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    Derivatives of Parametric Equations

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    Olivier Uwamahoro
    This document discusses calculating derivatives, areas, and arc lengths of parametric curves. It explains that for parametric curves defined as x=f(t) and y=g(t), the derivative of x with respect to t is f'(t) and the derivative of y with respect to t is g'(t). It then provides examples of using these derivatives to find slopes of tangent lines, areas under curves, and arc lengths of parametric curves.

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    Derivatives of Parametric Equations

    Uploaded by

    Olivier Uwamahoro
    35 views6 pages
    This document discusses calculating derivatives, areas, and arc lengths of parametric curves. It explains that for parametric curves defined as x=f(t) and y=g(t), the derivative of x with respect to t is f'(t) and the derivative of y with respect to t is g'(t). It then provides examples of using these derivatives to find slopes of tangent lines, areas under curves, and arc lengths of parametric curves.

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    7.2

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    This document discusses calculating derivatives, areas, and arc lengths of parametric curves. It explains that for parametric curves defined as x=f(t) and y=g(t), the derivative of x with respect to t is f'(t) and the derivative of y with respect to t is g'(t). It then provides examples of using these derivatives to find slopes of tangent lines, areas under curves, and arc lengths of parametric curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views6 pages

    Derivatives of Parametric Equations

    Uploaded by

    Olivier Uwamahoro
    This document discusses calculating derivatives, areas, and arc lengths of parametric curves. It explains that for parametric curves defined as x=f(t) and y=g(t), the derivative of x with respect to t is f'(t) and the derivative of y with respect to t is g'(t). It then provides examples of using these derivatives to find slopes of tangent lines, areas under curves, and arc lengths of parametric curves.

    Copyright:

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    7.

    2 CALCULUS OF PARAMETRIC CURVES, MAT 2280


    Derivatives of Parametric Equations
    When you are taking the derivative of a function, you take the derivative
    of x with respect to y. What is y in parametric form? The y is some
    function of t and x is some function of t. So all we are going to do is take
    the derivative of each independent parametric equation with respect to t.
    Example 1. Let 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡) = cos 𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡) = sin 𝑡 and 𝑡 ∈ [0, 2𝜋]
    √2 √2
    a. Find the slope of the tangent line at the point ( , ).
    2 2

    b. What is the equation of the tangent line?

    c. Where is the slope of the tangent line horizontal?

    d. Where is the slope of the tangent line vertical?


    Example 2. Let 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
    a. Find the slope of the tangent line 𝑡 = 𝜋?

    b. What is the equation of the tangent line?

    Example 3. Let 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡) = 2cos 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡) = sin 2𝜃


    a. Where is the slope of the tangent line horizontal?

    b. Where is the slope of the tangent line vertical?


    Area of Parametric Curves
    Can we find areas of parametric curves?
    𝑏
    Recall the area under 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) on [𝑎, 𝑏] is ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 (x is the
    independent variable and a and b are the limits on x)
    𝑑𝑦
    When 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡) 𝑡 ∈ [𝛼, 𝛽] then we have = 𝑓′(𝑡) so
    𝑑𝑥
    𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
    Also 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡) so the integral changes to
    𝛽
    ∫𝛼 𝑔(𝑡)𝑓 ′ (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 with 𝑡 ∈ [𝛼, 𝛽]

    Example 4. Find the area of a circle with radius 𝑅. Let 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡) =


    𝑅 cos 𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑅 sin 𝑡 and 𝑡 ∈ [0, 𝜋]
    Arc Length
    𝑏
    Recall if 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) on [𝑎, 𝑏] then arc length is 𝐿 = ∫𝑎 √1 + (𝑦 ′ )2 𝑑𝑥
    𝑑𝑦
    here 𝑦 ′ =
    𝑑𝑥

    Switch it to parametric when 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡) 𝑡 ∈ [𝛼, 𝛽] then we


    have

    𝛽
    𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 2
    𝐿 = ∫ √( ) + ( ) 𝑑𝑡
    𝛼 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

    Conditions here are the curve is traversed only once on [𝛼, 𝛽]

    Example 5. Find the circumference of a circle radius 𝑅.


    Example 6. Find the exact length of the curve.

    𝑥 = 1 + 3𝑡 2 , 𝑦 = 4 + 2𝑡 3 , 𝑡 = [0,1]

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