Exp. No: - 1 Date: Watt Governor

Exp.
No: - 1
Date :
WATT GOVERNOR
Aim:
To conduct an experiment on the Watts’ governor set up and to plot the following graphs.
1. Sleeve displacement Vs Speed
2. Force Vs Radius of rotation
Apparatus Required: Tachometer, Scale
Description: The drive unit consists of a small DC electric motor connected through belt
and pulley arrangement. Motor and Test set up are mounted on a MS fabricated stand. The
governor spindle is driven by motor through V belt and is supported in a ball bearing.
The optional governor mechanism can be mounted on spindle. The electronic
control unit controls speed, an extension to the spindle shaft allows the use of a hand
tachometer to determine the speed. A graduated scale is fixed to the sleeve and guided in
vertical direction.
Theory: The function of a governor is to regulate the mean speed of an engine, when there
are variations in the load e.g. when the load on an engine increases, its speed decreases;
therefore it becomes necessary to increase the supply of working fluid. On the other hand,
when the load on the engine controls the supply of working fluid to the engine with varying
load conditions and keeps the mean speed within certain limits.
When the load increases, the configuration of the governor changes and a valve is moved
increase the working fluid, conversely, when the load decreases, the engine speed
increases and the governor decreases the supply of working fluid.
Types of Governors :
Governors may, broadly be classified as
1. Centrifugal governor
2. Inertial governor
The centrifugal governors, may further be classified as follows:
Centrifugal governor
Pendulum type Loaded type
Dead Weight Governor Spring controlled governor
Porter governor Proell governor
Hartnell governor Hartung governor Wilson-Hartnel Pickering governor

Governor
1. Height of governor: The axes of the arms intersect the spindle axis. It is usually
denoted by h.
2. Equilibrium speed: It is the speed at which the governor balls, arms etc., are in
complete equilibrium and the sleeve does not tend to move upwards or downwards.
3. Mean equilibrium speed: It is the speed at the mean position of the balls or the
sleeve.
4. Maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds: The speeds at the maximum and
minimum radius of rotation of the balls, without tending to move either way are known
as maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds respectively.
5. Sleeve lift: It is the vertical distance, which the sleeve travels due to change in
equilibrium speed.
Ball
Bell crank lever

Sleeve
(free to slide) -------- i
Stop
Watt governor:
The simplest form of a centrifugal governor is a Watt governor shown in fig. It is basically a
conical pendulum with links attached to a sleeve of negligible mass. The arms of the
governor may be connected to the spindle in the following three ways:
1. The pivot P may be on the spindle axis as shown in figure.

2. The pivot P may be offset form the spindle axis and the arms when produced
intersect at another point on the spindle axis.
Procedure:
1. Make the proper connections of the motor to the governor.
2. Increase the motor speed gradually by using regulator.
3. Take sleeve displacement reading when the pointer remains at steady state.
4. Note down the speed of the governor for different sleeve displacements by using
Tachometer.
5. Determine the force and radius of rotations for each and every reading. Repeat the
experiment and take minimum six readings and tabulate the readings.
Specifications:
Initial height of the Governor h0 = 80 mm
Length of each link (l) = 127 mm
Mass of the each ball ‘ m’ = 0.5 kg
Mass of the sleeve Ms = 2.1 kg.
Formulae:
Height of the Governor (h) = h0 – x /2
Radius of rotation (r) = a

Where a = Eccentric position = 47mm
2 N
Angular speed (  ) =
60
Force (F) = m (  2 r) N
Graphs:
Sleeve displacement Vs Speed
Force Vs Radius of rotation

Tabulation :-
Angular Radius of
Displacement Speed Height ‘h’ Force ‘F’
S. No Speed ‘  ’ rotation
‘x’ (mm) (rpm) (mm) (N)
(rad/s) (mm)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Result:
Inference:
Signature:
Date :

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Exp. No: - 1 Date: Watt Governor

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Exp.

Apparatus Required: Tachometer, Scale

Pendulum type Loaded type

Dead Weight Governor Spring controlled governor

Porter governor Proell governor

Hartnell governor Hartung governor Wilson-Hartnel Pickering governor

Bell crank lever

1. The pivot P may be on the spindle axis as shown in figure.

Radius of rotation (r) = a

Force Vs Radius of rotation

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