Lesson 1

MBSRA, Inc. I. Introduction

We know that electrical circuit is a closed path through which electricity flows from phase or
MANILA BICOL SOUTH ROAD ACADEMY, INC. hot wire to the device or apparatus and then back the source though neutral wire.
Bagong Silang 1, Labo, Camarines Norte Along the way, the electricity path may consist of fixtures, switches, receptacles, junction
boxes, etc. So the wiring may be routed through these elements before actually making connections
with apparatus or device. In this module, we will tackle the different types of wiring methods approved in
the Philippine condition.
TLE Specialization:
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION II. Objectives:
At the end of this module, the students should be able to:
AND MAINTENANCE 10 a. Identify the different types of wiring methods.
b. Describe the different types of wiring methods.
Quarter 1: MODULE 4 c. Familiarize the different types of wiring methods.
d. Draw the different types of wiring methods.
What is this Module About?
Code: TLE_IAEL10EL-Ia-IIj-2
Lesson 1 Different Types of Wiring Methods Approved in the pp. 1 – 11
Philippine Condition III. Vocabulary
TLE_IAEL10EL-Ia-IIj-2
Definition of Terms
GENERAL INSTRUCTION 1. Conduit- is a tube used to protect and route electrical wiring in a building or structure.
Electrical conduit may be made of metal, plastic, fiber, or fired clay. Most conduit is rigid, but
1. Strictly follow your schedule to avoid lags in your activities. flexible conduit is used for some purposes.
2. Once it is time for this subject, play the audio first for your teacher’s 2. CTs- stands for Current Transformers. They are the devices that measure the current in a
instructions and guidelines. circuit.
3. Study in a room where you can concentrate. 3. PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) - is widely used in electrical cable construction for insulation, bedding
4. Keep away your gadgets. and sheathing. It was the 1950s when PVC started to replace rubber insulated and sheathed
5. Write only in your notebook and paper. cables in general household wiring due to its ease of processing.
4. TRS- stand for Tip, Ring, and Sleeve, and refer to the parts of the jack plug that the different
6. Listen intently and answer legibly. conductors are connected to.
7. At every end of the week, check if you have completed all the written works 5. VIR- Electrical voltage = current times resistance
that your teacher will ask your parents to submit.
8. If you have questions, you may ask your teacher but only during the IV. Lesson proper
scheduled time for this subject.
Methods of Electrical Wiring Systems
9. ENJOY STUDYING. Wiring (a process of connecting various accessories for distribution of electrical energy from
supplier’s meter board to home appliances such as lamps, fans and other domestic appliances is
known as Electrical Wiring) can be done using two methods which are
ARGEN V. RAMOS 1. Joint Box System or Tee System
TEACHER 2. Loop – in System

1. Joint Box or Tee or Jointing System

09156868577 In this method of wiring, connections to appliances are made through joints. These joints are
made in joint boxes by means of suitable connectors or joints cut outs. This method of wiring doesn’t
Note: This number is for educational purpose only
consume too much cables size.
You might think because this method of wiring doesn’t require too much cable it is therefore
cheaper. It is of course but the money you saved from buying cables will be used in buying joint boxes,
thus equation is balanced. This method is suitable for temporary installations and it is cheap.

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 Advantages of Loop-In Method of Wiring
 It doesn’t require joint boxes and so money is saved
 In loop – in systems, no joint is concealed beneath floors or in roof spaces.
 Fault location is made easy as the points are made only at outlets so that they are
accessible.

Disadvantages of Loop-In Method of Wiring

 Length of wire or cables required is more and voltage drop and copper losses are therefore
more
 Looping – in switches and lamp holders is usually difficult.

Different Types of Electrical Wiring Methods

1. Cleat Wiring
This system of wiring comprise of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires (occasionally, sheathed
and weather proof cable) braided and compounded held on walls or ceilings by means of porcelain
cleats, Plastic or wood.
Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring system therefore it is not suitable for domestic
premises. The use of cleat wiring system is over nowadays

2. Loop-in or Looping System

This method of wiring is universally used in wiring. Lamps and other appliances are connected
in parallel so that each of the appliances can be controlled individually. When a connection is required
at a light or switch, the feed conductor is looped in by bringing it directly to the terminal and then
carrying it forward again to the next point to be fed.
The switch and light feeds are carried round the circuit in a series of loops from one point to
another until the last on the circuit is reached. The phase or line conductors are looped either in
switchboard or box and neutrals are looped either in switchboard or from light or fan. Line or phase
should never be looped from light or fan.

2 3

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 Casing and Capping wiring system was famous wiring system in the past but, it is considered
obsolete these days because of Conduit and sheathed wiring system. The cables used in this kind
of wiring were either VIR or PVC or any other approved insulated cables.
The cables were carried through the wooden casing enclosures. The casing is made up of a
strip of wood with parallel grooves cut length wise so as to accommodate VIR cables. The grooves
were made to separate opposite polarity. the capping (also made of wood) used to cover the wires
and cables installed and fitted in the casing.

Advantages of Cleat Wiring:

 It is simple and cheap wiring system
 Most suitable for temporary use i.e. under construction building or army camping
 As the cables and wires of cleat wiring system is in open air, Therefore fault in cables can be
seen and repair easily.
 Cleat wiring system installation is easy and simple.
 Customization can be easily done in this wiring system e.g. alteration and addition.
 Inspection is easy and simple.

Disadvantages of Cleat Wiring:
 Appearance is not so good.
 Cleat wiring can’t be use for permanent use because, Sag may be occur after sometime of the
usage.
 In this wiring system, the cables and wiring is in open air, therefore, Advantages of Casing Capping Wiring:
oil, Steam, humidity, smoke, rain, chemical and acidic effect may damage the cables and  It is cheap wiring system as compared to sheathed and conduit wiring systems.
wires.  It is strong and long-lasting wiring system.
 It is not lasting wire system because of the weather effect , risk of fire and wear & tear.  Customization can be easily done in this wiring system.
 It can be only used on 250/440 Volts on low temperature.  If Phase and Neutral wire is installed in separate slots, then repairing is easy.
 There is always a risk of fire and electric shock.  Stay for long time in the field due to strong insulation of capping and casing..
 It can’t be used in important and sensitive location and places.  It stays safe from oil, Steam, smoke and rain.
 It is not lasting, reliable and sustainable wiring system.  No risk of electric shock due to covered wires and cables in casing & capping.
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2. Casing and Capping wiring
Disadvantages of Casing Capping Wiring:
 There is a high risk of fire in casing & capping wiring system.

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  Not suitable in the acidic, alkalies and humidity conditions  Paraphrase is good and beautiful
 Costly repairing and need more material.  Repairing is easy
 Material can’t be found easily in the contemporary  Strong and long-lasting
 White ants may damage the casing & capping of wood.  Customization can be easily done in this wiring system.
 Less chance of leakage current in batten wiring system.

3. Batten Wiring (CTS or TRS) Disadvantages of Batten Wiring

Single core or double core or three core TRS cables with a circular oval shape cables are used  Can’t be install in the humidity, Chemical effects, open and outdoor areas.
in this kind of wiring. Mostly, single core cables are preferred. TRS cables are chemical proof, water  High risk of firs
proof, steam proof, but are slightly affected by lubricating oil. The TRS cables are run on well seasoned  Not safe from external wear & tear and weather effects (because, the wires are openly visible
and straight teak wood batten with at least a thickness of 10mm. to heat, dust, steam and smoke.
The cables are held on the wooden batten by means of tinned brass link clips (buckle clip)  Heavy wires can’t be used in batten wiring system.
already fixed on the batten with brass pins and spaced at an interval of 10cm for horizontal runs and  Only suitable below then 250V.
15cm for vertical runs.  Need more cables and wires.

4.Lead Sheathed Wiring

The type of wiring employs conductors that are insulated with VIR and covered with an outer
sheath of lead aluminum alloy containing about 95% of lead. The metal sheath given protection to
cables from mechanical damage, moisture and atmospheric corrosion.
The whole lead covering is made electrically continuous and is connected to earth at the point of
entry to protect against electrolytic action due to leaking current and to provide safety in case the
sheath becomes alive. The cables are run on wooden batten and fixed by means of link clips just as
in TRS wiring.

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Advantages of
6 Lead Sheathed
Advantages of Batten Wiring Wiring
 Wiring installation is simple and easy  It is easy
 Cheap as compared to other electrical wiring systems to fix

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 and looks nice as it can be run in buildings without damaging decoration and can be painted to Following conduits are used in the conduit wiring systems (both concealed and surface conduit
suit colour scheme of surroundings. wiring) which are shown in the above image.
 It can be used in damp situations provided protections against moisture effect on the ends of  Metallic Conduit
the cables are given.  Non-metallic conduit
 It can be used in situations exposed to rain and sum provided no joint is exposed.
 It provides protection against mechanical injury better than that TRS wiring. Metallic Conduit:
 Its life is long if proper earth continuity is maintained throughout. Metallic conduits are made of steel which are very strong but costly as well.
There are two types of metallic conduits.
 Class A Conduit: Low gauge conduit (Thin layer steel sheet conduit)
Disadvantages of Lead Sheathed Wiring  Class B Conduit: High gauge conduit (Thick sheet of steel conduit)
 In case of damage of insulation, the metal sheath becomes alive and gives shock so as to
provide safety against electrical shock it is necessary that the sheath is properly earth and an Non-metallic Conduit:
earth wire is run side by side with it and all pieces are properly bonded or jointed together so A solid PVC conduit is used as non-metallic conduit now a days, which is flexible and easy to
that not a single cover unearthed. bend.
 It is not suitable for places where chemical corrosion may occur.
 Skilled labour and proper supervisions is required. Size of Conduit:
 It is costlier than TRS wiring. The common conduit pipes are available in different sizes genially, 13, 16.2, 18.75, 20, 25, 37,
5. Conduit Wiring 50, and 63 mm (diameter) or 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 inch in diameter.
There are two additional types of conduit wiring according to pipe installation
A.Surface Conduit Wiring Advantage of Conduit Wiring Systems 9
B.Concealed Conduit Wiring  It is the safest wiring system (Concealed conduit wring)
 Appearance is very beautiful (in case of concealed conduit wiring)
A. Surface Conduit Wiring  No risk of mechanical wear & tear and fire in case of metallic pipes.
If conduits installed on roof or wall, It is known as surface conduit wiring. in this wiring  Customization can be easily done according to the future needs.
method, they make holes on the surface of wall on equal distances and conduit is installed  Repairing and maintenance is easy.
then with the help of rawal plugs.  There is no risk of damage the cables insulation.
 it is safe from corrosion (in case of PVC conduit) and risk of fire.
B. Concealed Conduit Wiring  It can be used even in humidity, chemical effect and smoky areas.
If the conduits is hidden inside the wall slots with the help of plastering, it is called  No risk of electric shock (In case of proper earthing and grounding of metallic pipes).
concealed conduit wiring. In other words, the electrical wiring system inside wall, roof or floor  It is reliable and popular wiring system.
with the help of plastic or metallic piping is called concealed conduit wiring. obliviously, It is  Sustainable and long-lasting wiring system.
the most popular, beautiful, stronger and common electrical wiring system nowadays.
Disadvantages of Conduit Wiring Systems
 It is expensive wiring system (Due to PVC and Metallic pipes, Additional earthing for metallic
In conduit wiring, steel tubes known as conduits are installed on the surface of walls by means pipes Tee(s) and elbows etc.
of pipe hooks (surface conduit wiring) or buried in walls under plaster and VIR or PVC cables are  Very hard to find the defects in the wiring.
afterwards drawn by means of a GI wire of size if about 18SWG.  installation is not easy and simple.
In Conduit wiring system, The conduits should be electrically continuous and connected to  Risk of electric shock (In case of metallic pipes without proper earthing & grounding system)
earth at some suitable points in case of steel conduit. Conduit wiring is a professional way of wiring a  Very complicated to manage additional connection in the future.
building. Mostly PVC conduits are used in domestic wiring. 
The conduit protects the cables from being damaged by rodents (when rodents bites the Comparison between Different Wiring Systems
cables it will cause short circuit) that is why circuit breakers are in place though but hey! Prevention is Below is the table which shows the comparison between all the above mentioned wiring
better than cure. Lead conduits are used in factories or when the building is prone to fire accident. systems.
Trunking is more of like surface conduit wiring. It’s gaining popularity too.
It is done by screwing a PVC trunking pipe to a wall then passing the cables through the pipe.
The cables in conduit should not be too tight. Space factor have to be put into consideration.

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Types of Conduit

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5. Conduit Wiring
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Congrats! You did a great job! See you soon on the next lesson. Good luck!

Reference for Learners: https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2015/09/types-of-wiring-systems-electrical-

wiring-methods.html

11
V. Assessment
ACTIVITY 1. In long bond paper, draw the joint box system and looping system using yarn.
Color coding of yarn to be use:
 Black- positive wire
 Grey- negative wire
 Yellow- switches
 Blue- lamps

ACTIVITY 2. Describe the following types of electrical wiring methods in your own understanding. Write
your answer in one whole sheet of yellow paper (5 points each)

1. Cleat Wiring
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2. Casing and Capping Wiring

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3. Batten Wiring
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4. Lead Sheathed Wiring

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