Lesson 1 Oral Communication in Context

Basic Education Department
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

Lucena City, Philippines
LESSON 1
Nature and Elements of Communication

👓 OVERVIEW
From the moment you wake up to the minutes before you shut your eyes to
sleep, you interact with people around you however near or far they are. May it be
having a chitchat with your seatmates, sending emojis or gifs to your squad through
chatting, exchanging smiles with your crush, videocalling your relatives from abroad,
tweeting inspirational quotes, or even a slight nod of approval from your boss. All of
those tasks are called communicating and it plays a vital role in our lives. It is inevitable
and you acing this semester requires you to hone your communicative skills. On this
lesson, we are going start exploring the building blocks of communication and how it will
help you to overcome your fears and struggles even without leaving the safety of your
own home.
🗹 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

1. explains the functions nature and process of communication (EN11/12OC-Ia-2);
2. differentiates the various models of communication (EN11/12OC-Ia-3); and
3. uses various strategies in order to avoid communication breakdown
(EN11/12OC-Ia-6).
🗹 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. define and formulate their own definition of communication;
2. identify the elements of communication;
3. examine the process of communication;
4. analyze the different models of communication;
5. identify the verbal and non-verbal cues of communication; and
6. practice and explain the do’s and don’ts of communicating effectively.
Dustin Cage D. Macaraan
Year 2020
🖉 PRE-TEST
Directions: Read the questions properly, choose the letter of the correct answer and
write it on the blanks provided before each item.
__________ 1.) Communication comes from the Latin word communicare which means:
A. "to act" B. "to care" C. "to impart" D. "to talk"
__________ 2.) Idea, concept, emotion, desire, or feeling that a person wants to share
with another person.
A. conversation B. letter C. message D. topic .
__________ 3.) It is the receiver's response to the message he received.
A. answer B. feedback C. reply D. response
__________ 4.) The following are examples of verbal communication, except:
A. chatting B. emojis C. rapping. D. reading
__________ 5.) Who is the Greek philosopher who created one of the earliest recorded
communication models?
A. Aristotle B. Plato C. Pythagoras D. Socrates
🕭 BUILD ME UP, BUTTERCUP! (Priming)

I. A Little Birdie Told Me…
Communication is power - Tony Robbins
We are all currently living during a global crisis. There is a pandemic going on,
hate crimes are still rampant, and authorities abusing their power. We can't help but to
feel angry, hopeless, and depressed with this situation. We often feel alone or excluded.
However, we are not helpless. With the help of social media and the internet, we
get through and virtually lend a hand to those who are in desperate need. With a simple
click, a divided nation becomes one.
If you are given a chance to "tweet" something to spark inspiration among our
kababayans, what would it be? Write your answer on the tweet composer:
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II. Werq the WORD
What words come in your mind every time you hear/read the word,
“COMMUNICATION”? Think of as many you can then create your own word cloud like
the example below:
Photo taken from:

https://www.google.com/search?q=school+word+cloud&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiBkJ7Z4PTqAhVZwIsBHc1DC6QQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=school+word
+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BAgjECc6BQgAELEDOgcIABCxAxBDU
OfQDli34Q5gi_AOaABwAHgBgAGyBYgBwSCSAQsxLjEuMC41LjIuMpgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=S58iX8G-JdmAr7wP
zYetoAo&bih=608&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=qp5BVzbOjIVQgM

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🕮 GRIND THIS, (Processing)

Definition of Communication
No man is an island according to John Donne. No one will be able to survive a
life without building a connection with someone else and in order to do that, we must be
able to communicate. Imagine a life not communicating with your family and friends.
Hard isn't it?
The word communication comes from the Latin word communicare which means
"to impart." In that sense, communication can be defined as imparting or sharing
messages between people in order to express their needs, desires, aspirations, goals,
ideas, and all various kinds of information. It can also be defined as a process of
sending and receiving messages to achieve understanding.
🖎 LET’S GET IT ON, LEBRON! (Exercises)
I. A Wise Communicator Once Said…
I.I. Directions: Formulate your own definition of communication by using the words you
associated with it in the priming stage (Build me up, Buttercup! Part II. Werq the Word,
page 4-5).
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
I.II. Directions: Explain the following quotes in at least 3 sentences.
1.) Good communication is the bridge between confusion and clarity. – Nat Turner
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2.) Communication is a tool that makes societies possible and distinguish human from
other societies. – Schramm
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3.) You cannot not communicate. – Anonymous
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Elements of Communication
What is a Pork Sinigang without pork? Who is Dr. Jose Rizal without his genius
and mighty pen? What is Titanic Film without Jack and Rose? All of those things
complete the things or person they belong to. Just like elements- they are needed for a
process to be completely functional. Before we proceed to the communication process,
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we must be able to identify first the elements of communication that complete the key
for ignition.
Let us examine the short passage below:
Photo taken from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYJWrSDdM9I
1.) Sender/speaker/source- the one who initiates the communication process; encodes
the messages and determines the code, styles, treatment to be used.
Krissy is the sender/speaker/source
2.) Message- idea, concept, emotion, desire, or feeling that a person wants to share
with another person.
Krissy’s question to Bimb about his day is the message
3.) Channel/ medium- the means by which the sender sends his message. This could
involve any of the five senses or several mediums such as book, radio, newspaper, or
television.
Bimb received the message by using his sense of hearing
4.) Receiver/listener- the recipient of the message; perceives what is being
communicated and decodes the message.
Bimb is the receiver/listener
5.) Feedback- the receiver’s response to the message they received.
Bimb’s answer to his mom’s question is the feedback.
6.) Noise- interference that keeps a message from being understood or accurately
perceived. There are three (3) different kinds of noise:
6.1.) External Noise- comes from the environment.
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6.2.) Internal Noise- occurs in the minds of the sender or receiver; thoughts or
feelings are focused on something else.
6.3.) Semantic Noise- caused by people’s emotional reaction to words
Bimb found it hard to reply because of the loud iPad. It is the noise and it is
considered as external noise.
7.) Setting- the environment in which the communication occurs.
The setting is in the kitchen after a tiring day (it can be an afternoon or night).
The Communication Process
The elements of communication listed above complete the communication

process.
As simply explained, the sender/speaker/source encodes the message then
select the medium or channel in which the message is to be communicated. The
receiver/listener decodes the message after receiving it. If the situation requires it, the
receiver/listener responds to the sender, which is called the feedback. Noise often
interferes with the communication process but it can be avoided.
Study the diagram below:

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I. Directions: Identify the elements of communication indicated in the picture below.
Write your answers on the blanks provided for you.
1.) Oprah meets Beyoncé
Photo taken from: https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/beyonce-interview-oprah-article-1.1263920
2.) The Crown Deleted Scene

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Photo taken from:

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-6177213/The-Crown-season-3-Olivia-Colman-Helena-Bonham-Carter-seen-time-set.htm
3.) The Golden Girls
Photo taken from: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/golden-girls-episode-blackface-scene-003856685.html
Answers:
1.) _________________ 6.) _________________
2.) _________________ 7.) _________________
3.) _________________ 8.) _________________
4.) _________________ 9.) _________________
5.) _________________ 10.) ________________

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II. Directions: Recall at least two (2) common interactions that you encounter every
day. Identify the elements involved in the communication process.
1.) 2.)
Scenario
Sender
Message
Channel
Receiver
Feedback
Noise
Setting
Models of Communication
Aristotle’s Model
The Aristotelian model is one of the easiest and earliest recorded communication
models. For the Greek philosopher Aristotle, communication is a one-way verbal activity
in which the speaker tries to persuade the listener. Convincing the listener completes
the process, thus making it the easiest model. The model follows a linear path of
imparting information or ideas. Study the diagram below:

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Berlo’s Model
A communication model which emphasizes the relationship between the sender

and the receiver was designed by David K. Berlo, a communication theorist. For a
communication to be successful, the message must be properly encoded and decoded.
Proper encoding or decoding is possible only if the sender or receiver respectively
possesses the qualities required of the best communicators (communication skills,
attitudes, knowledge, social system, and culture). Berlo’s model also considers two
other components of communication- the message and the channel and their
sub-components as shown in the diagram below:

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Schramm’s Model
A more complex model designed by Wibur Schramm pictures a meaning-sharing

process. It illustrates that a communication succeeds because of overlapping field of
experiences. It means that we are all able to communicate with one another because of
our similar prior experiences.
The model further discusses that a source (sender) encodes a message then its
receiver will decode the message by taking meaning from their own field of experience
that might interpret in different ways depending of the receiver’s own experiences,
understanding of the context of the message, or their psychological state.

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I. Feeling like a Model!
I.I. Directions: Using the triple Venn diagram below, point out the similar and different
characteristics of the communication models discussed.

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Verbal and Non-verbal Communication
Verbal Communication
Communicating verbally involves spoken and written words. It is divided into two
basic groups: intrapersonal and interpersonal. Intrapersonal communication occurs
within a person, that is, when a person talks to himself as in a monologue or a soliloquy.
On the other hand, interpersonal communication exists between two or among three or
more persons.
Non-verbal Communication
This type of communication devoid the use of words. It involves the use of some
body parts, as well as voice and space. An effective non-verbal communicator must
take notes from the following: facial expressions, body movement and posture,
gestures, eye contact, touch, space, and voice.
I. Verbal or Non-verbal?
I.I. Directions: Write V if the item indicates verbal communication and NV if its
non-verbal. Put your answers on the blanks provided for you.
________________ 1.) Sign Language

________________ 2.) Consulting your adviser
________________ 3.) E-mail
________________ 4.) Skyping your relatives
________________ 5.) Traffic Lights
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________________ 6.) Rapping

________________ 7.) A referee using his whistle on a ballgame
________________ 8.) Sending emojis
________________ 9.) A sign saying “keep off the grass”
________________ 10.) Listening to Glee music.
________________11.) Sending your crush playful gifs
________________ 12.) Chatting your best friend on telegram
________________ 13.) Reading Little Women
________________ 14.) A librarian shushing noisy students
________________ 15.) Braille
II. Hey, We Matter Too!

II.I. In a short paragraph (max. of 5 sentences) argue how non-verbal communication is
as important as verbal communication.

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Effective Communication Skills

Effective Listening
Whether you are the speaker or listener in a communication process, you must
take responsibility to impart/decipher the message properly to avoid any communication
breakdown. A message must be fully understood, interpreted, and properly responded.
If you want to improve your oral communication skills, you must understand that
it is not just speaking alone. Listening effectively is an essential skill that an effective
communicator must equip and identifying the barriers are the first step of improving one.
Gronbeck (1994) argues that the four (4) barriers to poor listening are as follows:
1.) Weak Extrinsic Motivation- an external motivating factor that provides satisfaction
and pleasure. If the speaker fails to provide relevant rewards for listening, the motive
becomes weak and the listeners will become passive.
2.) Personal Constraints- people’s attitudes, values, mood, beliefs, and desires that
can affect their interest to listen to the speaker.
3.) Environmental Constraints- these are external factors like humid room,
uncomfortable seats, noisy seatmates, or physical discomfort.
4.) Poor timing- refers to that “fitting moment” or the right time when a person is ready
to listen.
To be a better listener, you must:

1.) Focus. Pay 100% attention to the speaker. Eliminate or block any distractions.
2.) Be critical and inquisitive. Check for the information being shared for its accuracy.

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3.) Be open-minded and empathetic. Avoid prejudices and biases. Do not be rude if
you differ in views. Respect their point of view and experiences.
4.) Wait for the speaker to finish. Do not interrupt the speaker while they are still
talking. Do not distract them.
5.) Rethink why you are listening. Develop a purpose before engaging with someone
so you can have a clear mind while listening.
6.) Watch out for non-verbal cues. Often times a speaker will use gestures, facial
expressions, or signal to emphasize a message. Be alert and take note of those.
7.) React accordingly. Control your emotional responses. Giggling while the speaker
tells a serious and delicate matter is inappropriate. Do not show signs of being upset or
bored.
8.) Record the message. Sometimes we get too overwhelmed by what’s happening
around us that we miss and forget the important information from the speaker. If you
have no pen and paper, use a recording device like your cellphone to capture all the
details. It is important to ask the speaker’s consent first.
Effective Speaking
A communicator must always keep in mind the following practices to improve
their effectiveness as a speaker:
1.) Plan your message. Carefully craft your message to be understood easily by your
listeners. Avoid repeating yourself.
2.) Modulate your voice. A pitchy or untrained voice can result to your audience having
a hard time listening to you.
3.) Speak clearly. Do not “eat” your words. Say them slowly (but not too slow) and
clearly with the proper volume.
4.) Be considerate. Involve others in the topic. Do not dominate the conversation by
talking only about yourself.
5.) Stay focused on the conversation. Stay on the topic and avoid diverging into other
topics if you are still not done with topic forehand. Avoid any activities that will distract
you and your listener/s like checking your phone or watch.

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6.) “Read” your audience. Make sure that you are connecting to them in a convenient
way. Make sure they are comfortable and attentive. Bored listeners will not result into
something productive.

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Basic Education Department

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

Nature and Elements of Communication

🗹 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

A. "to act" B. "to care" C. "to impart" D. "to talk"

A. conversation B. letter C. message D. topic .

__________ 3.) It is the receiver's response to the message he received.

A. answer B. feedback C. reply D. response

__________ 4.) The following are examples of verbal communication, except:

A. chatting B. emojis C. rapping. D. reading

A. Aristotle B. Plato C. Pythagoras D. Socrates

🕭 BUILD ME UP, BUTTERCUP! (Priming)

Communication is power - Tony Robbins

II. Werq the WORD

Photo taken from:

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

🕮 GRIND THIS, (Processing)

🖎 LET’S GET IT ON, LEBRON! (Exercises)

I. A Wise Communicator Once Said…

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

I.II. Directions: Explain the following quotes in at least 3 sentences.

3.) You cannot not communicate. – Anonymous

🕮 GRIND THIS, (Processing)

Photo taken from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYJWrSDdM9I

The Communication Process

The elements of communication listed above complete the communication

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

🖎 LET’S GET IT ON, LEBRON! (Exercises)

1.) Oprah meets Beyoncé

Photo taken from: https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/beyonce-interview-oprah-article-1.1263920

2.) The Crown Deleted Scene

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

Photo taken from:

3.) The Golden Girls

Photo taken from: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/golden-girls-episode-blackface-scene-003856685.html

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

🕮 GRIND THIS, (Processing)

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

A communication model which emphasizes the relationship between the sender

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

A more complex model designed by Wibur Schramm pictures a meaning-sharing

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

🖎 LET’S GET IT ON, LEBRON! (Exercises)

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

🕮 GRIND THIS, (Processing)

Verbal and Non-verbal Communication

🖎 LET’S GET IT ON, LEBRON! (Exercises)

________________ 1.) Sign Language

________________ 6.) Rapping

II. Hey, We Matter Too!

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

🕮 GRIND THIS, (Processing)

Effective Communication Skills

To be a better listener, you must:

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

Dustin Cage D. Macaraan

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