and that all
have appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified as category work required by the customer has been accomplished
B1, B2, B3, as appropriate, in accordance with ANO-066 and point during the particular base maintenance check or work
145.A.35. package, and shall also assess the impact of any work not
In addition, such organizations may also use appropriately task carried out with a view to either requiring its
trained certifying staff holding the privileges described in points accomplishment or agreeing with the operator to defer such
66.A.20(a)(1) and 66.A.20(a)(3)(ii) and qualified in accordance with work to another specified check or time limit.
ANO-066 and point 145.A.35 to carry out minor scheduled line 2. In the case of base maintenance of aircraft other than large
maintenance and simple defect rectification. The availability of such aircraft have either:
certifying staff shall not replace the need for category B1, B2, B3 i). Appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified as
certifying staff, as appropriate. category B1, B2, B3, as appropriate, in accordance with
(h). Any organization maintaining aircraft, except where stated ANO-066 and point 145.A.35 or,
otherwise in paragraph (j) shall: ii) Appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified in
1. In the case of base maintenance of large aircraft, have category C assisted by support staff as specified in point
appropriate aircraft type rated certifying staff qualified as 145.A.35(a)(i).
category C in accordance with ANO-066 and 145.A.35. In (i). Component certifying staff shall comply with latest revision of
addition the organization shall have sufficient aircraft type rated AWNOT-025-AWEG.
staff qualified as category B1, B2 as appropriate in accordance (j). By derogation to paragraphs (g) and (h), in relation to the
with ANO-066 and 145.A.35 to support the category C certifying
obligation to comply with ANO-066, the organisation may use
staff.
certifying staff qualified in accordance with the following provisions:
i). B1 and B2 support staff shall ensure that all relevant tasks
1. For organisation facilities located outside Pakistan the certifying
or inspections have been carried out to the required
staff may be qualified in accordance with the national aviation
standard before the category C certifying staff issues the
regulations of the State in which the organization facility is
certificate of release to service.
ii). The organisation shall maintain a register of any such B1
and B2 support staff.

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appropriate certifying staff is available, the organization
registered subject to the conditions specified in Appendix IV to
contracted to provide maintenance support may issue a one-off
this ANO. certification authorization:
2. For line maintenance carried out at a line station of an i). To one of its employees holding equivalent type
organization which is located outside Pakistan, the certifying
authorizations on aircraft of similar technology,
staff may be qualified in accordance with the national aviation
construction and systems; or
regulations of the State in which the line station is based, subject
ii). To any person with not less than five years maintenance
to the conditions specified in Appendix IV to this ANO.
experience and holding a valid ICAO aircraft maintenance
3. For a repetitive pre-flight airworthiness directive which
license rated for the aircraft type requiring certification
specifically states that the flight crew may carry out such
provided there is no organization appropriately approved
airworthiness directive, the organization may issue a limited
under this ANO at that location and the contracted
certification authorization to the aircraft commander and/or the
organization obtains and holds on file evidence of the
flight engineer on the basis of the flight crew license held.
experience and the license of that person.
However, the organization shall ensure that sufficient practical
All such cases as specified in this subparagraph shall be reported to
training has been carried out to ensure that such aircraft
PCAA within seven days of the issuance of such certification
commander or flight engineer can accomplish the airworthiness
authorization. The organization issuing the one-off authorization
directive to the required standard.
shall ensure that any such maintenance that could affect flight
4. In the case of aircraft operating away from a supported
safety is rechecked by an appropriately approved organization.
location the organization may issue a limited certification
authorization to the commander and/or the flight engineer on
the basis of the flight crew license held subject to being satisfied
that sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure
that the commander or flight engineer can accomplish the
specified task to the required standard. The provisions of this
paragraph shall be detailed in an exposition procedure.
5. In the following unforeseen cases, where an aircraft is
grounded at a location other than the main base where no

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ANO 145.A.35 CERTIFYING STAFF AND SUPPORT STAFF environment while not necessarily holding certification
privileges.
ii). ‘Relevant aircraft and/or components’, means those aircraft or
components specified in the particular certification
authorization.
iii). ‘Certification authorization’ means the authorization issued to
certifying staff by the organization and which specifies the fact
that they may sign certificates of release to service within the
limitations stated in such authorization on behalf of the
approved organization.
(b). Excepting those cases listed in ANO-145.A.30(j) and ANO-
066.A.20(a)3(ii) the organization may only issue a certification
authorization to certifying staff in relation to the basic categories or
subcategories and any type rating listed on the aircraft maintenance
Figure-2: Quality system responsibilities license as required by ANO-066, subject to the license remaining
valid throughout the validity period of the authorization and the
(a). In addition to the appropriate requirements of 145.A.30(g) and
certifying staff remaining in compliance with ANO-066.
the organization (Figure: 2)shall ensure that certifying staff and
support staff have an adequate understanding of the relevant (c). The organization shall ensure that all certifying staff and support
aircraft and/or components to be maintained together with the staff are involved in at least six months of actual relevant aircraft or
associated organization procedures. In the case of certifying staff, component maintenance experience in any consecutive two year
this shall be accomplished before the issue or reissue of the period.
certification authorization. For the purpose of this paragraph "involved in actual relevant
i). ‘Support staff’ means those staff holding a ANO-066 aircraft aircraft or component maintenance" means that the person has
maintenance license in category B1, B2 and/or B3 with the worked in an aircraft or component maintenance environment and
appropriate aircraft ratings, working in a base maintenance has either exercised the privileges of the certification authorization
and/or has actually carried out maintenance on at least some of

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the aircraft type or aircraft group systems specified in the (h). The certification authorization must be in a style that makes its
particular certification authorization. scope clear to the certifying staff and any official of PCAA who has
(d). The organization shall ensure that all certifying staff and support the responsibility for oversight of maintained aircraft or component,
staff receive sufficient continuation training in each two year period who may require to examine the authorization.
to ensure that such staff have up-to-date knowledge of relevant (i). The person responsible for the quality system shall also remain
technology, organization procedures and human factor issues. responsible on behalf of the organization for issuing certification
(e). The organization shall establish a program for continuation authorizations to certifying staff. Such person may nominate other
training for certifying staff and support staff, including a procedure persons to actually issue or revoke the certification authorizations
to ensure compliance with the relevant paragraphs of 145.A.35 as in accordance with a procedure as specified in the exposition.
the basis for issuing certification authorizations under this ANO to (j). The organization shall maintain a record of all certifying staff
certifying staff, and a procedure to ensure compliance with ANO- and support staff, which shall contain:
066. 1. The details of any aircraft maintenance license held under ANO-
(f). Except where any of the unforeseen cases of 145.A.30(j)(5) apply, 066; and
the organization shall assess all prospective certifying staff for their 2. All relevant training completed; and
competence, qualification and capability to carry out their intended
3. The scope of the certification authorizations issued, where
certifying duties in accordance with a procedure as specified in the
relevant; and
exposition prior to the issue or re-issue of a certification
4. Particulars of staff with limited or one-off certification
authorization under this ANO.
authorizations.
(g). When the conditions of paragraphs (a), (b), (d), (f) and, where
The organization shall retain the record for at least three years after
applicable, paragraph (c) have been fulfilled by the certifying staff,
the staff referred to in this paragraph have ceased employment with
the organization shall issue a certification authorization that clearly
the organization or as soon as the authorization has been
specifies the scope and limits of such authorization. Continued
withdrawn. In addition, upon request, the maintenance
validity of the certification authorization is dependent upon
organization shall furnish the staff referred to in this paragraph with
continued compliance with paragraphs (a), (b), (d), and where
a copy of their personal record on leaving the organization.
applicable, paragraph (c).
The staff referred to in this paragraph shall be given access on
request to their personal records as detailed above.

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(k). The organization shall provide certifying staff with a copy of their authorization. The practical experience shall be also obtained
certification authorization in either a documented or electronic within such maintenance organization.
format.
(l). Certifying staff shall produce their certification authorization to ANO 145.A.40 EQUIPMENT, TOOLS AND MATERIAL
any authorized person within 24 hours.
(a). The organization shall have available and use the necessary
(m). The minimum age for certifying staff and support staff is 21 equipment, tools and material to perform the approved scope of
years.
work.
(n). The holder of a category A aircraft maintenance license may only
1.Where the manufacturer specifies a particular tool or equipment,
exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type following
the organization shall use that tool or equipment, unless the use
the satisfactory completion of the relevant category A aircraft task
of alternative tooling or equipment is agreed by the Competent
training carried out by an organization appropriately approved in
Authority via procedures specified in the exposition.
accordance with ANO-145 or ANO-147. This training shall include
2. Equipment and tools must be permanently available, except in the
practical hands on training and theoretical training as appropriate
case of any tool or equipment that is so infrequently used that
for each task authorized. Satisfactory completion of training shall be
its permanent availability is not necessary. Such cases shall be
demonstrated by an examination or by workplace assessment
detailed in an exposition procedure.
carried out by the organization.
3. An organization approved for base maintenance shall have
(o). The holder of a category B2 aircraft maintenance license may
sufficient aircraft access equipment and inspection
only exercise the certification privileges described in point
platforms/docking such that the aircraft can be properly
66.A.20(a)(3)(ii) of ANO-066 following the satisfactory completion of
inspected.
(i) the relevant category A aircraft task training and (ii) six months of
documented practical experience covering the scope of the (b). The organization shall ensure that all tools, equipment and
authorization that will be issued. The task training shall include particularly test equipment, as appropriate, are controlled and
practical hands on training and theoretical training as appropriate calibrated according to an officially recognized standard at a
for each task authorized. Satisfactory completion of training shall be frequency to ensure serviceability and accuracy. Records of such
demonstrated by an examination or by workplace assessment. Task calibrations and traceability to the standard used shall be kept by
training and examination/assessment shall be carried out by the the organization.
maintenance organization issuing the certifying staff

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modification and/or airworthiness directive standards may be
ANO 145.A.42 ACCEPTANCE OF COMPONENTS applicable.
(a). All components shall be classified and appropriately segregated (c) The organization may fabricate a restricted range of parts to be
into the following categories: used in the course of undergoing work within its own facilities
1. Components which are in a satisfactory condition, released on provided procedures are identified in the exposition.
PCAA Form-1 or equivalent and marked in accordance with a (d). Components which have reached their certified life limit or
standard acceptable to PCAA. contain a non-repairable defect and shall not be permitted to re-
2. Unserviceable components which shall be maintained in enter the component supply system unless certified shall be
accordance with this section. classified as unsalvageable life limits have been extended or a repair
solution has been approved according to a standard acceptable to
3. Unsalvageable components which are classified in
PCAA.
accordance with ANO 145.A.42(d).
EASA Part-145
4. Standard parts used on an aircraft, engine, propeller or other
aircraft component when specified in the manufacturer's Components referred to in point 21A.307(c) of Annex I (Part-21) to
illustrated parts catalogue and/or the maintenance data. Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 shall only be installed if considered eligible
for installation by the aircraft owner in its own aircraft.
5. Material both raw and consumable used in the course of
maintenance when the organization is satisfied that the material
meets the required specification and has appropriate ANO 145.A.45 MAINTENANCE DATA
traceability. All material must be accompanied by
(a). The organization shall hold and use applicable current
documentation clearly relating to the particular material and
maintenance data in the performance of maintenance, including
containing a conformity to specification statement plus both the
modifications and repairs. "Applicable" means relevant to any
manufacturing and supplier source.
aircraft, component or process specified in the organization’s
EASA Part-145 approval class rating schedule and in any associated capability list.
Components referred to in point 21A.307(c) of Annex I (Part-21) to In the case of maintenance data provided by an operator or
Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. customer, the organization shall hold such data when the work is in
progress, with the exception of the need to comply with 145.A.55(c).
Prior to installation of a component, the organization shall ensure
that the particular component is eligible to be fitted when different

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(b). For the purposes of this ANO, applicable maintenance data organization shall demonstrate that they result in equivalent or
improved maintenance standards and shall inform the type-
shall be any of the following:
certificate holder of such changes. Maintenance instructions for the
1.Any applicable requirement, procedure, operational directive
purposes of this paragraph means instructions on how to carry out
or information issued by the authority responsible for the
the particular maintenance task: they exclude the engineering
oversight of the aircraft or component;
design of repairs and modifications.
2. Any applicable airworthiness directive issued by the
(e). The organization shall provide a common work card or
authority responsible for the oversight of the aircraft or
worksheet system to be used throughout relevant parts of the
component;
organization. In addition, the organization shall either transcribe
3. Instructions for continuing airworthiness, issued by type accurately the maintenance data contained in paragraphs (b) and
certificate holders, supplementary type certificate holders, any (d) onto such work cards or worksheets or make precise reference
other organization required to publish such data by to the particular maintenance task or tasks contained in such
Organizations acceptable to PCAA and in the case of aircraft or maintenance data. Work cards and worksheets may be computer
components from third countries the airworthiness data generated and held on an electronic database subject to both
mandated by the authority responsible for the oversight of the adequate safeguards against unauthorized alteration and a back-up
aircraft or component; electronic database which shall be updated within 24 hours of any
4. Any applicable standard, such as but not limited to, entry made to the main electronic database. Complex maintenance
maintenance standard practices recognized by the Agency as a tasks shall be transcribed onto the work cards or worksheets and
good standard for maintenance; subdivided into clear stages to ensure a record of the
5. Any applicable data issued in accordance with paragraph (d). accomplishment of the complete maintenance task. Where the
(c). The organization shall establish procedures to ensure that if organization provides a maintenance service to an aircraft operator
found, any inaccurate, incomplete or ambiguous procedure, who requires their work card or worksheet system to be used then
practice, information or maintenance instruction contained in the such work card or worksheet system may be used. In this case, the
maintenance data used by maintenance personnel is recorded and organization shall establish a procedure to ensure correct
notified to the author of the maintenance data. completion of the aircraft operators' work cards or worksheets.
(Figure 3)
(d). The organization may only modify maintenance instructions in
accordance with a procedure specified in the maintenance
organization’s exposition. With respect to those changes, the

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ANO 145.A.47 PRODUCTION PLANNING

(a). The organization shall have a system appropriate to the amount
and complexity of work to plan the availability of all necessary
personnel, tools, equipment, material, maintenance data and
facilities in order to ensure the safe completion of the maintenance
work.
(b). The planning of maintenance tasks, and the organising of
shifts, shall take into account human performance limitations.
(c). When it is required to hand over the continuation or completion
of maintenance tasks for reasons of a shift or personnel changeover,
relevant information shall be adequately communicated between
Figure-3: Types of maintenance documentation comprising outgoing and incoming personnel.
maintenance data
ANO 145.A.50 CERTIFICATION OF MAINTENANCE
(f). The organization shall ensure that all applicable maintenance (a). A certificate of release to service shall be issued by appropriately
data is readily available for use when required by maintenance authorized certifying staff on behalf of the organization when it has
personnel. been verified that all maintenance ordered has been properly
(g). The organization shall establish a procedure to ensure that carried out by the organization in accordance with the procedures
maintenance data it controls is kept up to date. In the case of specified in point 145.A.70, taking into account the availability and
operator/customer controlled and provided maintenance data, the use of the maintenance data specified in point 145.A.45 and that
organization shall be able to show that either it has written there are no non-compliances which are known to endanger flight
confirmation from the operator/customer that all such safety.
maintenance data is up to date or it has work orders specifying the (b). A certificate of release to service shall be issued before flight at
amendment status of the maintenance data to be used or it can the completion of any maintenance.
show that it is on the operator/customer maintenance data
(c). New defects or incomplete maintenance work orders identified
amendment list.
during the above maintenance shall be brought to the attention of
the aircraft operator for the specific purpose of obtaining
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agreement to rectify such defects or completing the missing requirements. Such components shall be removed by the above
elements of the maintenance work order. In the case where the prescribed time limit unless an appropriate release certificate has
aircraft operator declines to have such maintenance carried out been obtained in the meantime under paragraph (a) and 145.A.42.
under this paragraph, paragraph (e) is applicable.
(d). A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the ANO 145.A.55 MAINTENANCE RECORDS
completion of any maintenance on a component whilst off the
(a). The organization shall record all details of maintenance work
aircraft. The authorized release certificate PCAA Form 1 referred to
carried out. As a minimum, the organization shall retain records
in Appendix I of this ANO constitutes the component certificate of
necessary to prove that all requirements have been met for issuance
release to service. When an organization maintains a component for
of the certificate of release to service, including subcontractor's
its own use, a PCAA Form 1 may not be necessary depending upon
release documents.
the organization’s internal release procedures defined in the
(b). The organization shall provide a copy of each certificate of
exposition.
release to service to the aircraft operator, together with a copy of
(e). By derogation to paragraph (a), when the organization is unable
any specific repair/modification data used for repairs/modifications
to complete all maintenance ordered, it may issue a certificate of
carried out.
release to service within the approved aircraft limitations. The
(c). The organization shall retain a copy of all detailed maintenance
organization shall enter such fact in the aircraft certificate of release
records and any associated maintenance data for three years from
to service before the issue of such certificate.
the date the aircraft or component to which the work relates was
(f). By derogation to paragraph (a) and 145.A.42, when an aircraft is
released from the organization.
grounded at a location other than the main line station or main
1. The records under this paragraph shall be stored in a manner
maintenance base due to the non-availability of a component with
that ensures protection from damage, alteration and theft.
the appropriate release certificate, it is permissible to temporarily
2. Computer backup discs, tapes etc. shall be stored in a different
fit a component without the appropriate release certificate for a
location from that containing the working discs, tapes etc., in an
maximum of 30 flight hours or until the aircraft first returns to the environment that ensures they remain in good condition.
main line station or main maintenance base, whichever is the 3. Where an organization approved under this ANO terminates its
sooner, subject to the aircraft operator agreement and said operation, all retained maintenance records covering the last
component having a suitable release certificate but otherwise in two years shall be distributed to the last owner or customer of
compliance with all applicable maintenance and operational the respective aircraft or component or shall be stored as
specified by PCAA.

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EASA Part-145
ANO 145.A.60 OCCURRENCE REPORTING The organization shall produce and submit such reports as soon as
(a). The organization shall report to PCAA, the state of registry and practicable but in any case within 72 hours of the organization
the organization responsible for the design of the aircraft or identifying the condition to which the report relates.
component any condition of the aircraft or component identified by
the organization that has resulted or may result in an unsafe
condition that hazards seriously the flight safety. ANO 145.A.65 SAFETY AND QUALITY POLICY, MAINTENANCE
(b). The organization shall establish an internal occurrence reporting PROCEDURES AND QUALITY SYSTEM
system as detailed in the exposition to enable the collection and (a). The organization shall establish a safety and quality policy for
evaluation of such reports, including the assessment and extraction
the organization to be included in the exposition under 145.A.70.
of those occurrences to be reported under paragraph
(b). The organization shall establish procedures agreed by PCAA
(a). This procedure shall identify adverse trends, corrective actions
taking into account human factors and human performance to
taken or to be taken by the organization to address deficiencies and
ensure good maintenance practices and compliance with this ANO
include evaluation of all known relevant information relating to such
which shall include a clear work order or contract such that aircraft
occurrences and a method to circulate the information as necessary.
and components may be released to service in accordance with
(c). The organization shall make such reports in a form and manner
point 145. A.50.
established by PCAA and ensure that they contain all pertinent
1. The maintenance procedures under this paragraph apply to
information about the condition and evaluation results known to
points 145.A.25 to 145.A.95.
the organization.
2. The maintenance procedures established or to be established by
(d). Where the organization is contracted by a commercial operator
the organization under this paragraph shall cover all aspects of
to carry out maintenance, the organization shall also report to the
carrying out the maintenance activity, including the provision
operator any such condition affecting the operator's aircraft or
and control of specialized services and lay down the standards
component.
to which the organization intends to work.
(e). The organization shall produce and submit such reports as soon
3. With regard to aircraft line and base maintenance, the
as practicable but in any case within 48 hours of the organization
organization shall establish procedures to minimize the risk of
identifying the condition to which the report relates.
multiple errors and capture errors on critical systems, and to
ensure that no person is required to carry out and inspect in

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corrective action is taken in response to reports resulting from
relation to a maintenance task involving some element of disassembly/ the independent audits established to meet paragraph (1).
reassembly of several components of the same type fitted to more than (d). The organization shall establish (as applicable) a Safety
one system on the same aircraft during a particular maintenance check. Management System (SMS) as per the requirements mentioned in
However, when only one person is available to carry out these tasks then the latest revision of ANO-001-RGSP.
the organization’s work card or worksheet shall include an additional
stage for re-inspection of the work by this person after completion of all
ANO 145.A.70 MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION EXPOSITION
the same tasks.
"Maintenance organization exposition" means the document or
4.Maintenance procedures shall be established to ensure that damage documents that contain the material specifying the scope of work
is assessed and modifications and repairs are carried out using data deemed to constitute approval and showing how the organization
approved by PCAA or by a design organization acceptable to PCAA, as intends to comply with this Part. The organization shall provide
appropriate. PCAA with a maintenance organization exposition, containing the
following information:
(c). The organization shall establish a quality system that includes the
1. A statement signed by the accountable manager confirming that
following:
the maintenance organization exposition and any referenced
1. Independent audits in order to monitor compliance with
associated manuals define the organization’s compliance with
required aircraft/aircraft component standards and adequacy of
this ANO and will be complied with at all times. When the
the procedures to ensure that such procedures invoke good
accountable manager is not the chief executive officer of the
maintenance practices and airworthy aircraft/aircraft
organization then such chief executive officer shall countersign
components. In the smallest organizations the independent
the statement;
audit part of the quality system may be contracted to another
organization approved under this ANO or a person with 2. The organization’s safety and quality policy as specified by
appropriate technical knowledge and proven satisfactory audit 145.A.65;
experience; and 3. The title(s) and name(s) of the persons nominated under
2. A quality feedback reporting system to the person or group of 145.A.30(b);
persons specified in 145.A.30(b) and ultimately to the 4. The duties and responsibilities of the persons nominated under
accountable manager that ensures proper and timely 145.A.30(b), including matters on which they may deal directly
with the competent authority on behalf of the organization;

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5. An organization chart showing associated chains of responsibility (c). Notwithstanding paragraph (b) minor amendments to the
between the persons nominated under 145.A.30(b); exposition may be approved through an exposition procedure
6. A list of certifying staff and support staff; (hereinafter called indirect approval).
7. A general description of manpower resources; (d). The exposition shall refer to the Safety Management System
8. A general description of the facilities located at each address Manual (SMSM).
specified in the organization’s approval certificate;
9. A specification of the organization’s scope of work relevant to ANO 145.A.75 PRIVILEGES OF THE ORGANISATION
the extent of approval; In accordance with the exposition, the organization shall be entitled to
10. The notification procedure of 145.A.85 for organization carry out the following tasks:
changes; (a). Maintain any aircraft and/or component for which it is approved
11. The maintenance organization exposition amendment at the locations identified in the approval certificate and in the
procedure; exposition;
12. The procedures and quality system established by the (b). Arrange for maintenance of any aircraft or component for which
organization under 145.A.25 to 145.A.90; it is approved at another organization that is working under the
13. A list of commercial operators, where applicable, to which the quality system of the organization. This refers to work being carried
organization provides an aircraft maintenance service; out by an organization not itself appropriately approved to carry out
such maintenance under this ANO and is limited to the work scope
14. A list of subcontracted organizations, where applicable, as
permitted under 145.A.65(b) procedures. This work scope shall not
specified in 145.A.75(b);
include a base maintenance check of an aircraft or a complete
15. A list of line stations, where applicable, as specified in
workshop maintenance check or overhaul of an engine or engine
145.A.75(d); module;
16. A list of contracted organizations, where applicable.
(c). Maintain any aircraft or any component for which it is approved
(b). The exposition shall be amended as necessary to remain an up- at any location subject to the need for such maintenance arising
to-date description of the organization. The exposition and any either from the unserviceability of the aircraft or from the necessity
subsequent amendment shall be approved by the PCAA. of supporting occasional line maintenance, subject to the conditions
specified in the exposition;

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ANO 145.A.85 CONTINUED VALIDITY
(d). Maintain any aircraft and/or component for which it is approved at
(a). An approval shall be issued or renewed for a maximum period
a location identified as a line maintenance location capable of
of one year. It shall remain valid subject to:
supporting minor maintenance and only if the organization exposition
EASA Part-145
both permits such activity and lists such locations;
An approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain
(e). Issue certificates of release to service in respect of completion of
valid subject to:
maintenance in accordance with 145.A.50.
1. The organization remaining in compliance with ANO-145, in
ANO 145.A.80 LIMITATIONS ON THE ORGANISATION accordance with the provisions related to the handling of
findings as specified under point 145.B.50; and the competent
The organization shall only maintain an aircraft or component for which authority being granted access to the organization to determine
it is approved when all the necessary facilities, equipment, tooling, continued compliance with this ANO and the certificate not
material, maintenance data and certifying staff are available. being surrendered or revoked.
(b). Upon surrender or revocation, the approval shall be returned
ANO 145.A.85 CHANGES TO THE ORGANISATION to PCAA.
The organization shall notify the competent authority of any proposal
to carry out any of the following changes before such changes take place ANO 145.A.95 FINDINGS
to enable the competent authority to determine continued compliance
A level 1 finding is any significant non-compliance with ANO-145
with this Part and to amend, if necessary, the approval certificate, requirements which lowers the safety standard and hazards
except that in the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to seriously the flight safety.
the management beforehand, these changes must be notified at the A level 2 finding is any non-compliance with the ANO-145
earliest opportunity: requirements which could lower the safety standard and possibly
1. the name of the organization; hazard the flight safety.
2. the main location of the organization; After receipt of notification of findings according to 145.B.50, the
holder of the maintenance organization approval shall define a
3. additional locations of the organization; corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective action to the
4. the accountable manager; satisfaction of PCAA within a period agreed with PCAA.
5. any of the persons nominated under 145.A.30(b);
6. the facilities, equipment, tools, material, procedures, work scope
or certifying staff that could affect the approval.
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4. Procedures
SECTION B – PROCEDURE FOR PCAA
PCAA shall establish procedures detailing how compliance with this
ANO 145. B.1 SCOPE Section B is accomplished.
This section establishes the administrative procedures, which PCAA The procedures must be reviewed and amended to ensure
shall follow when exercising its tasks and responsibilities regarding continued compliance.
issuance, continuation, change, suspension or revocation of ANO 145
maintenance organization approvals. ANO 145.B.15 RESERVED
EASA Part-145
ANO 145.B.10 COMPETENT AUTHORITY
145.B.15 Organizations located in several Member States
1. General Where maintenance facilities are located in more than one Member
For the purpose of this Part, the Competent Authority for State the investigation and continued oversight of the approval must be
organizations having their principal place of business in Pakistan carried out in conjunction with the competent authorities from the
shall be Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority. Member States in whose territory the other maintenance facilities are
PCAA shall establish documented procedures and an organizational located.
structure.
2. Resources ANO 145.B.17 APPLICABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE
The number of staff must be appropriate to carry out the The AMC material has been developed when this is complied with, the
requirements as detailed in this section. related requirements of this Part shall be considered as met.
3. Qualification and Training
ANO 145.B.20 INITIAL APPROVAL
All staff involved in ANO 145 approvals must:
(a). Be appropriately qualified and have all necessary knowledge, 1.Provided the requirements of 145.A.30 (a) and (b) are complied with,
experience and training to perform their allocated tasks. PCAA shall formally indicate its acceptance of the personnel, specified
(b). Have received training/continuation training on ANO 145 where in 145.A.30 (a) and (b), to the applicant in writing.
relevant, including its intended meaning and standard.
2.PCAA shall verify that the procedures specified in the maintenance
organization exposition comply with ANO 145 and verify that the
accountable manager signs the commitment statement.

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3. PCAA shall verify that the organization is in compliance with the 1.PCAA shall keep and update a program listing the approved
maintenance organizations under its supervision, the dates when
requirements of ANO 145.
audit visits are due and when such visits were carried out.
4.A meeting with the accountable manager shall be convened at
2.Each organization must be completely reviewed for compliance
least once during the investigation for approval to ensure that
he/she fully understands the significance of the approval and the with ANO 145 at periods not exceeding 12 months.
reason for signing the exposition commitment of the organization EASA Part-145
to compliance with the procedures specified in the exposition. Each organization must be completely reviewed for compliance with
5.All findings must be confirmed in writing to the organization. this Annex (Part-145) at periods not exceeding 24 months.
6.PCAA shall record all findings, closure actions (actions required to 3.A meeting with the accountable manager shall be convened at
close a finding) and recommendations. least once every 12 months to ensure he/she remains informed of
7.For initial approval, all findings must be corrected before the significant issues arising during audits.
approval can be issued. EASA Part-145
A meeting with the accountable manager shall be convened at least
ANO 145.B.25 ISSUE OF APPROVAL once every 24 months to ensure he/ she remains informed of significant
1.PCAA shall formally approve the exposition and issue to the issues arising during audits.
applicant a PCAA Form 3 approval certificate, which includes the
ANO 145.B.35 CHANGES
approval ratings. PCAA shall only issue a certificate when the
organization is in compliance with ANO 145. 1.PCAA shall receive notification from the organization of any
2.PCAA shall indicate the conditions of the approval on the PCAA proposed change as listed in 145.A.85.
Form 3 approval certificate. PCAA shall comply with the applicable elements of the initial
3.The reference number shall be included on PCAA Form 3 approval process paragraphs for any change to the organization.
certificate in a manner specified by PCAA. 2.PCAA may prescribe the conditions under which organization may
operate during such changes unless it determines that the approval
ANO 145.B.30 CONTINUATION OF AN APPROVAL should be suspended.

The continuation of an approval shall be monitored in accordance with

the applicable ‘initial approval’ process under 145.B.20. In addition:
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2. For level 2 findings, the corrective action period granted by PCAA

ANO 145.B.40 MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION EXPOSITION must be appropriate to the nature of the finding but in any case
(MOE) AMENDEMENTS initially must not be more than three months. In certain
1.In the case of direct approval of the amendments of the exposition, circumstances and subject to the nature of the finding PCAA may
PCAA shall verify that the procedures specified in the exposition are extend the three month period subject to a satisfactory
in compliance with ANO 145 before formally notifying the approved corrective action plan agreed by PCAA.
organization of the approval. (b). Action shall be taken by PCAA to suspend in whole or part the
2.In the case of indirect approval of amendments of the exposition, approval in case of failure to comply within the timescale granted
PCAA shall ensure that it has an adequate control over the approval by PCAA.
of all exposition amendments.

ANO 145.B.45 REVOCATION, SUSPENSION AND LIMITATION OF ANO 145.B.55 RECORD-KEEPING

APPROVAL 1. PCAA shall establish a system of record-keeping with minimum
PCAA shall: retention criteria that allows adequate traceability of the process to
(a). Suspend an approval on reasonable grounds in the case of issue, continue, change, suspend or revoke each individual
potential safety threat; or organization approval.
(b). Suspend, revoke or limit an approval pursuant to 145.B.50. 2. The records shall include as a minimum:
a. The application for an organization approval, including the
ANO 145.B.50 FINDINGS continuation thereof.

(a). When during audits or by other means evidence is found showing b. PCAA continued oversight program including all audit records.
non-compliance with the requirements of ANO 145, PCAA shall take the c. The organization approval certificate including any change
following actions: thereto.
1.For level 1 findings, immediate action shall be taken by PCAA d. A copy of the audit program listing the dates when audits are
to revoke, limit or suspend in whole or in part, depending upon due and when audits were carried out.
the extent of the level 1 finding, the maintenance organization e. Copies of all formal correspondence including PCAA Form 4 or
approval, until successful corrective action has been taken by equivalent.
the organization. f. Details of any exemption and enforcement action(s).
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g. Any other competent authority audit report forms.

APPENDIX I – Authorized Release Certificate –
h. Maintenance organization expositions.
3. The minimum retention period for the above records shall be PCAA Form 1
four years. EASA Part-145
4. PCAA may elect to use either a paper or computer system or any APPENDIX I - Authorized Release Certificate — EASA Form 1
combination of both subject to appropriate controls. “The provisions of Appendix II to Annex I (Part-M) apply.”
ANO 145.B.60 EXEMPTIONS Kindly visit PCAA website at www.caapakistan.com.pk to download the
All exemptions granted by PCAA shall be recorded and retained by it. latest version of PCAA Form 1 under reference CAAF-601-AWRG.
1. PURPOSE AND USE
1.1 The primary purpose of the Certificate is to declare the airworthiness
of maintenance work undertaken on products, parts and appliances
(hereafter referred to as ‘item(s)’).
1.2 Correlation must be established between the Certificate and the
item(s). The originator must retain a Certificate in a form that allows
verification of the original data.
1.3 The Certificate is acceptable to many airworthiness authorities, but
may be dependent on the existence of bilateral agreements and/or
the policy of the airworthiness authority. The ‘approved design data’
mentioned in this Certificate then means approved by the
airworthiness authority of the importing country.
1.4 The Certificate is not a delivery or shipping note.
1.5 Aircraft are not to be released using the Certificate.
1.6 The Certificate does not constitute approval to install the item on a
particular aircraft, engine, or propeller but helps the end user
determine its airworthiness approval status.
1.7 A mixture of production released and maintenance released items is
not permitted on the same Certificate.
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Nevertheless, such ‘A’ rated maintenance organization approved in
APPENDIX II – Organizations Approval Class and Rating System accordance with ANO 145 may temporarily remove a component for
EASA Part-145 maintenance, in order to improve access to that component, except
APPENDIX II - Class and Ratings System used for the Approval of when such removal generates the need for additional maintenance
Maintenance Organizations referred to in Annex I (Part-M) Subpart F not eligible for the provisions of this paragraph. This will be subject
and Annex II (Part-145) to a control procedure in the maintenance organization exposition
“The provisions of Appendix IV to Annex I (Part-M) apply.”
acceptable to PCAA. The limitation section will specify the scope of
1. Except as stated otherwise for the smallest organization in such maintenance thereby indicating the extent of approval.
paragraph 12, Table 1 outlines the full extent of approval possible 5. A category ‘B’ class rating means that the ANO 145 approved
under ANO 145 in a standardized form. An organization must be maintenance organization may carry out maintenance on the
granted an approval ranging from a single class and rating with uninstalled engine and/or APU and engine and/or APU components,
limitations to all classes and ratings with limitations. in accordance with engine/APU maintenance data or, if agreed by
2. In addition to Table 1, the ANO 145 approved maintenance PCAA, in accordance with component maintenance data, only whilst
organization is required by ANO 145.A.20 to indicate scope of work such components are fitted to the engine and/or APU. Nevertheless,
in the maintenance organization exposition. See also paragraph 11. such ‘B’ rated maintenance organization approved in accordance
with ANO 145 may temporarily remove a component for
3. Within the approval class(es) and rating(s) granted by PCAA, the
maintenance, in order to improve access to that component, except
scope of work specified in the maintenance organization exposition
when such removal generates the need for additional maintenance
defines the exact limits of approval. It is therefore essential that the
not eligible for the provisions of this paragraph. The limitation
approval class(es) and rating(s) and the organization’s scope of work
section will specify the scope of such maintenance thereby
are compatible.
indicating the extent of approval. A maintenance organization
4. A category ‘A’ class rating means that the maintenance
approved in accordance with ANO 145 with a category ‘B’ class
organization approved in accordance with ANO 145 may carry out
rating may also carry out maintenance on an installed engine during
maintenance on the aircraft and any component (including engines
‘base’ and ‘line’ maintenance subject to a control procedure in the
and/or APUs), in accordance with aircraft maintenance data or, if
maintenance organization exposition.
agreed by PCAA, in accordance with component maintenance data,
only whilst such components are fitted to the aircraft.

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The maintenance organization exposition scope of work shall either ‘Base’ or ‘Line’ maintenance or both. It should be noted that
reflect such activity where permitted by PCAA. a ‘Line’ facility located at a main base facility requires a ‘Line’
6. A category ‘C’ class rating means that the ANO 145 approved maintenance approval.
maintenance organization may carry out maintenance on 9. The limitation section is intended to give the competent
uninstalled components (excluding engines and APUs) intended for authorities the flexibility to customize the approval to any particular
fitment to the aircraft or engine/APU. The limitation section will organization. Ratings shall be mentioned on the approval only when
specify the scope of such maintenance thereby indicating the extent appropriately limited. The table referred to in point 13specifies the
of approval. ANO 145 approved maintenance organization with a types of limitation possible. Whilst maintenance is listed last in each
category ‘C’ class rating may also carry out maintenance on an class rating it is acceptable to stress the maintenance task rather
installed component during base and line maintenance or at an than the aircraft or engine type or manufacturer, if this is more
engine/APU maintenance facility subject to a control procedure in appropriate to the organization (an example could be avionic
the maintenance organization exposition. The maintenance systems installations and related maintenance). Such mention in the
organization exposition scope of work shall reflect such activity limitation section indicates that the maintenance organization is
where permitted by PCAA. approved to carry out maintenance up to and including this
7. A category ‘D’ class rating is a self-contained class rating not particular type/task.
necessarily related to a specific aircraft, engine or other component. 10. When reference is made to series, type and group in the
The ‘D1’ — Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) rating is only necessary limitation section of class A and B, series means a specific type series
for a ANO 145 approved maintenance organization that carries out such as Airbus 300 or 310 or 319 or Boeing 737-300 series or RB211-
NDT as a particular task for another organization. ANO 145 524 series or Cessna 150 or Cessna 172 or Beech 55 series or
approved maintenance organization with a class rating in ‘A’ or ‘B’ continental O-200 series etc; type means a specific type or model
or ‘C’ category may carry out NDT on products it is maintaining such as Airbus 310-240 type or RB 211-524 B4 type or Cessna 172RG
subject to the maintenance organization exposition containing NDT type; any number of series or types may be quoted; group means
procedures, without the need for a ‘D1’ class rating. for example Cessna single piston engine aircraft or Lycoming non-
8. In the case of maintenance organizations approved in accordance supercharged piston engines etc.
with ANO-145, category A class ratings are subdivided into ‘Base’ or 11. When a lengthy capability list is used which could be subject to
‘Line’ maintenance. Such an organization may be approved for frequent amendment, then such amendment may be in accordance
with the indirect approval procedure referred to in

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points M.A.604(c) and M.B.606(c) or 145.A.70(c) and 145.B.40, as
applicable.
12. A maintenance organization which employs only one person to
both plan and carry out all maintenance can only hold a limited
scope of approval rating. The maximum permissible limits are:

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APPENDIX III – Maintenance Organization Approval Appendix III- Maintenance Organization Approval
referred to in ANO-145 referred to in Annex II (Part-145)

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(f). Base maintenance certifying staff shall demonstrate he/she
APPENDIX IV - Conditions for the use of staff not qualified to received type training and passed examination at the category C
ANO-066 in accordance with ANO.145.A.30 (j) 1 and 2 level referred to in Appendix III to ANO-066 for each aircraft type
1.Certifying staff in compliance with the following conditions will in the scope of work referred to in point (b), except that for the
first aircraft type, training and examination shall be at the
meet the intent of ANO.145.A.30(j) (1) and (2):
category B1, B2 or B3 level of Appendix III.
(a). The person shall hold a license or a certifying staff authorization
issued under the national regulations in full compliance with ICAO
Annex 1. EASA Part-145
(b). The scope of work of the person shall not exceed the scope of 2. Protected rights
work defined by the national license or the certifying staff a. The personnel having privileges before the entry into force of the
authorization, whatever is the most restrictive. relevant requirements of Annex III (Part-66) may continue to
(c). The person shall demonstrate he/she received the training on exercise them without the need to comply with points 1(c) to 1(f).
human factors and aviation legislation referred to in modules 9 b. However after that date any certifying staff willing to extend the
and 10 of Appendix I to ANO-066. scope of their authorization to include additional privileges shall
(d). The person shall demonstrate five years maintenance comply with point 1.
experience for line maintenance certifying staff and eight years for
c. Notwithstanding point 2(b) above, in the case of additional type
base maintenance certifying staff. However, those persons whose
training, compliance with points 1(c) and 1(d) is not required.
authorized tasks do not exceed those of a ANO-066 category A
certifying staff, need to demonstrate three years maintenance
experience only.
(e). Line maintenance certifying staff and base maintenance support
staff demonstrate he/she received type training and passed
examination at the category B1, B2 or B3 level, as applicable,
referred to in Appendix III to ANO-066 for each aircraft type in the
scope of work referred to in point (b). Those persons whose scope
of work does not exceed those of a category A certifying staff may
however receive task training in lieu of complete type training.

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APPLICATION FOR INITIAL GRANT / CONTINUATION
CHANGE OF ANO-145, ANO-M SUBPART F & ANO-

M SUBPART G APPROVAL

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PCAA FORM 4 APPLICATION FOR ACCEPTANCE OF
MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL

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the use in the course of undergoing work within its own facilities,
10.3.2 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF ANO/EASA PART-M as identified in the maintenance organization manual.
SUBPART F
M.A.604 MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION MANUAL
M.A.601 SCOPE a. The maintenance organization shall provide a manual containing
This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organization at least the following information:
to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that
maintenance of aircraft and components not listed in point M.A.201(g). 1.the organization will continuously work in accordance with
Annex I (Part-M) and the manual at all times, and;
2.the organization’s scope of work, and;
M.A.602 APPLICATION
3.the title(s) and name(s) of person(s) referred to in
An application for issue or changes of a maintenance organization M.A.606(b), and;
approval shall be made on a form and in a manner established by the 4.an organization chart showing associated chains of
competent authority. responsibility between the person(s) referred to in M.A.606(b),
and;
M.A.603 EXTENT OF APPROVAL 5.a list of certifying staff with their scope of approval, and;
6.a list of locations where maintenance is carried out, together
a. An organization involved in activities subject to this Subpart shall
with a general description of the facilities,
not exercise its activities unless approved by the competent
7.procedures specifying how the maintenance organization
authority. Appendix V to Annex I (Part-M) provides the template 8.ensures compliance with this Part, and;
certificate for this approval. the maintenance organization manual amendment procedure(s).
b. The maintenance organization’s manual referred to in point b. The maintenance organization manual and its amendments shall
M.A.604 shall specify the scope of work deemed to constitute be approved by the competent authority.
approval. Appendix IV to Annex I (Part-M) defines all classes and c. Notwithstanding point (b) minor amendments to the manual may
ratings possible under Subpart F of this Annex (Part-M).
be approved through a procedure (hereinafter called indirect
c. An approved maintenance organization may fabricate, in approval).
conformity with maintenance data, a restricted range of parts for

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Maintenance Training Organization Part/ ANO -147 (d). The organization shall have appropriate staff for the normal
expected contracted work. The use of temporarily sub-contracted
M.A.605 FACILITIES
staff is permitted in the case of higher than normally expected
The organization shall ensure that: contracted work and only for personnel not issuing a certificate of
(a). Facilities are provided for all planned work, specialized workshops release to service.
and bays are segregated as appropriate, to ensure protection from (e). The qualification of all personnel involved in maintenance shall
contamination and the environment. be demonstrated and recorded.
(b). Office accommodation is provided for the management of all (f). Personnel who carry out specialised tasks such as welding, non-
planned work including in particular, the completion of maintenance destructive testing/inspection other than colour contrast shall be
records. qualified in accordance with an officially recognised standard.
(c). Secure storage facilities are provided for components, equipment, (g). The maintenance organisation shall have sufficient certifying
tools and material. Storage conditions shall ensure segregation of staff to issue M.A.612 and M.A.613 certificates of release to service
unserviceable components and material from all other components, for aircraft and components. They shall comply with the
material, equipment and tools. Storage conditions shall be in accordance requirements of Annex III (Part-66).
with the manufacturers' instructions and access shall be restricted to (h). By derogation from paragraph (g), the organisation may use
authorized personnel. certifying staff qualified in accordance with the following provisions
when providing maintenance support to operators involved in
M.A.606 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
commercial operations, subject to appropriate procedures to be
(a). The organization shall appoint an accountable manager, who has approved as part of the organization’s manual:
corporate authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by 1. For a repetitive pre-flight airworthiness directive which specifically
the customer can be financed and carried out to the standard states that the flight crew may carry out such airworthiness directive,
required by this Part. the organization may issue a limited certifying staff authorisation to the
(b). A person or group of persons shall be nominated with the aircraft commander on the basis of the flight crew licence held, provided
responsibility of ensuring that the organization is always in that the organization ensures that sufficient practical training has been
compliance with this Subpart. Such person(s) shall be ultimately carried out to ensure that such person can accomplish the airworthiness
responsible to the accountable manager. directive to the required standard;
(c). All point (b) persons shall be able to show relevant knowledge,
background and appropriate experience related to aircraft and/or
component maintenance.
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2.In the case of aircraft operating away from a supported location the 2. to any person with not less than three years maintenance
organization may issue a limited certifying staff authorization to the experience and holding a valid ICAO aircraft maintenance
aircraft commander on the basis of the flight crew license, provided that licensee rated for the aircraft type requiring certification
the organization ensures that sufficient practical training has been provided there is no organization appropriately approved under
carried out to ensure that such person can accomplish the task to the this Part at that location and the contracted organization
required standard." obtains and holds on file evidence of the experience and the
license of that person.
M.A.607 CERTIFYING STAFF All such cases must be reported to the competent authority within
(a). In addition to M.A.606(g), certifying staff can only exercise their seven days of the issuance of such certification authorization. The
privileges, if the organization has ensured: approved maintenance organization issuing the one-off certification
1. that certifying staff can demonstrate that they meet the authorization shall ensure that any such maintenance that could
requirements of point 66.A.20(b) of Annex III (Part-66), except affect flight safety is re-checked.
when Annex III (Part-66) refers to Member State regulation, in (c) The approved maintenance organization shall record all details
which case they shall meet the requirement of such regulation, concerning certifying staff and maintain a current list of all certifying
and; staff together with their scope of approval as part of the
2. that certifying staff have an adequate understanding of the organization’s manual pursuant to point M.A.604(a)5.
relevant aircraft and/or aircraft component (s) to be maintained
together with the associated organization procedures. M.A.608 COMPONENTS, EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS
(b). In the following unforeseen cases, where an aircraft is grounded The organization shall:
at a location other than the main base where no appropriate 1. hold the equipment and tools specified in the maintenance data
certifying staff is available, the maintenance organization described in point M.A.609 or verified equivalents as listed in
contracted to provide maintenance support may issue a one-off the maintenance organization manual as necessary for day-to-
certification authorization: day maintenance within the scope of the approval; and,
1. to one of its employees holding type qualifications on 2. demonstrate that it has access to all other equipment and tools
aircraft of similar technology, construction and systems; or used only on an occasional basis.

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(b). Tools and equipment shall be controlled and calibrated to an M.A.613 COMPONENT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO
officially recognized standard. Records of such calibrations and the SERVICE
standard used shall be kept by the organization. a. At the completion of all required component maintenance in
(c). The organization shall inspect, classify and appropriately segregate accordance with this Subpart a component certificate of release to
all incoming components. service shall be issued in accordance with point M.A.802. EASA Form
1 shall be issued except for those components maintained in
M.A.609 MAINTENANCE DATA accordance with points M.A.502(b), M.A.502(d) or M.A.502(e) and
The approved maintenance organization shall hold and use applicable components fabricated in accordance with point M.A.603(c).
current maintenance data specified in point M.A.401 in the b. The component certificate release to service document, EASA
performance of maintenance including modifications and repairs. In the Form 1 may be generated from a computer database.
case of customer provided maintenance data, it is only necessary to
have such data when the work is in progress. M.A.614 MAINTENANCE RECORDS
a. The approved maintenance organization shall record all details of
M.A.610 MAINTENANCE WORK ORDERS work carried out. Records necessary to prove all requirements have
been met for issuance of the certificate of release to service
Before the commencement of maintenance, a written work order shall
including the sub- contractor's release documents shall be retained.
be agreed between the organization and the organization requesting
maintenance to clearly establish the maintenance to be carried out. b. The approved maintenance organization shall provide a copy of
each certificate of release to service to the aircraft owner, together
M.A.611 MAINTENANCE STANDARDS with a copy of any specific repair/modification data used for
repairs/modifications carried out.
All maintenance shall be carried out in accordance with the
Tc. he approved maintenance organization shall retain a copy of all
requirements of Section A, Subpart D of this Annex (Part-M).
maintenance records and any associated maintenance data for
three years from the date the aircraft or aircraft component to
M.A.612 AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE
which the work relates was released from the approved
maintenance organization.
At the completion of all required aircraft maintenance in accordance
1. The records under this paragraph shall be stored in a manner
with this Subpart an aircraft certificate of release to service shall be
issued according to point M.A.801. that ensures protection from damage, alteration and theft.

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2. All computer hardware used to ensure backup shall be stored in a
M.A.616 ORGANISATIONAL REVIEW
different location from that containing the working data in an
environment that ensures they remain in good condition. To ensure that the approved maintenance organization continues to
3. Where an approved maintenance organization terminates its meet the requirements of this Subpart, it shall organize, on a regular
operation, all retained maintenance records covering the last three basis, organizational reviews.
years shall be distributed to the last owner or customer of the respective
aircraft or component or shall be stored as specified by the competent M.A.617 CHANGES TO THE APPROVED MAINTENANCE
authority. ORGANISATION
In order to enable the competent authority to determine continued
M.A.615 PRIVILEGES OF THE ORGANISATION compliance with this Part, the approved maintenance organization shall
notify it of any proposal to carry out any of the following changes,
The maintenance organization approved in accordance with Section A, before such changes take place:
Subpart F of this Annex (Part-M), may: 1.the name of the organization;
a) maintain any aircraft and/or component for which it is approved 2.the location of the organization;
at the locations specified in the approval certificate and the 3.additional locations of the organization;
maintenance organization manual; 4.the accountable manager;
5.any of the persons specified in paragraph M.A.606(b);
b) arrange for the performance of specialized services under the 6.the facilities, equipment, tools, material, procedures, work scope
control of the maintenance organization at another organization and certifying staff that could affect the approval.
appropriately qualified, subject to appropriate procedures being In the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to the
established as part of the Maintenance Organization Manual management beforehand, these changes shall be notified at the earliest
approved by the competent authority directly; opportunity.
c) maintain any aircraft and/or component for which it is approved
at any location subject to the need of such maintenance arising M.A.618 CONTINUED VALIDITY OF APPROVAL
either from the unserviceability of the aircraft or from the necessity (a). An approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall
of supporting occasional maintenance, subject to the conditions remain valid subject to:
specified in the Maintenance Organization Manual; 1. the organization remaining in compliance with this Part, in
d) issue certificates of release to service on completion of accordance with the provisions related to the handling of
maintenance, in accordance with point M.A.612 or point M.A.613. findings as specified under point M.A.619, and;
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2. the competent authority being granted access to the organization to

determine continued compliance with this Part, and;

3.the approval not being surrendered or revoked;

(b) Upon surrender or revocation, the approval certificate shall be
returned to the competent authority.

M.A.619 FINDINGS
A level 1 finding is any significant non-compliance with Part-M
requirements which lowers the safety standard and hazards
seriously the flight safety.
A level 2 finding is any non-compliance with the Part-M
requirements which could lower the safety standard and possibly
hazard the flight safety.
After receipt of notification of findings according to point M.B.605,
the holder of the maintenance organisation approval shall define a
corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective action to the
satisfaction of the competent authority within a period agreed with
this authority.

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MODULE 10 – AVIATION LEGISLATION

SUB MODULE 10.4

AIR OPERATIONS

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Maintenance Training Organization Part/ ANO -147 (NAA) and Operators work and demonstrate their compliance
10.4 AIR OPERATIONS with regulations. This course introduces in detail the regulation
for Commercial Air Transport with Aeroplanes.
SCOPE
10.4.1 COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT/COMMERCIAL
The following types of civil air operations are within the scope
OPERATIONS
of Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 and its subsequent
A. ICAO amendment:
An operator that, for remuneration, provides scheduled or non- a. Specialized and non-specialized;
scheduled services of passengers, freight or mail. Also includes
b. Commercial and non-commercial;
small-scale operators, such as air taxis, that provide commercial
c. With complex motor-powered aircraft and with other-than-
air transport services.
complex motor-powered aircraft.
The Standards and Recommended Practices contained in Annex
6, Part I, shall be applicable to the operation of aeroplanes by SPECIALIZED OPERATIONS
operators authorized to conduct international commercial air The term ‘specialized operations’ refers to activities meeting
transport operations. the following criteria:
Note 1.— Standards and Recommended Practices applicable to a. The aircraft is flown close to the surface to fulfil the
international general aviation operations with aeroplanes are to mission;
be found in Annex 6, Part II. b. Abnormal maneuvers are performed;
Note 2.— Standards and Recommended Practices applicable to c. Special equipment is necessary to fulfil the mission and
international commercial air transport operations or which affects the maneuverability of the aircraft;
international general aviation operations with helicopters are to d. Substances are released from the aircraft during the flight
be found in Annex 6, Part III. where these substances are either harmful or affect the
B. EASA maneuverability of the aircraft;
e. External loads or goods are lifted or towed; or
The European Union has published Commission Regulation (EU)
No 965/2012 laying down technical requirements and f. Persons enter or leave the aircraft during flight.
administrative procedures related to air operations. This EU
Regulation has an impact on how National Aviation authorities

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A tilt rotor aircraft.
Operations not meeting the above criteria are ‘non-specialized’. An aircraft not meeting the above criteria is an ‘other-than-
complex motor-powered aircraft’.
COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS CONTENTS OF REGULATIONS
a.An aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, cargo Annex I Definitions
and / or mail for remuneration or hire.
Annex II Authority Requirements for Air Operations (Part-
b.Operations involving the transport of passengers, cargo or mail not ARO)
for remuneration or hire are ‘non-commercial
Annex III Organization Requirements for Air Operations
COMPLEX AIRCARFT (Part-ORO)
The term ‘complex motor-powered aircraft’ refers to: Annex IV Commercial Air Transport Operations (Part-CAT)
An airplane: Annex V Specific Approvals (Part-SPA)
(a).With a maximum certified take-off mass exceeding 5700Kg; or Annex VI Non-Commercial Operations with Complex
(b).Certified for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more Motor-Powered Aircraft (Part-NCC)
than nineteen; or Annex VII Non-Commercial Operations with other-than
(c).Certified for operation with a minimum crew of at least two Complex Motor-Powered Aircraft (Part-NCO)
pilots; or Annex VIII Specialized Operations (Part-SPO)
(d).Equipped with (a) turbojet engine(s) or more than one
REGULATION ON AIR OPERATIONS – STRUCTURE
turboprop engine; or
Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 on Air Operations contains eight
A helicopter certified:
Annexes. The following diagrams illustrate the contents of each
(a).For a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175Kg; or Annex. The contents of the Annexes are available via the
(b).For a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than Regulations page which can be found at:
nine; or https://www.easa.europa.eu/regulations
(c).For operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots; or

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C. PCAA
REGULAR PUBLIC TRANSPORT LICENCE
In accordance with Civil Aviation Rules 1994, National Aviation
Policy-2015 and Air Navigation Order ANO-001-ATNR, Regular
Public Transport (RPT) License is issued by DG CAA after the
approval of the Federal Government for carriage of passengers
and cargo by air.

Validity of the Licenses issued under ANO-001-ATNR shall be

one year from the date of issuance. Except first renewal
subsequent renewals shall be subject to having valid Air
Operator Certificate (AOC) or Approval Certificate issued by
CAA, unless waiver is granted by DG CAA or Federal
Government.
ANO-024-FSXX (COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT
OPERATIONS AEROPLANES)
This ANO provides the standards and recommended practices
as applicable to the operations of aero planes by Operators
authorized to conduct Commercial, Charter and Aerial Work
operations for requirements or hire.
Note 1: Standards and Recommended Practices applicable to
International General Aviation Operations with aero planes are
to be found in ICAO Annex 6, Part II./ ANO-91-0022.
Note 2: Standards and Recommended Practices applicable to
International Commercial Air Transport Operations or
International General Aviation Operations with helicopters are
to be found in ANO-025-XXFS.

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iv)The management structure is appropriate and personnel
10.4.2 AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATES selected by the operator for specified management positions have
required experience and qualification.
GENERAL
v)Manuals have been prepared in advance which describe in
(a).After the issuance of an Airline License to an operator by the detail how company personnel are required to carry out their duties.
Federal Government of Pakistan, it is a regulatory requirement to vI) Aircraft meet the appropriate standards and have been
obtain an Air Operator Certificate (AOC). proven in flight to be acceptable to the operation proposed
(b).The purpose of an AOC (Air Operators Certificate) is to ensure that (e).The operator shall be issued with the following type of AOC for
any person or company operating aircraft for the purpose of Commercial Operations Airline, Charter, and Aerial Work after the
commercial air transportation do so in a regulated and safe manner. successful demonstration of the regulatory requirements to CAA.
(c).It is a requirement of ICAO Annex 6, (Operation of Aircraft), EU-OPS
(f).Once certificated, the operator is responsible for ongoing
and CARs 1994 that the AOC shall be granted before any commercial compliance with the requirements of relevant legislation. The CAA
operation takes place. is required to continually monitor the operation to ensure
(d).The operator shall comply with all the requirements of Civil Aviation compliance. Failure by the operator to comply may result in
Regulations, and ensure that:- suspension or cancellation of the AOC.
i)The applicant has demonstrated that his Equipment, Ground CAA RULES 1994 OF AOC
Handling, Organization Staffing and Training Programmed are adequate i) . In accordance with CARs 1994, Part XI, regarding Licensing &
to secure the safe operation of the types of aircraft to be included in the Certification of Commercial Air Operations, Section 3, Air Operator
AOC Certificate, Rule 186 of CAR 1994, Operators to hold an Air
ii)The applicant can establish and maintain a satisfactory method of Operator Certificate states that:
supervision of the Flight Operation. a) Notwithstanding the provisions of Part XI (Licensing &
iii)The aircraft are provided with servicing and maintenance facility Certification of Commercial Air Operations), Section 2
and a system of maintenance control is established. (Licensing of Commercial Operators) of this Part, an aircraft
shall not fly for the purpose of:
o regular public transport;

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charter; or o Public Transport (RPT) License is issued by DG CAA after the
aerial work; approval of the Federal Government for carriage of passengers
Unless the operator of that aircraft holds an air and cargo by air.
operator certificate issued by the Director General. CHARTER
ii) In accordance with Rule 187 of CAR 1994, DGCAA Pakistan
An aircraft operation other than a commercial air transport
issues or renews AOC to a company
operation or an aerial work operation.
iii). CAR 187 further requires that AOC holders should have
In accordance with Civil Aviation Rules 1994, National
adequate maintenance facilities, equipment and staff for safe
Aviation Policy-2015 and Air Navigation Order ANO-001-
operation.
ATNR, Charter Licence is issued by DG CAA after the approval
iv). Flight Standards Directorate is the authorized office to
of the Federal Government, where applicable, for carriage of
accept and process the formal application of the operator for
passengers and cargo in the following categories:-
grant of AOC.
v). The relevant requirements have been prescribed in the Charter –Domestic
latest revision of ANO-001-FSXX on "Requirements for the Class-I
Issue, Renewal & continued validity of Air Operators Class-II
Certificate". Airworthiness Directorate co-ordinates with Charter –International
Director Flight Standards for compliance with airworthiness
Class-I
aspects of Issuance of an AOC.
Class-II
Note: AOC Guide (PCAAD-617) contains guidance on the issue of an Air
Class-I mean operation with aircraft having AUW of less than
Operator Certificate.
5700 Kgs.
TYPES OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE (AOC)
Class-II means operations without any aircraft weight limitations
REGULAR PUBLIC TRANSPORT
An aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, AERIAL WORK LICENSE
cargo or mail for remuneration or hire. An aircraft operation in which an aircraft is used for specialized
In accordance with Civil Aviation Rules 1994, National Aviation services such as agriculture, construction, photography,
Policy-2015 and Air Navigation Order ANO-001-ATNR, Regular

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d. The date of issue and the name, signature and title of the
surveying, observation and patrol, search and rescue, aerial
authority representative; and
advertisement, etc
e. The location in a control document carried on board,
In accordance with Civil Aviation Rules 1994, National Aviation Policy- where the contact details of the operational management
2015 and Air Navigation Order ANO-001-ATNR, Aerial Work License is can be found.
issued by DG CAA after the approval of the Federal Government, where OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS
applicable, for carriage of passengers and cargo in the following There are certain conditions and limitations attached to the AOC
categories:-
which are named as Operations Specifications.
Aerial Work – Domestic
Operations Specifications are issued using the subject matter for
Class-I each part as follows:
Class-II General Provisions
Aerial Work – International En-route Authorizations Limitations
Class-I Aerodrome Authorization and Limitations
Class-II Aircraft Maintenance
Class-I means operation with aircraft having AUW of less than 5700 Kgs Mass Balance
Class-II means operation with aircraft having AUW 5700 and above. Interchange Of Equipment Operations
CONTENTS OF AN AOC Aircraft Leasing Operations
The AOC shall contain at least the following information and Within each of the parts outlined above, there are standard and
shall follow the layout of Appendix “A” non-standard (operator specific) paragraphs that have been or will
a. The State of the Operator and the Issuing Authority; be developed either by an operator or the CAA to govern different
b. AOC Number and its expiration date; aspects of operations as required.
c. The Operator’s name, trading name (if different)
and address of the Principal place of business; Only those parts that apply to a particular operator will be issued
to that operator. Any additional requirements contemplated by
an operator may be authorized through the operator amendment
procedures outlined herein. The final decision as to that part of
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paragraph does or does not apply or the specific language in that
part or paragraph shall be the Director General's decision.
VALIDITY OF AN AOC
An AOC issued under CARs 94, shall be valid for a period of one
year from the date of issue or renewal, unless earlier
suspended or cancelled by Director General, CAA.

The Air Operator Certificate and/or the License issued under

the Rules shall be non-transferable.

The AOC shall lapse if the Operator ceases to continue his

operation for more than 45 days; and shall be subject to re-
evaluation of the Operator’s Operation for validation of AOC.

If an AOC has not been renewed after one year of its

issue/renewal, under Rule 54 or Rule 188 (as applicable), the
AOC shall be deemed invalid.

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AWNOT-065-AWRG
This Airworthiness Notice is applicable to all organizations
interested for issue, extension & renewal of an Air Operator
Certificate (AOC).

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When reference is made in this ANO to the "owner", the
term owner covers the owner or the lessee, as applicable.
10.4.3 OPERATORS RESPONSIBILITY IN PARTICULAR REGARDING c) Any person or organization performing maintenance shall be
CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS & MAINTENANCE responsible for the tasks performed.
d). The pilot-in-command or, in the case of commercial air
M.A.201 RESPONSIBILITIES transport, the operator shall be responsible for the satisfactory
Operators responsibility, in particular regarding continuing accomplishment of the pre-flight inspection. This inspection
airworthiness and maintenance is defined in Part-M (Continuing must be carried out by the pilot or another qualified person but
Airworthiness Requirements) Section A, Subpart B. need not be carried out by an approved maintenance
a) The owner is responsible for the continuing airworthiness of an organization or by Part-66 certifying staff.
aircraft and shall ensure that no flight takes place unless: e). In order to satisfy the responsibilities of paragraph (a),
1.the aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition, and; i)The owner of an aircraft may contract the tasks associated
2.any operational and emergency equipment fitted is with continuing airworthiness to a continuing airworthiness
correctly installed and serviceable or clearly identified as management organization approved in accordance with
Section A, Subpart G of this Annex (Part-M). In this case, the
unserviceable, and;
continuing airworthiness management organization
3.the airworthiness certificate remains valid, and;
assumes responsibility for the proper accomplishment of
4.the maintenance of the aircraft is performed in
these tasks.
accordance with the approved maintenance programme as
ii)An owner who decides to manage the continuing
specified in M.A.302.
airworthiness of the aircraft under its own responsibility,
b). When the aircraft is leased, the responsibilities of the owner are without a contract in accordance with Appendix I, may
transferred to the lessee if: nevertheless make a limited contract with a continuing
1.the lessee is stipulated on the registration document, or; airworthiness management organization approved in
2. detailed in the leasing contract. accordance with Section A, Subpart G of this Annex (Part-M),
for the development of the maintenance programme and its
approval in accordance with point M.A.302. In that case, the
limited contract transfers the responsibility for

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1. be appropriately approved, pursuant to Section A, Subpart G
the development and approval of the maintenance program to the of this Annex (Part-M), for the management of the
contracted continuing airworthiness management organization. continuing airworthiness of the aircraft it operates or
f). In the case of large aircraft, in order to satisfy the responsibilities of contract such an organization; and
paragraph (a) the owner of an aircraft shall ensure that the tasks 2. be appropriately approved in accordance with Section A,
associated with continuing airworthiness are performed by an approved Subpart F of this Annex (Part-M) or Annex II (Part-145), or
continuing airworthiness management organization. A written contract contract such organizations; and
shall be made in accordance with Appendix I. In this case, the continuing 3. ensure that paragraph (a) is satisfied.
airworthiness management organization assumes responsibility for the
j). The owner/operator is responsible for granting the competent
proper accomplishment of these tasks.
authority access to the organization/aircraft to determine continued
g). Maintenance of large aircraft, aircraft used for commercial air
compliance with this Part.
transport and components thereof shall be carried out by a Part-145
approved maintenance organization.
h). In the case of commercial air transport the operator is responsible for
the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft it operates and shall:
1.be approved, as part of the air operator certificate issued
by Competent authority, pursuant to Section A, Subpart G of
this Annex (Part-M) for the aircraft it operates; and
2.be approved in accordance with Annex II (Part-145) or
contract such an organization; and
3.ensure that paragraph (a) is satisfied.
i).When an operator is requested by a Member State to hold a certificate
for commercial operations, other than for commercial air transport, it
shall:

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iii). procedures for changing or deviating from i) and ii) above;
and
iv). when applicable condition monitoring and reliability
10.4.4 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM program descriptions for aircraft systems, components and
engines.
REGULATION
Maintenance tasks and intervals that have been specified as
(a).In accordance with Annex 6 (Operation of Aircraft), Part 1, Chapter
mandatory in approval of the type design shall be identified as such.
8.3 (Maintenance Program) and ANO-024-FSXX (Commercial Air
Recommendation: The maintenance program should be based
Transport Operations Aeroplanes), D8.3 (Maintenance Program)
on maintenance program information made available by the
The operator shall provide, for the use and guidance of
State of Design or by the organization responsible for the type
maintenance and operational personnel concerned, a
design, and any additional applicable experience.
maintenance program, approved by the State of Registry,
Note: Maintenance Program requirements are further defined in
containing the information required by (b). The design and
Module 10 booklet, sub-module 10.6 (ANO.M.A.302)
application of the operator’s maintenance program shall
observe Human Factors principles. B. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
A transport aircraft operator is responsible for his maintenance
Copies of all amendments to the maintenance program shall program and has to get it approved by his civil aviation
be furnished promptly to all organizations or persons to authority/state of registry. Maintenance Program used by the
whom the maintenance program has been issued. organization, to maintain aircraft / aircraft components, is
(b). A maintenance program for each aeroplane as required by developed from Maintenance Planning Document (MPD) and
D8.3 shall contain the following information: MPD is provided by the aircraft type certificate holder/aircraft
manufacturer and duly approved by the authorities
i).maintenance tasks and the intervals at which these are to
be performed, taking into account the anticipated utilization
The MPD of the manufacturer is the synthesis of three
of the aeroplane;
different sources:
ii).when applicable, a continuing structural integrity
a). The MRB (Maintenance Review Board), principal process,
program; b). The certification regulations of the aircraft type and its

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operational demands, Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organized in accordance
c). The follow-up of the aircraft operation and the feed-back from with an aircraft maintenance program.
experience which leads to additional specific tasks to maintain the
airworthiness of the aircraft. The aircraft maintenance program and any subsequent
amendments shall be approved by the competent authority

The aircraft maintenance program must establish compliance

with:
instructions issued by the competent authority;
instructions for continuing airworthiness

The aircraft maintenance program shall contain details,

including frequency, of all maintenance to be carried out,
including any specific tasks linked to the type and the
specificity of operations.

For large aircraft, when the maintenance program is based on

AWL / CMR maintenance steering group logic or on condition monitoring
the aircraft maintenance program shall include a reliability
program.
Management Structure
The aircraft maintenance program shall be subject to periodic
reviews and amended accordingly when necessary. These
reviews shall ensure that the program continues to be valid in
light of the operating experience and instructions from the
competent authority whilst taking into account new and/or
modified maintenance instructions promulgated by the type
certificate and supplementary type certificate holders

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Maintenance Program shall comprise of: The organization of the report reflects the organization of the work
Scheduled Tasks of which it combines the results.
Scheduled Tasks shall be performed respecting MPD at Introduction
defined threshold & repeat intervals. General Threshold General rules applicable at the total aircraft program
quoted are:
Maintenance program systems and power plant
o Calender life (Months, years, multiples, etc)
Maintenance program structures
o Flight cycles (FC)
o Flight Hours (FH) Zonal Maintenance Program
o Landings And a specific chapter: Specific American (US) requirements.
Unscheduled Tasks MAINTENANCE PLANNING DOCUMENT (MPD)
Unscheduled tasks are defined as the result from additional
requirements from the Authorities, manufacturers or As indicated above the MRB report only contains the initial
customer maintenance program of the aircraft, at the time of its first
Such additional requirements, are: commercial operation. The MPD is destined to follow that initial
o Airworthiness Directives/Service Bulletins/AOTs document to incorporate the evolutions during the life of the
o Continuous follow up of acceptable/just deferred aircraft which can thirty or more years. These evolutions are
defects taken from five different sources:
o Organization Bulletins/Orders requiring periodical
The airworthiness directives imposed by the certification
check or inspection
o Maintenance reports authorities,
The SIL (Service Information Letters) of the aircraft
o Pilot Reported defects
manufacturer,
C. THE MRB REPORT (MAINTENANCE REVIEW BOARD)
The SB (Service Bulletins) for inspection,
This report provides to the operators the minimum and initial
The SB (Service Bulletins) for modification
maintenance program of the aircraft, with the tasks and
application frequencies for systems, power plant and structure. And the evolutions of safe-life.
The objective of this document is to serve as a basis for each
operator to elaborate his own maintenance program which will Their impact on the maintenance tasks and their periodicity are
be in turn approved by the airworthiness authorities of his permanently incorporated into the MPD.
country.

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1 MEL

10.4.5 MEL/CDL An operator shall establish, for each airplane, a Minimum

Equipment list (MEL) approved by the Authority. This shall be
Rule 31 of CARs 94 states that a regular public transport based upon, but no less restrictive than, the relevant Master
Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) accepted by the Authority.
aircraft, or charter aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not fly
An operator shall not operate an airplane other than in
unless all the items of equipment; which are included in the accordance with the MEL unless permitted by the Authority.
minimum equipment list in the approved Flight Manual, or Any such permission will in no circumstances permit operation
other certification document for the aircraft, as being required outside the constraints of the MMEL.
to be serviceable for the particular operation, are serviceable.
2 CDL
No amendment shall be made to a minimum equipment list;
except with the approval of the Director General.
ANO-007-FSXX provides regulatory requirements and Configuration Deviation Lists (CDL) or their equivalent, are not
guidelines for provision of: a part of the MMEL/MEL. CDL provide amplified actions on
Operation and Maintenance procedures. Both are generally
❖ Mast er Minimum Equipment List (MME L) from the State of combined and are issued by the manufacturer. CDL identify any
design/ manufacturer and/or State of Registry established external components of an aircraft type, which may be missing
for the aircraft type by the organization responsible for the for dispatch and any associated information on performance
corrections for such cases (e.g. missing landing gear doors, flap
type design in conjunction with the State of Design; actuator fairings, etc.). The CDL may be published as part of the
❖ Minimum Equipment List (MEL), based on the Master CAA approved Flight Manual.

Minimum Equipment List, from the operator; and approved Any part not included in the CDL must be considered necessary
by the State of Operator. for flight. Therefore, without a CDL, missing secondary airframe
❖ CDL / DDPG from the manufacturer and engine parts would ground the airplane until repair or
replacement of the part is accomplished.
Note: The use and content of the MEL/CDL is covered in more detail in
Module 10 Booklet, sub-module 10.7.6.

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Following aircraft certificates are carried onboard. All such
certificates have validity dates and are subjected to renewal.
10.4.6 DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED Relevant ANO is ANO-007-AWRG (Aircraft Instruments,
Documents to be carried on aircraft are mentioned in ICAO Doc Equipment and Documents for Flight).
7300, Article 29 (Documents carried in aircraft). An aeroplane/helicopter shall be provided with manuals,
placards or other documents specified below:
PCAA rules 1994, Part XIII, Section 2, Rule 253 (Documents to Flight manual, placards or other documents stating the
be carried); approved limitations with which the aeroplane is
An aircraft registered in Pakistan other than a private considered airworthy as defined by the appropriate
aircraft shall not fly unless it carries: Airworthiness requirements, and additional instructions
(a). the certificate of Airworthiness issued in relation to that and information necessary for the safety of the aeroplane.
aircraft; o Certificate of Registration

(b) the certificate of release to service and the certificate of o Certificate of Airworthiness
maintenance review issued in relation to that aircraft; o Certificate of Maintenance Review
(c) the aircraft Flight Manual or equivalent certification
o Certificate of Release to Service
document;
(d) the licences issued in respect of the radio equipment o Certificate for Radio Installation
installed in the aircraft; o Insurance Certificate
(e) if passengers are carried, a list of their names, places of o PTA License for Radio Set Operators
embarkation and intended places of disembarkation;
o Approved weight and balance schedule
(f) if cargo is carried, bills of lading and manifests relating to
that cargo; o Noise Certificate issued in accordance with the latest
issue of Airworthiness Notice No. AWNOT-062-AWXX.
(g).the Operations Manual or those parts of it relating to flight
operations.
Note: Further details of documents is covered in Module 10 Booklet,
Sd sub-module 10.5 (B).

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If the corner marking are more than 2m apart,
intermediate lines 9 cm x 3 cm shall be inserted so that
10.4.7 AIRCRAFT PLACARDING (MARKINGS)
there is no more than 2m between adjacent markings.
The aircraft must contain the specified markings and placards. Any Note: This Standard does not require any aeroplane to have break-in
information, instrument markings and placards required for the safe areas.
operation if there are unusual design, operating or handling
characteristics. Each marking and placard described
Must be displayed in a conspicuous place; and
May not be easily erased, disfigured or obscured.
INSTRUMENT MARKINGS
When markings are on the cover glass of the instrument, there must be
means to maintain the correct alignment of the glass cover with the face
of the dial

Each instrument marking must be clearly visible to the appropriate

crew member

MARKINGS OF BREAK-IN POINTS

EMERGENCY MARKINGS
Requirement of markings of break-in points is mentioned in ICAO Annex- Emergency markings are required to give information to
6 (Part-I, Chapter 6.2.4), ANO-024-FSXX (D6.2.4) and ANO-007-AWRG passenger and crew.
(D2.8). The location of emergency exits, emergency lightning or floor
If areas of the fuselage suitable for break-in by rescue proximity lightning, location of fire extinguishers, fire axes, are
crews in emergency are marked on an aeroplane such identified with red letters and signs. Emergency exit placards
areas shall be marked as shown below. The color of the meet specific criteria as they have to be understood by all
markings shall be red or yellow, and if necessary, they passengers (Clear, Simple and Precise operating instructions).
shall be out-lined in white to contrast with the
background.
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MODULE 10 – AVIATION LEGISLATION

SUB MODULE 10.5

CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES

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Maintenance Training Organization Part/ ANO -147 (e). the issue of noise certificate
10.5 CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT, PARTS AND APPLIANCES
(f). the identification of products, parts and appliances;

10.5.1 GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF PART-21 AND EASA (g).the certification of certain parts and appliances;
CERTIFICATION SPECIFICATIONS CS-23, 25, 27, 29. (h).the certification of design and production organizations;
(i). the issue of airworthiness directives.
2 EASA CERTIFICATION SPECIFICATIONS CS-23, 25,
1 GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF PART-21
27, 29
i). Part 21 requirements for Design Organization Approvals and i). EACS 23/25/27/29 is based on the equivalent EASA
Production Organization Approvals, as described in Regulation requirements.
(EC) 748/2012 on 'Implementing Rules’. ii). An important element of this development has been the
ii). This Regulation lays down, in accordance with Article 5(5) harmonization with the corresponding United States legislation
and Article 6(3) of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, common FAR-25.
technical requirements and administrative procedures for the iii). The content of the standards is generally divided into the
airworthiness and environmental certification of products, following topics
parts and appliances specifying: PERFORMANCES: (e.g. climb gradients one engine inoperative)
(a). the issue of type-certificates, restricted type-certificates, and handling qualities (e.g. static and dynamic stability, control
supplemental type-certificates and changes to those force, etc.).
certificates; STRUCTURE: (e.g. gust envelopes, maneuvers envelope, fatigue
(b). the issue of certificates of airworthiness, restricted requirements, etc.).
certificates of airworthiness, permits to fly and authorized
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION: (e.g. emergency evacuation
release certificates;
provisions, fire protection etc.).
(c). the issue of repair design approvals;
POWERPLANT INSTALLATION: (e.g. uncontained power plant
(d). the showing of compliance with environmental failure, fuel and oil system requirements, etc.).
protection requirements;

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(b).In the absence of an appropriate investigation of
SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT: (e.g. systems safety analyses: operational implications these requirements do not
requirements for electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic systems: necessarily cover –
required equipment for flight and navigation, etc.). 1.Automatic landings.
MANUALS AND LIMITATIONS: (e.g. speed limitations, flight 2.Approaches and landings with decision heights of
less than 60 m (200 ft).
manual, continued airworthiness manual, etc.).
3.Operations on unprepared runway surfaces.
iv). The following are examples of Certification Specification (c).If the aeroplane is equipped with an engine control
categories: system that automatically resets the power or thrust on
CS-23: NORMAL, UTILITY, AEROBATIC, AND COMMUTER the operating engine(s) when any engine fails during
CATEGORY AEROPLANES take-off, additional requirements pertaining to
(a). This airworthiness code is applicable to – aeroplane performance and limitations and the
1. Aeroplanes in the normal, utility and aerobatic functioning and reliability of the system, contained in
categories that have a seating configuration, Appendix I (refer EASA CS-25), must be complied with.
excluding the pilot seat(s), of nine or fewer and a CS-27: SMALL ROTORCRAFT
maximum certificated take-off weight of 5670 kg (12 (a). This Airworthiness Code is applicable to small rotorcraft
500 lb) or less; and with maximum weights of 3 175 kg (7 000 lbs) or less and
2. Propeller-driven twin-engine aeroplanes in the nine or less passenger seats.
commuter category that have a seating (b). Multi-engine rotorcraft may be type certificated as
configuration, excluding the pilot seat(s), of Category A provided the requirements referenced in
nineteen or fewer and a maximum certificated take- Appendix C (refer EASA CS-27) are met.
off weight of 8618 kg (19 000 lb) or less.
CS-25: LARGE AEROPLANES CS-29: LARGE ROTORCRAFT
(a).The Airworthiness code is applicable to aeroplanes (a). This Airworthiness Code is applicable to large
powered with turbine engines – rotorcraft.
(1).Without contingency thrust ratings, and (b). Large rotorcraft must be certificated in accordance with
(2).For which it is assumed that thrust is not either the Category A or Category B requirements. A
increased following engine failure during take-off multi-engine rotorcraft may be type certificated as
except as specified in sub-paragraph (c).

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both Category A and Category B with appropriate and
different operating limitations for each category.
(c).Rotorcraft with a maximum weight greater than 9072
kg (20 000 pounds) and 10 or more passenger seats must
be type certificated as Category A rotorcraft.
(d). Rotorcraft with a maximum weight greater than
9072 kg (20 000 pounds) and nine or less passenger
seats may be type certificated as Category B rotorcraft
provided the Category A requirements of Subparts C, D,
E, and F (refer EASA CS-29) are met.
(e). Rotorcraft with a maximum weight of 9072 kg (20
000 pounds) or less but with 10 or more passenger seats
may be type certificated as Category B rotorcraft
provided the Category A requirements of CS 29.67(a)(2),
29.87, 29.1517, and of Subparts C, D, E, and F (refer EASA
CS-29) are met.
(f). Rotorcraft with a maximum weight of 9072 kg (20
000 pounds) or less and nine or less passenger seats may
be type certificated as Category B rotorcraft.

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aircraft, a current Certificate of Airworthiness, issued or

validated by the Airworthiness Directorate of Civil Aviation
Authority of Pakistan.
B. CATEGORIES OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
10.5.2 CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS; RESTRICTED CERTIFICATES
Aircraft is categorized according to the functions performed by
OF AIRWORTHINESS AND PERMIT TO FLY
it.
Civil Aviation Rules 1994 permit operation of the aircraft in the
CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS following categories: (As discussed in Module 10 Booklet, sub-
A Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A), or an airworthiness certificate, is module 10.4.2)
issued for an aircraft by the national aviation authority in the state in Regular Public Transport.
which the aircraft is registered. Charter.
The airworthiness certificate attests that the aircraft is airworthy Aerial Work.
insofar as the aircraft conforms to its type design. Private.
Each airworthiness certificate is issued in one or a number of different Owner/Operator of the aircraft shall specify in the application
categories. for issue / validation of Certificate of Airworthiness, the category
References for “C of A” can be found in: or categories mentioned above for which the aircraft is required
ICAO Annex 8 -Airworthiness of Aircraft to be certificated.
CARs 1994, Part IV, Airworthiness Requirements, Section 1, C. ISSUE / VALIDATION OF CERTIFICATE OF
Certificate of Airworthiness AIRWORTHINESS
Latest Revision of PCAA ANO-004-AWRG - Certificate of To enable issue/validation of Certificate of Airworthiness
Airworthiness, Permit to fly and Export Certificate of (including Export Certificate of Airworthiness) the applicant
Airworthiness shall provide, to the Airworthiness Directorate, the Certificate
A. GENERAL of Airworthiness issued by the State of Manufacture or by the
State in which the aircraft was last registered, together with
In accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation
the application on Form CAAF-127-AWRG and requisite fee.
and Rule 16 of Civil Aviation Rules 1994, no aircraft registered in
In case, an aircraft is entered on the Pakistan Civil Aircraft
Pakistan shall fly unless there is, relating to that
Register, and having a valid “C of A” issued by a contracting

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state, PCAA may validate that “C of A” issuing an authorization, manufacture have been carried out and/or certified to have
which shall not exceed the original validity of that “C of A” been carried out.
considering the previous C of A as satisfactory evidence in a The aircraft shall be weighed to determine its accurate
whole or in part that the aircraft is in compliance with ICAO empty weight and its corresponding centre of gravity to up-
applicable standards of Annex-8 (Airworthiness of Aircraft). date its weight and balance schedule and trim sheets. The
All the work required to be done on the aircraft for the aircraft weighing shall be carried out under the supervision of
issue of Certificate of Airworthiness shall be carried out by Airworthiness Directorate for approval of its weight and
appropriately licensed aircraft maintenance engineer or an balance schedule. Weighing carried out under the supervision
Organization approved by Airworthiness Directorate and shall of State of last registry may be accepted till its re-weighing
conform to the requirements, specifications, drawings and becomes due. Its weight and balance schedule shall be
instructions issued by the aircraft manufacturer. prepared on format acceptable to PCAA.
The aircraft shall be test flown according to flight test Prior to issue of first Certificate of Airworthiness by
schedule acceptable to the Airworthiness Directorate to PCAA, the Owner / Operator of the aircraft shall arrange
establish its compliance with: training of at least four Airworthiness officials (02 Aerospace &
The Airworthiness requirements of the State of 02 Avionics) so as to provide continued Airworthiness
Manufacture or the previous State of Registry. surveillance of the aircraft. The expenditures on the training
In certain circumstances, the Airworthiness Directorate may will be at no cost to PCAA. This training will be provided along
require special flight tests to determine conformity with the with own engineers / personnel required for maintenance of
national Airworthiness requirements. the aircraft, engines and equipment. The training shall be
Such other conditions as prescribed by the Airworthiness imparted by training center approved by the Airworthiness
Directorate for issue of a Certificate of Airworthiness. Directorate.
The aircraft maintenance engineer or the approved Following documents relating to the aircraft shall be
Organization shall certify the aircraft to be fit for flight test as submitted to Airworthiness Directorate for retention:-
determined through inspections of the aircraft, its records and i). A copy of type certificate and its technical data sheets or
manuals and that all applicable Airworthiness Directives, acceptable equivalent documents issued by the State of
mandatory modifications and inspections issued by the State of design/manufacture.

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ii). A copy of the Certificate of Airworthiness for export The Certificate of Airworthiness of the aircraft will be issued by
issued by the State of manufacture/State of last registry or the Airworthiness Directorate and validated for a period of
the current Certificate of Airworthiness. twelve (12) months by the nearest Airworthiness field office on
iii). A copy of Flight Manual or acceptable equivalent Form CAAF-009-AWRG after its necessary checks and
document. inspections have been carried out satisfactorily.
iv). A copy of the crew operations manual. D. RENEWAL OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
A copy of the manufacturer's maintenance/service, The airworthiness field office will renew certificate of
overhaul, repair and wiring diagram manuals and illustrated airworthiness of the aircraft when the owner/operator applies
parts catalogues of the aircraft, engine, propeller and installed on Form CAAF-119-AWXX along with necessary fee. The
equipment along with a written confirmation from the application should reached, at least 15 days prior to “C of A”
manufacturers thereof that amendments, revisions, or new expiry date. The aircraft shall comply with the following
issues will be supplied to the PCAA as and when these are requirements:
issued. i).The aircraft has been serviced and maintained in accordance with
A complete set of all manufacturers service bulletins or schedule, methods and procedures given by the manufacturer and
equivalent documents issued in respect of the aircraft along approved by the Airworthiness Directorate;
with a written confirmation from the manufacturers thereof ii). IAll inspections, repairs, overhauls, modifications and
that amendments, revisions, or new issues will be supplied to replacements which affect Airworthiness have been carried out as
the PCAA as and when these are issued. prescribed by the manufacturer and approved by the Airworthiness
A copy of the aircraft weight and balance manual. Directorate;
A copy of production flight test report issued by the aircraft iii). All certification maintenance requirements have been complied
manufacturer. with at the prescribed intervals and by appropriately licensed
For aircraft assembled in Pakistan: personnel;
i). Pilot Report of Test Flight on Form CAAF-129-AWXX. iv). All modifications or inspections declared mandatory by the
ii). Pilot Report or Test Flight (Radio) on Form CAAF-131- Airworthiness Directorate have been complied with.
AWXX. v). Compliance of all applicable Airworthiness Directives, mandatory
iii). Ground Reception Report of Test Flight on Form CAAF- modifications and inspections shall be
122-AWXX.

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intimated to the Airworthiness Directorate on Form CAAF-116-AWXX; from the previous flight test and to ensure proper functioning of the
vi). Any parts of the aircraft that have an ultimate service life limit aircraft and its systems in flight. However flight test report of the
declared by the organization responsible for the type design or the aircraft which is maintained under approved progressive
Airworthiness Directorate have not exceeded their approved lives; maintenance schedule will be carried out as per the requirements
vii). If the aircraft has been released to service with any airworthiness given in the schedule. The flight test reports shall be submitted to
significant systems, components or equipment unserviceable, this is in the Airworthiness Directorate.
compliance with a minimum equipment list or similar document
approved by the PCAA; The Certificate of Airworthiness of the aircraft will be renewed for
viii). If the aircraft has been released into service with any structural a period not exceeding twelve months from the date of
parts missing, this is in compliance with procedures approved by the satisfactory flight test. The aircraft which is maintained under the
Airworthiness Directorate. approved progressive maintenance schedule will have its
ix). All minor damages and repairs are within limits as given in the Certificates of Airworthiness renewed from the next day of its
structural repair manual for the aircraft; expiry period. The renewal will be affected after necessary checks
x). All markings and placards included in the approval of the type design and inspections have been carried out satisfactorily by the nearest
and approved by the Airworthiness Directorate are available; Airworthiness field office.
xi). The aircraft weight and balance data is in conformity with the E. INVALIDATION OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS
requirements of the Airworthiness Directorate, including reweighing (if Any failure to maintain an aircraft in an Airworthiness condition as
required) and/or compliance with a system for recording progressive defined by the appropriate Airworthiness requirements laid down
weight and balance change; by the Airworthiness Directorate shall render the aircraft ineligible
xii). The aircraft maintenance records are in conformity with the for operation until the aircraft is restored to an Airworthiness
requirements of the Airworthiness Directorate; condition.
xiii). Airworthiness flight test shall be completed to ensure that the Certificate of Airworthiness of the aircraft ceases to be valid:
aircraft flight characteristics do not change significantly i) On expiry date of validity entered on the Certificate;
ii) If the aircraft or any of its equipment which is essential to the
continued airworthiness of the aircraft is overhauled or
repaired, or such equipment is removed or replaced, other
than in a manner which complies with the maintenance

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and repair procedures issued by the aircraft and its equipment
manufacturers and maintenance schedule approved by the
Airworthiness Directorate;
iii). If the aircraft or its equipment is inspected and / or repaired by an
organization not approved by the Airworthiness Directorate.
iv). If any inspection of the aircraft, or of its equipment, required by the
approved maintenance procedures or schedules is not carried out;
v). If any modification specified by the aircraft manufacturer or
Airworthiness Directorate as mandatory for the continued Airworthiness
of the aircraft is not carried out;
vi). If any modification is carried out or equipment installed, other than
as approved by the Airworthiness Directorate;
vii). If any Airworthiness Directive issued by the state of manufacture or
a directive issued by the Airworthiness Directorate is not complied with;
viii). If the aircraft has sustained damage of such nature that in the
opinion of a licensed aircraft maintenance engineer, or authorized
person or an approved maintenance organization it is no longer fit to fly.
ix). If the Airworthiness Directorate has reason to believe that the
aircraft is not airworthy.

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requirements:
RESTRICTED CERTIFICATES OF AIRWORTHINESS iii) Issue and check compliance with specific certification
specifications ensuring adequate safety with regard to the
(a) The competent authority of the Member State of registry shall issue intended use, and
a restricted certificate of airworthiness for: iv) .Specify limitations for use of this aircraft.
i). New aircraft, upon presentation of the documentation required by
21A.174 (b)(2) demonstrating that the aircraft conforms to a design (c)Limitations for use will be associated with restricted certificates
approved by the Agency under a restricted type-certificate or in of airworthiness including airspace restrictions as necessary to take
accordance with specific certification specifications, and is in condition account of deviations from essential requirements for airworthiness
for safe operation. laid down in the basic Regulaiton.
ii). Used aircraft, upon presentation of the documentation required by
21A.174 (b)(3) demonstrating:
o The aircraft conforms to a design approved by the
Agency under a restricted type certificate or in
accordance with specific certification specifications,
and
o The applicable airworthiness directives have been
complied with, and
o The aircraft has been inspected in accordance with the
appropriate provisions of Part-M;
o When the competent authority of the member state of
registry is satisfied that the aircraft conforms to the
approved design and is in condition for safe operation.
This may include inspections by the competent
authority of the member state of registry.
(b).For an aircraft that cannot comply with the essential requirements
referred to in the basic Regulation and which is not eligible for a
restricted type-certificate, the agency shall, as necessary to take account
of deviations from these essential

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PERMIT TO FLY Any restriction the applicant considers necessary for safe
operation of the aircraft; and
PCAA ANO-004-AWRG “Certificate of Airworthiness, Permit to fly and
Any other information considered necessary by the
Export Certificate of Airworthiness” laying down the requirements of
Airworthiness Directorate for the purpose of prescribing
permit to fly;
operating limitations.
When an aircraft is not fully in compliance with its airworthiness
When issuing a special flight permit, appropriate limitations
requirements, the CAA airworthiness regulations may, nevertheless,
should be prescribed to minimize hazard to persons or
make provisions for the Director Airworthiness to issue a special flight
property. The following limitations are considered to be
permit, providing the aircraft is capable of safe flight. Such occasions
essential in all special flight permits:
might include:
i). a copy of the permit should be on board the aircraft at
i). relocating the aircraft to a base where maintenance is to
all times when operating under the terms of the permit,
be performed, or to a point of storage;
ii). the registration marks assigned to the aircraft by the
ii). delivering the aircraft; or
State of Registry should be displayed on the aircraft in
ii). evacuating the aircraft from an area of impending conformity with the requirements of that State;
danger, or in cases of force majeure.
iii). persons or property should not be carried for
Procedure and Requirements compensation or hire;
i). An Application for a special permit to fly should be iv). no person should be carried in the aircraft unless that
submitted to the Airworthiness Directorate indicating at person is essential to the purpose of the flight and has been
least the following: advised of the contents of the authorization and the
o The make, model, serial number and registration marks airworthiness status of the aircraft;
of the aircraft; v). the aircraft should be operated only by crew who are
o The purpose of the flight; aware of the purpose of the flight and any limitations
o The proposed itinerary; imposed, and who hold appropriate certificates or licenses
o The crew required to operate the aircraft; issued or validated by the State of Registry;

o Details of non-compliance with applicable

airworthiness requirements;

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vi). all flights should be conducted so as to avoid areas
having heavy traffic or any other areas where flights might
create hazardous exposure to persons or property;
vii). All flights should be conducted within the performance
operating limitations prescribed in the aircraft flight manual
and those additional limitations specified by the State of
Registry for the particular flight; and;
viii). the limit of validity of the permit should be specified.
Note: If the aircraft is not in compliance with Annex 8 and the flight
involves operations over States other than the State of
Registry, the operator of the aircraft must obtain special flight
authorizations from the appropriate authorities of each of
those States prior to undertaking the flight.

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Also note that an individual aircraft may be assigned different
10.5.3 CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION registrations during its existence. This can be because the aircraft
changes ownership, jurisdiction of registration, or in some cases for
A. GENERAL
vanity reasons
An aircraft registration is a unique alphanumeric string that
References for “C of R” can be found in:
identifies a civil aircraft, in similar fashion to a license plate on
ICAO Annex 7 (Aircraft Nationality & Registration Marks)
an automobile.
CARs 1994 , Part III, Registration & Marking of Aircraft,
In accordance with the Convention on International Civil
Section 1, Registration of Aircraft
Aviation all aircraft must be registered with a national aviation
authority and they must carry proof of this registration in the In accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation
form of a legal document called a Certificate of Registration at and Rule 7 of Civil Aviation Rules 1994, “An Aircraft other than a
all times when in operation. military aircraft shall not fly in Pakistan unless it has been included
Most countries also require the aircraft registration to be in Pakistan Aircraft Register or has been registered in a contracting
state”
imprinted on a permanent fireproof plate mounted on the
fuselage for the purposes of post-fire/post-crash aircraft B. NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS
accident investigation. In accordance with CARs 1994, Part III, Section 2, Rule 13;
Because aeroplanes/airplanes display their registration The nationality mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan
numbers on the aft fuselage just forward of the tail, in earlier shall be the letters "AP".
times, more often on the tail itself, the registration is often The registration mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan
referred to as the "tail number". shall be the group of three letters assigned to the aircraft
Although each aircraft registration is unique, some countries and included in its certificate of registration.
allow it to be re-used when the aircraft has been sold, The nationality and registration marks allocated to an
aircraft shall be painted on its structure or affixed by any
destroyed or retired.
other means giving a similar degree of permanence and shall
be clean and visible at all times.
An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall carry an identification
plate inscribed with its nationality and

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registration marks. The plate shall be made of fire proof if it is transferred to the aircraft register of another State
material and shall be secured to the aircraft in a prominent If the Certificate of Airworthiness is not issued for two years
position near the main entrance. after its registration or is not renewed for successive two
C. DOCUMENTS FOR AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION years.

The registration of aircraft is not a function of Airworthiness

Certification, However, PCAA registration is a prerequisite for
issuance of Airworthiness Certificate.
The following documents are required for Aircraft Registration
(i.a.w latest revision of AWNOT-005-AWRG):
i).Application Form CAAF-128-AWXX
ii). Type Certificate/Type Validation Certificate issued by
FAA or EASA as applicable.
iii). Type Certificate/Type Acceptance Certificate issued by
PCAA
iv). Approval from DGCAA to induct the aircraft in Pakistan.
v). Proof of Ownership of Aircraft
vi). Custom Clearance Documents
vii). De-registration Certificate from the country of
previous registration.
viii). Processing fee
D. CANCELLATION OF REGISTRATION
The person, or persons, or organization named in Pakistan
Aircraft Register as the owner, or owners of that aircraft shall
inform the Director-General:
if the aircraft suffers destruction
if it is permanently withdrawn from use

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that State to be carried on the aircraft.
(1.5) The documents attesting noise certification for an
aircraft shall provide at least the following information:
Item 1. Name of State.
10.5.4 NOISE CERTIFICATE Item 2. Title of the noise document.
Item 3. Number of the document.
A. AIRCRAFT NOISE
Item 4. Nationality or common mark and registration
Aircraft noise is noise pollution produced by any aircraft or its marks.
components, during various phases of a flight: on the ground while Item 5. Manufacturer and manufacturer’s designation of
parked such as auxiliary power units, while taxiing, on run-up from aircraft.
propeller and jet exhaust, during take-off, underneath and lateral to Item 6. Aircraft serial number.
departure and arrival paths, over-flying while en route, or during Item 7. Engine manufacturer, type and model.
landing Item 8. Propeller type and model for propeller-driven
Reference Documents include : aeroplanes.
ICAO Annex 16 Environmental Protection Vol.-I “Aircraft Item 9. Maximum take-off mass in kilograms.
Noise” Item 10. Maximum landing mass, in kilograms,
PCAA AWNOT-62-AWRG “Aircraft Noise Certificate” Item 11. The chapter and section of this Annex according
B. ICAO ANNEX-16, PART II to which the aircraft was certificated.
Item 12. Additional modifications incorporated for the
In accordance with ICAO Annex 16, Vol-1, Part II, Aircraft Noise
purpose of compliance with the applicable noise
Certification, Chapter 1 Administration
certification Standards.
(1.2) Noise certification shall be granted or validated by the
Item 13. The lateral/full-power noise level in the
State of Registry of an aircraft on the basis of satisfactory
corresponding unit for documents issued under
evidence that the aircraft complies with requirements that
Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 12 of this Annex.
are at least equal to the applicable Standards specified in Item 14. The approach noise level in the corresponding
Annex 16. unit for documents issued under Chapters 2, 3, 4,
(1.4) The documents attesting noise certification shall be 5, 8 and 12 of this Annex.
approved by the State of Registry and shall be required by

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Item 15. The flyover noise level in the corresponding unit for Certification, Chapter 4.
documents issued under Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 12 (4.2) Noise measurements
of this Annex.
Noise evaluation measure shall be the effective perceived
Item 16. The overflight noise level in the corresponding unit
noise level in EPNdB.
for documents issued under Chapters 6, 8 and 11
(4.3) Reference noise measurement points
of this Annex.
Item 17. The take-off noise level in the corresponding unit An aeroplane, when tested in accordance with these
for documents issued under Chapters 8 and 10 of Standards, shall not exceed the maximum noise level of the
this Annex. noise measured at the points specified:
Item 18. Statement of compliance, including a reference to lateral full-power reference noise measurement point
Annex 16, Volume I. flyover reference noise measurement point
Item 19. Date of issuance of the noise certification approach reference noise measurement point
document.
(4.4) Maximum noise levels

Item 20. Signature of the officer issuing it. The maximum permitted noise levels defined, shall not be
exceeded at any of the measurement points.
(1.8) Contracting States shall recognize as valid a noise
certification granted by another Contracting State provided a). At the lateral full-power (reference noise measurement
that the requirements under which such certification was point)
granted are at least equal to the applicable Standards 103 EPNdB for aeroplanes with maximum certificated
specified in this Annex. take-off mass, at which the noise certification is
(1.9) A Contracting State shall suspend or revoke the noise requested, of 400 000 kg and over and decreasing
certification of an aircraft on its register if the aircraft ceases linearly with the logarithm of the mass down to 94
to comply with the applicable noise Standards. The State of EPNdB at 35 000 kg, after which the limit remains
Registry shall not remove the suspension of a noise constant.
certification or grant a new noise certification unless the b). At flyover (reference noise measurement point)
aircraft is found, on reassessment, to comply with the (i). Aeroplanes with two engines or less
applicable noise Standards. 101 EPNdB for aeroplanes with maximum
In accordance with ICAO Annex 16, Part II, Aircraft Noise

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certificated take-off mass, at which the noise The sum of the differences at any two measurement points between
certification is requested, of 385 000 kg and over and the maximum noise levels and the corres ponding maximum
decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the permitted noise levels specified above, shall not be less than 2
aeroplane mass at the rate of 4 EPNdB per halving of EPNdB.
mass down to 89 EPNdB, after which the limit is
constant. C. I.A.W. AWNOT-062-AWRG, DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
(ii) Aeroplanes with three engines FOR ISSUANCE OF NOISE CERTIFICATE
As a) but with 104 EPNdB for aeroplanes with The application for the noise certification is to be submitted to the
maximum certificated take-off mass of 385 000 kg Airworthiness directorate on latest version of Form CAAF-150-
and over. AWRG, while submitting the application, the applicant has to
(iii). Aeroplanes with four engines or more authorize deduction of applicable fee or submit the document
As a) but with 106 EPNdB for aeroplanes with pertaining to payment of fee.
maximum certificated take-off mass of 385 000 kg
and over. Following documents are to be submitted along with noise
application.
c)At approach (reference noise measurement point)
o The aircraft’s Type Certificate and Type Certificate Data
105 EPNdB for aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-off mass, at Sheet (TCDS)
which the noise certification is requested, of 280 000 kg or over, and o Supplemental Type Certificate(s) as applicable
decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the mass down to 98 EPNdB at
o Approved Flight Manual
35 000 kg, after which the limit remains constant.
o Approved Flight Manual Supplement
o Copy of previous Noise Certificate issued by
The sum of the differences at all three measurement points between the manufacturer or previous State of Registry
maximum noise levels and the maximum permitted noise levels
specified above, shall not be less than 10 EPNdB. The Noise Certificate will be issued on latest revision of form CAAF-
019-AWXX. This certificate includes all required information given
in para 1.5 of Annex-16 Vol-1 part-II Chapter-1.

The Noise Certificate is required to be carried on the aircraft.

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Ground Noise Measurement locations

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operation, the loading, mass and center of gravity of
10.5.5 WEIGHT SCHEDULE the aeroplane remains within the limitations
Must establish the mass and the center of gravity of
A. GENERAL
any aeroplane by actual weighing before first service
Aircraft have a tendency to gain weight because of the Must reweigh, if the effect of modifications on the mass
accumulation of dirt, grease, corrosion etc., in areas not readily and balance is not accurately known & must determine
accessible for washing and cleaning. the mass of all-operating items and crewmembers and
Aircraft empty weight as well as, its centre of gravity may vary the influence of their position on the aeroplane center
because of repairs and/or incorporation of modifications, as of gravity must be determined
such determination of the accurate empty weight of the Must establish the mass of the traffic load, must
aircraft and its corresponding centre of gravity is extremely determine the mass of the fuel load by using the actual
important, as incorrect data could cause subsequent over density or, if not known, the density calculated
loading of the aircraft resulting in an increase of structural
I.A.W. AWNOT-011-AWXX, “AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND
loads and reduction in performance.
BALANCE CONTROL”
i). Complete and up to date weight and balance schedule and
An operator shall specify in the operations Manual trim sheets are required for all aircraft registered in Pakistan
The principles and methods involved in the loading and and must be carried on board the aircraft along with other
in the mass and balance system documents such as the Certificate of Airworthiness, Certificate
Each weight change has to be recorded and registered of Maintenance and Flight Manual etc.
in the weight and balance sheet of the aircraft ii). The control of weight and balance is the responsibility of
A scheduled aircraft weighing has to be established for the operator.
every flight a weight calculation (load sheet) must be Iii). Aircraft would be weighed after every four years (on major
performed and signed by the pilot check falling due after 04 years since last weighing but not
An operator shall ensure that during any phase of exceeding 5 years) unless preamble to the approved
maintenance schedule specifies otherwise.
iv). If the basic weight is estimated to have changed by more
than 0.5% of the maximum certificated take-off weight or if the

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centre of gravity is estimated to have changed by more than
0.5% of M.A.C., then the aircraft shall be re-weighed physically.
v). For new aircraft the manufacturer will furnish complete
information with the aircraft not only regarding its actual
weight and balance, but will also include sketches and other
data that will assist the operator in checking the balance after
alterations, together with weight and balance control manual
or loading instructions.
vi). For aircraft which had previously been registered in
another state, weight and balance data, certified by the
Airworthiness Authority of that state will be accepted at the
time of issue of Certificate of Airworthiness in Pakistan.
Physical weighing of the aircraft will be carried out on the
major check falling due after 4 years since last weighing but not
exceeding 5 years. However, the weight and balance schedule
changed to the manufacturer’s production weight and balance
format would be acceptable to PCAA.
vii). In case, where complete weight and balance data is not
available, the aircraft shall be weighed and the empty weight
and C. G. location determined before the issue of a Certificate
of Airworthiness.
viii). Each weighing must be witnessed, and the result
confirmed by an authorized officer of the Airworthiness
Directorate. Weight and balance schedule must be calculated
and prepared by an appropriately qualified AME in Category B1
or an operations engineer having PCAA approval.

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issued by the Federal Government;
(b). The installation in the aircraft has been approved
by the Director-General; and
(c). The equipment is of a type approved by the Director-
10.5.6 RADIO STATION LICENSE AND APPROVAL General and complies with such directions issued by him
in respect of airworthiness requirements
A. GENERAL
C. AWNOT-071-AWXX
The requirement to have radio licenses originate from the
The purpose of AWNOT-071-AWXX “PTA Licence, Radio
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), an international
Installation Certificate & Allocation of Aircraft (24 Bit Code)
organization responsible to manage the allocation of radio frequencies.
Address” is to ensure compliance with Airworthiness
They are also responsible to regulate the use of transmitting
requirements prescribed for the installation of Radio
equipment with a view to ensure they operate within acceptable
equipment, Its documentation, PTA Licensing and approval of
tolerances.
Mode S transponder codes relating to Aircraft Registration
The Convention on International Civil Aviation requires (Article 30)
Marking.
that the transmitting equipment be installed and operated in an
aircraft in accordance with a radio license and that (Article 29) the D. MOBILE WIRELESS LICENSE
radio license be carried on board the aircraft. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) issues the Radio
The ICAO documents do not provide a detailed listing of Station License necessary for operating radio equipment
equipment to be mentioned on a radio license. However, all onboard the aircraft).
transmitting radio equipment (VHF, HF, ELT, radar, etc.) installed on an E. GRANT OF APPROVAL
aircraft should be covered in the radio license.
After obtaining License from PTA, copies of that license will be
B. PCAA CARs 1994, Rule 34 submitted to the Field office and HQCAA Airworthiness Directorate.
CARs 1994, Part IV “Airworthiness Requirements”, Section 5 – “Radio The operator will be responsible for the timely renewal of the PTA
Equipment in Aircraft”, Rule 34 states license which will be a requirement for renewal of Certificate of
Radio equipment shall not be installed in an aircraft registered in Airworthiness every year.
Pakistan unless: Director Airworthiness on behalf of DG PCAA will issue
(a) There is in respect of such radio equipment, a license Certificate of Radio Installation.

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Module 10 - AVIATION LEGISLATION

Category – B Sub Module 10.5 – Certification of Aircraft, Parts and Appliances

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MODULE 10 – AVIATION LEGISLATION

SUB MODULE 10.6

CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS

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authorisation, major repair design approval or any other relevant
10.6 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS approval deemed to have been issued under this Regulation.
10.6.1 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF PART-21 Information about this system shall be made available to all known
PROVISIONS RELATED TO CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS operators of the product, part or appliance and, on request, to any
person authorised under other associated implementing
The continuing airworthiness functions, shall be performed in Regulations.
accordance ·with the provisions of Annex I to the Basic Regulation and (b). Reporting to the Agency
Annex Part 21 to Commission Regulation (EC) No. 748/2012 laying down 1. The holder of a type-certificate, restricted type-certificate,
implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental supplemental type-certificate, ETSO authorisation, major repair design
certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, in approval or any other relevant approval deemed to have been issued
particular its paragraphs,. 21.A.3A (Failures , Malfuncionsand defect under this Regulation shall report to the Agency any failure,
)and 21.A.3B (Airworthiness Directives ), and the related Acceptable malfunction, defect or other occurrence of which it is aware related to
Means of Compliance ("AMC") and Guidance Material 'GM"). a product, part, or appliance covered by the type-certificate, restricted
type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, ETSO authorisation,
21.A.3A FAILURES, MALFUNCTIONS AND DEFECTS major repair design approval or any other relevant approval deemed to
have been issued under this Regulation, and which has resulted in or
(a). System for Collection, Investigation and Analysis of Data
may result in an unsafe condition.
The holder of a type-certificate, restricted type-certificate,
2. These reports shall be made in a form and manner established by the
supplemental type-certificate, European Technical Standard Order
Agency, as soon as practicable and in any case dispatched not later than
(ETSO) authorisation, major repair design approval or any other
72 hours after the identification of the possible unsafe condition, unless
relevant approval deemed to have been issued under this
exceptional circumstances prevent this.
Regulation shall have a system for collecting, investigating and
343 Investigation of Reported Occurrences
analysing reports of and information related to failures,
malfunctions, defects or other occurrences which cause or might 1.When an occurrence reported under point (b), or under points
cause adverse effects on the continuing airworthiness of the 21.A.129(f)(2) or 21.A.165(f)(2) results from a deficiency in the
product, part or appliance covered by the type-certificate, restricted
type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, ETSO

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(c). When an airworthiness directive has to be issued by the agency
design, or a manufacturing deficiency, the holder of the type-certificate, to correct the unsafe condition referred to in point (b), or to require
restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, major repair the performance of an inspection, the holder of the type-certificate,
design approval, ETSO authorisation, or any other relevant approval restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, major
deemed to have been issued under this Regulation, or the manufacturer repair design approval, ETSO authorisation or any other relevant
as appropriate, shall investigate the reason for the deficiency and report approval deemed to have been issued under this Regulation, shall:
to the Agency the results of its investigation and any action it is taking or 1. propose the appropriate corrective action or required
proposes to take to correct that deficiency. inspections, or both, and submit details of these proposals to
the Agency for approval;
2.If the Agency finds that an action is required to correct the deficiency, 2. following the approval by the Agency of the proposals referred
the holder of the type-certificate, restricted type-certificate, to under point (1), make available to all known operators or
supplemental type-certificate, major repair design approval, ETSO owners of the product, part or appliance and, on request, to any
authorisation, or any other relevant approval deemed to have been person required to comply with the airworthiness directive,
issued under this Regulation, or the manufacturer as appropriate, shall appropriate descriptive data and accomplishment instructions.
submit the relevant data to the Agency. (d). An airworthiness directive shall contain at least the following
information:
21.A.3B AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES 1.an identification of the unsafe condition;
(a).An airworthiness directive means a document issued or adopted by 2.an identification of the affected aircraft;
the Agency which mandates actions to be performed on an aircraft to 3.the action(s) required;
restore an acceptable level of safety, when evidence shows that the
4.the compliance time for the required action(s);
safety level of this aircraft may otherwise be compromised.
5.the date of entry into force.
(b).The Agency shall issue an airworthiness directive when:
1.an unsafe condition has been determined by the Agency to
exist in an aircraft, as a result of a deficiency in the aircraft, or
an engine, propeller, part or appliance installed on this aircraft;
and
2.that condition is likely to exist or develop in other aircraft.

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2 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF EASA PART-M

10.6.2 DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF EASA PART-M AND
The purpose of the Part-M is to define the role of the competent
ANO-M.
authority which shall be for the:
i)Oversight of the continuing airworthiness of individual aircraft and
DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF PCAA ANO-M
the issue of airworthiness review certificates;
PCAA is in the process of implementing EASA (European Aviation ii)Oversight of a maintenance organization as specified in M.A.
Safety Agency) based SARI (South Asian Regional Initiative) Subpart-F;
Regulations in-order to harmonize the local standards with those
iii)Oversight of a continuing airworthiness management organization
being followed by EASA.
as specified in M.A. Subpart-G;
In line with this ANO-M-AWRG, requirements for Continuing
iv).Approval of maintenance programs.
Airworthiness of Aircraft is in process of approval.

NOTE:
In this booklet only Regulations of EASA Part-M are defined for
AMC and GM refer to EASA websites.
www.easa.europa.eu

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report to the owner, the operator or the continuing airworthiness
SECTION A – TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
management organization any such condition affecting the owner's
SUBPART A - GENERAL or the operator's aircraft or component.
Reports shall be made as soon as practicable, but in any case within
M.A.101 SCOPE 72 hours of the person or organization identifying the condition to
This Section establishes the measures to be taken to ensure that which the report relates.
airworthiness is maintained, including maintenance. It also specifies the
conditions to be met by the persons or organizations involved in such SUBPART C- CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS
continuing airworthiness management.
M.A.301 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS TASKS
SUBPART B- ACCOUNTABILITY The aircraft continuing airworthiness and the serviceability of both
operational and emergency equipment shall be ensured by:
M.A.201 RESPONSIBILITIES 1. The accomplishment of pre-flight inspections;
“This Topic is discussed in Module 10 Booklet, Sub-module 10.4.3” 2.The rectification in accordance with the data specified in point
M.A.304 and/or point M.A.401, as applicable, of any defect and
M.A.202 OCCURRENCE REPORTING damage affecting safe operation, taking into account, for all large
aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport, the minimum
Any person or organization responsible in accordance with point
equipment list and configuration deviation list as applicable to the
M.A.201 shall report to the competent authority designated by the
aircraft type;
State of Registry, the organization responsible for the type design or
3.The accomplishment of all maintenance, in accordance with the
supplemental type design and, if applicable, the Member State of
M.A.302 approved aircraft maintenance programme;
operator, any identified condition of an aircraft or component which
endangers flight safety. 4. For all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport
the analysis of the effectiveness of the M.A.302 approved
Reports shall be made in a manner established by the Agency and
maintenance programme;
contain all pertinent information about the condition known to the
person or organization. 5. The accomplishment of any applicable:

Where the person or organization maintaining the aircraft is i).airworthiness directive;

ii). operational directive with a continuing airworthiness impact;
contracted by an owner or an operator to carry out maintenance,
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iii). continued airworthiness requirement established by the Agency; ii).The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall
iv). measures mandated by the competent authority in immediate not use the indirect approval procedure when this organisation
reaction to a safety problem; is not under the oversight of the Member State of Registry,
unless an agreement exists in accordance with point M.1 (4)(ii)
6.the accomplishment of modifications and repairs in accordance with or (4)(iii), as applicable, transferring the responsibility for the
point M.A.304; approval of the aircraft maintenance programme to the
7.for non-mandatory modifications and/or inspections, for all large competent authority responsible for the continuing
aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport the establishment airworthiness management organisation.
of an embodiment policy; (d). The aircraft maintenance programme must establish compliance
8.maintenance check flights when necessary. with:
i).instructions issued by the competent authority;
M.A.302 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME ii). instructions for continuing airworthiness:
(a).Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organized in accordance with
issued by the holders of the type-certificate, restricted type-
an aircraft maintenance programme certificate, supplemental type-certificate, major repair design
(b).The aircraft maintenance programme and any subsequent approval, ETSO authorisation or any other relevant approval issued
amendments shall be approved by the competent authority. under Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 and its Annex I (Part-21), and
(c).When the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft is managed by a included in the certification specifications referred to in point 21A.90B
continuing airworthiness management organization approved in or 21A.431B of Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, if
accordance with Section A, Subpart G of this Annex (Part M), the aircraft applicable;
maintenance programme and its amendments may be approved additional or alternative instructions proposed by the owner or the
through an indirect approval procedure. continuing airworthiness management organisation once approved in
accordance with point M.A.302, except for intervals of safety related
i).In that case, the indirect approval procedure shall be
tasks referred in point (e), which may be escalated, subject to sufficient
established by the continuing airworthiness management
reviews carried out in accordance with point (g) and only when subject
organisation as part of the Continuing Airworthiness
to direct approval in accordance with point M.A.302(b).
Management Exposition and shall be approved by the
competent authority responsible for that continuing
airworthiness management organisation.

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data approved by a Part-21 design organisation; or
data contained in the certification specifications referred to in point
(e).The aircraft maintenance programme shall contain details,
21A.90B or 21A.431B of Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No
including frequency, of all maintenance to be carried out, including
748/2012.
any specific tasks linked to the type and the specificity of operations.
(f). For large aircraft, when the maintenance programme is based on
M.A.305 AIRCRAFT CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS RECORD
maintenance steering group logic or on condition monitoring, the
SYSTEM
aircraft maintenance programme shall include a reliability
a). At the completion of any maintenance, the certificate of release to
programme.
service required by point M.A.801 or point 145.A.50 shall be entered in
(g). The aircraft maintenance programme shall be subject to periodic
the aircraft continuing airworthiness records. Each entry shall be made
reviews and amended accordingly when necessary. These reviews
as soon as practicable but in no case more than 30 days after the day of
shall ensure that the programme continues to be valid in light of the
the maintenance action.
operating experience and instructions from the competent
b). The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall consist of:
authority whilst taking into account new and/or modified
maintenance instructions promulgated by the type certificate and 1. an aircraft logbook, engine logbook(s) or engine module log
supplementary type certificate holders and any other organisation cards, propeller logbook(s) and log cards for any service life
that publishes such data in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to limited component as appropriate, and,
Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. 2. when required in point M.A.306 for commercial air transport
or by the Member State for commercial operations other than
M.A.303 AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES commercial air transport, the operator's technical log.
Any applicable airworthiness directive must be carried out within the c). The aircraft type and registration mark, the date, together with total
requirements of that airworthiness directive, unless otherwise specified flight time and/or flight cycles and/or landings, as appropriate, shall be
entered in the aircraft logbooks.
by the Agency.

d). The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall contain the

M.A.304 DATA FOR MODIFICATIONS AND REPAIRS
current:
Damage shall be assessed and modifications and repairs carried out
using as appropriate:
(a) data approved by the Agency; or

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1.status of airworthiness directives and measures mandated by the f). The person responsible for the management of continuing
competent authority in immediate reaction to a safety problem; airworthiness tasks pursuant to Section A, Subpart B of this Annex
2.status of modifications and repairs; (Part M), shall control the records as detailed in this point and
3.status of compliance with maintenance programme; present the records to the competent authority upon request.

4.status of service life limited components; g). All entries made in the aircraft continuing airworthiness records
shall be clear and accurate. When it is necessary to correct an entry,
5.mass and balance report;
the correction shall be made in a manner that clearly shows the
6.list of deferred maintenance.
original entry.
e). In addition to the authorised release document, EASA Form 1 or h). An owner or operator shall ensure that a system has been
equivalent, the following information relevant to any component
established to keep the following records for the periods specified:
installed (engine, propeller, engine module or service life -limited
1.all detailed maintenance records in respect of the aircraft and
component) shall be entered in the appropriate engine or propeller
any service life-limited component fitted thereto, until such
logbook, engine module or service life limited component log card:
time as the information contained therein is superseded by new
1.identification of the component; and
information equivalent in scope and detail but not less than 36
2.the type, serial number and registration, as appropriate, of the months after the aircraft or component has been released to
aircraft, engine, propeller, engine module or service life-limited service; and
component to which the particular component has been fitted, 2.the total time in service (hours, calendar time, cycles and
along with the reference to the installation and removal of the landings) of the aircraft and all service life- limited components,
component; and at least 12 months after the aircraft or component has been
3.the date together with the component's accumulated total permanently withdrawn from service; and
flight time and/or flight cycles and/or landings and/or calendar 3.the time in service (hours, calendar time, cycles and landings)
time, as appropriate; and as appropriate, since last scheduled maintenance of the
4.the current point (d) information applicable to the component subjected to a service life limit, at least until the
component. component scheduled maintenance has been superseded by

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maintenance is next due except that the competent authority
another scheduled maintenance of equivalent work scope and may agree to the maintenance statement being kept elsewhere,
detail; and and;
4. the current status of compliance with maintenance 4. all outstanding deferred defects rectifications that affect the
programme such that compliance with the approved aircraft
operation of the aircraft, and;
maintenance programme can be established, at least until the
5. any necessary guidance instructions on maintenance support
aircraft or component scheduled maintenance has been
arrangements.
superseded by other scheduled maintenance of equivalent work
(b). The aircraft technical log system and any subsequent amendment
scope and detail; and
shall be approved by the competent authority.
5. the current status of airworthiness directives applicable to the
aircraft and components, at least 12 months after the aircraft or
component has been permanently withdrawn from service; and (c). An operator shall ensure that the aircraft technical log is retained
for 36 months after the date of the last entry.
6. details of current modifications and repairs to the aircraft,
M.A.307 TRANSFER OF AIRCRAFT CONTINUING
engine(s), propeller(s) and any other component vital to flight
AIRWORTHINESS RECORDS
safety, at least 12 months after they have been permanently
withdrawn from service. a).The owner or operator shall ensure when an aircraft is
permanently transferred from one owner or operator to another
that the M.A.305 continuing airworthiness records and, if
M.A.306 OPERATOR'S TECHNICAL LOG SYSTEM
applicable, M.A.306 operator's technical log are also transferred.
(a). In the case of commercial air transport, in addition to the
b). The owner shall ensure, when he contracts the continuing
requirements of M.A.305, an operator shall use an aircraft technical log
airworthiness management tasks to a continuing airworthiness
system containing the following information for each aircraft:
management organization, that the M.A.305 continuing
1. information about each flight, necessary to ensure
airworthiness records are transferred to the organization.
continued flight safety, and;
c). The time periods prescribed for the retention of records shall
2. the current aircraft certificate of release to service, and;
continue to apply to the new owner, operator or continuing
3. the current maintenance statement giving the aircraft airworthiness management organization.
maintenance status of what scheduled and out of phase

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SUBPART D- MAINTENANCE STANDARDS M.A.402 PERFORMANCE OF MAINTENANCE

M.A.401 MAINTENANCE DATA a). All maintenance shall be performed by qualified personnel, following
a). The person or organization maintaining an aircraft shall have access the methods, techniques, standards and instructions specified in the
to and use only applicable current maintenance data in the performance M.A.401 maintenance data. Furthermore, an independent inspection
of maintenance including modifications and repairs. shall be carried out after any flight safety sensitive maintenance task
b). For the purposes of this Part, applicable maintenance data is: unless otherwise specified by Annex II (Part-145) or agreed by the
1.any applicable requirement, procedure, standard or competent authority.
information issued by the competent authority or the Agency, b). All maintenance shall be performed using the tools, equipment and
2.any applicable airworthiness directive, material specified in the M.A.401 maintenance data unless otherwise
specified by Annex II (Part-145). Where necessary, tools and equipment
3. applicable instructions for continuing airworthiness, issued by
shall be controlled and calibrated to an officially recognised standard.
type certificate holders, supplementary type certificate holders
and any other organization that publishes such data in c). The area in which maintenance is carried out shall be well organised
accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No and clean in respect of dirt and contamination.
748/2012. d). All maintenance shall be performed within any environmental
4. any applicable data issued in accordance with point limitations specified in the M.A.401 maintenance data.
145.A.45(d). e). In case of inclement weather or lengthy maintenance, proper
c).The person or organization maintaining an aircraft shall ensure that all facilities shall be used.
applicable maintenance data is current and readily available for use f). After completion of all maintenance a general verification must be
when required. The person or organization shall establish a work card or carried out to ensure the aircraft or component is clear of all tools,
worksheet system to be used and shall either transcribe accurately the equipment and any other extraneous parts and material, and that all
maintenance data onto such work cards or worksheets or make precise access panels removed have been refitted.
reference to the particular maintenance task or tasks contained in such
maintenance data.

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M.A.403 AIRCRAFT DEFECTS SUBPART E- COMPONENTS

a) Any aircraft defect that hazards seriously the flight safety shall be
rectified before further flight. M.A.501 INSTALLATION
b). Only the authorised certifying staff, according to points M.A.801(b)1,
a). No component may be fitted unless it is in a satisfactory condition,
M.A.801(b)2, M.A.801(c), M.A.801(d) or Annex II (Part-145) can decide,
has been appropriately released to service on an EASA Form 1 or
using M.A.401 maintenance data, whether an aircraft defect hazards
equivalent and is marked in accordance with Annex I (Part-21), Subpart
seriously the flight safety and therefore decide when and which
Q, unless otherwise specified in Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No
rectification action shall be taken before further flight and which defect
748/2012, Annex II (Part-145) or Subpart F, Section A of Annex I to this
rectification can be deferred. However, this does not apply when:
Regulation.
1.the approved minimum equipment list as mandated by the
b). Prior to installation of a component on an aircraft the person or
competent authority is used by the pilot; or,
approved maintenance organisation shall ensure that the particular
2. aircraft defects are defined as being acceptable by the component is eligible to be fitted when different modification and/or
competent authority. airworthiness directive configurations may be applicable.
c). Any aircraft defect that would not hazard seriously the flight safety c). Standard parts shall only be fitted to an aircraft or a component when
shall be rectified as soon as practicable, after the date the aircraft defect the maintenance data specifies the particular standard part. Standard
was first identified and within any limits specified in the maintenance parts shall only be fitted when accompanied by evidence of conformity
data. traceable to the applicable standard.
d). Any defect not rectified before flight shall be recorded in the M.A.305 d). Material being either raw material or consumable material shall only
aircraft maintenance record system or M.A.306 operator's technical log be used on an aircraft or a component when the aircraft or component
system as applicable. manufacturer states so in relevant maintenance data or as specified in
Annex II (Part-145). Such material shall only be used when the material
meets the required specification and has appropriate traceability. All
material must be accompanied by documentation clearly relating to the
particular material and containing a conformity to specification
statement plus both the manufacturing and supplier source.

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M.A.502 COMPONENT MAINTENANCE whilst such components are fitted to the engine/APU. Nevertheless,
such B rated organisation may temporarily remove this component
a). Except for components referred to in point 21A.307(c) of Annex I
for maintenance, in order to improve access to the component,
(Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, the maintenance of
except when such removal generates the need for additional
components shall be performed by maintenance organisations
maintenance not eligible for the provisions of this point.
appropriately approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart F of
d). By derogation from point (a) and point M.A.801(b)2,
this Annex (Part-M) or with Annex II (Part- 145).
maintenance of a component while installed or temporarily
b). By derogation from point (a), maintenance of a component in
removed from an ELA1 aircraft not used in commercial air transport
accordance with aircraft maintenance data or, if agreed by the
and performed in accordance with component maintenance data,
competent authority, in accordance with component maintenance
may be performed by certifying staff referred to in point
data, may be performed by an A rated organisation approved in
M.A.801(b)2, except for:
accordance with Section A, Subpart F of this Annex (Part-M) or with
1.overhaul of components other than engines and propellers, and;
Annex II (Part-145) as well as by certifying staff referred to in point
M.A.801(b)2 only whilst such components are fitted to the aircraft. 2. overhaul of engines and propellers for aircraft other than CS-
Nevertheless, such organisation or certifying staff may temporarily VLA, CS-22 and LSA.
remove this component for maintenance, in order to improve Component maintenance performed in accordance with point (d) is
access to the component, except when such removal generates the not eligible for the issuance of an EASA Form 1 and shall be subject
need for additional maintenance not eligible for the provisions of to the aircraft release requirements provided for in point M.A.801.
this point. Component maintenance performed in accordance with e). Maintenance of components referred to in 21A.307(c) of Annex
this point is not eligible for the issuance of an EASA Form 1 and shall I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 shall be performed by an
be subject to the aircraft release requirements provided for in point A-rated organisation approved in accordance with Section A,
M.A.801. Subpart F of this Annex (Part-M) or Part-145, by certifying staff
c). By derogation from point (a), maintenance of an engine/Auxiliary referred to in point M.A.801(b)2 or by the pilot-owner referred to in
Power Unit (APU) component in accordance with engine/APU point M.A.801(b)3 while such a component is fitted to the aircraft
maintenance data or, if agreed by the competent authority, in or temporarily removed to improve access. Component
accordance with component maintenance data, may be performed
by a B rated organisation approved in accordance with Section A,
Subpart F of this Annex (Part-M) or with Annex II (Part-145) only

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maintenance performed in accordance with this point is not eligible 5. involvement in an incident or accident likely to affect its
for the issuance of an EASA Form 1 and shall be subject to the serviceability.
aircraft release requirements provided for in point M.A.801. (b). Unserviceable components shall be identified and stored in a
secure location under the control of an approved maintenance
M.A.503 SERVICE LIFE LIMITED COMPONENTS organization until a decision is made on the future status of such
(a). Installed service life limited components shall not exceed the component. Nevertheless, for aircraft not used in commercial air
approved service life limit as specified in the approved maintenance transport other than large aircraft, the person or organization that
programme and airworthiness directives, except as provided for in declared the component unserviceable may transfer its custody,
point M.A.504(c). after identifying it as unserviceable, to the aircraft owner provided
(b). The approved service life is expressed in calendar time, flight that such transfer is reflected in the aircraft logbook or engine
hours, landings or cycles, as appropriate. logbook or component logbook.

(c). At the end the approved service life, the component must be (c). Components which have reached their certified life limit or
removed from the aircraft for maintenance, or for disposal in the contain a non-repairable defect shall be classified as unsalvageable
case of components with a certified life limit. and shall not be permitted to re-enter the component supply
system, unless certified life limits have been extended or a repair
solution has been approved according to point M.A.304.
M.A.504 CONTROL OF UNSERVICEABLE COMPONENTS
(d). Any person or organization accountable under this Annex
(a). A component shall be considered unserviceable in any one of the
(Part-M) shall, in the case of a point (c) unsalvageable components:
following circumstances:
1.retain such component in the point (b) location, or;
1.expiry of the service life limit as defined in the maintenance
2.arrange for the component to be mutilated in a manner that
program;
ensures that it is beyond economic salvage or repair before
2. non-compliance with the applicable airworthiness directives
relinquishing responsibility for such component.
and other continued airworthiness requirement mandated by
(e). Notwithstanding point (d) a person or organization accountable
the Agency;
under this Annex (Part-M) may transfer responsibility of
3. absence of the necessary information to determine the
components classified as unsalvageable to an organization for
airworthiness status or eligibility for installation; training or research without mutilation.
4. evidence of defects or malfunctions;

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M.A.704 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS MANAGEMENT

SUBPART F- MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION EXPOSITION
“This Topic is discussed in Module 10 Booklet, Sub-module10.3.2” (a).The continuing airworthiness management organization shall
provide a continuing airworthiness management exposition
SUBPART G- CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS containing the following information:
MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION 1.a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that
the organization will work in accordance with this Part and the
M.A.701 SCOPE exposition at all times, and;
This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organization 2.the organization’s scope of work, and;
to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the 3.the title(s) and name(s) of person(s) referred to in points
management of aircraft continuing airworthiness. M.A.706(a), M.A.706(c), M.A.706(d) and M.A.706(i), and;
4. an organization chart showing associated chains of responsibility
M.A.702 APPLICATION between all the person(s) referred to in points M.A.706(a),
An application for issue or change of a continuing airworthiness M.A.706(c), M.A.706(d) and M.A.706(i), and;
management organization approval shall be made on a form and in a 5. a list of the airworthiness staff referred to in point M.A.707,
manner established by the competent authority. specifying, where applicable, the staff authorized to issue
permits to fly in accordance with point M.A.711(c), and;
M.A.703 EXTENT OF APPROVAL
6. a general description and location of the facilities, and;
(a).The approval is indicated on a certificate included in Appendix
VI issued by the competent authority. 7. procedures specifying how the continuing airworthiness
management organization ensures compliance with this Part,
(b).Notwithstanding point (a), for commercial air transport, the
and;
approval shall be part of the air operator certificate issued by the
competent authority, for the aircraft operated. 8. the continuing airworthiness management exposition
(c).The scope of work deemed to constitute the approval shall be amendment procedures, and;
specified in the continuing airworthiness management exposition in
accordance with point M.A.704.

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out to the standard required for the issue of an air operator's
9. the list of approved aircraft maintenance programmes, or, for aircraft certificate.
not involved in commercial air transport, the list of ‘generic’ and c). A person or group of persons shall be nominated with the
‘baseline’ maintenance programmes. responsibility of ensuring that the organisation is always in
(b)The continuing airworthiness management exposition and its compliance with this Subpart. Such person(s) shall be ultimately
amendments shall be approved by the competent authority. responsible to the accountable manager.
(c) Notwithstanding point (b), minor amendments to the exposition d). For commercial air transport, the accountable manager shall
may be approved indirectly through an indirect approval procedure. designate a nominated post holder. This person shall be responsible
The indirect approval procedure shall define the minor amendment for the management and supervision of continuing airworthiness
eligible, be established by the continuing airworthiness activities, pursuant to point (c).
management organisation as part of the exposition and be e). The nominated post holder referred to in point (d) shall not be
approved by the competent authority responsible for that employed by a Part-145 approved organisation under contract to
continuing airworthiness management organisation. the operator, unless specifically agreed by the competent authority.
f). The organisation shall have sufficient appropriately qualified
M.A.705 FACILITIES staff for the expected work.
The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall provide g). All point (c) and (d) persons shall be able to show relevant
suitable office accommodation at appropriate locations for the knowledge, background and appropriate experience related to
personnel specified in point M.A.706. aircraft continuing airworthiness.
h). The qualification of all personnel involved in continuing
M.A.706 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS airworthiness management shall be recorded.
a). The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager, who has i). For organizations extending airworthiness review certificates in
corporate authority for ensuring that all continuing airworthiness accordance with points M.A.711(a)4 and M.A.901(f), the
management activities can be financed and carried out in organization shall nominate persons authorized to do so, subject to
accordance with this Part. approval by the competent authority.
b). For commercial air transport the point (a) accountable manager j). The organization shall define and keep updated in the continuing
shall be the person who also has corporate authority for ensuring airworthiness management exposition the title(s) and name(s) of
that all the operations of the operator can be financed and carried

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(e). Notwithstanding points (a) to (d), the requirement laid
person(s) referred to in points M.A.706(a), M.A.706(c), M.A.706(d)
down in point M.A.707(a)1(b) may be replaced by five years
and M.A.706(i).
of experience in continuing airworthiness additional to
k). For all large aircraft and for aircraft used for commercial air those already required by point M.A.707(a)1(a).
transport the organization shall establish and control the
2. For aircraft not used in commercial air transport of 2 730 kg
competence of personnel involved in the continuing airworthiness
MTOM and below, and balloons, these staff shall have acquired:
management, airworthiness review and/or quality audits in
(a).at least three years' experience in continuing
accordance with a procedure and to a standard agreed by the
airworthiness, and
competent authority.
(b). an appropriate license in compliance with Annex III
M.A.707 AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW STAFF (Part-66) or an aeronautical degree or a national
a). To be approved to carry out airworthiness reviews and, if applicable, equivalent; and
to issue permits to fly, an approved continuing airworthiness (c). appropriate aeronautical maintenance training; and
management organization shall have appropriate airworthiness review (d). a position within the approved organization with
staff to issue airworthiness review certificates or recommendations appropriate responsibilities;
referred to in Section A of Subpart I and, if applicable, to issue a permit €. Notwithstanding points (a) to (d), the requirement laid
to fly in accordance with point M.A.711(c): down in point M.A.707(a)2(b) may be replaced by four years
1. For all aircraft used in commercial air transport, and aircraft above 2 of experience in continuing airworthiness additional to
730 kg MTOM, except balloons, these staff shall have acquired: those already required by point M.A.707(a)2(a).
(a). at least five years' experience in continuing (b). Airworthiness review staff nominated by the approved
airworthiness; and continuing airworthiness organization can only be issued an
(b). an appropriate license in compliance with Annex III authorization by the approved continuing airworthiness
(Part-66) or an aeronautical degree or a national organization when formally accepted by the competent authority
equivalent; and after satisfactory completion of an airworthiness review under
(c). formal aeronautical maintenance training; and supervision.
(c). The organization shall ensure that aircraft airworthiness review
(d). a position within the approved organization with
staff can demonstrate appropriate recent continuing airworthiness
appropriate responsibilities.
management experience.

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(d). Airworthiness review staff shall be identified by listing each 5. ensure that all applicable airworthiness directives and operational
person in the continuing airworthiness management exposition directives with a continuing airworthiness impact, are applied,
together with their airworthiness review authorization reference. 6. ensure that all defects discovered during scheduled maintenance
€. The organization shall maintain a record of all airworthiness or reported are corrected by an appropriately approved
review staff, which shall include details of any appropriate maintenance organization,
qualification held together with a summary of relevant continuing 7. ensure that the aircraft is taken to an appropriately approved
airworthiness management experience and training and a copy of maintenance organization whenever necessary,
the authorization. This record shall be retained until two years after 8. coordinate scheduled maintenance, the application of
the airworthiness review staff have left the organization. airworthiness directives, the replacement of service life limited
parts, and component inspection to ensure the work is carried
M.A.708 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS MANAGEMENT out properly,
a). All continuing airworthiness management shall be carried out 9. manage and archive all continuing airworthiness records and/or
according to the prescriptions of M.A Subpart C. operator's technical log.
b). For every aircraft managed, the approved continuing airworthiness 10. ensure that the mass and balance statement reflects the
management organization shall: current status of the aircraft.
1.develop and control a maintenance programme for the (c). In the case of commercial air transport, when the operator is not
aircraft managed including any applicable reliability appropriately approved to Part-145, the operator shall establish a
programme, written maintenance contract between the operator and a Part-
2. Present the aircraft maintenance programme and its approved organization or another operator, detailing the functions
amendments to the competent authority for approval, unless specified in points M.A.301-2, M.A.301-3, M.A.301-5 and M.A.301-
covered by an indirect approval procedure in accordance with 6, ensuring that all maintenance is ultimately carried out by a Part-
point M.A.302(c), and provide a copy of the programme to the 145 approved maintenance organization and defining the support
owner of aircraft not involved in commercial air transport, of the quality functions of point M.A.712(b). The aircraft base,
3. manage the approval of modification and repairs, scheduled line maintenance and engine maintenance

4. ensure that all maintenance is carried out in accordance with

the approved maintenance programme and released in
accordance with Section A, Subpart H of this Annex (Part-M),

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contracts, together with all amendments, shall be approved by the establish an adequate Aircraft Maintenance Programme in
competent authority. However, in the case of: compliance with point M.A.302 in due time before exercising the
1. an aircraft requiring unscheduled line maintenance, the privileges referred to in point M.A.711.
contract may be in the form of individual work orders addressed
to the Part-145 maintenance organization. M.A.710 AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW
2. component maintenance, including engine maintenance, the (a). To satisfy the requirement for the airworthiness review of an
contract as referred to in point (c) may be in the form of aircraft referred to in point M.A.901, a full documented review of
individual work orders addressed to the Part-145 maintenance the aircraft records shall be carried out by the approved continuing
organization. airworthiness management organization in order to be satisfied
that:
M.A.709 DOCUMENTATION 1.airframe, engine and propeller flying hours and associated flight
(a).The approved continuing airworthiness management cycles have been properly recorded; and
organization shall hold and use applicable current maintenance data 2. the flight manual is applicable to the aircraft configuration and
in accordance with point M.A.401 for the performance of continuing reflects the latest revision status; and
airworthiness tasks referred to in point M.A.708. This data may be 3. all the maintenance due on the aircraft according to the
provided by the owner or the operator, subject to an appropriate approved maintenance programme has been carried out; and
contract being established with such an owner or operator. In such 4. all known defects have been corrected or, when applicable,
case, the continuing airworthiness management organization only
carried forward in a controlled manner; and
needs to keep such data for the duration of the contract, except
5. all applicable airworthiness directives have been applied and
when required by point M.A.714.
properly registered; and
(b). For aircraft not involved in commercial air transport, the
6. all modifications and repairs applied to the aircraft have been
approved continuing airworthiness management organization may
registered and are in compliance with Annex I (Part-21) to
develop ‘baseline’ and/or ‘generic’ maintenance programmes in
Regulation (EU) No 748/2012; and
order to allow for the initial approval and/or the extension of the
scope of an approval without having the contracts referred to in 7. all service life limited components installed on the aircraft are
Appendix I to this Annex (Part-M). These ‘baseline’ and/or ‘generic’ properly identified, registered and have not exceeded their
maintenance programmes however do not preclude the need to approved service life limit; and

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8.all maintenance has been released in accordance with Annex I (Part-
M); and (d) By derogation to point M.A.901(a), the airworthiness review can
9.the current mass and balance statement reflects the configuration of be anticipated by a maximum period of 90 days without loss of
the aircraft and is valid; and continuity of the airworthiness review pattern, to allow the physical
10.the aircraft complies with the latest revision of its type design review to take place during a maintenance check.
approved by the Agency; and (e). The airworthiness review certificate (EASA Form 15b) or the
11,.if required, the aircraft holds a noise certificate corresponding to the recommendation for the issue of the airworthiness review
current configuration of the aircraft in compliance with Subpart I of certificate (EASA Form 15a) referred to in Appendix III to Annex I
Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. (Part-M) can only be issued:
(b).The airworthiness review staff of the approved continuing 1. by airworthiness review staff appropriately authorised in
airworthiness management organisation shall carry out a physical survey accordance with point M.A.707 on behalf of the approved
of the aircraft. For this survey, airworthiness review staff not continuing airworthiness management organisation or by
appropriately qualified to Annex III (Part-66) shall be assisted by such certifying staff in cases provided for in point M.A.901(g); and
qualified personnel. 2. when satisfied that the airworthiness review has been completely
(c). Through the physical survey of the aircraft, the airworthiness carried out and that there is no non- compliance which is known
review staff shall ensure that: to endanger flight safety.
1.all required markings and placards are properly installed; and (f). A copy of any airworthiness review certificate issued or extended
for an aircraft shall be sent to the Member State of Registry of that
2.the aircraft complies with its approved flight manual; and
aircraft within 10 days.
3.the aircraft configuration complies with the approved
(g). Airworthiness review tasks shall not be sub-contracted.
documentation; and
(h). Should the outcome of the airworthiness review be
4.no evident defect can be found that has not been addressed
inconclusive, the competent authority shall be informed as soon as
according to point M.A.403; and
practicable but in any case within 72 hours of the organisation
5.no inconsistencies can be found between the aircraft and the
identifying the condition to which the review relates.
point (a) documented review of records.

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(c). A continuing airworthiness management organization whose
M.A.711 PRIVILEGES OF THE ORGANISATION approval includes the privileges referred to in point M.A.711(b) may
(a).A continuing airworthiness management organization approved in additionally be approved to issue a permit to fly in accordance with
accordance with Section A, Subpart G of this Annex (Part-M) may: point 21. A.711(d) of Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No
1. manage the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, except those 748/2012 for the particular aircraft for which the organization is
involved in commercial air transport, as listed on the approval approved to issue the airworthiness review certificate, when the
certificate; continuing airworthiness management organization is attesting
2. manage the continuing airworthiness of commercial air conformity with approved flight conditions, subject to an adequate
transport aircraft when listed both on its approval certificate approved procedure in the exposition referred to in point M.A.704.
and on its Air Operator Certificate (AOC);

3. arrange to carry out limited continuing airworthiness tasks

M.A.712 QUALITY SYSTEM
with any contracted organization, working under its quality
system, as listed on the approval certificate; (a). To ensure that the approved continuing airworthiness
management organization continues to meet the requirements of
4. extend, under the conditions of point M.A.901(f), an
this Subpart, it shall establish a quality system and designate a
airworthiness review certificate that has been issued by the
quality manager to monitor compliance with, and the adequacy of,
competent authority or by another continuing airworthiness
procedures required to ensure airworthy aircraft. Compliance
management organization approved in accordance with Section
monitoring shall include a feedback system to the accountable
A, Subpart G of this Annex (Part-M);
manager to ensure corrective action as necessary.
(b). An approved continuing airworthiness management
(b). The quality system shall monitor activities carried out under
organization registered in one of the Member States may,
Section A, Subpart G of this Annex (Part M). It shall at least include
additionally, be approved to carry out airworthiness reviews
the following functions:
referred to in point M.A.710 and:
1.monitoring that all activities carried out under Section A,
1.issue the related airworthiness review certificate and extend
Subpart G of this Annex (Part M) are being performed in
it in due time under the conditions of points M.A.901(c)2 or
accordance with the approved procedures, and;
M.A.901(e)2; and,
2.monitoring that all contracted maintenance is carried out in
2.issue a recommendation for the airworthiness review to the
accordance with the contract, and;
competent authority of the Member State of registry.

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3. monitoring the continued compliance with the requirements of 2.the location of the organization.
this Part. 3.additional locations of the organization.
(c).The records of these activities shall be stored for at least two 4.the accountable manager.
years. 5.any of the persons specified in M.A.706(c).
(d).Where the approved continuing airworthiness management
6.the facilities, procedures, work scope and staff that could affect
organization is approved in accordance with another Part, the
the approval.
quality system may be combined with that required by the other
In the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to the
Part.
management beforehand, these changes shall be notified at the earliest
€.In case of commercial air transport the quality system provided for
opportunity.
in Section A, Subpart G of this Annex (Part M) shall be an integrated
part of the operator's quality system. M.A.714 RECORD-KEEPING
(f). In the case of a small organization not managing the continuing
(a).The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall
airworthiness of aircraft used in commercial air transport, the
record all details of work carried out. The records required by
quality system may be replaced by regular organizational reviews
M.A.305 and if applicable M.A.306 shall be retained.
subject to the approval of the competent authority, except when
(b). If the continuing airworthiness management organisation has
the organization issues airworthiness review certificates for aircraft
the privilege referred to in point M.A.711(b), it shall retain a copy of
above 2 730 kg MTOM other than balloons. In the case where there
each airworthiness review certificate and recommendation issued
is no quality system, the organization shall not contract continuing
or, as applicable, extended, together with all supporting documents.
airworthiness management tasks to other parties.
In addition, the organisation shall retain a copy of any airworthiness
review certificate that it has extended under the privilege referred
M.A.713 CHANGES TO THE APPROVED CONTINUING
to in point M. A.711(a)4.
AIRWORTHINESS ORGANISATION
(c). If the continuing airworthiness management organisation has
In order to enable the competent authority to determine continued
the privilege referred to in point M.A.711(c), it shall retain a copy of
compliance with this Part, the approved continuing airworthiness
each permit to fly issued in accordance with the provisions of point
management organization shall notify it of any proposal to carry out any
21A.729 of Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.
of the following changes, before such changes take place:
1. the name of the organization.

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(d).The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall 3. the approval not being surrendered or revoked.
retain a copy of all records referred to in points (b) and (c) until two (b). Upon surrender or revocation, the approval certificate shall be
years after the aircraft has been permanently withdrawn from returned to the competent authority.
service.
(e).The records shall be stored in a manner that ensures protection M.A.716 FINDINGS
from damage, alteration and theft. A level 1 finding is any significant non-compliance with Part-M
(f). All computer hardware used to ensure backup shall be stored in requirements which lowers the safety standard and hazards
a different location from that containing the working data in an seriously the flight safety.
environment that ensures they remain in good condition. A level 2 finding is any non-compliance with the Part-M
(g). Where continuing airworthiness management of an aircraft is requirements which could lower the safety standard and possibly
transferred to another organization or person, all retained records hazard the flight safety.
shall be transferred to the said organization or person. The time After receipt of notification of findings according to point M.B.705,
periods prescribed for the retention of records shall continue to the holder of the continuing airworthiness management
apply to the said organization or person. organization approval shall define a corrective action plan and
(h). Where a continuing airworthiness management organization demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of the competent
terminates its operation, all retained records shall be transferred to authority within a period agreed with this authority.
the owner of the aircraft.

M.A.715 CONTINUED VALIDITY OF APPROVAL

(a).An approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall
remain valid subject to:
1. the organization remaining in compliance with this Part, in
accordance with the provisions related to the handling of
findings as specified under point M.B.705 and;
2. the competent authority being granted access to the
organization to determine continued compliance with this Part,
and;

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SUBPART H- CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE – CRS are available, the owner may authorise any person, with not less
than three years of appropriate maintenance experience and
M.A.801 AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE
holding the proper qualifications, to maintain according to the
a). Except for aircraft released to service by a maintenance standards set out in Subpart D of this Annex and release the aircraft.
organisation approved in accordance with Annex II (Part-145), the The owner shall in that case:
certificate of release to service shall be issued according to this
1.obtain and keep in the aircraft records details of all the work
Subpart;
carried out and of the qualifications held by that person issuing
b). No aircraft can be released to service unless a certificate of the certification; and
release to service is issued at the completion of any maintenance,
2.ensure that any such maintenance is rechecked and released by
when satisfied that all maintenance required has been properly
an appropriately authorised person referred to in point
carried out, by:
M.A.801(b) or an organisation approved in accordance with
1.appropriate certifying staff on behalf of the maintenance Section A, Subpart F of this Annex (Part-M), or with Annex II
organisation approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart F (Part-145) at the earliest opportunity but within a period not
of this Annex (Part M); or exceeding seven days; and
2.certifying staff in compliance with the requirements laid down 3.notify the organisation responsible for the continuing
in Annex III (Part-66), except for complex maintenance tasks airworthiness management of the aircraft when contracted in
listed in Appendix VII to this Annex for which point 1 applies; or accordance with point M.A.201(e), or the competent authority
3. by the Pilot-owner in compliance with point M.A.803; in the absence of such a contract, within seven days of the
c). By derogation from point M.A.801(b)2 for ELA1 aircraft not used issuance of such certification authorisation;
in commercial air transport, aircraft complex maintenance tasks (e). In the case of a release to service in accordance with point
listed in Appendix VII to this Annex may be released by certifying M.A.801(b)2 or point M.A.801(c), the certifying staff may be assisted
staff referred to in point M.A.801(b)2; in the execution of the maintenance tasks by one or more persons
d). By derogation from point M.A.801(b), in the case of unforeseen subject to his/her direct and continuous control;
situations, when an aircraft is grounded at a location where no (f). A certificate of release to service shall contain as a minimum:
approved maintenance organisation appropriately approved under basic details of the maintenance carried out; and
this Annex or Annex II (Part-145) and no appropriate certifying staff the date such maintenance was completed; and

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3. the identity of the organization and/or person issuing the release to or point M.A.502(e) in which case the maintenance is subject to
service, including: aircraft release procedures in accordance with point M.A.801.
i). the approval reference of the maintenance organization approved in
accordance with Section A, Subpart F of this Annex (Part-M) and the M.A.803 PILOT-OWNER AUTHORIZATION
certifying staff issuing such a certificate; or (a). To qualify as a Pilot-owner, the person must:
ii). in the case of point M.A.801(b)2 or M.A.801(c) certificate of release 1.hold a valid pilot license (or equivalent) issued or validated by a
to service, the identity and if applicable licensee number of the certifying
Member State for the aircraft type or class rating; and
staff issuing such a certificate;
2. own the aircraft, either as sole or joint owner; that owner must
be:
4. the limitations to airworthiness or operations, if any.
(i). one of the natural persons on the registration form; or
(g).By derogation from point (b) and notwithstanding the provisions of (ii). a member of a non-profit recreational legal entity, where the
point (h), when the maintenance prescribed cannot be completed, a legal entity is specified on the registration document as owner
certificate of release to service may be issued within the approved or operator, and that member is directly involved in the decision
aircraft limitations. Such fact together with any applicable limitations of making process of the legal entity and designated by that legal
the airworthiness or the operations shall be entered in the aircraft entity to carry out Pilot-owner maintenance.
certificate of release to service before its issue as part of the information (b). For any privately operated non-complex motor-powered aircraft of
required in point (f)4; 2 730 kg MTOM and below, sailplane, powered sailplane or balloon, the
(h). A certificate of release to service shall not be issued in the case of Pilot-owner may issue a certificate of release to service after limited
Pilot-owner maintenance as specified in Appendix VIII to this Annex.
any known non-compliance which endangers flight safety.
(c). The scope of the limited Pilot-owner maintenance shall be specified
M.A.802 COMPONENT CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE in the aircraft maintenance programme referred to in point M.A.302.
a). A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the completion of (d). The certificate of release to service shall be entered in the logbooks
any maintenance carried out on an aircraft component in accordance and contain basic details of the maintenance carried out, the
with point M.A.502. maintenance data used, the date on which that maintenance was
completed and the identity, the signature and pilot licence number of
b). The authorized release certificate identified as EASA Form 1
the Pilot-owner issuing such a certificate.
constitutes the component certificate of release to service, except when
such maintenance on aircraft components has been performed in
accordance with point M.A.502(b), point M.A.502(d)
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SUBPART I- AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW CERTIFICATE 2. for the airworthiness review certificates it has issued, when the
aircraft has remained within a controlled environment, extend
twice the validity of the airworthiness review certificate for a
M.A.901 AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW period of one year each time;
To ensure the validity of the aircraft airworthiness certificate an (d). For all aircraft used in commercial air transport and aircraft
airworthiness review of the aircraft and its continuing airworthiness above 2 730 kg MTOM, except balloons, that (i) are not in a
records shall be carried out periodically. controlled environment, or (ii) which continuing airworthiness is
managed by a continuing airworthiness management organization
(a). An airworthiness review certificate is issued in accordance with
that does not hold the privilege to carry out airworthiness reviews,
Appendix III (EASA Form 15a or 15b) to this Annex on completion of the airworthiness review certificate shall be issued by the
a satisfactory airworthiness review. The airworthiness review competent authority upon satisfactory assessment based on a
certificate is valid one year; recommendation made by a continuing airworthiness management
(b).An aircraft in a controlled environment is an aircraft (i) organization appropriately approved in accordance with Section A,
Subpart G of this Annex (Part-M) sent together with the application
continuously managed during the previous 12 months by a unique
from the owner or operator. This recommendation shall be based
continuing airworthiness management organization approved in on an airworthiness review carried out in accordance with point
accordance with Section A, Subpart G, of this Annex (Part-M), and M.A.710;
(ii)which has been maintained for the previous 12 months by (e) For aircraft not used in commercial air transport of 2 730 kg
maintenance organizations approved in accordance with Section A, MTOM and below, and balloons, any continuing airworthiness
Subpart F of this Annex (Part-M), or with Annex II (Part-145). This management organization approved in accordance with Section A,
includes maintenance tasks referred to in point M.A.803(b) carried Subpart G of this Annex (Part-M) and appointed by the owner or
out and released to service in accordance with point M.A.801(b)2 or operator may, if appropriately approved and subject to point (k):
point M.A.801(b)3; 1. issue the airworthiness review certificate in accordance with
(c). For all aircraft used in commercial air transport, and aircraft point M.A.710, and;
above 2 730 kg MTOM, except balloons, that are in a controlled
2. for airworthiness review certificates it has issued, when the
environment, the organization referred to in (b) managing the
aircraft has remained within a controlled environment under
continuing airworthiness of the aircraft may, if appropriately
approved, and subject to compliance with point (k):
1, issue an airworthiness review certificate in accordance with point
M.A.710, and;
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its management, extend twice the validity of the airworthiness review (i). In addition to point (h), the competent authority may also carry
certificate for a period of one year each time; out the airworthiness review and issue the airworthiness review
(f). By derogation from points M.A.901(c)2 and M.A.901(e)2, for certificate itself in the following cases:
aircraft that are in a controlled environment, the organisation 1. when the aircraft is managed by a continuing airworthiness
referred to in (b) managing the continuing airworthiness of the management organisation approved in accordance with Section
aircraft, subject to compliance with point (k), may extend twice for A, Subpart G of this Annex (Part-M) located in a third country;
a period of one year each time the validity of an airworthiness 2. for all balloons and any other aircraft of 2 730 kg MTOM and
review certificate that has been issued by the competent authority below, if it is requested by the owner;
or by another continuing airworthiness management organisation
(j) When the competent authority carries out the airworthiness
approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart G of this Annex
review and/or issues the airworthiness review certificate itself, the
(Part-M);
owner or operator shall provide the competent authority with:
(g). By derogation from points M.A.901(e) and M.A.901(i)2, for ELA1
1. the documentation required by the competent authority; and
aircraft not used in commercial air transport and not affected by
point M.A.201(i), the airworthiness review certificate may also be 2 suitable accommodation at the appropriate location for its
issued by the competent authority upon satisfactory assessment, personnel; and
based on a recommendation made by certifying staff formally 3 when necessary, the support of personnel appropriately
approved by the competent authority and complying with qualified in accordance with Annex III (Part-66) or equivalent
provisions of Annex III (Part-66) as well as requirements laid down personnel requirements laid down in point 145.A.30(j)(1) and
in point M.A.707(a)2(a), sent together with the application from the (2) of Annex II (Part-145);
owner or operator. This recommendation shall be based on an (k).An airworthiness review certificate cannot be issued nor
airworthiness review carried out in accordance with point M.A.710 extended if there is evidence or reason to believe that the aircraft is
and shall not be issued for more than two consecutive years; not airworthy.
(h). Whenever circumstances reveal the existence of a potential
safety threat, the competent authority shall carry out the
airworthiness review and issue the airworthiness review certificate
itself;

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M.A.902 VALIDITY OF THE AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW

M.A.903 TRANSFER OF AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION WITHIN
CERTIFICATE
THE EU
(a). An airworthiness review certificate becomes invalid if:
(a). When transferring an aircraft registration within the EU, the
1. suspended or revoked; or
applicant shall:
2. the airworthiness certificate is suspended or revoked; or
1. inform the former Member State in which Member State it will
3. the aircraft is not on the aircraft register of a Member State; be registered, then;
or
2. apply to the new Member State for the issuance of a new
4. the type certificate under which the airworthiness certificate airworthiness certificate in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to
was issued is suspended or revoked. Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.
(b). An aircraft must not fly if the airworthiness certificate is invalid or (b). Notwithstanding point M.A.902(a)(3), the former airworthiness
if: review certificate shall remain valid until its expiry date.
1. the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft or any component
fitted to the aircraft does not meet the requirements of this M.A.904 AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW OF AIRCRAFT IMPORTED
Part; or INTO THE EU
2. the aircraft does not remain in conformity with the type (a). When importing an aircraft onto a Member State register from a
design approved by the Agency; or third country, the applicant shall:
3. the aircraft has been operated beyond the limitations of the 1. apply to the Member State of registry for the issuance of a new
approved flight manual or the airworthiness certificate, without airworthiness certificate in accordance with Annex I (Part-21) to
appropriate action being taken; or Regulation (EU) No 748/2012; and
4. the aircraft has been involved in an accident or incident that 2. for aircraft other than new, have a airworthiness review carried
affects the airworthiness of the aircraft, without subsequent out satisfactorily in accordance with point M.A.901; and
appropriate action to restore airworthiness; or 3. have all maintenance carried out to comply with the approved
5. a modification or repair is not in compliance with Annex I maintenance programme in accordance with point M.A.302.
(Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. (b). When satisfied that the aircraft is in compliance with the relevant
(c) . Upon surrender or revocation, the airworthiness review certificate requirements, the continuing airworthiness management organization,
shall be returned to the competent authority if applicable, shall send a documented
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recommendation for the issuance of an airworthiness review APPENDIX II: AUTHORISED RELEASE CERTIFICATE EASA
certificate to the Member State of registry. FORM 1
(c). The owner shall allow access to the aircraft for inspection by “This Topic is discussed in Module 10 Booklet, Sub-module10.3.1,
the Member State of registry. Appendix I“
(d). A new airworthiness certificate will be issued by the Member
State of registry when it is satisfied the aircraft complies with the
prescriptions of Annex I (Part-21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.
€. The Member State shall also issue the airworthiness review
certificate valid normally for one year unless the Member State has
safety reason to limit the validity.

M.A.905 FINDINGS
A level 1 finding is any significant non-compliance with requirements
laid down in this Annex (Part-M) which lowers the safety standard
and hazards seriously the flight safety.
A level 2 finding is any non-compliance with requirements laid down
in this Annex (Part-M) which could lower the safety standard and
possibly hazard the flight safety.
After receipt of notification of findings according to point M.B.903,
the person or organisation accountable referred to in point M.A.201
shall define a corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective
action to the satisfaction of the competent authority within a period
agreed with this authority including appropriate corrective action to
prevent reoccurrence of the finding and its root cause.

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APPENDIX III- AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW CERTIFICATE — APPENDIX IV- CLASS AND RATINGS SYSTEM TO BE USED
EASA FORM 15 FOR THE APPROVAL OF MAINTENANCE ORGANISATIONS
REFERRED TO IN ANNEX I (PART-M) SUBPART F AND
ANNEX II (PART-145)
“This Topic is discussed in Module 10 Booklet, Sub-module10.3.1,
Appendix II“

APPENDIX V- MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION APPROVAL

REFERRED TO IN ANNEX I (PART-M) SUBPART F
“This Topic is discussed in Module 10 Booklet, Sub-module10.3.1,
Appendix III“

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APPENDIX VI- CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION APPROVAL REFERRED TO IN ANNEX I (PART-M) SUBPART G

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(r).a wheel; and
APPENDIX VII: COMPLEX MAINTENANCE TASKS
(s). a ski or ski pedestal, excluding the replacement of a low-friction
The following constitutes the complex maintenance tasks referred to coating.
in M.A.502(d)3, M.A.801(b)2 and M.A.801(c): 2. The modification or repair of any of the following parts:
1. The modification, repair or replacement by riveting, bonding, (a). aircraft skin, or the skin of an aircraft float, if the work requires
laminating, or welding of any of the following airframe parts: the use of a support, jig or fixture;
(a).a box beam; (b). aircraft skin that is subject to pressurization loads, if the damage
(b). a wing stringer or chord member; to the skin measures more than 15 cm (6 inches) in any
(c). a spar; direction;
(d). a spar flange; (c). a load-bearing part of a control system, including a control
(e). a member of a truss-type beam; column, pedal, shaft, quadrant, bell crank, torque tube, control
horn and forged or cast bracket, but excluding
(f).the web of a beam;
i). the swaging of a repair splice or cable fitting, and
(g). a keel or chine member of a flying boat hull or a float;
ii). the replacement of a push-pull tube end fitting that is
(h). a corrugated sheet compression member in a wing or tail
attached by riveting; and
surface;
(d). any other structure, not listed in (1), that a manufacturer has
(i). a wing main rib;
identified as primary structure in its maintenance manual,
(j). a wing or tail surface brace strut;
structural repair manual or instructions for continuing
(k). an engine mount; airworthiness.
(l). a fuselage longeron or frame; 3. The performance of the following maintenance on a piston
(m). a member of a side truss, horizontal truss or bulkhead; engine:
(n). a seat support brace or bracket; (a). dismantling and subsequent reassembling of a piston engine other
(o) a seat rail replacement; than
i). to obtain access to the piston/cylinder assemblies; or
(p).a landing gear strut or brace strut;
(q). an axle;

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APPENDIX VIII: LIMITED PILOT-OWNER MAINTENANCE
ii). to remove the rear accessory cover to inspect and/or replace oil
pump assemblies, where such work does not involve the removal and In addition to the requirements laid down in ANO-M, the following basic
re-fitment of internal gears; principles are to be complied with before any maintenance task is
(b). dismantling and subsequent reassembling of reduction gears; carried out under the terms of Pilot-owner maintenance:
(c).welding and brazing of joints, other than minor weld repairs to (a).Competence and responsibility
exhaust unitscarried out by a suitably approved or authorised welder but 1.The Pilot-owner is always responsible for any maintenance that
excluding component replacement; he performs.
(d). the disturbing of individual parts of units which are supplied as 2.Before carrying out any Pilot-owner maintenance tasks, the Pilot-
bench tested units, except for the replacement or adjustment of items owner must satisfy himself that he is competent to do the task.
normally replaceable or adjustable in service. It is the responsibility of Pilot-owners to familiarize themselves
with the standard maintenance practices for their aircraft and
4.The balancing of a propeller, except: with the aircraft maintenance programme. If the Pilot-owner is
(a).for the certification of static balancing where required by the not competent for the task to be carried out, the task cannot be
maintenance manual; released by the Pilot-owner.
(b).dynamic balancing on installed propellers using electronic balancing 3.The Pilot-owner (or his contracted continuing airworthiness
equipment where permitted by the maintenance manual or other management organisation referred to in Subpart G, Section A of
approved airworthiness data; ANO-M is responsible for identifying the Pilot-owner tasks
according to these basic principles in the maintenance
5.Any additional task that requires: programme and for ensuring that the document is updated in a
timely manner.
(a).specialized tooling, equipment or facilities; or
4.The approval of the maintenance programme has to be carried
(b).significant coordination procedures because of the extensive
out in accordance with point M.A.302.
duration of the tasks and the involvement of several persons.
(b). Tasks
The Pilot-owner may carry out simple visual inspections or
operations to check for general condition and obvious damage and

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The criteria 1 to 8 listed above cannot be overridden by less
normal operation of the airframe, engines, systems and restrictive instructions issued in accordance with "M.A.302(d)
components. Maintenance Programme".
Maintenance tasks shall not be carried out by the Pilot-owner Any task described in the aircraft flight manual as preparing the
when the task: aircraft for flight (Example: assembling the glider wings or pre-
1. is critically safety related, whose incorrect performance will flight), is considered to be a pilot task and is not considered a Pilot-
drastically affect the airworthiness of the aircraft or is a flight owner maintenance task and therefore does not require a
safety sensitive maintenance task as specified in point Certificate of Release to Service.
M.A.402(a) and/or; (c). Performance of the maintenance Pilot-owner tasks and records
2. requires the removal of major components or major The maintenance data as specified in point M.A.401 must be always
assembly and/or; available during the conduct of Pilot-owner maintenance and must
3. is carried out in compliance with an Airworthiness Directive be complied with. Details of the data referred to in the conduct of
or an Airworthiness Limitation Item, unless specifically allowed Pilot-owner maintenance must be included in the Certificate of
in the AD or the ALI and/or; Release to Service in accordance with point M.A.803(d).
4. requires the use of special tools, calibrated tools (except The Pilot-owner must inform the approved continuing airworthiness
torque wrench and crimping tool) and/or; management organisation responsible for the continuing
5. requires the use of test equipments or special testing (e.g. airworthiness of the aircraft (if applicable) not later than 30 days
NDT, system tests or operational checks for avionic equipment) after completion of the Pilot-owner maintenance task in accordance
and/or; with point M.A.305(a).

6. is composed of any unscheduled special inspections (e.g.

heavy landing check) and/or;
7. is effecting systems essential for the IFR operations and/or;
8. is listed in Appendix VII or is a component maintenance task
in accordance with point M.A.502.

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MODULE 10 – AVIATION LEGISLATION

SUB MODULE 10.7

APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

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MAINTENANCE CHECKS INCLUDE:
10.7 APPLICABLE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL Line Checks (includes Transit, Daily & Weekly Check)
Routine Checks (includes Check ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’)
REQUIREMENTS
Major Checks (includes Check MID – D, ‘D’)
10.7.1 MAINTENANCE PROGRAMMES, MAINTENANCE CHECKS
AND INSPECTIONS TRANSIT CHECK
Transit check of the airplane is carried out between flights at the
Aircraft maintenance checks are periodic inspections that have to be
airport ramp. This includes a walk-around inspection of the
done on all commercial/civil aircraft after a certain amount of time or
airplane for obvious damage, required servicing, correction of
usage. Commercial operators of large or turbine-powered aircraft follow
discrepancies, and operational tasks specified for the airplane.
a continuous inspection program approved by the Airworthiness
Visual pre-flight walk-around of the airplane, and the flight crew
Authorities. Each operator prepares a Continuous Airworthiness
completes a pre-flight checklist from the flight deck. Together,
Maintenance Program (CAMP) under its Operations Specifications. The
these precautions should help ensure the airworthiness of the
CAMP includes both routine and detailed inspections.
airplane.

Airlines and airworthiness authorities casually refer to the detailed

DAILY CHECK
inspections as "checks", commonly one of the following: A check, B
This is the lowest scheduled check, also called post-flight check,
check, C check, or D check. A and B checks are lighter checks, while C and
maintenance pre-flight check, service check, and overnight
D are considered heavier checks. Aircraft operators may perform some
check. It is an inspection of an aircraft for obvious damage and
work at their own facilities but often checks, and especially the heavier
deterioration of its general condition and security. It also
checks, take place at maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) company
reviews the aircraft log for discrepancies and corrective action.
sites. These Checks requirement (i.e. due FHrs or years) vary from
Daily checks require specific equipment and tools to ensure an
manufacturer to manufacturer or aircraft type.
airplane remains airworthy. Usually daily checks are performed
every 24 or 48 hours of accumulated flight time. Some of the
daily check items include
i).Tail skid shock strut pop-up indicator
ii).Fluid levels
iii).General security and cleanliness of the flight deck
iv). Emergency equipment
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WEEKLY CHECK successive A checks, i.e.: Checks A-1 through A-10 complete all
Weekly Check of the airplane is carried out at every 7 to 8 Days. Some the B check items.
of the weekly check items include; “C” CHECK
a). Filling or change of oils and fluids, such as hydraulic This is performed approximately every 20–24 months
fluid, starter oil, engine oil and generator drive fluids. or a specific amount of actual flight hours (FH) or as defined by
the manufacturer. This maintenance check is much more
b). Inspection of aircraft general visual condition of
extensive than a B check, requiring a large majority of the
airframe systems, landing gear, and the power plant.
aircraft's components to be inspected. This check puts the
c). All external and internal lights are checked
aircraft out of service, and the aircraft must not leave the
d). If required, tires are changed and fluids replenished in maintenance site until it is completed. It also requires more
hydraulic and engine oil systems. space than A and B checks. It is, therefore, usually carried out in
“A” CHECK” a hangar at a maintenance base. The time needed to complete
such a check is at least 1–2 weeks and the effort involved can
This is performed approximately every 500-800 flight hours or
require up to 6,000 man-hours.
200–400 cycles (takeoff and landing is considered an aircraft "cycle"),
“D” CHECK
depending on aircraft type. It needs about 20-50 man-hours and is
usually on the ground in a hangar for a minimum of 10 hours. The actual The D check, sometimes known as a "heavy
occurrence of this check varies by aircraft type, the cycle count, or the maintenance visit" (HMV) is by far the most comprehensive and
number of hours flown since the last check. The occurrence can be demanding check for an airplane. This check occurs
delayed by the airline if certain predetermined conditions are met. approximately every 5-10 years. It is a check that more or less
“B’ CHECK takes the entire airplane apart for inspection and overhaul. Also,
if required, the paint may need to be completely removed for
This is performed approximately every 4-6 months. It needs
further inspection on the fuselage metal skin. Such a check can
about 150-180 man-hours, depending on the aircraft, and is usually
generally take up to 50,000 man-hours and it can generally take
completed within 1–3 days at an airport hangar. A similar occurrence
up to 2 months to complete, depending on the aircraft and the
schedule applies to the B check as to the A check. However, B checks are
number of technicians involved. It also requires the most space
increasingly incorporated into
of all maintenance checks, and as such must be performed at a
suitable maintenance base. Given the elevated requirements of

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this check and the tremendous effort involved in this maintenance check
make it by far the most expensive, with total costs for a single D check
in the million-dollar range.
Because of the nature and the cost of such a check, most airlines
(especially those with a large fleet) have to plan D checks for their
aircraft years in advance. Often, older aircraft being phased out of a
particular airline's fleet are either stored or scrapped upon reaching
their next D check, due to the high costs involved in comparison to the
aircraft's value. On average, a commercial aircraft undergoes 2-3 D
Checks before it is retired.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAINTENANCE PROGRAM AND
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
Maintenance Schedules
A Maintenance Schedule contains details of what is to be maintained on
an aircraft and how often. The details are those published by the
Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) who may also be the Type
Certificate Holder (TCH) of that product. As the aircraft consists of an
airframe, engine, propeller and other equipment, there will be several
sources of basic information. Not only will there be details of 'What and
When' but also 'How' the parts are to be maintained; there are also
details on the types of task that are to be performed.
Maintenance Program
In its simplest form, a Maintenance Programme is Maintenance
Schedule together with a host of procedures (Job Cards) that are
designed to continually review its applicability and effectiveness for the
aircraft it is approved for.

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Those of an emergency nature requiring immediate
viii). ADs may be divided into two categories: compliance prior to further flight, and

10.7.2 AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES Those of a less urgent nature requiring compliance within a
specified period of time.
Relevant AWNOT-015-AWAA (Airworthiness Directives and ix). Generally the Airworthiness Directive is made up of
several
Mandatory Service Bulletins)
parts:
A GENERAL ❖ AD title
i). The Airworthiness Directive (commonly abbreviated as AD) is ❖ Applicability
the medium for correction or any condition that causes the ❖ Required compliance action
product to be out of conformity to the Approved Design ❖ Effective dates
Standards. ❖ Compliance time
ii). An AD identifies disparity, defines its particulars, and B APPLICABILITY OF ADs
establishes limitations for inspection, repair or alteration i). An AD contains an applicability statement specifying the
under which the product may continue to be operated.
product to which it applies.
iii). They are issued by the National Aviation Authority from either
ii). It applies to the make and model set forth in this statement,
the manufacturer’s or the airline’s country.
regardless of the classification of the product or category of
iv). Airworthiness Directives effectively alter the original
the Airworthiness Certificate issued for an aircraft.
certification of the product.
iii). It applies to each product identified in the statement,
v). Thus, for example an AD against a Type Certificated product
regardless of whether it has been modified, altered, or
becomes a part of the Type Certificate.
repaired in the subject areas.
vi). The Airworthiness Directives may also be raised due to iv). The presence of any alteration or repair does not remove
the
change in aviation legislations e.g. mandating of TCAS and
product from applicability.
EGPWS.
v). Type Certificate and Airworthiness Certification information
vii). They are distributed:
is used to identify the product affected.
Telegraphically to owners and operators vi). Applicability may be defined by specifying serial numbers or
Foreign Airworthiness Authorities

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manufacturer's line numbers, part numbers, or other identification. service after the effective date of this AD..."
vii). When there is no reference to serial numbers, all serial numbers 'Within the next 10 landings after the effective date of this AD... "
are affected. 'Within 50 cycles...” to which cycle refers to the complete aircraft /
EFFECTIVE DATES components operating cycles.
The effective date of the AD or an amendment is be found in the last "Within 12 months after the effective date of this AD..."
sentence of the body of each AD. No person may operate an affected product after expiration of the
For example, "This amendment becomes effective on July 10, 1995." stated compliance time. In some instances, an AD may authorize
Similarly, the revision date for an emergency AD distributed by operation after the compliance date has passed, if a special flight
telegram or priority mail is the date it was issued. permit is obtained. These are granted only when the AD specifically
For example, "Priority Letter AD 95-11-09, issued May 25, 1995, permits it.
becomes effective upon receipt."
WHAT IS A SUPERSEDED AD?
The "clock" tracking compliance starts with the effective date.
An AD is considered no longer in effect when it is superseded by a new
COMPLIANCE TIME AD. The superseding AD identifies the AD that is no longer in effect.
Compliance with an AD is mandatory. There are no compliance requirements for an AD that has been
No person may operate' a product to which an AD applies, except in superseded.
accordance with the conditions of the AD. WHAT IS ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF COMPLIANCE TO
An airplane that has not had an effective AD accomplished within AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES (AMOC TO ADS)?
specified limits is out of conformity and is thus not airworthy. An Alternative Method of Compliance (AMOC) is an EASA/FAA approved
This is consistent with the definition of airworthiness discussed before. deviation to an AD. It is a different way, other than the one specified in
Compliance time is stated in various ways. Typical compliance an AD, to address an unsafe condition on products, parts and
statements include; "Prior to further flight, inspect..." appliances. An AMOC must provide an acceptable level of safety,
"Compliance is required within the next 50 hours time in equivalent to the level of safety intended for compliance with the
original AD. After EASA/FAA approval, be used to correct an unsafe
condition on an aircraft or aircraft product.

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WHAT IS SPECIAL AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION BULLETINS (SAIB)

/ SAFETY INFORMATION BULLETINS (SIB)?
Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin (SAIB) terminology is used by
FAA and Safety Information Bulletins (SIB) formerly named Safety
Information Notices is used by EASA.
These are an information tool that alerts, educates, and makes
recommendations to the aviation community. SAIBs/SIBs contain non-
regulatory information and guidance that does not meet the criteria for
an Airworthiness Directive (AD) and these are for information only; they
do not contain mandatory instructions.

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a service bulletin, manufacturers started to categorize them as

optional, recommended, alert, mandatory, informational, etc.
Although a service bulletin may be categorized as mandatory
10.7.3 SERVICE BULLETINS, MANUFACTURERS SERVICE
by the manufacturer, it is crucial to know that compliance with
INFORMATION service bulletins isn’t necessarily required unless the service
SERVICE BULLETINS bulletin includes or is accompanied by an airworthiness
directive.
One way manufacturers communicate with aircraft owners and
operators is through service bulletins and service notes. As per PCAA AWNOT-015-AWAA
Service bulletins are issued to inform aircraft owners and technicians of “Individual notification shall be issued by the Airworthiness
possible design defects, modifications, servicing changes, or other Directorate against any mandatory Service Bulletin or similar
information that may be useful in maintaining an aircraft or instruction issued by Type Certificate holder. Similar notification
component. will be issued, if Airworthiness Directorate consider that
modification to an aircraft, engine, propeller or equipment
On occasion, service bulletins are made mandatory and are
installed is required”
incorporated into airworthiness directives to correct an unsafe
condition. Alert service bulletins are issued by the manufacturer when a
Service Bulletin are issued by manufacturers to specify a change or a condition exists that the manufacturer feels is a safety related
modification to their product item as opposed to just a product improvement. These SB's
usually result in the FAA/EASA issuing an AD. The AD will
Manufacturer's Service Bulletins are normally not related to
reference the alert service bulletin as a method of compliance
airworthiness.
with the airworthiness directive.
Incorporation of them is, therefore, not mandatory.
If a service bulletin is not an alert service bulletin or a bulletin
However, when a manufacturer’s Service Bulletin is incorporated, by referenced in an AD, it becomes optional and may or may not
reference, into the Airworthiness Directive accomplishment be incorporated by the operator depending upon the
instructions the bulletin becomes mandatory. operator’s local regulatory requirements.

Having realized that there were distinct levels of seriousness to

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TYPES OF SERVICE BULLETINS

ALERT SB
Alert Service Bulletins shall be issued on all matters requiring
the urgent attention of the operator and shall be limited
generally to items affecting safety. Matters of extreme
urgency with compliance recommendations shall be
transmitted by suitable media, such as telegraph, cable, and
facsimile or in some cases, by telephone. These shall be
identifies as Alert Service Bulletins and shall contain a
Service Bulletin Number.
A complete Alert Service Bulletin shall be prepared and
distributed promptly to confirm and elaborate upon such
messages.
STANDARD SB
Standard Service Bulletins shall be issued where the use of
Alert Service Bulletins is not required.
ENGINE CONVERSION SB
Conversion Service Bulletins will be issued to provide
operators with information necessary to convert engine
models from one designation level to another.

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MANUFACTURERS SERVICE INFORMATION

Manufacturer’s Service Information comes in the form of Service
Letters (Boeing) and Service Information Letters (Airbus).
They are used to provide
❖ information related to in-service issues
❖ Notification of upcoming changes to production of
aircraft, including the availability of a service bulletin or a
supplier service bulletin for fleet retrofit/modification
❖ Trouble shooting suggestions
❖ Information related to new or preferred spares
options ❖ Information on General issues and policies
Manufacturers Service Information do not in themselves authorize
installation of parts or provide detailed procedures for
modification, rework, repair or inspection of an aeroplane
They serve as an information source & reference the appropriate
approved change items such as service bulletin or Engineering
drawing

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Training Organization

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Repair shall then be carried out after review of Repair Order of

10.7.4 MODIFICATIONS AND REPAIRS customer.
Modification is an alteration to an aircraft, its component units, Defects found shall be recorded on appropriate Technical Logbook
introduced subsequent to receipt and acceptance by the operator and / Aircraft Repair Order (ARO) / Work card / Worksheet by Aircraft
designed to increase safety, improved performance, meet changes in Engineer (production) concerned.
operating requirements and/or assure positive and substantial
Area involved shall be inspected thoroughly for hidden damage,
economic savings e.g 8.33 kHz VHF communication modification
including areas adjacent to obviously damaged parts.
Sources of modifications are Type Certificate holders recommending
Structure Repair & Modification group / Aircraft Engineer
modifications through Service Bulletins (SB), Service Letters (SL), Air
(production) concerned shall perform assessment of structural
Operators Telexes (AOT) and a modification initiated by the
damage / defect mentioned in the ARO / Work card /Worksheet in
Organisation in form of Engineering Order (EO), etc
accordance with relevant maintenance data.
Repair and maintenance on aircraft / aircraft components shall be
Aircraft Engineer (production) concerned is responsible for
performed in accordance with aircraft and component maintenance
definition of repair solution.
data provided by the manufacturer and organisational procedures.
Repair solution is either:
Maintenance data shall be available in workshops and maintenance
Case I: Replacement of damaged parts in accordance with
areas accessible to concerned personnel.
relevant maintenance data
Once defect has been logged, appropriate facilities, tools, equipment Case II: Repair solution already given in relevant maintenance
and maintenance data are then defined and prepared to perform work data, hence approved
in conformity with approved repair data. Case III: Repair solution does not exist in the relevant
maintenance data for cases ‘I & II’, repair solution defined
All repairs shall be carried out keeping in view of the approved scope of
work. by AMM / SRM / CMM shall be implemented as any other
maintenance task.
For customer aircraft, when defect / damage is detected during
maintenance, customer / operator shall be informed through defect
report.

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If Repair solution does not exist in relevant Maintenance Data ,

Pertinent information and drawings of damaged area shall be
sent to the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) alongwith
proposed repair solution (if any) and to the Competent
Authority of aircraft registration. Manufacturer (or
organization appropriately approved to classify the repair) and
the Competent Authority of aircraft registration, shall classify
repair as ‘Major’ or ‘Minor’.
For minor repair, solution shall be implemented after
endorsement of manufacturer and approval of the Competent
Authority of aircraft registration.

For the repair solution classified as ‘Major’, solution shall be

implemented only after obtaining repair design data from the
Type Certificate holder / Part – 21 Approved Organization,
approval from the Competent Authority of Type Certificate
holder and the Competent Authority of aircraft registration.

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TYPICAL SET OF AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTS

10.7.5 MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTATION
The documents produced by the aircraft manufacturer would
GENERAL cover all aspects of the maintenance and repair of the aircraft
In order to carry out maintenance and repair of aircraft, a number of as well as a comprehensive parts catalogue and documents
different documents are required. As well as the aircraft manuals, detailing the minimum equipment required to operate the
there are a number of documents detailing when certain tasks must be aircraft. A typical set of documents would include some or all
carried out, there are documents released by the aircraft of the following.
manufacturers to advise on changes to aircraft or procedures and there AMM Aircraft Maintenance Manual.
are documents produced by the national airworthiness authorities.
SRM Structural Repair Manual.
AIRCRAFT TECHNICAL MANUALS
IPCIl lustrated Parts Catalogue.
These publications are produced by the aircraft manufacturer or design WDM Wiring Diagram Manual.
organisation and must be approved by the national authority. This is done at
ASM Aircraft Schematics Manual.
the time of initial certification of the aircraft when copies of the manuals are
TSM Trouble Shooting Manual.
sent to the CAA for their inspection. The aircraft manuals may be in microfilm,
microfiche, CD or paper format but in each case the breakdown of and usage MPD Maintenance Planning Document.
of the manuals is the same. As the documents are revised, the revisions will be CMM Component Maintenance Manual.
annotated on the documents so as to be easily checked out by the user against MEL Minimum Equipment List.
a current list of revisions. The revisions and the list must be provided by the
All of the above documents will be laid out in a system of
manufacturer or design authority to all operators of the particular aircraft.
chapters and page blocks in accordance with a convention laid
Sometimes the list is published online on the internet and thus can be kept
down by the Air Transport Association of America.
absolutely up to date. If there is a discrepancy between the revision status of
two documents then the latest revision status must be used but thi s situation
should be rare as the latest revision status should be always available.

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AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA approach for aircraft system numbering, as well as formatting
The Air Transport Association of America (ATA) was formed in 1936 in and data content standards for documentation output.
Chicago by a group of fourteen airlines and has played a major role in These chapters run from 1 to 92 and the chapters always
the US government decisions regarding aviation matters including the contain the same information for, example chapter 27 will
creation of the Civil Aeronautics Board and the creation of the air cover flying controls in the various manuals for all aircraft
traffic control system. The purpose of the ATA is to promote knowledge types.
of the a ir transport industry and to attempt to increase efficiency and Each chapter is further sub divided into systems and sub-
cost effectiveness and safety within the industry. systems to help to further identify a particular area or
component. Chapter 27, for example, could be further sub
ATA 100 ‘MANUFACTURERS TECHNICAL DATA’ / ATA iSPEC 2200 divided to give a reference in the format 27--23--00. This
‘INFORMATION STANDARDS FOR AVIATION MAINTENANCE’. indicates chapter 27, section 23, sub section 00 and can be
Specification ATA 100 is the industry’s recommended format for the used as a reference to direct someone clearly to a particular
layout of aircraft technical manuals. The system has been adopted by procedure or can be used as a reference on a workcard entry.
all major aircraft manufacturers and others in the industry and is
familiar to all aircraft engineers the world over.
The maintenance documents for almost all aircraft and aircraft
components are divided into the so called ’ATA chapters’ in accordance
with ATA 100.
The standard numbering system was published by the Air Transport
Association on June 1, 1956. While the ATA 100 numbering system
has been superseded, in 2000 the ATA Technical Information and
Communications Committee (TICC) developed a new consolidated
specification for the commercial aviation industry, ATA iSpec 2200. It
includes an industry-wide

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ATA 22 AUTO FLIGHT
E LIST OF ATA CHAPTERS
ATA 23 COMMUNICATIONS
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
ATA 24 ELECTRICAL POWER
ATA NO. ATA CHAPTER NAME
ATA 25 EQUIPMENT
ATA 00 GENERAL
ATA 26 FIRE PROTECTION
ATA 01 MAINTENANCE POLICY
ATA 27 FLIGHT CONTROLS
ATA 02 OPERATIONS
ATA 28 FUEL
ATA 03 SUPPORT
ATA 29 HYDRAULIC POWER
ATA 04 AIRLINE USE
ATA 30 ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION
ATA 05 TIME LIMITS/MAINTENANCE CHECKS
ATA 31 INDICATING / RECORDING SYSTEM
ATA 06 DIMENSIONS AND AREAS
ATA 32 LANDING GEAR
ATA 07 LIFTING, SHORING AND JACKING
ATA 33 LIGHTS
ATA 08 LEVELING AND WEIGHING.
ATA 34 NAVIGATION
ATA 09 TOWING AND TAXI
ATA 35 OXYGEN
PARKING, MOORING, STORAGE AND RETURN TO
ATA 10 ATA 36 PNEUMATIC
SERVICE
ATA 11 PLACARDS AND MARKINGS ATA 37 VACUUM

ATA 12 SERVICING - ROUTINE MAINTENANCE ATA 38 WATER / WASTE

ELECTRICAL - ELECTRONIC PANELS AND MULTIPURPOSE
ATA 14 HARDWARE AND GENERAL TOOLS ATA 39
COMPONENTS
ATA 18 VIBRATION AND NOISE ANALYSIS (HELICOPTER ONLY)
ATA 40 MULTISYSTEM
AIRFRAME SYSTEMS
ATA NO. ATA CHAPTER NAME ATA 41 WATER BALLAST
ATA 20 STANDARD PRACTICES - AIRFRAME ATA 42 INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS
ATA 21 AIR CONDITIONING & PRESSURIZATION ATA 44 CABIN SYSTEMS

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ATA 45 DIAGNOSTIC AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM ATA 66 FOLDING BLADES/PYLON

ATA 46 INFORMATION SYSTEMS ATA 67 ROTORS FLIGHT CONTROL
ATA 47 NITROGEN GENERATION SYSTEM POWER PLANT
ATA 48 IN FLIGHT FUEL DISPENSING ATA NO. ATA Chapter name
ATA 49 AIRBORNE AUXILIARY POWER ATA 70 STANDARD PRACTICES-ENGINE
ATA 50 CARGO AND ACCESSORY COMPARTMENTS ATA 71 POWER PLANT
STRUCTURE ATA 72 TURBINE / TURBOPROP ENGINES
ATA NO. ATA Chapter name ATA 73 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL
ATA 51 STANDARD PRACTICES AND STRUCTURES - GENERAL ATA 74 ENGINE IGNITION
ATA 52 DOORS ATA 75 ENGINE AIR
ATA 53 FUSELAGE ATA 76 ENGINE CONTROL
ATA 54 NACELLES/PYLONS ATA 77 ENGINE INDICATING
ATA 55 STABILIZERS ATA 78 ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEM
ATA 56 WINDOWS ATA 79 ENGINE OIL
ATA 57 WINGS ATA 80 ENGINE STARTING
PROPELLER/ROTOR ATA 81 TURBOCHARGING
ATA NO. ATA Chapter name
ATA 82 WATER INJECTION
ATA 60 STANDARD PRACTICES - PROP./ROTOR
ATA 83 ACCESSORY GEARBOXES
ATA 61 PROPELLORS/ PROPULSORS
ATA 84 PROPULSION AUGMENTATION
ATA 62 MAIN ROTOR(S)
ATA 85 FUEL CELL SYSTEMS
ATA 63 MAIN ROTOR DRIVE(S)
ATA 91 CHARTS
ATA 64 TAIL ROTOR
ATA 92 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM INSTALLATION
ATA 65 TAIL ROTOR DRIVE

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OVERVIEW OF MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTS
MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS
Maintenance Planning Document (MPD)
Maintenance Schedule (MS)
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
❖ Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM)
❖ Illustrated Parts Catalogue (IPC)
❖ Wiring Diagram Only (WDM)
❖ Aircraft Schematics Manual (ASM)
❖ Component Maintenance Manual (CMM)
❖ Structural Repair Manual (SRM)
❖ Flight Test Manual (FTM)
❖ Trouble Shooting Manual (TSM)
❖ Fault Isolation Manual (FIM)
❖ Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
❖ Configuration Deviation List (CDL)
DESIGN ORGANISATION RECOMMENDATIONS
❖ Service Bulletins (SB)
❖ Service Letters (SL)
❖ Service Information Letters (SIL)
AIRWORTHINESS AUTHORITY REQUIREMENTS
❖ Airworthiness Directives (AD)

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1 MAINTENANCE MANUAL Topic or Subtopic Page Block

A. GENERAL Description and Operation 001 to 099
The Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) contains the information Trouble Shooting 101 to 199
necessary to allow the mechanic to carry out correct scheduled Maintenance Practices 201 to 299
maintenance and rectification on the aircraft and it’s systems including Servicing 301 to 399
the engines and, if applicable, the propellers. Removal / Installation 401 to 499
The AMM is produced by the aircraft design authority and is applicable Adjustment / Test 501 to 599
to one aircraft type only. The manuals may then be customised for a
Inspection / Check 601 to 699
particular operator’s aircraft. The manual will indicate which aircraft
operator it is applicable to and it will list the effectivity on each page. Cleaning / Painting 701 to 799

The effectivity will allow the user to ensure whether a particular Approved Repairs 801 to 899
procedure is applicable to a particular aircraft. If the wrong effectivity Despatch Deviation Guide 901 to 999
or the wrong manual is used then the work may be illegal and the B. MANUAL STRUCTURE
aircraft should not be released back to service until the correct
Preliminary Pages at the Beginning of the AMM.
procedure has been carried out.
The manual will contain a set of preliminary pages at the very start
The manuals are configured in accordance with ATA100 and in each
of the book containing the following information.
chapter there is a description of the particular system to allow the
reader to gain an understanding of the operation of that system. In List of Chapters. This is a contents list showing all of the ATA
each sub-section there will be information relating to the servicing, chapters contained in the manual in numerical order.
repair, replacement, adjustment, inspection and test of a particular Record of Revisions. This is the record of the AMM revision
component or system. Each topic or sub-topic is divided into page numbers showing the revision numbers and dates of issue.
blocks and they follow an ATA 100 system as shown below. List of Temporary Revisions. This list details all of the temporary
revisions which should be removed from the manual and which
should remain effective.

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Service Bulletin List. The SB list details all of the Service

Bulletins and Customer Originated Changes (COCs) which
are applicable to at least one aircraft of the fleet.
Deactivation / Reactivation Index. The Deactivation /
Reactivation Index shows in numerical sequence all of the
MMEL and CDL items which require a maintenance action
with the corresponding AMM task number.
Preliminary Pages at the Beginning of each AMM Chapter.
Highlights. The highlights provide the reason for revision
issues and list the temporary revisions which are fully
incorporated into the chapter at this revision.
List of Effective Pages (LEP). The LEP lists all effective pages
in the chapter at a given revision issue. The list consists of a
table showing each page number in the whole chapter and
the effective date for each page so it can be cross checked
that the pages in the actual manual are of the latest
revision standard and contain the most up-to-date
information. New pages are indicated by ’N’, revised pages
by ’R’ and deleted pages by ’D’.
Table of Contents (TOC). Each chapter in the AMM begins
with the table of contents which lists every section of the
chapter and the subject material contained in the sections.
Here would be listed all of the various page blocks relevant
to every procedure in the chapter. Table of contents should
be the starting point for anyone searching for a particular
procedure or system explanation.

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 2 STRUCTURAL REPAIR MANUAL
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A. GENERAL
The Structural Repair Manual (SRM) contains all the information
necessary to carry out identification and repair of damage to the
aircraft’s structure. The information contained will allow the
tradesman to assess the damage to the aircraft, identify the allowable
limits for damage at that particular point, and to carry out the
appropriate repair if necessary.

The SRM contains information for all aircraft of the particular type and
is not customised to a particular operator.

B. SRM ORGANISATION
The SRM is divided into chapters in line with ATA 100.
Chapter 51 Structures -- General
Chapter 52 Doors
Chapter 53 Fuselage
Chapter 54 Nacelles / Pylons
Chapter 55 Stabilizers
Chapter 56 Windows
Chapter 57 Wings

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ILLUSTRATED PARTS CATALOGUE
A. GENERAL
The Illustrated Parts Catalogue (IPC) is produced by the aircraft
manufacturer and is designed to allow the aircraft mechanic to identify
replaceable components on the aircraft.
It consists of exploded drawings showing every area of the aircraft and
associated pages listing the illustrated parts and giving the part
numbers of parts, sub-assemblies and assemblies. Every component on
the aircraft which can be replaced should be listed in the IPC, although
in some cases not all of the components will be illustrated.
The IPC is a companion to the AMM, has the same structure as the
AMM and is divided into ATA chapters.
As with the AMM, the IPC may be customised to the particular aircraft
operator but the drawings in the IPC will show all components whether
they are applicable to this operator or not. For this reason it is
important to check the effectivity of the aircraft against the drawing
before ordering spares.

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 4
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WIRING DIAGRAM MANUAL
A. GENERAL
The wiring diagram manual (WDM) covers the documentation of all
aspects of the wiring on the aircraft, engine and components. The
purpose of the manual is to permit a full understanding of electrical
and electronic systems, operation, troubleshooting and maintenance.
The wiring diagram manual is sub divided into three parts.
Aircraft Schematic Manual (ASM)
Aircraft Wiring Manual (AWM)
Aircraft Wiring List (AWL)
B. CUSTOMISATION AND EFFECTIVITY
The WDM only contains information applicable to an operator or group
of operators and will only carry information applicable to these
particular aircraft. The manual will be annotated with the customer code
and the revision date and each page will be annotated with it’s own
effectivity. The effectivity must be checked before the work is carried
out to ensure that the correct drawings are used.

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TROUBLE SHOOTING MANUAL

A. GENERAL

The purpose of the Trouble Shooting Manual (TSM) is to allow the

systematic identification, isolation and rectification of aircraft faults. The
book details the most likely faults on the aircraft and gives the procedure
to isolate and rectify the fault. Normally this is in the form of a flow chart
which follows a logical progression through isolation of the fault with
references made to the relevant AMM chapters and sub-sections as
necessary. The TSM is the title given to this book by Airbus and Fault
Identification Manual (FIM) is the Boeing name.

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Maintenance Training Organization Part/ ANO -147 This information in the CMM is similar to the information in the
COMPONENT MAINTENANCE MANUAL AMM introductory pages and can be followed and cross checked
in the same way.
A. GENERAL
Technical Content
The Component Maintenance Manual (CMM) contains the information
Later on, in the main body of the manual, the CMM contains a
required for the maintenance, repair and overhaul of aircraft
’Necessary Information’ section containing all of the technical
components. The manual is intended for use in a workshop environment
information that should be required by the overhaul technician
by overhaul technicians rather than by aircraft mechanics but the
to carry out the necessary work in the workshop after the
information is useful to the aircraft mechanic because it provides
component has been removed from the aircraft. The section
detailed information on the assembly and operation of the particular
contains the following;
component.
Description and Operation
B. MANUAL ORGANISATION
Testing and Fault Isolation/Automated Test Requirements
The manual will contain sufficient information to return the component
Disassembly
to a serviceable condition. Also included are the test and inspection
techniques to verify the condition of the component. Cleaning
CMM Introductory Material Check
Title Page Repair

Record of Revisions Assembly

Record of Temporary Revisions Fits and Clearances
List of Effective Pages Special Tools
Service Bulletin List Fixtures and Equipment
List of Materials Illustrated Parts List (IPL)
Table of Contents The presence of all of these sections means that there should
Introduction be no need for further manuals in order to complete the work.

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MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST

10.7.6 MASTER MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LISTS, MINIMUM
GENRAL
EQUIPMENT LIST, DISPATCH DEVIATION LISTS
The provision to fly an aircraft even if few of its components are
MASTER MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LISTS unserviceable
Experiences have shown that with various levels of redundancy
designed into that aircraft, proper operation of every system or MEL is prepared by the operator and is based on the MMEL of
installed component may not be necessary when the remaining respective aircraft
serviceable system or serviceable components can provide an
MEL is more restrictive than MMEL.
acceptable level of safety
In PIA, MEL is prepared by Operations Engineering of Flight
MMEL is developed by the regulatory body of the country of Operations Department and is approved by Chief Flight Inspector,
manufacturer/design of the subject aircraft, with participation of Flight Standard Directorate, PCAA.
aviation industry expert personals to improve aircraft utilization and
thereby provide more convenient but still safe and economic air For approval, the prepared MEL and MMEL is submitted. The
transportation individual operator’s MEL when approved and authorized, permits
operation of subject aircraft type with inoperative equipment
MMEL contains those items which the regulatory body of the covered under MEL
manufacturer’s country finds may be inoperative and yet maintain an
acceptable level of safety under appropriate conditions and limitations MEL must not deviate from Airplane Flight Manual limitations,
emergency procedures or with Airworthiness Directives. All items
MMEL does not contain obviously required items such as wings, flaps related to airworthiness and not listed in MMEL must be operative
and rudder
MEL is prepared with the objective i.e to permit operation with
NMEL establishes limitations on the duration of and conditions for inoperative items for a limited period of time until repairs can be
operation with in operative equipment accomplished
MEL is also called ADL i.e Allowable Deficiency List

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the 10 day interval would begin at midnight the 26th and end at
B. MEL REPAIR INTERVAL midnight February 5th.
As the MEL is not intended to provide for continued operation of an CATEGORY D
aircraft for an unlimited period of time. Repairs should be made as Items in this category shall be repaired within one hundred and
soon as possible within the time limit imposed by Rectification twenty (120) consecutive calendar days (2880 hours), excluding the
Intervals. day the malfunction was recorded in the aircraft maintenance record
Rectification Intervals (A, B, C, and D) have been introduced in / logbook.
accordance with definitions of MMEL/MEL
C. REPAIR INTERVAL EXTENSION
CATEGORY A i). Dispatch of the aircraft is not allowed after expiry of the
Items in this category shall be repaired within the interval specified in Rectification Interval specified in the MEL unless the Rectification
the remarks column of the operator's approved MEL. Whenever the Interval is extended in accordance with the following:
specified interval is stated in cycles or flight time, the time interval ii). A one-time extension of the applicable Rectification Interval B,
begins with the next flight. Category A items cannot be extended. C, or D, may be permitted for the same duration as that specified
CATEGORY B in the MEL provided:
Items in this category shall be repaired within three (3) consecutive a).A description of specific duties and responsibilities for
calendar days (72 hours), excluding the day the malfunction was controlling extensions is established by the operator, and
recorded in the maintenance record/logbook. b). The Authority is notified within 10 days of any extension
For example if it was recorded at 10 am on January 26th, the 3 day authorized
interval would begin at midnight the 26th and end at midnight the 29th.
D. APPROVAL OF OPERATOR MEL
CATEGORY C
Items in this category shall be repaired within ten ( 10) consecutive When reviewing the proposed MEL, the Airworthiness Authority
calendar days (240 hours), excluding the day the malfunction was will check for the following:
recorded in the maintenance record/logbook. a).Nothing is contained in the MEL that is less restrictive than
For example if it was recorded at 10 am on January 26th, the MMEL.
b).Nothing contradicts the FAA approved Airplane Flight
Manual.

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c). Nothing violates any limitations and conditions stipulated by ADs

issued against the aircraft
d). Operations (O) and maintenance (M) procedures required by the
MMEL are adequate
e). A defined management control process for administration of the
MEL.
"(M)" symbol indicates a requirement for a specific maintenance
procedure which must be accomplished prior to
operation with the listed item inoperative. Normally
these procedures are accomplished by maintenance
personnel.
"(0)" symbol indicates a requirement for a specific operations
procedure which must be accomplished in planning for
and/or operating with the listed item inoperative.
Normally these procedures are accomplished by the
flight crew.
Warning signs and placarding
All inoperative items must be placarded as inoperative
to inform flight crew members and maintenance
personnel of equipment condition, where possible and
practical. While the MMEL may require specific wording
for some items, in the majority of cases, unless
otherwise mentioned in the applicable MMEL, the
operator may choose the placard wording and location
at their discretion. However, it must be clearly spelled
out in the (O) and (M) procedures.

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 B. USE OF THE CDL
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The CDL is written in accordance with the following rules:
DISPATCH DEVIATION LISTS
i). When not specified, repairs, or replacement, of an item must be
A. GENERAL
done at the first suitable airport. This rule allows some flexibility in
The DDL is also called by some aircraft manufacturer a CDL the dispatch conditions. However, it is important to remember that
(Configuration Deviation List). flying under CDL is a deviation from the normal aircraft operation,
The Configuration Deviation List (CDL) is a reference document that and that extending the length of time that the aircraft is in operation
enables the aircraft to be dispatched, even if some secondary with a missing part may generate additional degradation, and may
airframes, or engine, parts are missing. These parts may be detected require the aircraft to be taken out of service.
during maintenance checks, or pre-flight exterior inspections. ii). No more than one part, or one combination of missing parts of a
The CDL is included in the Flight Manual (Chapter 6 – Appendices and specific system may be missing (i.e. one item for each ATA, unless
Supplements), and is approved by Airworthiness Authorities. otherwise specified).
Dispatch authorization may be granted, along with the following iii). Parts of different systems may be simultaneously missing.
associated requirements: iv). Performance penalties are cumulative, except if otherwise
a). Operational restrictions specified.

b). Performance penalties

v) If no performance penalty is provided for a missing item, it is
c). Maintenance actions. considered negligible. When several negligible items are missing at
Note: the same time, the rule is as follows:
Any item that is not in the CDL must be considered necessary o If there are no more than 3 negligible items, the
for the flight. cumulated performance penalty is not significant.
Even if not required by Airworthiness Authorities, Airbus o Starting from the fourth negligible item, all of the
recommends grouping the CDL and the MEL in the same performance-limited weights must be reduced by 50
document kg, for each additional missing item.

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vi). The CDL deals with missing parts only. For damage LAYOUT OF THE CDL
tolerance, the Operator must refer to the Aircraft
Maintenance Manual (AMM). If the item must be removed,
then, it may be in the CDL.
vii).All the items are listed according to the ATA chapter
classification.

1) Item identification and description

2) Normal item quantity onboard the aircraft
3) Dispatch conditions: May include impact on performance,
increased fuel consumption, and repair delay.

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ii). Following upon major maintenance, repair, conversion or

modification which may effect the operation or flight
10.7.7 CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS, MINIMUM EQUIPMENT characteristics of an aircraft.
REQUIREMENTS – TEST FLIGHTS iii). For the purpose of performance evaluation with respect to
Continuing Airworthiness is the processes ensuring that, at any time in flight characteristics, fuel consumption, engine power
its operating life, the aircraft complies with the airworthiness checks etc.
requirements in force and is in a condition for safe operation iv). To facilitate in trouble shooting a reported defect in a system
TEST FLIGHT or component if the fault could not be reproduced during
the prescribed ground checks.
Ground and flight test is performed as per Maintenance Data and PCAA
v). Following upon repair done to the aircraft as a result of
requirements. Flight test will also be performed if problem cannot be
major damage.
duplicated on ground by means of standard maintenance checks or if
vi). On specific requirement by Chief Engineer (QA)
maintenance manual calls for after maintenance action.
vii). On specific requirement by Chief Pilot Technical (FO)
Test flight may be carried out for any of the following cases:
viii). On specific requirement by PCAA
i). Specific Requirements
o Aircraft grounded for more than specific number of A Test Flight is not to be carried out unless:
days ix). A valid "Certificate of Fitness for Flight" has been issued
o More than 50% of the power sources changed (three following major maintenance.
out of four Engines replaced) x). A Certificate of Maintenance Review is in force.
o Following a Check D xi). The test flight has been called out or authorized by an
o Flight control surfaces replaced appropriate authority
o Wings and central section replaced xii). The Aircraft Technical Log book and other relevant
documents as required are on board the aircraft.
xiii).It should be realized that the act of normal maintenance and
/ or replacement of standard parts and or components
during the course of routine inspection and certification
does not normally constitute grounds for a test flight.

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International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standard and

Recommended Practice (SARP) applies only to twins and
10.7.8 ETOPS, MAINTENANCE AND DISPATCH REQUIREMENTS
defines ETOPS as "Extended-range Twin-engine Operational
Relevant AWNOT-064-AWRG (ETOPS Maintenance Requirements) Performance Standards".
ETOPS
ETOPS applies to twins on routes with diversion time more
ETOPS is an acronym for Extended range Twin Operations as re-defined
than 60 minutes at one engine inoperative speed.
by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in 2007.

This rule allows twin-engined airliners (such as the Airbus A300, A310, For rules that also cover more than two engines, as in the case
A320, A330 and A350, the Boeing 737, 757, 767, 777, 787, the Embraer of the FAA, ETOPS applies on routes with diversion time more
E-Jets, and the ATR 72) to fly long-distance routes that were previously than 180 minutes for airplanes with more than two engines.
off-limits to twin-engined aircraft.
Until the mid-1980s, the term EROPS (extended range
There are different levels of ETOPS certification, each allowing aircraft operations) was used before being superseded by ETOPS
to fly on routes that are a certain amount of single-engine flying time usage.
away from the nearest suitable airport.
In 1997, when Boeing proposed to extend ETOPS authority for
For example, if an aircraft is certified for 180 minutes, it is permitted to twins to beyond 180 minutes, Airbus proposed to replace
fly any route not more than 180 minutes single-engine flying time to ETOPS by a newer system, referred to as LROPS or Long Range
the nearest suitable airport. Operational Performance Standards, which would affect all civil
ETOPS operation has no direct correlation to water or distance over airliners, not just those with a twin-engine configuration with
water. more than 180 minutes ETOPS.

According to the FAA in 2007, "Several commenters …

It refers to flight times between diversion airfields, regardless as to
recommended use of the acronym "LROPS"—meaning 'Long
whether such fields are separated by water or land.
Range Operations'—for three- and four-engine ETOPS, to avoid
Prior to 2007, FAA defined ETOPS as "Extended Range Operations with two- confusion, particularly for those operations beyond 180-
engine airplanes" and applied to twins only. minutes diversion time. The FAA has decided to use the single

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term, 'extended operations,' or ETOPS, for all affected 2 MAINTENANCE AND DISPATCH REQUIREMENTS
operations regardless of the number of engines on the
1). .In accordance with Rule 27 of Civil Aviation Rules 1994, an
airplane.
aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not fly unless the aircraft, its
Government-owned aircraft (including military) do not have to engine, equipment and radios are maintained as per
adhere to ETOPS regulations. maintenance programme approved by the Airworthiness
Directorate of Civil Aviation Authority.
2).. A maintenance release shall be completed and signed by
personnel authorized by the Airworthiness Directorate,
certifying that the maintenance work performed has been
completed satisfactorily in accordance with the procedures
described in the maintenance manual and the maintenance
organizations procedures manual.
3).The authorized person also ensure that the tasks performed
within the time period specified by manufacturer of the aircraft
or within such extended period as may be authorized by the
Airworthiness Directorate.
4).an aircraft registered in Pakistan must be maintained in
accordance with the certification basis i.e., the aircraft design
standards accepted by DGCAA
5). All operators of aircraft and helicopters shall develop a
program for monitoring and assessing maintenance and
operational experience with respect to continuing
airworthiness.
A non-ETOPS flight will be constrained by the shaded 60 min flight- 6).The monitoring program / methodology shall be defined in
time circles. A 120 min ETOPS flight-time circles would permit a direct their company exposition manual. The significant experiences
Routing remedial actions shall be incorporated in the approved
maintenance programme and such experience shall also be

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communicated to Type Certificate / Certificate of Type that specific STC. If required, all recommended inspections
Approval holder. associated with STC shall be included in the maintenance
7).Where applicable, maintenance programme shall also include program.
the inspections related to ageing of aircraft such as Structural
Integrity Program and/or ageing of electrical wires.
8).Where applicable, the aircraft shall be subjected to an
approved reliability programme and ETOPS.
9).The maintenance shall be carried out by licensed aircraft
maintenance engineers or approved organizations or persons
authorized by the PCAA.
10).Furthermore, the aircraft shall be flown within the
limitations prescribed in the Flight Manual and Operations
Manual or equivalent documents of the aircraft.
11).All defects, which affect safety of the aircraft shall be
investigated and rectified before the aircraft flies. The
permissible defects may be carried forward as per approved
MEL.
12). In case of any modification, the State who has issued
approval to the specific modification shall be responsible for
maintaining the continuing airworthiness and will be declared
as the State of Design for that specific modification. If required,
all recommended inspections associated with modification
shall be included in the maintenance programme.
13). If the STC has been incorporated on the aircraft or its
component, the State who has issued approval to the specific
STC shall be responsible for maintaining the continuing
airworthiness and will be declared as the State of Design for

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B DECISION HEIGHT
To understand the concept of Cat II/Cat III operations, it is
important to understand the concept of DH.
DH is the wheel height above the runway elevation by which a
10.7.9 ALL WEATHER OPERATIONS, CATEGORY 2/3 go-around must be initiated unless adequate visual reference has
been established & the aircraft position and approach path has
OPERATIONS been assessed satisfactory to continue the approach & landing in
GENERAL safety.

The term All Weather Operations is used to describe aircraft operations DH is measured by means of Radio Altimeter.
under all runaway visibility conditions with regards to takeoff, landing
and taxi.
The special emphasis is on poor visibility conditions.
The regulation covering this is E A S A -AWO (All Weather Operations).
The EASA-AWO is made of:
o Category 1 (Cat I)
o Category 2 (Cat II)
o Category 3 (Cat III)
o Low Visibility Take off (LVTO)
o Low Visibility Taxi (LV TAXI)
The objective of Cat II/Cat III operations is to provide a level of
C RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE
safety, when landing in conditions of low visibility conditions
equivalent to that in normal operating conditions Another term encountered is the Runway Visual Range (RVR).

o Cat I refers to good visibility (normal operating It is the range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the center
conditions). line of the runway can see the runway center markings or the
o Cat II/Cat III constitutes the main part of All Weather lines delineating the runway or identifying the center line.
Operations (AWO)
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CAT III is divided into three subsystems:

CAT IIIA
CAT IIIB
CAT IIIC
All these three subsystems are associated with three minima
levels. Cat IIIA is associated with highest minima and Cat IIIC
associated with lowest minima
An automatic landing system is mandatory to perform Cat III
operations. Its reliability must be sufficient to control the aircraft
to touchdown in Cat IIIA operations & through rollout and taxi
phase in Cat IIIB operations
CATEGORY II (CAT II)
CAT IIIA
Category II approach is a precision approach & landing with decision
A category III A approach is a precision instrument approach and
height lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not less than 30m (100ft) & an RVR
landing with no decision height or a decision height lower than
of not less than 350 m (1200 ft)
100ft (30m) and a runway visual range not less than 700 ft (200 m)
The main objective of Cat II operations is to provide a level of safety
CAT IIIB
equivalent to other operations, but in more adverse weather
conditions & lower visibility A category III B approach is a precision approach and landing with
Cat II weather minima allow sufficient visual references at DH, to no decision height or a decision height lower than 50ft (15m) and a
permit a manual landing or a missed approach to be executed runway visual range less than 700ft (200m), but not less than 150ft
CATEGORY III (CAT III) (50m).
CAT IIIC
Main difference between CAT II/ CAT III operations is that CAT II
provides sufficient visual reference to permit a manual landing at DH, A category III C approach is a precision approach and landing with
no decision height and no runway visual range limitation. CAT III C
whereas CAT III does not provide sufficient visual reference & requires
operations are not currently authorized by Airworthiness
an automatic landing system
Authorities.

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