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Discussion PPT - Correlation&Regression

The document discusses correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis. Correlation analysis examines the relationship between two variables, the independent and dependent variables. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) determines the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the variables. Simple linear regression analysis develops an equation to describe the relationship between the variables in the form of y = a + bx, where a is the y-intercept, b is the slope, and x and y are the independent and dependent variables respectively. The values of a and b can be calculated using the formulas provided. An example using students' grades in mathematics and English is presented to illustrate these statistical analyses.

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Sindac, Maria Celiamel Gabrielle C.
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172 views

Discussion PPT - Correlation&Regression

The document discusses correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis. Correlation analysis examines the relationship between two variables, the independent and dependent variables. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) determines the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the variables. Simple linear regression analysis develops an equation to describe the relationship between the variables in the form of y = a + bx, where a is the y-intercept, b is the slope, and x and y are the independent and dependent variables respectively. The values of a and b can be calculated using the formulas provided. An example using students' grades in mathematics and English is presented to illustrate these statistical analyses.

Uploaded by

Sindac, Maria Celiamel Gabrielle C.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Correlation Analysis

&
Simple Linear Regression Analysis
What is Correlation Analysis?
-It is the study of the relationship between an independent
and dependent variable

Correlation coefficient (r)- used to determine the strength of


a linear relationship between two variables
Example:
Age and Academic performance
Height and weight
The Pearson’s moment correlation coefficient can be
computed by:
[𝑛 σ 𝑥𝑦−σ 𝑥 σ 𝑦)
𝑟=
(𝑛 σ 𝑥 2 − σ 𝑥 2 )(𝑛 σ 𝑦 2 − σ 𝑦 2 )

Where r= Pearson’s moment correlation coefficient;


𝑥= independent variable
𝑦= dependent variable
Interpreting Pearson r
Value ranges from -1 to +1
Perfect positive correlation if r= +1;
Strong positive correlation if r is closer to +1;
No linear correlation if r=0;
Strong negative correlation of r is closer to -1; or
Perfect negative correlation if r=-1
Scatter plot- visual presentation of the relationship between two
variables

http://www.shelovesmath.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Correlation-Graphs.png?x39417
Example:
A student would like to know if there is a relationship between the grades of
students in Mathematics and in English. She was able to compare the grades of
10 students. What can you conclude from the given?

Grade in Mathematics (x) Grade in English (y)


75 82
80 78
93 86
65 72
87 91
71 80
98 95
68 72
84 89
77 74
𝑛 σ 𝑥𝑦 − σ 𝑥 σ 𝑦
𝑟=
Grade in Grade in (𝑛 σ 𝑥2 − σ 𝑥 2) (𝑛 σ 𝑦2 − σ 𝑦 2)
Mathematics English (y)
(x)
75 82 6150 5625 8724

80 78 6240 6400 6084

93 86 7998 8649 7396

65 72 4680 4225 5184

87 91 7917 3569 8281

71 80 5680 5041 6400

98 95 9310 9604 9025

68 72 4896 4624 5184

84 89 7476 7056 7921

77 74 5698 5929 5476

798 819 66045 64722 67675


Scatter Plot/ Diagram
100

90

80

70
GRADE IN ENGLISH

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
GRADES IN MATHEMATICS
Simple linear regression analysis – to develop
an equation to describe the relationship
between variables

Before using simple linear regression analysis, a linear


relationship between the variables must be
established first.
A regression or prediction line, given by the formula:
𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥
Where y=predicted value of the dependent variable
𝑎= intercept of the regression line
𝑏=slope of the regression line
𝑥=value of the independent variable.

The values for 𝑎 and 𝑏 could be computed by:


σ 𝑦 σ 𝑥 2 − σ 𝑥 σ 𝑥𝑦
𝑎=
𝑛 σ 𝑥2 − σ 𝑥 2
𝑛 σ 𝑥𝑦 − σ 𝑥 σ 𝑦
𝑏=
𝑛 σ 𝑥2 − σ 𝑥 2
Using the previous example on the
grades of students in Mathematics and
English, formulate a regression line to
describe the relationship of the variables
σ 𝑦 σ 𝑥2 − σ 𝑥 σ 𝑥𝑦 𝑛 σ 𝑥𝑦 − σ 𝑥 σ 𝑦
𝑎= 𝑏= 2 2
𝑛 σ 𝑥2 − σ 𝑥 2 σ
𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥 σ
Substituting the computed values to the
regression line y= 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥

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