The Network Simulator of Tomorrow - JNS

Leckraj Nagowah, M. Hashmi Domun and M. Vmar Ibn Waliyullah

Computer Science & Engineering Department,
University of Mauritius,
Reduit, Mauritius.
l.nagowah@uom.ac.mu, hashmi.d@gmail.com, springdale7@gmail.com

Abstract-Networking is an important concept in the field of connectivity have recently emerged and have further
computing in the contemporary world. While networking enhanced computer networking with technologies like
equipment are readily available on the market, people in need Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Wi-Fi Protected
of computer networks however often turn to other trained and Access (WPA) [21].
qualified networking personnel to set up their required local While networking equipment are largely available on
area network. The fact that a network can physically and
the market, people tum to network specialists to set up their
logically be represented and configured in different ways
computer networks, either wired or wireless networks, at
makes network setup and configuration a time consuming job
home or in offices. The factors affecting the network to be
even for network specialists. The latter have to invest time in
set up depend on the size of the network, the number and
experimenting different network layouts to try to find an
type of network devices in the network topology. It also
optimal configuration that will also reduce investment costs.
The paper aims at proposing a network modeling and
becomes more time-consuming when it involves larger
simulation tool that enables people, both network specialists
networks with complex network device configurations and
and those with a minimal knowledge of networking concepts, when alternative network design solutions exist. In the end,
to set up, configure, understand and evaluate different a network may be set up and configured without a thorough
network configurations prior to real-life deployment. understanding of the underlying networking concepts. This
is often the case with networking students. In other cases,
Keywords-network; simulator; router; protocols; network specialists want to ensure that their configurations
configuration; OSPF; Java are correct before actually configuring the network devices,
or they may want to evaluate different network
I. INTRODUCTION configurations before setting up the most optimal one. To be
Networking is a common term in the field of computer able to do these, the network specialists rely on network
science which represents the interconnection of computers simulators. This paper is an attempt to build a simple but
and network devices through the use of communication robust network simulator that may be used by both network
channels so as to enable the exchange of information novices and experts.
between devices. Computer networking is possible with the The rest of this paper is structured as follows: Section 2
wide array of network equipment available which can talks about well-known network simulators. Section 3
support wired or wireless network connectivity or both. presents a number of design issues to be considered in the
Devices which form part of a computer network can be implementation of our network simulator JNS. Section 4
grouped according to the Open Systems Interconnection or presents the system architecture and the actual
OSI layer in which they have been designed to work, most implementation of JNS. Section 5 provides testing results
commonly at Layer 1, Layer 2 or at Layer 3. Network and evaluates our network simulator. Finally Section 6
devices can also operate in different network topologies, concludes with future works on JNS.
like the Bus network, the Ring network and the Star
network [19]. II. RELATED WORK

There has been constant innovation in the field of In the recent years, much effort has been made by
computer networking over the years which has helped to numerous individuals and organizations regarding network
standardize computer networking as well as enabling new simulation software. While some open-source projects are
features and technologies to be developed. For instance, the barely known to the public, other simulation software are
packet-based network which relies on Internet Protocol known to be constantly improving to reflect the continuous
version 4 (IPv4) quickly made its way to enhance switched changes in the world of networking. However, not all of
networks and this protocol is gradually being replaced by them provide similar functionalities. Below is an outline of
the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) [20]. Static routing some common network simulators and their drawbacks.
constraints and issues have been resolved by dynamic The ns simulator is a network simulator that runs on
routing protocols like Distance Vector routing protocol and Linux. Ns provide for the simulation of TCP packets,
Link State Advertisement routing protocol. In addition to routing and multicast protocols. The ns simulator also
improved wired connectivity links with the use of Gigabit provides for the simulation of wired and wireless networks,
Ethernet and Optic fiber links, wireless Ethernet including satellite links [4]. The main drawbacks with the ns

978-1-4244-5540-9/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE

530
simulator is that it is available on Linux only and it requires time packet flow between devices should be graphically
an understanding of OTcl programming language to be able represented to allow users to interactively view the packet
to model network topologies for simulation [18]. flow across network topologies. This real-time simulation
The Cisco Packet Tracer software is a well known shall allow a better understanding of the operations of the
network simulator with an easy to use interface and having network devices by simulating their operations. The network
advanced features. It provides a virtual environment simulator should display a simplified routing table for each
whereby network topologies, switching and routing can be router in the network. This feature will be very useful to
designed, configured and simulated. The ease of networking novices and will help them to understand the
troubleshooting makes it an ideal tool for networking operations of the router. Moreover, a network simulator must
students [2]. The biggest disadvantage with the Cisco provide for both static and dynamic routing protocols in the
Packet Tracer is that it is available only to Cisco Network router devices. The Distance Vector routing protocol and
Academy students [I]. Link State Advertisement protocol are two essential routing
OMNeT+ + is a modular open-source simulation protocols that should be implemented. The loading and
environment which can easily be implemented with new storing of network topologies and configurations of network
protocols. A command line interface is available as well [3]. devices are also important in order to allow the configuration
OMNeT++ can be considered as a framework rather than of devices in a stepwise manner.
simulator software. In fact, modules can be developed and
added to OMNeT++ which can be used for various IV. SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION
simulation environments. Integrating real world applications Based on the above design issues of a high performance,
into OMNeT++ can be time consuming and complex since real-time simulator software and taking into consideration
OMNeT++ does not provide much support for the the limitations of existing network simulators,
integration of real world applications [22]. JNetworkSimulator, abbreviated as JNS, a Java-based
The Georgia Tech Network Simulator (GTNetS) is network simulator has been developed. Rather than making
another free network simulator which allows for the study modifications to existing open-source simulator software or
of medium to large virtual computer networks [5, 17]. using customizable framework software with plug-in
GTNetS attempts to represent the simulation environment in modularity, JNS has been developed from scratch to avoid
a similar manner as actual networks. GTNetS is however any risk of existing framework limitations or component
not an all-featured simulator software but is rather rewrites in the case the core component is changed in the
programming-oriented where customization is required by event of a software update.
users so as to make a program as required for specific The JNS simulator software has been built in various
network simulations [13]. component layers. For optimal structure and interaction
between these components, a three-tier system architecture
III. DESIGN ISSUES
has been preferred. This architecture has three main
The challenges to be considered for the design and component layers, namely the Presentation layer, the
development of a network simulator are very critical for a Business Logic layer and the Data layer as illustrated in
very high performance, real time network simulator. In this Figure 1. This software architecture makes it an excellent
section we present the design issues to be considered for our way to enhance software modularity. In this respect, any
network simulator, which are greatly influenced by an changes to be done in JNS affects only a particular
analysis of the existing tools and their features. A user component for a specific layer.
friendly and uncluttered Graphical User Interface is very The Presentation layer is made up of Swing and AWT
important. The network simulator should allow a practice components since these make up the user interface part of
and visualization environment for the designing, the simulator which will be interacting with the end-user, as
configuration, and troubleshooting of networks. The well as handling all user inputs to the network simulator
environment should enable users to design networks by software.
using drag-and-drop capabilities. Another important feature
of a network simulator is real-time network device AWl
configuration through the command line interface which )
allows for real-life simulation of device configuration like
enterprise-class switches and routers. The simulator should
also include an innovative feature of device configuration --
using a graphical user interface instead of the command line SImulation ospr & RIP Padc.et
interface. This GUI configuration capability will be used by lenlnl KouUOI
Protocol
vGUallutton

networking novices instead of the command line interface

which requires the correct use of appropriate commands.
Another important aspect of the network simulator is to
allow users to observe virtual packets in real time by
modeling network traffic and packet behaviours. The real-

531
 Figure I. The Three-tier software architecture An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is to be
chosen which provides essential tools in helping to design
The Business Logic layer is made up of the components and build the simulator software quickly and efficiently.
crucial to the functionalities of JNS. For instance, the Add NetBeans has been found as an ideal IDE since it has very
and Delete Devices and Connections component is used to good features and the most interesting feature is the ease of
handle virtual network device addition and deletion as well designing graphical user interfaces using Java Swing [12].
as creation and deletion of network connection links in the This is indeed an important aspect of the IDE since this will
simulator. The Device Configuration component handles help designing the user interfaces within the least time
network devices configuration via specific configuration possible.
windows depending on the network device being configured. By making a comparison between various databases
The Simulation Testing component handles the software available, MySQL has been found to be an excellent choice
simulation while providing meaningful network simulation for a database to be used with a network simulator [9]. For
result outputs to the user. The OSPF & RIP Routing instance, MySQL is reputed for its stability, robustness and
Protocol component is the key component providing Link performance since MySQL effectively uses a threaded
State routing and Distance Vector routing protocols to model [23]. Also, MySQL is an ideal multiplatform
network routers in JNS. Perhaps one of the most interesting component that can be used for the database part of a
aspects of JNS comes from the Packet Visualization network simulator. JNS can also load and save network
component, which handles the display of the real-time topologies where XML file contents are dynamically
network simulation with graphical packet flows in the JNS generated, containing the individual configuration of each
simulation window so as to provide for a better saved network device in the network topology.
understanding of the network simulation to users. It should Dynamic device creation, deletion and configuration are
be noted that the SecurityManager component is a very among the most important functionalities of JNS. Device
important part of the Business Logic layer of the system. objects are created by simply dragging the device icon into
This component is responsible for user data validation from the main workspace. A new device object is thus created
the graphical user interface part of the simulator software as and is represented by the new icon on the workspace. All
well as for ensuring the correctness of real-time network device icons have associated menus when selected, which
simulation. enable users to delete the device, delete connection links or
The Database layer deals with the relevant database open a configuration window. Device deletion removes the
transaction between the Business Logic layer and the device object from the JNS workspace and deletes all
Database component of JNS. connections to neighbouring network devices.
Object Orientation is a programming paradigm whereby Different configuration windows exist in JNS for each
the use of objects and features are emphasized regarding the device type. Thus, depending on the device type being
object properties and interaction [15]. This means that real selected, a specific configuration window is created where
world objects can effectively be modeled in the system and
the device attributes are loaded and are available for further
features can be added and extended. Hence an object
configuration.
oriented programming language is advantageous to the
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) has been chosen for
design and development of our network simulator JNS since
the Distance Vector routing protocol. However, the most
all the components and layers of the JNS architecture can be
interesting and challenging implementation is that for the
regarded as objects.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol to be used
For a high performance, real-time network simulator, a
for the Link State Advertisement protocol [7]. The OSPF
robust programming language is needed. The Java
routing protocol uses Dijkstra algorithm [16] which is
programming language provides for the best features which
independently used by each router device to compute the
can be implemented more rapidly compared to
shortest path [8] for all interconnected routers running the
programming language like C++ [11]. For instance, the
OSPF routing protocol.
Write-once-Run-Anywhere capability makes Java an ideal
The OSPF protocol works by routing updates being sent
choice since this provides for multiplatform capability [14]
to neighbouring routers on multicast IP address 224.0.0.5.
as long as the platform on which JNS would run has support
Routers send updates to the Designated Router (DR) on the
for the Java Virtual Machine and comes with a windowing
multicast address 224.0.0.6. The DR then calculates the
system. Also, Java provides other valuable features like
network routes and updates its network topology
Automatic Garbage Collection [10].
information, which is sent to all other routers. The
A user friendly Graphical User Interface which allows
following part of this section describes the implementation
rapid device configuration is very important. Java Swing
of the non-recursive, list-based Dijkstra SPF algorithm.
has been chosen to design the user interface of the network
The router currently running the algorithm is known as
simulator as well as for the graphical packet flow
the rootNode. There are five lists to be used in the shortest
visualization feature. The Object Oriented nature of Java
path first (SPF) algorithm. The ShortestPath list contains all
and the features available in Java Swing allow for the
known connected routers for which the shortest path has
effortless integration of the packet flow visualization feature
been calculated. The TentativePath is a list containing
in the network simulator.

532
 n_ , " '

routers where the paths may not necessarily be the shortest

path to the connected routers. The list nextRoutersList
contains temporary information about neighbouring router
/
nodes for the currently processed router node by the
algorithm. The FinishedNodes list contains the router ID �\ -� -

...... '---.. /
which has finished taking part in the SPF algorithm. Last,
the list TopologyList is sent by the DR to all other routers
containing information on all connected routers
// � -�

participating in the OSPF routing protocol.

First, the rootNode adds its own information in the
ShortestPath list while pointing to itself with a link cost of
�---
zero.
In the second part of the algorithm, the last router added
to the ShortestPath list is retrieved. The next hop router Figure 2. JNS - The network Simulator
which the retrieved router points to is added to the
FinishedNodes list, with all the next hop routers stored in A network topology was then prepared from which
nextRoutersList. If nextRoutersList is empty, there are no various tests were to be carried out. For the network devices
more neighbouring routers to investigate. This makes it the in the test network topology, different IP addresses and link
end of the Dijkstra algorithm and the algorithm stops. speed were configured for the different PCs and routers and
Otherwise, for every router in nextRoutersList, the link cost different test cases were prepared. First, tests were carried
is calculated by making a sum of the link cost between the out regarding the flow of packets moving between the
rootNode and the ShortestPath router and the link between relevant devices as shown in figure 3.
the ShortestPath router and the neighbouring router in
nextRoutersList. This is known as a Tentative link cost, and -
Swrtch:2
is not the final link cost. If the TentativeList is empty, the PC:2
current next hop router is stored in it. Otherwise, if the
current next hop router already exists in the list but with a
higher link cost, then this router is replaced with the current I
router having lower link cost. At this point, all neighbouring
router for the current ShortestPath router node have been Router.2

added to TentativeList.
In the third part, all link costs of the neighbouring nodes
in TentativeList are compared for each router having the /
smallest link cost value. Before adding this least cost router • •
node to the ShortestPath list, the list is checked whether it Swrtch:l Rout.r.! Routed Swrtch:3

already contains that particular least cost router node. If not,

the router with the least cost is added to it. Figure 3. JNS - Packet flow visualisation - OSPF Test
If the TentativePath list is not an empty list then the
second part of the algorithm is repeated again until the The next testing phase was to test for OSPF shortest
TentativePath list is empty. Otherwise, the algorithm ends. paths and related routing updates for the routers' Routing
Tables as shown in figure 4.
V. TESTING AND EvALVAnON
IMRoutin9T,bl. [QJ��
After the development of JNS has reached completion, it Type N�ork A�, Subnet: Mil. Port Num . • Next Hop L M�tric Admlnisi:r.
C 1721616,0 25525525", Ethemetl 1721616.1 0 0
was checked whether the simulator is consistent with the set 1721617,0 255.255.25... Ethernet2 1721617.2 0

of design issues presented earlier in the paper. The drag­ 1921681,0 255.2551.5 . . . Ethernet3 1921681.1 0
0.0.0,0 255.255.25". Ethemet4 0,0,0,0
and-drop feature of JNS proved to be very beneficial since it 0 1721618,0 255255,25". Ethernetl 1721616,2 10 lIO

allows for the rapid creation of a network topology, as 0 192168.2.0 255,25525", Eth.metl 172.1616,2 10 lIO
0 1921683.0 25525525", Eth.metl 1721616,2 20 lIO
shown in figure 2.

Figure 4. -Routing Table of router I

Finally, tests were carried out on routers Command Line

Interface (as shown in figure 5) where static routes were
added and removed and the resulting routing table being
checked for consistent simulation results.
All tests carried out on JNS were successful.
Furthermore, a load testing was performed with JNS and

533
MySQL running on a Pentium 3, lOOOMHz computer. It {!1RouterJ Router Configur,tJon lBTID�
was noticed that for a very large network topology with OtYICt ConfiQullIbon lnttrhct Confioumon SUbc Roub" RIP ("OSPFl Comm,nd lint lnterbet

many devices and with all routers running OSPF dynamic rOSPfconfi9UIlItlOn

En.bltOSPF

routing protocol, the simulator still yielded accepted results.

rAdd OSPF NttwOrtc-===:::::;- rOSPF Network list
We concluded that simulation of very large networks on old N,two"'''''",,' 1;;2.li. · l. �- - - - - - - - -
" 2.,,•. L 0/25' .25, .2" . 0/"',
�'"
machines does not affect the simulation results but only SubnttM'lk: 1255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0/2S5.2S5.2S5.0/Atn:O

makes the software execution slower. Atu:

1,,-' ___-'
There are many features present in JNS which makes it �
different from other network simulators. For instance, JNS I.
L-______�� ______ � .I
====�
has been built using the Java programming language, with
the biggest advantage being its portability and features like
the Automatic Garbage Collector. Network devices makes
use of Threads using a Cached Thread Pool Executor and ----- --- - --�

with each device Thread executing irrespective of others, it

is thus possible to simulate real-life networks while
delivering high performance simulation. Also, network
Figure 6. -GUI to add network routes to OSPF routing process
simulation can take place in two modes, either the normal
real-time mode or in simulation mode, where the packet
VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS
flow visualization feature makes it easy to understand
packet flow in simulated networks, a feature which not The use of Object Orientation and Java programming
many network simulators have. Also, the rapid language for developing JNS makes it entirely possible to
configuration of network devices through the graphical user model real-world network devices as real-time network
interface (figure 6) makes JNS unique. No other network device objects. JNS features high performance and real-time
simulator provide for this innovative feature which allows simulation of Ethernet Local Area Networks. Some
the rapid and easy configuration of devices without the use successfully implemented features are the easy drag and
of the command line interface. The advantage of object drop of network devices, interactive packet flow
orientation makes it very easy to implement additional visualization system showing the configuration of routers
devices, protocols and other technologies. via their routing tables, easy configuration of network
Hence in our view, JNS network simulator is a complete devices through a GUI, real-life simulation using the
and robust network simulator since all the critical features command line configuration, static and dynamic routing
of a network simulator as identified in the Design Issues protocols (RIP and OSPF) and loading and saving of
section were successfully implemented in JNS using network topologies using XML and MySQL. Our test also
available technologies. However, in this current version, showed that simulation of very large networks on old
JNS is only limited to simulation of local area networks. machines does not affect the simulation results but only
�Q'''''J''' '''''' C__ �
�1 makes the software execution slower. All these features
�IrConl�4t_ ,",Mt.c(�.... "itAW� L.�OSIf C--Wl_Ird�_(
make JNS a robust, multiplatform and an ideal real-time
m c-.. .... "-llI'f CenfVw.__
Ethernet simulator.
P..M1d�1fI\aWR
�orl�.�_."""
Int"'_c ....... 0<7 ...� ......
In our view, JNS is a better network simulator compared
........, IUiUU '" ... ...
to others. For instance, JNS provides for dynamic creation,
",,,.,.., U1l611.l VB ... ... deletion and configuration of devices and routing protocols
,.....""" .
I OU6l.u in real-time simulation, compared to script-based simulation
,- OJI" ,., environments like in the ns simulator. Also, JNS provides
�1Icl'«Wd''9U',t�
lr'C.(�a.on(oI'l'llNtllh,Oftt paline. for both command line interface configuration of routers as
RoIoItIlcl.I(��,�
�.,...I{(ont" • ..,._.,.-'cItf'(, well as graphical user configuration, the latter providing for
Iowtn-UtenLq 1>"., ... 0' ltl.16&.lOJ �1o.1».l»lI
IoI.cn'Hf0f'!h901}1:,.
�",.J((OI'Ifog�
faster configuration since it is much easier to configure
devices using the graphical user interface. JNS has been
modelled according to real-world network devices through
the notion of object orientation approach, and with the
Figure 5. -The Command Line Interface
Three-tier System Architecture model, the addition of other
network devices and protocols in JNS becomes easy
compared to existing network simulators. JNS can also use
both XML files and a MySQL database to load and store
network topologies and device configurations, hence
accounting for greater flexibility compared to other network
simulators.
However, the development of JNS is not limited to the
successful implementation of these features. Indeed, there
are additional features that can enhance the existing

534
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