Unit 5 Rizal Module

Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings
LESSON 5. RIZAL’S LIFE: EXILE, TRIAL, AND, EXCUTION

OF RIZAL
INTRODUCTION
Dr. José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, is not only admired for
possessing intellectual brilliance but also for taking a stand and resisting the
Spanish colonial government. While his death sparked a revolution to overthrow
the tyranny, Rizal will always be remembered for his compassion towards the
Filipino people and the country.
In this Unit, we will discuss about his exile, trial, execution and its effect on the
Spaniard’s regime and Philippine Revolution.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Analyze the factors that led to Rizal’s execution
2. Analyze the effects of Rizal’s execution on Spanish colonial rule and the
Philippine Revolution.
ACTIVATING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
1
PRESENTATION OF CONTENT
EXILE IN THE PHILIPPINES
Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892, feeling he needed to be in the country to

effect change. Although the reform society he founded, the Liga Filipino
(Philippine League), supported non-violent action, Rizal was still exiled to
Dapitan, on the island of Mindanao. During the four years Rizal was in exile, he
practiced medicine and took on students
THE BERS OF 1986
On November 20, Jose was interrogated for his alleged crimes. On

December 3, he was indicated as the principal organizer of the insurrection
against the Spanish government. On December 10, it was decided that his case
should be heard by a court martial with his defense to be handled by an officer of
the army and not a civil lawyer. Jose then was made to choose his council. And in
his favor, he selected First Lieutenant Luis Taveal de Andrade.
On December 25, he was informed that his trial was to begin at 10:00AM
the following day. On the 26th,the Council of War gave its verdict that he was
guilty of the crime charged against him and he was to be sentenced to death on the
same day. The latter was held, and on the 28th, the Governor General confirmed
the decision and fixed the date of the execution.
2
On December 29, his sentence was formally read to him. And at 7:00AM
of December 30, 1898, Rizal was shot in Bagumbayan by eight indio soldiers.
Rizal upon being shot, shouted: “Preparen”, “Apunten”, “Consummatum est” (it
is done).
The story of Jose will remain to be a pristine reminder of our history as a

Filipino people, and his contributions as the DNA of our nation.
EFFECTS OF RIZAL’S
EXECUTION
Filipino Rebellion after Rizal's Execution
 The Philippine independence struggle turned more violent after Rizal's

death. It was led first by Andres Bonifacio and later by Emilio Aguinaldo.
Emilio Aguinaldo was a peasant worker and an idealist young firebrand.
Rizal's death filled the rebels with new determination, but the Katipunan
was becoming divided between supporters of Bonifacio, who revealed
himself to be an increasingly ineffective leader, and its rising star,
Aguinaldo. At a convention held at Tejeros, the Katipunan's headquarters
in March 1897, delegates elected Aguinaldo president and demoted
Bonifacio to the post of director of the interior. Bonifacio withdrew with
his supporters and formed his own government. After fighting broke out
3
between Bonifacio's and Aguinaldo's troops, Bonifacio was arrested,

tried, and on May 10, 1897, executed by order of Aguinaldo. [Source:
Library of Congress *]
 Aguinaldo He extracted some concessions from the Spaniards in 1897 and
declared Philippines independence on June, 12, 1898 from the balcony of
his home in Cavite and established himself as president of an ill-fated
provisional Philippine Republic after Filipinos drove the Spanish from
most of the archipelago. Through their revolutionary proclamation,
Filipinos claim that the Philippines was the first democratic republic in
Asia. In one battle unarmed rebels on the island of Negros tricked the
Spanish into retreating by launching an attack with “cannons” made
rolled-up palm-leaf mats painted black and “bayonet rifles” constructed
from bamboo.
 As 1897 wore on, Aguinaldo himself suffered reverses at the hands of
Spanish troops, being forced from Cavite in June and retreating to Biak-
na-Bato in Bulacan Province. The futility of the struggle was becoming
apparent on both sides. Although Spanish troops were able to defeat
insurgents on the battlefield, they could not suppress guerrilla activity. In
August armistice negotiations were opened between Aguinaldo and a new
Spanish governor.
 After three years of bloodshed, most of it Filipino, a Spanish-Filipino
peace pact was signed in Hong Kong in December, 1897. According to
the agreement the Spanish governor of the Philippines would pay
Aguinaldo the equivalent of US$800,000, and the rebel leader and his
government would go into exile. Aguinaldo established himself in Hong
Kong, and the Spanish bought themselves time. Within the year, however,
their more than three centuries of rule in the islands would come to an
abrupt and unexpected end. *
 According to Lonely Planet: “Predictably, the pact's demands satisfied
nobody. Promises of reform by the Spanish were broken, as were
promises by the Filipinos to stop their revolutionary plotting. The Filipino
cause attracted huge support from the Japanese, who tried unsuccessfully
to send money and two boatloads of weapons to the exiled revolutionaries
in Hong Kong.
 When the Spanish-American War broke out in April 1898, Spain’s
fleet was easily defeated at Manila. Aguinaldo returned, and his
12,000 troops kept the Spanish forces bottled up in Manila until
U.S. troops landed. The Spanish cause was doomed, but the
Americans did nothing to accommodate the inclusion of Aguinaldo
in the succession. Fighting between American and Filipino troops
broke out almost as soon as the Spanish had been defeated.
Aguinaldo issued a declaration of independence on June 12, 1898.
However, the Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1898, by the
United States and Spain, ceded the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto
Rico to the United States, recognized Cuban independence, and
gave US$20 million to Spain. A revolutionary congress convened at
4
Malolos, north of Manila, promulgated a constitution on January 21,

1899, and inaugurated Aguinaldo as president of the new republic
two days later. Hostilities broke out in February 1899, and by
March 1901 Aguinaldo had been captured and his forces defeated.
Despite Aguinaldo’s call to his compatriots to lay down their arms,
insurgent resistance continued until 1903. The Moros, suspicious of
both the Christian Filipino insurgents and the Americans, remained
largely neutral, but eventually their own armed resistance had to be
subjugated, and Moro territory was placed under U.S. military rule
until 1914.
Facts about Rizal’s Trial and Execution
1. 13 recognized prima facie evidences were used against Jose. He was

charged and accused of three crimes: rebellion, sedition, and illegal
association (Carado, 2014).
2. Some of the so-called prima facie evidences used against Jose—including
documents and testimonies, were only obtained around June and August
1897. The final papers were only available by April 1898, where Jose was
a year and four months under his grave (Balbin et al., 2018).
3. No one among Jose’s family came (Balbin et al., 2018). Only Josephine
Bracken (Engaging Rizal, 2018), “who was said to be his wife that he
married hours before his execution”—was present.
4. Jose was made to pay Php100,000—initially Php20,000. In the failure of
him to pay, the obligation shall be passed down to his family. However, it
is accounted that the confiscation of his assets already began in December
10. Such was taken and paid for as indemnification for the damages to the
government as a result of his crimes (Balbin et al., 2018).
5. In 1898, after the Mock Battle of Manila 1, Jose’s remains were recovered.
His bones were washed and cleansed, and were placed in an ivory urn
(The Last Days of José Rizal: A Timeline of His Last Arrest,
Incarceration, Execution and the Journey of His Remains, n.d.).
6. Jose was able to know about Josephine Bracken in Dapitan when she
brought her father to Rizal for a cataract operation (Szczepanski, 2019).
5
7. Mi Ultino Adios, translates as “My Last Goodbye” is the last poem written
by Jose.
8. Jose died at the age of 35 years old.
APPLICATION
 At this point, it is useful to think about the kinds of
question we need to ask to develop an understanding of
Rizal’s Higher Education and Life abroad. Appropriate
questions include:
1. Today, political intervention and nepotism in the government are very

rampant. Many incompetent officials land a career in government service-
turning the bureaucracy into an inefficient organization prone to
corruption and manipulation of politicians. How do you think Rizal
would react at this moment? Is he proud of what the country has become?
Explain.
2. Rizal once said, “Kabataan ang pag-asa ng bayan”. What do you think is
your role or contribution in shaping our future?
FEEDBACK
6
REFLECTION
Congratulations! You are progressing well with the lesson. Affirm

yourself with a bid smile as you have completed the tasks asked of you in
this lesson. Revisit once more your memory and consider the learning you
derived from the lesson. To confirm this learning, write your reflection by
supplying the information in the Exit Ticket below:
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
I think there is still a

need to learn more
I am certain that I about . . . . I could apply what
learned about…. I learned by….

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Rizal’s Life, Works and Writings

LESSON 5. RIZAL’S LIFE: EXILE, TRIAL, AND, EXCUTION

ACTIVATING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

EXILE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892, feeling he needed to be in the country to

THE BERS OF 1986

On November 20, Jose was interrogated for his alleged crimes. On

The story of Jose will remain to be a pristine reminder of our history as a

Filipino Rebellion after Rizal's Execution

 The Philippine independence struggle turned more violent after Rizal's

between Bonifacio's and Aguinaldo's troops, Bonifacio was arrested,

Malolos, north of Manila, promulgated a constitution on January 21,

Facts about Rizal’s Trial and Execution

1. 13 recognized prima facie evidences were used against Jose. He was

1. Today, political intervention and nepotism in the government are very

Congratulations! You are progressing well with the lesson. Affirm

I think there is still a

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