Sizing Optimization of Grid-Connected Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Systems: State of Art Review and Perspectives
Sizing Optimization of Grid-Connected Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Systems: State of Art Review and Perspectives
Sizing Optimization of Grid-Connected Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Systems: State of Art Review and Perspectives
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(Received 10 January 2021; revised manuscript received 15 June 2021; published online 25 June 2021)
Renewable energy systems are the major components of the strategy to reduce global warming. Hybrid
systems using a combination of solar and wind energy are commonly used in remote areas; they have the
advantage of reliability and stability. A hybrid energy system includes more than one energy source to cover
an electrical load. Energy sources can be renewable as well as conventional. It can either be standalone or
grid-connected. When a hybrid energy system includes solar or wind energy, it is important to add an auxil-
iary source of energy (coming from battery banks, diesel generator, or utility grid) so as to reduce energy
cost and ensure system’s reliability. Optimization sizing is one of the most important issues in this type of
systems. In this regards much research has been done. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of dif-
ferent criteria and methods utilized in current literature to find the optimal sizing of grid-connected hybrid
PV-wind energy systems. This work concludes with promising techniques for future use in this field.
Keywords: Renewable energy, Hybrid PV-wind energy system, Grid-connected, Optimal sizing, State of art.
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SIZING OPTIMIZATION OF GRID-CONNECTED HYBRID … J. NANO- ELECTRON. PHYS. 13, 03006 (2021)
4.2.4 Iterative Technique From what is above and Table 2, it can be concluded
that artificial intelligence and hybrid techniques pro-
Paper [22] presents an algorithm developed for vide the maximum flexibility among the other sizing
standalone and grid connected mode where an energy optimization techniques.
filter is applied to smooth out the fluctuation of power
injected in to the grid. Iterative optimization technique 5. PROMISING TECHNIQUES FOR FUTURE
requires more computational efforts and usually some USE IN GRID-CONNECTED HYBRID
parameters are not optimized in most of studies availa- PV-WIND ENERGY
ble in literature.
Several artificial intelligence techniques inspired by
4.2.5 Artificial Intelligence Techniques nature are formulated recently. Some of these tech-
niques can be used in optimizing grid connected hybrid
Genetic Algorithm (GA); is an algorithm inspired by PV-wind size.
natural evolution, it can solve problems with multiple
solutions, a number of references have used the GA for 5.1 Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA)
optimizing the design of PV-wind systems. [23] pro-
posed an optimal sizing of a PV-wind-diesel-battery Ant colony algorithm is inspired by foraging behav-
system using GA. The decision variables were the PV ior of ant colonies. It has success-fully used in many
array capacity, wind turbine number, battery bank optimization problems. In [27], a PV-wind system de-
number and diesel generator rated power. sign was optimized using ant colony algorithm, the
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO); inspired by objective function was the total design cost.
bird and fish movement behavior. Reference [24] used a
particle swarm optimization for energy management 5.2 Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC)
strategy, as a conclusion, it is funded that the PSO
technique has fast convergence time com-pared to se- ABC is a metaheuristic algorithm based on the in-
quential quadratic programming. telligent foraging behaviors of honey bees. [28] used
Simulated Annealing (SA); which is inspired by ma- ABC algorithm to optimally size a hybrid energy sys-
terial annealing processing, it is a robust technique tem based on PV panels, wind turbines and fuel cell.
used in optimal sizing of energy systems. The paper The objective function was the total annual cost. The
[25] used a SA algorithm for sizing a PV-wind-battery maximum allowable loss of power supply probability
system. The decision variables were PV size, wind tur- (LPSPmax) was also considered.
bine rotor swept area and the battery capacity.
5.3 Harmony Search Algorithm (HAS)
4.2.6 Hybrid Techniques Harmony search algorithm is one of population-
Hybrid techniques combine two or more different based optimization algorithm that is used with a varie-
methods. Since most of the sizing problems have multi- ty of meta-heuristic optimization techniques. In [29],
objective nature, implementation of hybrid method is the Harmony Search, Jaya and Particle Swarm optimi-
the best solution. However, these a deep understanding zation algorithms are used in order to size a wind-
of all the techniques is needed. Photovoltaic-Biomass-Battery hybrid energy system
In [26], authors presented a hybrid simulated an- with the objective of cost-effectively, efficiently and
nealing-tabu search (SA-TS) which improves the quality reliably meeting the electricity demand. There are
and convergence of the solutions, compared to the those many others optimization techniques that seem promis-
provided by an individual SA or individual TS methods. ing to face complexity of PV-wind hybrid systems. The
selection of the suitable method depends on the type of
Table 2 – Optimization techniques utilized for hybrid PV- inputs parameters, objective functions and constraints.
wind energy systems sizing and their limitations
6. FUTURE PROSPECTS
Optimization
Limitation
techniques The techniques mentioned in the previous section
Some parameters (PV module are increasingly used in hybrid energy systems sizing.
slope angle and the wind tur- Therefore, it is recommended to use them in grid-
Graphic techniques bine installation height) are connected PV-wind energy systems, they may provide
not taken into account in the promising optimal sizes. Little research considers the
optimization environmental impact in sizing optimization problems
Unable to represent the dy- for grid-connected hybrid energy systems. Therefore, it
Probabilistic
namic performance of the should be given more attention in the future. In grid-
techniques
hybrid energy system connected PV-wind energy systems there are several
Analytical Less flexible in designing of issues related to the interaction with the grid such as
techniques the system electricity prices fluctuating and grid codes require-
Some parameters are not ments, these issues can be addressed in future research.
Iterative techniques
optimized
Artificial intelligence 7. CONCLUSIONS
Complex solving process
techniques
From this state of art review, it can be observed that
Hybrid techniques Complex solving process
hybrid PV-wind energy is a good option to integrate
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W. AHOUAR, L. BOUSSELAMTI, M. LABBADI ET. AL J. NANO- ELECTRON. PHYS. 13, 03006 (2021)
alternative energy sources in the process of electrical to be taking into consideration such as reducing harmful
power generation. In the majority of the available works emissions, electricity prices fluctuating and grid codes
related to grid-connected PV-wind, the objective design requirements. Future research can be about application
functions are the cost and the reliability of the system. of evolutionary algorithms for a multi-objective optimiza-
However, for this type of systems, too many aspects are tion of grid-connected hybrid PV-wind energy systems.
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Ключові слова: Відновлювана енергія, Гібридна система, Підключений до мережі, Оптимальні роз-
міри, Сучасний рівень розвитку.
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