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    Chapter 9

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    Prodeep
    This document provides answers to end-of-chapter questions about conduction, convection and radiation from Chapter 9. It defines key terms like conductors and insulators, and explains several examples of heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation in everyday contexts like insulating clothing, heating homes, and cooking food. Diagrams are referenced to illustrate concepts like the greenhouse effect and how convection currents work in chimneys and kettles.

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    Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    Prodeep
    29 views3 pages
    This document provides answers to end-of-chapter questions about conduction, convection and radiation from Chapter 9. It defines key terms like conductors and insulators, and explains several examples of heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation in everyday contexts like insulating clothing, heating homes, and cooking food. Diagrams are referenced to illustrate concepts like the greenhouse effect and how convection currents work in chimneys and kettles.

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    This document provides answers to end-of-chapter questions about conduction, convection and radiation from Chapter 9. It defines key terms like conductors and insulators, and explains several examples of heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation in everyday contexts like insulating clothing, heating homes, and cooking food. Diagrams are referenced to illustrate concepts like the greenhouse effect and how convection currents work in chimneys and kettles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views3 pages

    Chapter 9

    Uploaded by

    Prodeep
    This document provides answers to end-of-chapter questions about conduction, convection and radiation from Chapter 9. It defines key terms like conductors and insulators, and explains several examples of heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation in everyday contexts like insulating clothing, heating homes, and cooking food. Diagrams are referenced to illustrate concepts like the greenhouse effect and how convection currents work in chimneys and kettles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Answers to End-of-chapter questions

    for Chapter 9, Conduction, Convection and Radiation

    1. a) conduction; conductors; conductors, insulators

    b) convection; falls, rises

    c) infra-red, reflected; good, good; poor, poor

    d) radiation, conduction, convection

    2. a) Copper and aluminium are better conductors than iron, so the energy is more
    easily transferred to the food.

    b) Air is a good insulator, and the fur traps air bubbles better if worn with the fur on
    the inside.

    c) The air between the sheets of paper forms a good insulator.

    d) Fat is a good insulator.

    e) The air in the carpet makes it a better insulator, so that thermal energy is lost
    more slowly from the feet.

    f) Air is trapped between the blankets to make a good insulator.

    g) Chunks of snow contain a lot of air trapped between the snowflakes, so it


    insulates from extreme cold temperatures. Ice does not contain the same
    amount of air and conducts away the thermal energy more quickly.

    3. [See the 7 labels on the second diagram on page 43.]

    Pay-back time for the roof = 2 years

    Reason: the saving each year is £200 (£250 − £50). Insulation costs £400, so paid
    back in 2 years.

    Pay-back time for the walls = 3 years

    Reason: the saving each year is £250 (£350 − £100). Insulation costs £750, so paid
    back in 3 years.

    So he should insulate the roof first.

    4. a) Warm air is less dense than cold air, and so it rises upwards.

    b) The warm air rises up the chimney and so fresh air must enter the room to
    replace it.
    c) The smoke, like the warm air, will rise to the ceiling. So, the air near the floor is
    fresher.

    d) The hotter water rises and is replaced by colder water, which is then heated by
    the element, so eventually it is all heated. An element at the top of the kettle
    would only heat the top layer of water.

    e) The colder air falls, and is replaced by warmer air, to be cooled by the freezer,
    so eventually it is all cooled. A freezer at the bottom would only cool the bottom
    layer of air.

    f) See the diagram and explanation on page 45.

    g) See page 45; force of the upward convection current on the wings must be at
    least equal to the weight of a mass of 500 kg.

    h) See page 150 and page 377.

    5. [See page 44 and explain it step by step.]


    6. a) The shiny teapot is a poorer radiator, so it loses less thermal energy than the
    dull brown one, so it stays hotter for longer.

    b) The shiny material reflects the radiation better, so the person inside will not get
    as hot.

    c) The dull-black would absorb more of the radiation from the Sun, and the
    astronaut might over-heat.

    d) When there are clouds overhead they reflect some of the radiation that the Earth
    emits back to Earth. Whereas on a clear night the radiation is lost into space, so
    it is more likely to be frosty.

    e) The back of a refrigerator is warm (see page 56), and the fridge works better if
    this energy is lost into the room. Painting it black helps it to radiate the energy
    away.

    f) The black paper will absorb more energy from the Sun than the white paper. So,
    the black paper will melt the snow quicker and sink into the snow.

    g) Because the black soot would absorb energy from the Sun faster, it would
    increase the melting of the polar ice-caps.

    7. See the diagram and explanation on page 48.


    For the ‘greenhouse effect’, see also pages 110–111.

    8. See the diagram and explanation on page 49.

    9. a) Aluminium is a good thermal conductor, so it conducts away the thermal energy


    to keep the chip cool.

    b) The large fins help to transfer the thermal energy to the air by convection
    currents. The larger area of the fins also helps to radiate away more energy.

    c) The black surface makes it a better radiator, so it loses energy more quickly by
    radiation transfer.

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