Dec-19 Question - Corrected

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

NET DECEMBER-2019
PART A
Q1. A two-digit number is such that if the digit 4 is placed to its right, its value would
increase by 490 . Find the original number.
(a) 48 (b) 54 (c) 64 (d) 56
Q2. Given that K !  1 2  3  ...  K , which is the largest among the following numbers?
(a)  2!
1/ 2
(b)  3!
1/ 3
(c)  4!
1/ 4
(d)
 3!
2
Q3. Of three children, Uma plays all three of cricket, football and hockey. Iqbal plays cricket
but not football and Tarun plays hockey but neither football nor cricket. The number of
games played by at least two of the children is
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) zero
Q4. A multiple choice exam has 4 questions, each with 4 answer choices. Every question
has only one correct answer. The probability of getting all answers correct by
independent random guesses for each one is
(b) 1/ 4  (c)  3 / 4  (d)  3 / 4 

4 4
(a) 14
Q5. The result of a survey to find the most preferred leader among A, B, C is shown in the
table
Votes A B C
1st preference 13 54 33
2nd preference 24 37 39
3rd preference 63 9 28
First, second and third preferences are given weights 3, 2,1 , respectively. Statistically,
which of the following can be said to represent the preferences of the voters?
(a) A and C are within 10% of each other
(b) B is the most preferred
(c) B and C are within 10% of each other
(d) C is the most preferred
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Q6. Which is the curve in the figure whose points satisfy the equation y  constant  e x ?
(a) A y
B A
(b) B
x
(c) C C O
D
(d) D
Q7. An ice cube of volume 10 cm 3 is floating over a glass of water of 10 cm 2 cross-section

area and 10 cm height. The level of the water is exactly at the brim of the glass. Given
that the density of ice is 10% less than that of water, what will be the situation when ice
melts completely?
(a) the level falls by 10% of the side of the cube.
(b) The level falls by 10% of the original height of the water column
(c) The level increases by 10% of the side of the cube and water spills out
(d) There is no change in the level of the water.
Q8. In a college admission where applicants have to choose only one subject, 1/ 4th of the
applicants opted for Biology. 1/ 6th for chemistry, 1/ 8th for Physics and 1/12 th for Maths.
18 applicants did not opt for any of the above four subjects. How many applicants were
there?
(a) 22 (b) 24 (c) 36 (d) 48
Q9. Based on the bar chart shown here, which of the
60
following inferences is correct?
per lakh litres of water
kg of rice produced
(a) Region A uses maximum water per kg of rice

(b) Average water consumption of the four regions is 40
37.5 lakh liters 30

(c) Region D uses thrice the amount of water used by 20
region A per kg of rice.
(d) Region B uses 20 lakh litres of less water than
region A A B C D
Region
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Q10. In a race five drivers were in the following situation. M was following V , R was just
ahead of T and K was the only one between T and V . Who was in the second place at
that instant?
(a) V (b) R (c) T (d) K
Q11. A bag contains 8 red balls, 17 green balls. What is the minimum number of balls that
needs to be taken out from the bag to ensure getting at least one ball of each colour?
(a) 19 (b) 18 (c) 28 (d) 27
Q12. In a very old, stable forest, a particular species of plants grows to a maximum height of
3m . In a large survey, it is found that 30% of the plants have heights less than 1 m and
50% have heights more than 2 m . From these observations we can say that the height of
the plants increases
(a) at the slowest rate when they are less than 1 m tall
(b) at the fastest rate when they are between 1 m and 2 m tall
(c) at the fastest rate when they are more than 2 m tall
(d) at the same rate at all stages
Q13. What day of the week will it be 61 days from a Friday?
(a) Saturday (b) Sunday (c) Friday (d) Wednesday
Q14. Which of the following 7 -digit numbers CANNOT be perfect squares?
A  45 xyz 26, B  2 xyz175, C  xyz3310
(a) Only A (b) Only B (c) Only C (d) All three
Q15. A cyclist covers a certain distance at a constant speed. If a jogger covers half the distance
in double the time as the cyclist, the ratio of the speed of the jogger to that of the cyclist
is
(a) 1:4 (b) 4:1 (c) 1:2 (d) 2:1
Q16. What is the ratio of the surface area of a cube with side 1cm to the total surface area of
the cubes formed by breaking the original cube into identical cubes of side 1mm ?
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 10 100 36
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Q17. How many non-square rectangles are there in the following figure,
consisting of 7 squares?
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11
Q18. The mean of a set of 10 numbers is M . By combining with it a second set
of M numbers, the mean of the combined set becomes 10 . What is the sum of the
second set of numbers?
(a) 10 M  1 (b) 10 M  1 (c) 20 (d) 100
Q19. Karan’s house is 20 m to the east of Rahul’s house. Mehul’s house is 25 m to the North-
East of Rahul’s house. With respect to Mehul’s house in which direction is Karan’s house?
(a) East (b) South (c) North-East (d) West
Q20. A four-wheeled cart is going around a circular track. Which of the following statements
is correct, if the four wheels are free to rotate independent of each other and the cart
negotiates the track stably?
(a) All wheels rotate at the same speed
(b) The four wheels have different speeds each
(c) The wheels closer to the inside of the track move slower than the outer-side wheels
(d) The wheels closer to the inside of the track move faster than the outer-side wheels
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PART B
Q21. The angular frequency of oscillation of a quantum harmonic oscillator in two dimensions
is  . If it is in contact with an external heat bath at temperature T , its partition function
1
is (in the following   )
k BT
e 2   e   e   e 2  
(a) (b) (c) (d)
e  e  e    1 e 2    1
2 2
2    
1 1
Q22. A student measures the displacement x from the equilibrium of a stretched spring and
reports it be 100  m with a 1% error. The spring constant k is known to be 10 N / m
1 2
with 0.5% error. The percentage error in the estimate of the potential energy V  kx
2
is
(a) 0.8% (b) 2.5% (c) 1.5% (d) 3.0 %
1
Q23. The Hamiltonian of two interacting particles one with spin 1 and the other with spin is
2
   
given by H  AS 1  S 2  B  S1x  S 2 x  , where S 1 and S 2 denote the spin operators of the
first and second particles, respectively and A and B are positive constants. The largest
eigenvalue of this Hamiltonian is
(a)
1
2

A 2  3B  (b) 3A 2  B (c)
1
2
3 A 2  B  (d) A 2  3B
Q24.  
Consider the set of polynomials x  t   a0  a1t  ...  an 1t n 1 in t of degree less than n ,
such that x  0   0 and x 1  1 . This set
(a) constitutes a vector space of dimension n

(b) constitutes a vector space of dimension n  1
(c) constitutes a vector space of dimension n  2
(d) does not constitute a vector space
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Q25. Consider black body radiation in thermal equilibrium contained in a two-dimensional box.
The dependence of the energy density on the temperature T is
(a) T 3 (b) T (c) T 2 (d) T 4
Q26. The energy eigenvalues of a particle of mass m , confined to a rigid one-dimensional box
of width L , are En  n  1, 2,... . If the walls of the box are moved very slowly toward
dE2
each other, the rate of change of time-dependent energy of the first excited state is
dt
E2 dL 2 E2 dL 2 E2 dL E1 dL
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 
L dt L dt L dt L dt
Q27. A ball, initially at rest, is dropped from a height h above the floor bounces again and
again vertically. If the coefficient of restitution between the ball and the floor is 0.5 , the
total distance traveled by the ball before it comes to rest is
8h 5h
(a) (b) (c) 3h (d) 2h
3 3
1
Q28. Two spin fermions of mass m are confined to move in a one-dimensional infinite
2
potential well of width L . If the particles are known to be in a spin triplet state, the
 2 2
ground state energy of the system (in units of ) is
2mL2
(a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
Q29. The figure below shows a 2-bit simultaneous analog-to-digital (A/D) converter operating
in the voltage range 0 to V0 . The output of the comparators are C1 , C2 and C3 with the
reference inputs V0 / 4, V0 / 2 and 3V0 / 4 , respectively. The logic expression for the
output corresponding to the less significant bit is
(a) C1C2C3 Coding
3V0 C3 network
(b) C2C3  C1 Analog 4 +
1st bit
Input Read
V0
(c) C1C2  C3 C2 Gates
2 + 2 nd bit
(d) C2 C3  C2 V0 Flipflops
C1
4
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Q30. The yz - plane at x  0 carries a uniform surface charge density  . A unit point charge
is moved from a point  , 0, 0  on one side of the plane to a point   , 0, 0  on the other
side. If  is an infinitesimally small positive number, the work done in moving the
charge is
  2
(a) 0 (b)  (c)   (d) 
0 0 0
Q31. A circular conducting wire loop is placed close to a solenoid as shown in the figure below.
Also shown is the current through the solenoid as a function of time.
Input current is  t 
t
The magnitude i  t  of the induced current in the wire loop, as a function of time t , is
best represented as
i t  i t 
(a) (b)
t t
i t  i t 
(c) (d)
t t
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Q32. A mole of gas at initial temperature Ti comes into contact with a heat reservoir at
temperature T f and the system is allowed to reach equilibrium at constant volume. If the
specific heat of the gas is CV   T , where  is a constant, the total change in entropy is

(b)  T f  Ti   T  Ti 
2
(a) zero f
2T f

(c)  T f  Ti  (d)  T f  Ti   T f
2
 Ti 2 
2T f
Q33. An ideal Carnot engine extracts 100 J from a heat source and dumps 40 J to a heat sink
at 300 K . The temperature of the heat source is
(a) 600 K (b) 700 K (c) 750 K (d) 650 K
Q34. A block of mass m , attached to a spring, oscillates horizontally on a surface. The
coefficient of friction between the block and the surface is  . Which of the following
trajectories best describes the motion of the block in the phase space ( xp x -plane)?
k m
px px
(a) x (b) x
px px
(c) x (d)
x
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 1
Q35. Let C be the circle of radius centered at z  in the complex z -plane that is
4 4
z2
traversed counter-clockwise. The value of the contour integral  2
C sin 4 z
dz is
i 2 i 2 i
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
4 16 4
Q36. If the rank of an n  n matrix A is m , where m and n are positive integers with
1  m  n , then the rank of the matrix A2 is
(a) m (b) m  1 (c) 2m (d) m  2
Q37. A particle of mass m is confined to a box of unit length in one dimension. It is described
8
by the wavefunction   x   sin  x 1  cos  x  for 0  x  1 and zero outside this
5
interval. The expectation value of energy in this state is
4 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 8 2 2
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
3m 5m 5m 5m
Q38. In the circuit below, D is an ideal diode, the source voltage VS  V0 sin t is a unit
amplitude sine wave and RS  RL

RS
D
VS RL VL
The average output voltage, VL , across the load resistor RL is
1 3
(a) V0 (b) V0 (c) 3V0 (d) V0
2 2
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Q39. The normalized wavefunction of a particle in three dimensions is given by
  x, y, z   N z exp  a  x 2  y 2  z 2  
where a is a positive constant and N is a normalization constant. If L is the angular

momentum operator, the eigenvalues of L2 and Lz , respectively, are
3 2 1
(a) 2 2 and  (b)  2 and 0 (c) 2 2 and 0 (d)  and 
4 2

Q40. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is E  iˆ 2 sin  kz  t  Vm 1 . The average
flow of energy per unit area per unit time, due to this wave, is
(a) 27 10 4 W / m 2 (b) 27 10 4 W / m 2
(c) 27 10 2 W / m 2 (d) 27 10 2 W / m 2
Q41. The energies available to a three state system are 0, E and 2 E , where E  0 . Which of
the following graphs best represents the temperature dependence of the specific heat?
CV CV
(a) (b)
0 T 0 T
CV CV
(c) (d)
0 T 0 T
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Q42.  
The values of a and b for which the force F  axy  z 3 iˆ  x 2 ˆj  bxz 2 kˆ is conservative
are
(a) a  2, b  3 (b) a  1, b  3 (c) a  2, b  6 (d) a  3, b  2
Q43. A positively charged particle is placed at the origin (with zero initial velocity) in the
presence of a constant electric and a constant magnetic field along the positive z and
x -directions, respectively. At large times, the overall motion of the particle is adrift
along the
(a) positive y - direction (b) negative z - direction
(c) positive z - direction (d) negative y - direction
Q44. A box contains 5 white and 4 black balls. Two balls are picked together at random from
the box. What is the probability that these two balls are of different colours?
1 5 1 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 18 3 9
Q45. Which of the following terms, when added to the Lagrangian L  x, y, x , y  of a system
with two degrees of freedom will not change the equations of motion?
(a) xx  yy (b) xy  yx (c) xy  yx (d) yx 2  xy 2
(check question )
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PART C
Q46. The outermost shell of an atom of an element is 3d 3 . The spectral symbol for the ground
state is
(a) 4F3/ 2 (b) 4 F9 / 2 (c) 4 D7 / 2 (d) 4 D1/ 2
Q47. In a spectrum resulting from Raman scattering, let I R denote the intensity of Rayleigh
scattering and I S and I AS denote the most intense Stokes line and the most intense anti-
Stokes line, respectively. The correct order of these intensities is
(a) I S  I R  I AS (b) I R  I S  I AS (c) I AS  I R  I S (d) I R  I AS  I S
Q48. A particle hops randomly from a site to its nearest neighbour in each step on a square
lattice of unit lattice constant. The probability of hopping to the positive x -direction is
0.3 , to the negative x -direction is 0.2 , to the positive y -direction is 0.2 and to the
negative y -direction is 0.3 . If a particle starts from the origin, its mean position after N
steps is
(a)
1
10

N iˆ  ˆj  (b)
1
10

N iˆ  ˆj  
(c) N 0.3iˆ  0.2 ˆj  
(d) N 0.2iˆ  0.3 ˆj 
Q49. Let x̂ and p̂ denote position and momentum operators obeying the commutation relation
 xˆ, pˆ   i . If x denotes an eigenstate of x̂ corresponding to the eigenvalue x , then
e iapˆ /  x is
(a) an eigenstate of x̂ corresponding to the eigenvalue x

(b) an eigenstate of x̂ corresponding to the eigenvalue  x  a
(c) an eigenstate of x̂ corresponding to the eigenvalue  x  a
(d) not an eigenstate of x̂
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Q50. The strong nuclear force between a neutron and a proton in a zero orbital angular
momentum state is denoted by Fnp  r  , where r is the separation between them. Similarly,
Fnn  r  and Fpp  r  denote the forces between a pair of neutrons and protons,
respectively, in zero orbital momentum state. Which of the following is true on average if
the inter-nucleon distance is 0.2 fm  r  2 fm ?
(a) Fnp is attractive for triplet spin state, and Fnn , Fpp are always repulsive
(b) Fnn and Fnp are always attractive and Fpp is repulsive in the triplet spin state
(c) Fpp and Fnp are always attractive and Fnn is always repulsive
(d) All three forces are always attractive

Q51. The Hall coefficient for a semiconductor having both types of carriers is given as
p  p2  n n2
RH 
e  p  p  n n 
2
where p and n are the carrier densities of the holes and electrons,  p and  n are their
respective mobilities. For a p - type semiconductor in which the mobility of holes is less
than that of electrons, which of the following graphs best describes the variation of the
Hall coefficient with temperature?
RH RH
(a) (b)
RH  0 T
RH  0 T
RH RH
(c) (d)
RH  0 RH  0 T
T
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Q52. The generator of the infinitesimal canonical transformation q  q  1  q and
p  p  1  p is
(a) q  p (b) qp (c)

2

1 2
q  p2  (d)
2

1 2
q  p2 
Q53. Assume that the noise spectral density, at any given frequency, in a current amplifier is
independent of frequency. The bandwidth of measurement is changed from 1 Hz to
10 Hz . The ratio A / B of the RMS noise current before  A and after  B the
bandwidth modification is
(a) 1/10 (b) 1/ 10 (c) 10 (d) 10
4 1 4 2 2
(a) and (b) and (c) 2 and (d) 2 and 1
3 3 3 3 3
Q55. For a crystal, let  denote the energy required to create a pair of vacancy and interstitial
defects. If n pairs of such defects are formed, and n  N , N  , where N and N  are
respectively, the total number of lattice and interstitial sites, then n is approximately
(a) NN e /  2 kBT  (b) NN e  /  kBT 
1 1
(c)  N  N   e  /  2 k B T  (d)  N  N   e  /  k BT 
2 2
Q56. In the circuit diagram of a band pass filter shown below, R  10 k  .
R1 RF R1 RF
Input R Output
C1 C2
R
In order to get a lower cut-off frequency of 150 Hz and an upper cut-off frequency of
10kHz , the appropriate values of C1 and C2 respectively are
(a) 0.1  F and 1.5nF (b) 0.3  F and 5.0nF

(c) 1.5 nF and 0.1 F (d) 5.0 nF and 0.3 F
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Q57. The Bethe-Weizsacker formula for the binding energy (in MeV) of a nucleus of atomic
number Z and mass number A is
Z  Z  1  A  2Z 
2
15.8 A  18.3 A 2/3

 0.714 1/ 3
 23.2
A A
The ratio Z / A for the most stable isobar of a A  64 nucleus, is nearest to
(a) 0.30 (b) 0.35 (c) 0.45 (d) 0.50
Q58. The phase difference between two small oscillating electric dipoles, separated by a
distance d , is  . If the wavelength of the radiation is  , the condition for constructive
interference between the two dipolar radiations at a point P when r  d (symbols are as
shown in the figure and n is an integer) is
P
r

O
d
 1
(a) d sin    n    (b) d sin   n
 2
 1
(c) d cos   n (d) d cos    n   
 2
Q59. The Hamiltonian of two particles, each of mass m , is
p12 p22  1 
H  q1 , p1 ; q2 , p2     k  q12  q22  q1q2  , where k  0 is a constant. The value
2m 2m  4 
of the partition function
   
Z     dq1  dp1  dq2  dp2 e   H  q1 , p1 ;q2 , p2  is
   
2m 2 16 2m 2 15 2m 2 63 2m 2 64

(a) (b) (c) (d)
k  2 15 k  2 16 k 2 64 k 2 63
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Q60. In the AC Josephson effect, a supercurrent flows across two superconductors separated
by a thin insulating layer and kept at an electric potential difference V . The angular
frequency of the resultant supercurrent is given by
2eV eV eV eV
(a) (b) (c) (d)
   2 
Q61. A negative muon, which has a mass nearly 200 times that of an electron, replaces an
electron in a Li atom. The lowest ionization energy for the muonic Li atom is
approximately
(a) the same as that of He
(b) the same as that of normal Li
(c) 200 times larger than that of normal Li
(d) the same as that of normal Be
Q62. The wavefunction of a particle of mass m , constrained to move on a circle of unit radius
centered at the origin in the xy - plane, is described by     A cos 2  , where  is the
azimuthal angle. All the possible outcomes of measurements of the z - component of the
angular momentum Lz in this state, in units of  are
(a) 1 and 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2 and 0

Q63. An alternating current I  t   I 0 cos t  flows through a circular wire loop of radius R ,
 
lying in the xy -plane, and centered at the origin. The electric field E  r , t  and the
   c  
magnetic field B  r , t  are measured at a point r such that r   R , where r  r .

Which one of the following statements is correct?
  1
(a) The time-averaged E  r , t   2
r
 
(b) The time-averaged E  r , t    2
 
(c) The time-averaged B  r , t  as a function of the polar angle  has a minimum at


2
 
(d) B  r , t  is along the azimuthal direction
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Q64. The positive zero of the polynomial f  x   x 2  4 is determined using Newton-Raphson
method, using initial guess x  1 . Let the estimate, after two iterations, be x  2 . The
x  2  2
percentage error  100% is
2
(a) 7.5% (b) 5.0% (c) 1.0% (d) 2.5%

Q65. Which of the following decay processes is allowed?
(a) K 0       (b)    e   
(c) n  p    (d) n      
Q66. A metallic wave guide of square cross-section of side L is excited by an electromagnetic
wave of wave-number k . The group velocity of the TE11 mode is
ckL c
(a) (b) k 2 L2  2 2
k 2 L2   2 kL
c ckL
(c) k 2 L2   2 (d)
kL k L  2 2
2 2
Q67. A parallel plate capacitor with 1 cm separation between the plates has two layers of
dielectric with dielectric constants   2 and   4 , as shown in the figure below. If a
potential difference of 10V is applied between the plates, the magnitude of the bound
surface charge density (in units of C / m 2 ) at the junction of the dielectrics is

10V
 2
1cm
 4
(a) 250  0 (b) 2000 0 3 (c) 2000  0 (d) 200 0 3
Q68. The Hamiltonian of a system with two degrees of freedom is H  q1 p1  q2 p2  aq12 ,
where a  0 is a constant. The function q1q2   p1 p2 is a constant of motion only if  is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c)  a (d) a
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Q69. The function f  t  is a periodic function of period 2 . In the range   ,   , it equals
 
  2
e t . If f  t   c e int denotes its Fourier series expansion, the sum
 n
c
 n
is
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) cosh  2  (d) sinh  2 
2 2 2
Q70. The fixed points of the time evolution of a one-variable dynamical system described by
yt 1  1  2 yt2 are 0.5 and 1 . The fixed points 0.5 and 1 are
(a) both stable (b) both unstable
(c) unstable and stable, respectively (d) stable and unstable, respectively
Q71. Following a nuclear explosion, a shock wave propagates radially outwards. Let E be the
energy released in the explosion and  be the mass density of the ambient air. Ignoring
the temperature of the ambient air, using dimensional analysis, the functional dependence
of the radius R of the shock front on E ,  and the time t is
1/ 5
 Et 2    
1/ 5
Et 2
(a)   (b)  2  (c) (d) E  t 2
    Et  
Q72. The pressure p of a gas depends on the number density  of particles and the
temperature T as p  k BT   B2  2  B3  3 where B2 and B3 are positive constants. Let
Tc ,  c and pc denote the critical temperature, critical number density and critical
pressure, respectively. The ratio  c k BTc / pc is equal to
1 8
(a) (b) 3 (c) (d) 4
3 3
Q73. The mean kinetic energy per atom in a sodium vapour lamp is 0.33 eV . Given that the
mass of sodium is approximately 22.5 109 eV , the ratio of the Doppler width of an
optical line to its central frequency is
(a) 7 10 7 (b) 6 10 6 (c) 5  10 5 (d) 4 10 4
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Q74. In a collector feedback circuit shown in the figure below, the base emitter voltage
IC
VBE  0.7V and current gain    100 for the transistor
IB
VCC  20.7 V
IC
500 k 5k
Output
Input
IB
The value of the base current I B is
(a) 20  A (b) 40  A (c) 10  A (d) 100  A

Q75. For T much less than the Debye temperature of copper, the temperature dependence of
the specific heat at constant volume of copper, is given by (in the following a and b are
positive constants)
 a 
(a) aT 3 (b) aT  bT 3 (c) aT 2  bT 3 (d) exp   
 k BT 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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fiziks

(b) 1/ 4  (c)  3 / 4  (d)  3 / 4 

Q7. An ice cube of volume 10 cm 3 is floating over a glass of water of 10 cm 2 cross-section

(a) Region A uses maximum water per kg of rice

37.5 lakh liters 30

such that x  0   0 and x 1  1 . This set

(a) constitutes a vector space of dimension n

amplitude sine wave and RS  RL

The average output voltage, VL , across the load resistor RL is

where a is a positive constant and N is a normalization constant. If L is the angular

(c) 27 10 2 W / m 2 (d) 27 10 2 W / m 2

 xˆ, pˆ   i . If x denotes an eigenstate of x̂ corresponding to the eigenvalue x , then

(a) an eigenstate of x̂ corresponding to the eigenvalue x

(d) All three forces are always attractive

(a) q  p (b) qp (c)

(a) 0.1  F and 1.5nF (b) 0.3  F and 5.0nF

15.8 A  18.3 A 2/3

2m 2 16 2m 2 15 2m 2 63 2m 2 64

(a) 1 and 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2 and 0

(a) 7.5% (b) 5.0% (c) 1.0% (d) 2.5%

surface charge density (in units of C / m 2 ) at the junction of the dielectrics is

(a) 250  0 (b) 2000 0 3 (c) 2000  0 (d) 200 0 3

Q68. The Hamiltonian of a system with two degrees of freedom is H  q1 p1  q2 p2  aq12 ,

where a  0 is a constant. The function q1q2   p1 p2 is a constant of motion only if  is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c)  a (d) a

temperature T as p  k BT   B2  2  B3  3 where B2 and B3 are positive constants. Let

pressure, respectively. The ratio  c k BTc / pc is equal to

The value of the base current I B is

(a) 20  A (b) 40  A (c) 10  A (d) 100  A

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