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Grade: VII Class Work
Subject: Physics Lesson: Heat Date: 20-072021
 Heat: It is a form of energy, which makes any object hot or cold.
 Temperature: The degree of hotness of an object is called temperature.
 Our sense of touch is not reliable to measure the temperature.
 Thermometer is a device used for measuring temperatures.
 Heat is the cause of temperature.
 The normal temperature of the human body is 37°C.
 The materials which allow heat to pass through them easily are conductors of heat.
 The materials which do not allow heat to pass through them easily are called insulators.
 Clinical Thermometer: It is a thermometer used to measure the temperature of our body. It consists of
a long, narrow, uniform glass tube with a bulb containing mercury at one end. There is a kink near the
bulb. It reads a range of temperatures from 94°F to 108°F (35°C and 42°C).
 Laboratory Thermometer: It is a thermometer used to measure the temperature of objects other than
our body. It consists of a column of mercury enclosed in a glass casing. The column is continuous
without any kink. It measures a range of temperature from -10˚C to 110˚C.
 Sea Breeze: During the day, the land heats up faster than the sea. Warm air above the land rises and
cold air from sea takes its place. Warm air from the land moves towards the sea to compete the cycle.
This produces a sea breeze from the sea to the land.
 Land Breeze: At night the land cools faster than sea. The warm air above the sea rises. This warm air
is replaced by colder air from the land producing a land breeze
 Transfer of Heat: Heat flows from a hotter object to a colder object until both objects reach the same
temperature.
 The heat flows from a body at a higher temperature to a body at a lower temperature.
 There are three ways in which heat can flow from one object to another. They are:
 conduction  convection  radiation
 Conduction: It is the process by which heat is transferred from the hotter end to the colder and end of
an object.
 Convection: It is the flow of heat through a fluid from places of higher temperature to places of lower
temperature by movement of the fluid itself.
 Radiation: It is the mode of transfer of heat in which energy is directly transferred from one place to
another. It does not need any material medium.
 Dark-coloured objects absorb radiation better than the light-coloured objects. That is the reason we
feel more comfortable in light-coloured clothes in the summer.
 Woollen clothes keep us warm during winter. It is so because wool is a poor conductor of heat and it
has air trapped in between the fibres
I. Choose the correct answer from the given options :

1) Which one of the following is a reliable measure?

(a) Hotness
(b) Coldness
(c) Temperature
(d) None of these

2) Name the device which is used to measure the hotness or coldness of an object.
(a) Picometer
(b) Barometer
(c) Manometer
(d) Thermometer

3) Which one among the following is filled in the bulb of a thermometer?

(a) Mercury
(b) Lead
(c) Copper
(d) Silver

4) What is the normal temperature of a healthy person?

(a) 37°C
(b) 37°F
(c) 37 K
(d) None of these

5) Heat always flows____________________.

(a) from a colder object to a hotter object
(b) from a hotter object to a colder object
(c) in both the directions
(d) heat never flows from one object to other

6) Conduction is the method of transfer of heat in______________.

(a) liquids
(b) solids
(c) gases
(d) vacuum

7) Heat from the sun reaches to us by____________________.

(a) Radiation
(b) conduction
(c) convection
(d) all of these
8) A beggar wrapped himself with a few layers of newspaper on a cold winter night. This helped him to
keep himself warm because:
(a) friction between the layers of newspaper produces heat.
(b) air trapped between the layers of newspaper is a bad conductor of heat.
(c) newspaper is a conductor of heat.
(d) newspaper is at a higher temperature than the temperature of the surroundings.

9) A marble tile would feel cold as compared to a wooden tile on a winter morning, because the marble
tile:
(a) is a better conductor of heat than the wooden tile.
(b) is polished while wooden tile is not polished.
(c) reflects more heat than wooden tile.
(d) is a poor conductor of heat than the wooden tile.

10) Paheli and Boojho measured their body temperature. Paheli found her’s to be 98.6°F and Boojho
recorded 37°C. Which of the following statement is true?
(a) Paheli has a higher body temperature than Boojho.
(b) Paheli has a lower body temperature than Boojho.
(c) Both have normal body temperature.
(d) Both are suffering from fever.

Book Back Questions

Q.1. State similarities and differences between the laboratory thermometer and the
Clinical thermometer.
Ans.
 Similarities:
o Both thermometers consist of long narrow uniform glass tubes.
o Both have a bulb at one end.
o Both contain mercury in bulb.
o Both use Celsius scale on the glass tube.
 Differences:
o A clinical thermometer reads temperature 35°C to 45°C while the range of
laboratory thermometer is -10°C to 110°C.
o Clinical thermometer has a kink near the bulb while there is no kink in the
laboratory thermometer.
o Due to kink mercury does not fall down on its own in clinical thermometer.
Q.2. Give two examples each of conductors and insulators of heat.
Ans. Conductors—aluminium, iron.
Insulators—plastic, wood.
Q.3. Fill in the blanks:
a) The hotness of an object is determined by its temperature.
b) Temperature of boiling water cannot be measured by a clinical thermometer.
c) Temperature is measured in degree Celsius .
d) No medium is required for transfer of heat by the process of radiation.
e) A cold steel spoon is dipped in a cup of hot milk. It transfers heat to its other end by process
of conduction
f) Clothes of dark colours absorb heat better than clothes of light colours.

Q.5. Discuss why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer than wearing just
one thick piece of clothing?

Ans. More layers of clothing keep us warm in winters as they have a lot of space between them. This
space gets filled up with air. Air is a bad conductor, it does not allow the body heat to escape out.

Q.6. Look at figure 4.6. Mark where the heat is being transferred by conduction, by convection and
by radiation
Ans.
 Q.7. In places of hot climate it is advised that the outer walls of houses be painted white. Explain.

Ans. In places of hot climate it is advised that the outer wall of houses be painted white because

White colour reflects heat and the houses do not heat up too much.

Q.8. One litre of water at 30°C is mixed with one litre of water at 50°C. The temperature of the
mixture will be:

(a) 80°C (b) More than 50°C but less than 80°C
(c) 20°C (d) Between 30°C and 50°C
Ans.(d) Between 30°C and 50°C.

Q.9. An iron ball at 40°C is dropped in a mug containing water at 40°C. The heat will:

(a) flow from iron ball to water.

(b) not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron ball.
(c) flow from water to iron ball.
(d) increase the temperature of both.
Ans. (b) not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron ball

Q.10. A wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of ice-cream. Its other end:

(a) becomes cold by the process of conduction

(b) becomes cold by the process of convection
(c) becomes cold by the process of radiation
(d) does not become cold
Ans.(d) does not become cold.

Q.11.Stainless steel pans are usually provided with copper bottoms. The reason for this could that:

(a) copper bottom makes the pan more durable

(b) such pans appear colourful
(c) copper is a better conductor of heat than the stainless steel
(d) copper is easier to clean than the stainless steel
Ans.(c) copper is better conductor of heat than the stainless steel
Extra questions

1. Why do we wear woollen clothes during winter?

Ans. The wool traps air in I,t which is a poor conductor of heat and hence it keeps us warm in winter.

2. Name the scales used to measure body temperature in humans.

Ans. Celsius and Fahrenheit are the scales used to measure body temperature in humans.

3. Which physical state of matter expands the most on heating?

Ans. Gas expands the most on heating.

4. What is the SI unit of temperature?

Ans. Kelvin (K) is the SI unit of temperature.

5.

Ans. We should wear

Ans. Heat is a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature between one object to another

7. Write any three precautions to be taken while reading a clinical thermometer.

Ans. 1. Do not hold the thermometer by the bulb.

2. Read the thermometer keeping the level of mercury along the line of sight.

3. Ensure that before use the mercury level is below 35°C.

8. Can a clinical thermometer be used to measure the temperature of boiling water?

Ans. No clinical thermometer cannot be used to measure temperature of boiling water because the temperature

Of the boiling water is more than the fixed range of the clinical thermometer i.e. 350C to 420C. If we try to

measure the temperature, the thermometer will break down.

9. at ?

Ans.

Temperature Heat

(i) It is proportional to average kinetic energy of the (i) It is total amount of internal energy of the
molecules of the body. molecules of a body.

(ii) As a result of heat exchange between two bodies, (ii) As a result of heat exchange between two bodies,
sum of their temperature before and after exchange total amount of heat of two bodies remains
is not same. unchanged.

(iii) It is the effect. (iii) It is the cause.

(iv) Its SI unit is Kelvin (K). (iv) Its SI unit is Joule (J).
10. Explain how the temperature of water can be measured by using a laboratory thermometer.

Ans. To measure the temperature of water by using a laboratory thermometer, we follow the following

Steps:

1. Take water in a beaker.

2. Dip the laboratory thermometer in the water so that its bulb gets completely immersed in it, but make

3. Hold the thermometer vertically.

4. Consider the movement of the thread of mercury.

5. After it becomes static, notice the reading.

Draw a neat diagram of Clinical Thermometer.

Draw the neat diagram of land breez and sea breez

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