Owners Manual

MODEL S
2012–2020
OWNER'S MANUAL
Software version: 2022.20

Europe
YOUR OWNER'S MANUAL
For the latest and greatest information that is customized to your vehicle, view the Owner’s Manual on your vehicle’s
touchscreen by touching Controls > Service > Owner's Manual. The information is specific to your vehicle depending on
the features you purchased, vehicle configuration, market region and software version. In contrast, owner information
that is provided by Tesla elsewhere is updated as necessary and may not contain information unique to your vehicle.
RELEASE NOTES
Information about new features is displayed on the touchscreen after a software update, and can be viewed at any time
by touching Controls > Software > Release Notes. If the content in the Owner's Manual on how to use your vehicle
conflicts with information in the Release Notes, the Release Notes take precedence.
ILLUSTRATIONS AND PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

The illustrations provided in this document are for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicle options, software
version and market region, the information displayed on the touchscreen in your vehicle may appear slightly different.
All specifications and descriptions contained in this document are verified to be accurate at the time of printing.
However, because continuous improvement is a goal at Tesla, we reserve the right to make product modifications at any
time. To communicate any inaccuracies or omissions in this document, please send an email to:
ownersmanualfeedback@tesla.com.
SAFETY INFORMATION
You can find safety information in your Model S Owner's Manual on the touchscreen.
For detailed information about your Model S, go to the Tesla website for your region, log on to your Tesla account, or
sign up to get an account.
If you have any questions or concerns about your Model S, call Tesla. To find the number for your region, go to
www.tesla.com, select your region at the bottom of the page, then view contact information.
© 2012-2022 TESLA, INC.

All information in this document and all vehicle software is subject to copyright and other intellectual property rights of
Tesla, Inc. and its licensors. This material may not be modified, reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, without the
prior written permission of Tesla, Inc. and its licensors. Additional information is available upon request. Shown here are
trademarks or registered trademarks of Tesla, Inc. in the United States and other countries:
Contents
Overview................................................................ 2 Speed Assist...................................................................................110
Exterior Overview............................................................................2
Interior Overview............................................................................. 3 Using the Touchscreen...................................112
Touchscreen Overview.................................................................. 5 Controls............................................................................................ 112
Climate Controls............................................................................118
Opening and Closing.........................................8 Maps and Navigation..................................................................123
Keys and Doors................................................................................ 8 Media................................................................................................ 129
Windows............................................................................................ 12 Entertainment............................................................................... 132
Rear Trunk.........................................................................................13 Phone and Calendar................................................................... 135
Front Trunk....................................................................................... 15 Air Suspension.............................................................................. 138
Interior Storage and Electronics...............................................17 Voice Commands........................................................................ 140
Sunroof...............................................................................................21 Security Settings..........................................................................142
Dashcam and Sentry Mode..................................................... 143
Seating and Safety Restraints..................... 22 HomeLink Universal Transceiver............................................146
Front and Rear Seats................................................................... 22 Connecting to Wi-Fi...................................................................149
Seat Belts......................................................................................... 24 Software Updates........................................................................150
Child Safety Seats.........................................................................26 Mobile App..................................................................................... 152
Airbags.............................................................................................. 33
Charging.............................................................154
Driving.................................................................. 37 Electric Vehicle Components..................................................154
Driver Profiles................................................................................. 37 High Voltage Battery Information.........................................156
Steering Wheel.............................................................................. 39 Charging Instructions.................................................................157
Mirrors............................................................................................... 42
Starting and Powering Off........................................................ 44 Maintenance......................................................163
Shifting..............................................................................................46 Maintenance...................................................................................163
Lights................................................................................................. 47 Tire Care and Maintenance...................................................... 165
Instrument Panel........................................................................... 50 Cleaning.......................................................................................... 170
Wipers and Washers.................................................................... 56 Wiper Blades and Washer Jets.............................................. 173
Braking and Stopping..................................................................57 Fluid Reservoirs............................................................................174
Traction Control............................................................................ 60 Jacking and Lifting......................................................................177
Park Assist........................................................................................ 61 Parts and Accessories................................................................178
Vehicle Hold.................................................................................... 63
Acceleration Modes..................................................................... 64 Specifications................................................... 179
Active Hood.................................................................................... 66 Identification Labels................................................................... 179
Trip Information............................................................................. 67 Vehicle Loading........................................................................... 180
Getting Maximum Range........................................................... 68 Dimensions.....................................................................................182
Rear Facing Camera(s)...............................................................70 Subsystems....................................................................................184
Pedestrian Warning System....................................................... 71 Wheels and Tires......................................................................... 186
Cold Weather Best Practices.................................................... 72
Roadside Assistance......................................189
Autopilot..............................................................74 Contacting Tesla Roadside Assistance................................189
About Autopilot............................................................................ 74 Instructions for Transporters....................................................191
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control.....................................................77
Autosteer..........................................................................................83 Consumer Information..................................194
Navigate on Autopilot.................................................................88 About this Owner Information............................................... 194
Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control.......................................90 Disclaimers..................................................................................... 195
Autopark...........................................................................................97 Reporting Safety Defects.........................................................196
Summon........................................................................................... 99 Radio Regulatory Compliance................................................197
Smart Summon............................................................................. 101 Troubleshooting Alerts.............................................................203
Active Safety Features................................. 104 Index................................................................... 244

Lane Assist.....................................................................................104
Collision Avoidance Assist....................................................... 107
Exterior Overview
1. Exterior lights (Lights on page 47)

2. Door handles (Using Exterior Door Handles on page 9)
3. Sunroof (optional) (Sunroof on page 21)
4. Charge port (Charging Instructions on page 157)
5. Autopilot cameras (About Autopilot on page 74)
6. Exterior mirrors (Mirrors on page 42)
7. Hood/Front trunk (Front Trunk on page 15)
8. Radar sensor (hidden from view in the above image) (About Autopilot on page 74)
9. Wheels and tires (Wheels and Tires on page 186)
10. Rear view camera (Rear Facing Camera(s) on page 70 and About Autopilot on page 74)
11. Rear trunk/liftgate (Rear Trunk on page 13)
12. Ultrasonic sensors (Park Assist on page 61 and About Autopilot on page 74)
2 MODEL S Owner's Manual

Interior Overview
1. Interior door handles (Opening Doors from the Interior on page 10)
2. Autopilot stalk (Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 77 and Autosteer on page 83)
3. Turn signal stalk (High Beam Headlights on page 47, Turn Signals on page 48, Wipers and Washers on page
56)
4. Steering wheel buttons - left (Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons on page 39)
5. Instrument panel (Instrument Panel on page 50)
6. Steering wheel buttons - right (Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 40)
7. Drive stalk (How to Shift on page 46)
8. Touchscreen (Touchscreen Overview on page 5)
9. Glovebox button (Glovebox on page 17)
10. Cabin climate control (Climate Controls on page 118)
11. Power window switches (Opening and Closing on page 12)
12. Exterior mirror adjustment switches (Mirrors on page 42)
13. Seats (Front and Rear Seats on page 22)
14. Steering column adjuster (hidden from view in the above image) (Steering Wheel on page 39)
15. Horn (Horn on page 40)
16. Brake pedal (Braking and Stopping on page 57)
17. Accelerator pedal (Acceleration Modes on page 64)
Overview 3
Interior Overview
18. Hazard warning lights (Hazard Warning Flashers on page 49)
19. Cup holders (Cup Holders on page 20)
NOTE: On RHD (Right Hand Drive) vehicles, the controls illustrated above are arranged similarly, but are mirrored on
the right side of the vehicle.

Touchscreen Overview
WARNING: Always pay attention to road and traffic conditions when driving. To minimize driver distraction and
ensure the safety of vehicle occupants as well as other road users, avoid using the touchscreen to adjust
settings while the vehicle is in motion.
Use the touchscreen to control many features that, in traditional cars, are controlled using physical buttons (for
example, adjusting the cabin heating and air conditioning, headlights, etc.). You also use the touchscreen to control
media, navigate, use entertainment features, and customize Model S to suit your preferences. For hands-free access
to common touchscreen controls, use voice commands (see Voice Commands on page 140). The main component
of the touchscreen is the map area. Other main components are shown here:
NOTE: Illustrations are provided to improve conceptual understanding only. Depending on vehicle options, software
version, market region and regional and language settings, the details displayed on the screen will differ.
1. Status bar: This area on the top of the touchscreen displays the time of day, the outside temperature, and the
following icons:
Touch to lock/unlock all doors and trunks.
Overview 5
Status of the front passenger airbag (see Airbags on page 33).
Displays when a software update is available (see Software Updates on page 150).
Add, configure, or quickly switch driver profiles (including Valet Mode and Easy Entry). See Driver
Profiles on page 37.
Control or program HomeLink devices (if equipped) (see HomeLink Universal Transceiver on page
146).
Displays when a notification is in effect. Touch to display information about the notification. To
display a list of the most recent notifications, with the most recent listed first, you can also touch
Service > Notifications.
Connected to a Wi-Fi network.
Connected to cellular network. Touch to connect to Wi-Fi (see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page 149).
Connect to a Bluetooth device (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 135).
2. Navigation: Change the orientation of the map, find or navigate to a destination, and change navigation settings
(see Maps and Navigation on page 123).
3. Controls: Control various features and adjust settings to customize your Model S (see Controls on page 112).
4. Climate controls (driver): Use the left and right arrows to decrease/increase cabin temperature. Touch Split on
the popup to display separate controls for the driver and passenger. Touch the temperature icon to customize
climate control settings (see Climate Controls on page 118).
5. My Apps: For one-touch access to frequently used apps and controls, you can choose what displays here. See
Customizing My Apps on page 7.
6. App Launcher: Touch the app launcher to open the app tray. Then touch any app to open it. The app you choose
displays on top of the map. To close an app, drag it downward.
7. Recent App(s): Displays the most recently used app(s). The number of recent apps displayed here depends on
how many apps have been added to My Apps. If you add the maximum number of apps to My Apps, only the
most recent app displays.
8. Climate controls (passenger): Displays when temperature controls have been Split to provide separate controls
for the driver and passenger.

9. Volume Control: Controls the volume of media player and phone calls (see Volume Controls on page 129). The
volume of navigation instructions is controlled separately (see Maps and Navigation on page 123).
Popup messages appear at the bottom of the touchscreen. For example, a seat belt reminder appears if a seat belt is
unfastened in an occupied seat, an alert appears to notify you of an incoming phone call, a text message appears
(when applicable), and voice commands appear when in use. If applicable, touch options from these popup
messages (for example, accept/decline a phone call, choose an option from the headlight menu, etc.). To dismiss a
popup message, swipe it downward.
Customizing My Apps
For one-touch access to commonly used apps and controls, you can customize what displays in the My Apps area on
the touchscreen's bottom bar:
1. Enter customization mode by touching and holding any app or control in the My Apps area. If this area is empty,
touch the App Launcher.
2. Simply drag any app or control from the app tray onto the My Apps area in the bottom bar.
NOTE: Seat heaters selected from the app tray appear next to the temperature, instead of in the My Apps area.
NOTE: Controls (for example, defrosters and seat heaters) appear in the app tray only when you enter customization
mode by touching and holding an app.
NOTE: When you've added the maximum number of apps or controls to My Apps, adding an additional app removes
the rightmost app.
NOTE: Remove an app or control from the My Apps area by touching and holding, then touching its associated "X".
Overview 7
Keys and Doors
Keyless Locking and Unlocking
Locking and unlocking Model S is convenient. Although
you must be carrying a valid key fob, there is no need to
use it. Model S has sensors around the driver's door that
can recognize the presence of a key fob within a range
of approximately one meter. So, you can keep your key
fob in your pocket or purse and Model S detects it as
you approach.
When you walk up to Model S carrying your key fob, the

doors automatically unlock if Passive Entry is on
(Controls > Safety > Passive Entry). If a door handle is
retracted, press it and it extends. If the Auto-Present
Handles setting is turned on (see Using Exterior Door
Handles on page 9), you do not need to touch the
door handle. Instead, door handles extend automatically
as you approach Model S. To open the rear trunk, press
the switch located under the powered liftgate’s exterior
handle.
NOTE: Model S must detect your key fob near the
driver's door before the doors or powered liftgate
unlock. 1. Trunk
NOTE: If Passive Entry is off, you must use the key fob to ◦ Double-click to open the rear trunk.
unlock Model S. See Using the Key Fob on page 8. ◦ If equipped with a powered liftgate, double-click
NOTE: You can choose whether you want all doors, or to close the rear trunk. You can also single-click to
just the driver's door, to unlock when you approach stop the liftgate when it is moving.
Model S carrying your key fob (see Door Unlock Mode ◦ Hold the button down for one to two seconds to
on page 10). open the charge port door.
When carrying your key fob with you, you can also open 2. Lock/Unlock All
the rear trunk without having to use the key fob. Simply ◦ Single-click to lock doors and trunks (all doors
press the switch located under the powered liftgate’s and trunks must be closed). Hazard warning lights
exterior handle. Driver Door Unlock Mode (see Door flash once and door handles retract. If a door or
Unlock Mode on page 10) must be off and the vehicle the powered liftgate is open, hazard warning lights
must detect the key fob near the driver's door before flash three times and doors do not lock.
opening the rear trunk.
◦ Double-click to unlock. Hazard warning lights flash
Model S also locks automatically. If you enable Walk twice and door handles extend. If a door or the
Away Door Lock, Model S locks when you walk away rear trunk is open, hazard warning lights flash
carrying your key fob with you (see Walk-Away Door three times and doors do not lock.
Lock on page 10).
3. Front trunk
While sitting inside Model S, you can also lock and ◦ Double-click to open the front trunk.
unlock the vehicle by touching the icon on the
touchscreen's status bar or by touching Controls. You do not need to point the key fob at Model S, but you
must be within operating range (which varies depending
NOTE: Depending on date of manufacture and options on the strength of the key fob’s battery).
selected at time of purchase, some Model S vehicles are
not equipped with the automatic locking and unlocking If Model S is unable to detect the key fob, the
feature. touchscreen displays a message indicating that a key
fob is not inside. Place the key fob where Model S can
Using the Key Fob best detect it, which is below the low voltage power
socket (see Key Fob Not Inside on page 44).
To quickly familiarize yourself with the key fob, think of
Radio equipment on a similar frequency can affect the
the key fob as a miniature version of Model S, with the
key fob. If this happens, move the key fob at least 30 cm
Tesla badge representing the front. The key fob has
away from other electronic devices (phone, laptop, etc).
three buttons that feel like softer areas on the surface.
If the key fob does not work, you may need to change
its battery. If the key fob’s battery is discharged, you can

Keys and Doors
open Model S by following the unlocking procedure (see NOTE: Tesla recommends using Panasonic CR2032
Unlocking When the Key Fob Doesn't Work on page batteries. These can be purchased through online
11). retailers, local supermarkets, and drug stores.
NOTE: Wipe the battery clean before fitting and
For increased security, your key fob may require
avoid touching the battery's flat surfaces. Finger
periodical updates. To update your key fob, go to
marks on the flat surfaces of the battery can reduce
Controls > Service > Update Key Fob and follow the
battery life.
onscreen instructions. Your vehicle must be in Park to
update the key fob.
4. Holding the cover at an angle, align the tabs on the
widest side of the cover with the corresponding slots
CAUTION: Remember to bring the key fob with
on the key fob, then press the cover firmly onto the
you when you drive. Although you can drive
key fob until it snaps into place.
Model S away from its key fob, you will be unable
to power it back on after it powers off. 5. Test that the key fob works by unlocking and locking
your vehicle.
CAUTION: Protect the key fob from impact, high
temperatures, and damage from liquids. Avoid
contact with solvents, waxes and abrasive Getting More Key Fobs
cleaners.
If you lose a key fob or require an additional one,
Replacing the Key Fob Battery contact Tesla. Model S can recognize up to three key
fobs.
The key fob's battery lasts for approximately a year with
normal use. When the battery is low, a message displays When ordering a new key fob for Model S, take all
on the instrument panel. Follow these steps to replace it: available key fobs with you for reprogramming.
NOTE: Tesla recommends replacing the battery in all key Using Exterior Door Handles
fobs at the same time.
A light press on a door handle extends it, provided
1. With the key fob placed button-side down on a soft Model S detects a valid key fob nearby and Passive
surface, use a small flat-bladed tool or fingernail to Entry is on (Controls > Safety > Passive Entry).
release the bottom cover.
You can set the door handles to extend automatically
whenever you approach the driver’s side carrying the
key fob. On the touchscreen, touch Controls > Vehicle >
Auto-Present Handles.
2. Remove the battery by carefully lifting it away from

the front retaining clips.
Insert your hand into the handle and pull to open the
door.
Door handles retract if you do not use them within one

minute after they extend. Just press a handle to extend
it again. Door handles also retract a minute after the last
3. Insert the new battery (type CR2032) with the ‘+’ door closes, when Model S begins moving, and when
side facing up. you lock Model S.
Opening and Closing 9

Keys and Doors
NOTE: To preserve battery life, Model S is designed to When you stop Model S and engage Park, you can
temporarily disable the Auto-Present Handles feature choose whether you want doors to unlock or remain
when: locked. To do so, touch Controls > Vehicle > Unlock on
Park. When enabled, doors automatically unlock when
• The key fob has been out of range for more than 48 you engage Park.
hours.
You can also unlock doors and present handles by
• The key fob remains within range for five minutes pressing the Park button on the end of the drive stalk a
after all doors have been closed. second time (for example, after pressing it one time to
engage Park).
In these cases, extend door handles by touching one of
them, or by pressing the unlock button on the key fob. NOTE: If a door or trunk is still open when you lock
There is no need to reset the setting. The next time you Model S, it locks when you close it.
approach Model S, provided the above conditions do not
apply, handles automatically extend.
Door Unlock Mode
Whenever a door is open, the Door Open
You can choose to unlock only the driver's door when
indicator displays on the instrument panel.
you approach your vehicle carrying your key fob. To do
Also, the image of the Model S on the
so, touch Controls > Vehicle > Driver Door Unlock Mode.
touchscreen's Controls window also
provides a visual representation of an open
door or trunk. Child-Protection Lock
Model S has child-protection locks on the rear doors and
Opening Doors from the Interior liftgate to prevent them from being opened using
interior handles. Use the touchscreen to turn child-
To open a door, pull the interior door handle toward you. protection locks on or off. Touch Controls > Vehicle >
Child- Protection Lock.
NOTE: It is recommended that you turn child-protection

locks on whenever children are seated in the rear seats.
Drive Away Locking

Model S automatically locks all doors (including the
trunks) whenever your driving speed exceeds 8 km/h.
Walk-Away Door Lock

Doors and trunks automatically lock whenever you walk
away carrying the key fob or if the key fob is otherwise
not detected by your vehicle (not present, dead battery,
etc.).
To turn this feature on or off, touch Controls > Vehicle >

NOTE: To prevent children from opening rear doors Walk-Away Door Lock.
using the interior handles, use the touchscreen, Controls
Check the Exclude Home checkbox to prevent doors
> Vehicle > Child-Protection Lock, to turn on the child-
from locking when you walk away carrying the key fob
protection locks (see Child-Protection Lock on page
when Model S is parked at the location you have
10).
designated as Home. For details on how to designate a
location as Home, see Home, Work, and Favorite
Interior Locking and Unlocking Destinations on page 125.
From inside Model S, you can use the touchscreen to NOTE: If Model S detects an authenticated key fob for
lock or unlock doors and trunks, provided a valid key is five minutes after you exit the vehicle and close all
inside the vehicle. Touch the lock icon on the doors, Walk-Away Door Lock disables and doors do not
touchscreen's status bar. lock when you leave with the key fob. You will need to
manually lock Model S until after your next drive.

Keys and Doors
NOTE: If all doors are closed and you use the key fob to
unlock Model S, walk away locking is temporarily
suspended for one minute. If you open a door within this
minute, it does not re-lock until after all the doors are
closed and you have walked away with the key fob.
NOTE: If you unlock Model S using the mobile app, it
automatically locks after a short period of time if all
doors remain closed. If parked in an area without cellular
service (such as an indoor parking garage), ensure that
you have a functional key fob available to unlock
Model S.
Unlocking When the Key Fob

Doesn't Work
If Model S does not unlock when you walk up to it, or
when you double-click the unlock button on the top of
your key fob, the key fob’s battery may be dead. Even if
this is the case, you can still use the key fob to unlock
and drive Model S. NOTE: Unlocking Model S using this method disables
walk away locking. You must manually re-enable walk
NOTE: Although you can still use your key fob, you away locking after replacing the key fob’s battery.
should consider using the mobile app to remotely unlock
and start the vehicle. Then, replace your key fob's Opening Interior Doors with No
battery when convenient.
Power
To unlock Model S (and disable the security alarm) using
the key fob, first position the key fob near the base of If Model S has no electrical power, the front doors open
the passenger side windshield wiper. Then press the as usual using the interior door handles. To open the rear
front door handle on the right side of the vehicle. If doors, fold back the edge of the carpet below the rear
Model S doesn't unlock, try adjusting the position of the seats to expose the mechanical release cable. Pull the
key fob and try again. The key fob must be in the correct mechanical release cable toward the center of the
position for the vehicle to unlock. vehicle.
NOTE: The following illustration assumes a left hand

drive (LHD) vehicle. On a right hand drive (RHD) vehicle,
the locations are mirrored.
To drive Model S after gaining access to the cabin, place

the bottom of the key fob against the center console,
immediately below the low voltage power outlet, then
press and hold the brake pedal to start Model S.

Windows
Opening and Closing
Press down on a switch to lower the associated window.
Window switches operate at two levels:
• To lower a window fully, press the switch all the way

down and immediately release.
• To lower a window partially, press the switch gently
and release when the window is where you want it.
WARNING: To ensure safety, it is recommended

that you lock the rear window switches whenever
children are seated in the rear seats.
WARNING: Never leave children unattended in
Model S.
Similarly, pull a switch to raise the associated window:
• To raise a window fully, pull the switch all the way up

and immediately release.
• To raise a window partially, pull the switch gently and
release when the window is where you want it.
If a window is left open unintentionally, Model S can

send a notification to the mobile app (touch Controls >
Vehicle > Car Left Open Notification, then choose Doors
& Windows).
NOTE: See Cold Weather Best Practices on page 72

for information on preparing windows for cold weather.
CAUTION: To avoid damage, windows
automatically lower slightly when you open or
close a door. If you manually raise a window when
the door is open, ensure it is slightly lowered
before closing the door.
WARNING: Before closing a window, it is the
driver’s responsibility to ensure that all occupants,
especially children, do not have any body parts
extended through the window’s opening. Failure to
do so can cause serious injury.
Locking Rear Windows

To prevent passengers from using the rear window
switches, press the rear window lock switch. The switch
light turns on. To unlock rear windows, press the switch
again.

Rear Trunk
Opening WARNING: Before opening or closing the liftgate,
check the surrounding area (for people and
objects). You must proactively monitor the liftgate
To open the rear trunk, ensure Model S is in Park, then to ensure that it does not come into contact with a
do one of the following: person or object. Failure to do so may result in
damage or injury.
• Touch Controls > Trunk on the touchscreen.
• Double-click the rear trunk button on the key fob. Closing
• Touch the rear trunk button on the mobile app.
If Model S is not equipped with a liftgate, close the rear
• Press the switch located under the liftgate's exterior
trunk by pulling down on the liftgate and pushing firmly
handle (a valid key must be detected).
until it is fully closed.
NOTE: If Passive Entry is off, you must use a key fob to To close the liftgate, do one of the following:
unlock Model S before you can use the switch to open
the liftgate. See Using the Key Fob on page 8. • Touch Controls > Trunk.
Model S must be unlocked or detect a key before you • Double-click the rear trunk button on the key fob.
can use the switch to open the liftgate. • Press the switch located on the underside of the
liftgate (see Adjusting Liftgate Opening Height on
page 13).
If the liftgate senses an obstruction when closing, it

stops moving and chimes two times. Remove the
obstruction and try closing it again.
If the liftgate loses its calibration when opened, the

liftgate chimes three times and does not move. To
restore calibration, manually pull the liftgate down to
close it.
Adjusting Liftgate Opening Height

If Model S is equipped with a liftgate, you can adjust its
opening height to make it easier to reach or to avoid
low-hanging ceilings or objects (for example, a garage
When a door, trunk or liftgate is open, the door or light):
instrument panel displays the Door Open
indicator light. The image of your Model S 1. Open the trunk, then manually lower or raise the
on the touchscreen also displays the open liftgate to the desired opening height.
trunk.
2. Press and hold the button on the underside of the
liftgate for three seconds until you hear a
To stop a liftgate while it is moving, single-click the rear confirmation chime.
trunk button on the key fob. Then, when you double-
click the rear trunk button, it moves again, but in the
opposite direction (provided it was not almost entirely
open or closed when you stopped it). For example, if
you single-click to stop the liftgate while opening, when
you double-click, it closes.
NOTE: In emergency situations, you can override an

open or close command by grasping the liftgate to stop
it in place.
To open the liftgate from inside the vehicle in the

unlikely situation that Model S has no power, see Interior
Emergency Trunk Release on page 14.
3. Confirm that you have set it to the desired height by
closing the liftgate, then reopening it.

Rear Trunk
Interior Release Distribute cargo weight between the front and rear
trunks.
To open the rear trunk from inside a Model S equipped CAUTION: Never load more than 175 lbs (80 kg) in
with the Tesla Built-In Rear Facing Child Seats, press the the upper compartment of the rear trunk or more
interior release switch located inside the rear trunk and than 285 lbs (130 kg) in the lower compartment.
push the liftgate up. If Model S is locked and is equipped Doing so can cause damage.
with a liftgate, the first press unlocks the rear trunk and
the second press opens it.
Interior Emergency Trunk Release
NOTE: If Model S is not equipped with the Tesla Rear
Facing Child Seats, the switch may appear to exist, but it An illuminated mechanical release located inside the
is inactive and pressing it does not release the liftgate. rear trunk allows you to open the rear trunk from the
inside if Model S has no electrical power. This
mechanical release also allows a person locked inside to
get out.
1. Remove the cover by pulling its lower edge very

firmly toward you.
If Model S is equipped with the power liftgate, you do
2. Pull the cable to release the latch.
not need to push it up. When you press the release
switch, it opens, and when you pull the switch, it closes. 3. Push the rear trunk open.
NOTE: The interior release switch is disabled if child- NOTE: The button glows for several hours after a brief
protection locks are turned on (see Child-Protection exposure to ambient light.
Lock on page 10), or if Model S is moving.
WARNING: Do not allow children to play inside the
trunk or become locked inside. An unrestrained
Accessing the Cargo Area child could suffer serious injury or death in a crash.
A child could suffer heat exhaustion if trapped in
To access the cargo area inside the rear trunk, pull up the vehicle, especially without climate control on.
the strap at the rear of the cargo cover. You can then
fold the cargo cover forward or remove it from Model S.
Secure all cargo before moving Model S, and place

heavy cargo in the lower trunk compartment.

Front Trunk
Opening
To open the front trunk, ensure Model S is in Park, and
then do one of the following before pulling the hood
open:
• Touch Controls > Front Trunk on the touchscreen.

• Double-click the front trunk button on the key fob.
• Touch the front trunk button in the mobile app.
CAUTION: To prevent damage:

When a door or trunk/liftgate is open, the
instrument panel displays the Door Open • Apply pressure only to the green areas shown.
indicator light. The image of your Model S Applying pressure to the red areas can cause
on the touchscreen also displays the open damage.
front trunk.
• Do not close the hood with one hand. Doing so
applies concentrated force in one area and can
WARNING: Before opening or closing the hood, it result in a dent or crease.
is important to check that the area around the
• Do not apply pressure to the front edge of the
hood is free of obstacles (people and objects).
hood. Doing so can crease the edge.
Failure to do so may result in damage or serious
injury. • Do not slam or drop the hood.
• To avoid scratches, don't have anything in your
The cargo weight should be distributed between the
hands (keys). Jewelry can also cause scratches.
front and rear trunks.
CAUTION: Never load more than 300 lbs (136 kg) WARNING: Before driving, you must ensure that
in the front trunk. Doing so can cause damage. the hood is securely latched in the fully closed
position by carefully trying to lift the front edge of
Closing the hood upward and confirming there is no
movement.
The Model S hood is not heavy enough to latch under its The front trunk locks when:
own weight and applying pressure on the front edge or
center of the hood can cause damage. • You lock Model S using the touchscreen, key or
mobile app.
To properly close the hood:
• You leave Model S carrying your key (if Walk-Away
Door Lock on page 10 is turned on).
1. Lower the hood until the striker touches the latches.
• Valet mode is active (see Valet Mode on page 38).
2. Place both hands on the front of the hood in the
areas shown (in green), then press down firmly to
engage the latches. Interior Emergency Release
3. Carefully try to lift the front edge of the hood to
ensure that it is fully closed. An illuminated interior release button inside the front
trunk allows a person locked inside to get out.

Front Trunk
Press the interior release button to open the front trunk,

then push up on the hood.
NOTE: The interior release button glows following a brief

exposure to ambient light.
WARNING: People should never climb inside the
front trunk. Never shut the front trunk when a
person is inside.
WARNING: Care should be taken to ensure that
objects inside the front trunk do not bump against
the release button, causing the hood to
accidentally open.

Interior Storage and Electronics
Glovebox
To open the glovebox, press the switch located on the
side of the touchscreen. The glovebox locks whenever
Model S is locked externally, using the key or walk-away
locking. It also locks when Model S is in Valet mode (see
Valet Mode on page 38). It does not lock when you
lock Model S using the lock icon on the touchscreen's
status bar.
For additional glovebox security, touch Controls >

Safety > Glovebox PIN to set a 4-digit PIN (see
Glovebox PIN on page 142).
NOTE: Do not connect multiple devices using a USB

hub. This can prevent connected devices from charging
or from being recognized by the Media Player.
NOTE: Power is available whenever the vehicle is
considered "awake" The vehicle may be awake for many
reasons. For example, when using features such as
Summon, or when features such as Preconditioning,
Cabin Overheat Protection, Keep Climate On, Dog Mode,
Camp Mode, Sentry Mode, etc. are enabled. The vehicle
is also awake whenever the low voltage battery is being
charged or is in use, during HV charging, when the
vehicle is communicating with the mobile app, etc.
Leaving an accessory plugged in does not deplete the
low voltage battery.
NOTE: If you leave the glovebox open, its light
eventually turns off. USB Drive Requirements for
WARNING: When driving, keep the glovebox
closed to prevent injury to a passenger if a
Recording Videos
collision or sudden stop occurs.
One or more features on your Model S requires the use
of a flash drive (for example, Dashcam, Sentry Mode that
USB Ports meets these requirements:
Your Model S has two USB ports located on the front of • Minimum storage capacity of 64 GB. Use a flash drive
the center console that you can use to connect USB with as much available storage as possible. Video
devices. To play audio files stored on a USB drive footage can occupy a large amount of space.
connected to these ports, see Playing Media from
• A sustained write speed of at least 4 MB/s. Note that
Devices on page 130. You can also use these ports to
sustained write speed differs from peak write speed.
charge USB devices.
• USB 2.0 compatible. If using a USB 3.0 flash drive, it
must support USB 2.0.
• Properly formatted (described below).
NOTE: In some market regions you can purchase

recommended USB drives on http://www.tesla.com.
Formatting a USB Flash Drive
To save and retrieve video footage, Model S requires a

USB flash drive formatted as exFAT, MS-DOS FAT (for
Mac), ext3, or ext4 (NTFS is currently not supported).
For use with Dashcam and Sentry Mode, the flash drive
must contain a base-level folder called TeslaCam.

Model S can format a USB flash drive for you. Insert the NOTE: Rear camera recordings are available only on
flash drive into a front USB port, and touch Controls > vehicles manufactured after approximately February
Safety > Format USB Drive. Doing so automatically 2018.
formats the drive as exFAT and creates a folder for
TeslaCam. The USB flash drive is now ready to record • Saved Clips: Contains all recordings that are saved
and save video footage. Format USB Drive is available using Dashcam.
only when a USB flash drive (with one or fewer • Sentry Clips: Contains the last 10 minutes of footage
partitions) is inserted into a front USB port. Choosing from all Sentry Mode events that triggered an Alert
Format USB Drive erases any existing content on the or Alarm state. If storage space on the USB flash
flash drive—before using this feature, you must move drive becomes limited, the oldest Sentry Clips are
any content you want to keep to a different device. deleted to provide space for new ones. Once deleted,
you cannot retrieve them.
If Model S is unable to format the flash drive, you must
format it using a computer. Remember to manually
create the TeslaCam folder (if equipped). When the USB flash drive runs out of storage space,
video footage can no longer be saved. To prevent the
You can also format the USB flash drive with a computer flash drive from getting full, regularly move saved videos
to use a single flash drive for Dashcam, Sentry Mode, to another device and delete them from the flash drive.
Track Mode (if equipped), and audio files. Create
separate partitions on the drive formatted as exFAT; for Wireless Phone Charger
example, one for Dashcam and Sentry Mode (you must
create the TeslaCam folder), one for Track Mode (create
If equipped, the Model S wireless phone charger
the TeslaTrackMode folder), and an audio partition.
provides up to 7.5W to charge a Qi-enabled phone.
Simply open the center console and place your phone in
Once the USB flash drive is formatted and contains the
the charger, located on the back of the bin cover. The
necessary folder(s), insert it into a front (or glovebox, if
wireless phone charger uses a front USB port. Your
equipped) USB port. Do not use a rear USB port— these
device may feel warm while charging, but this is a
are used only to charge USB devices. Once inserted, it
normal effect of inductive charging.
can take up to 15 seconds for Model S to recognize the
flash drive. When recognized, icons for Dashcam and
Sentry Mode appear at the top of your touchscreen and
your vehicle is ready to record videos. You may need to
first enable Sentry Mode (if equipped) by touching
Controls > Safety > Sentry Mode.
Viewing Video Recordings
You can view recorded footage on the touchscreen

when Model S is in Park. Touch the Dashcam icon
located in the app launcher or the Dashcam icon at the
top of the touchscreen. Touch the menu icon in the top
corner of the screen. The tabs display a list of all video
clips, organized by location and timestamp. Pause,
rewind, fast forward, and delete video recordings as
needed. You can also navigate to Controls > Safety >
Delete Dashcam Clips to delete all dashcam and Sentry
Mode footage, including recent and saved clips.
NOTE: Dashcam recording pauses when you launch the Model S will charge your phone only when the vehicle is
Viewer. powered on (the touchscreen is on and you are in the
vehicle). Your phone will not charge after exiting the
You can also view video footage by removing and vehicle. Model S will also not charge if the vehicle's
inserting the USB flash drive into a computer and Battery is discharged.
navigating to the TeslaCam (if equipped) folder.
NOTE: Ensure your phone supports inductive charging.
The TeslaCam folder contains three sub-folders:
NOTE: The wireless phone charger may not work if your
phone case is too large or is made of metal. Try
• Recent Clips: When recording, Dashcam continuously
removing the phone from its case before placing in the
saves footage to Recent Clips in 60-minute cycles.
charger.
Footage is overwritten every hour unless you
manually save it. Four videos are recorded for each
clip, one from each camera (front, rear, left, and
right).

Low Voltage Power Socket
Your Model S has a power socket located on the front of
the center console. Power is available whenever the
instrument panel and touchscreen are on.
The low voltage power socket is suitable for accessories

requiring up to 11A continuous draw (15A peak) or a
maximum of 150 continuous watts (180 watts peak).
NOTE: Power is available whenever the vehicle is

considered "awake" The vehicle may be awake for many
reasons. For example, when using features such as
Summon, or when features such as Preconditioning,
Cabin Overheat Protection, Keep Climate On, Dog Mode,
Camp Mode, Sentry Mode, etc. are enabled. The vehicle
is also awake whenever the low voltage battery is being
charged or is in use, during HV charging, when the
vehicle is communicating with the mobile app, etc.
Leaving an accessory plugged in does not deplete the
low voltage battery.
NOTE: In situations where Model S is unable to detect
the key fob (low battery, interference, etc.), place it
immediately below the low voltage power socket where
Model S can best detect it.
WARNING: The power socket and an accessory’s
connector can become hot.

Cup Holders
To expose a front cup holder, slide back the armrest.
To expose rear cup holders (if equipped), press and

release the cup holder face plate located at the back of
the center console.

Sunroof
Opening and Closing
If your Model S is equipped with a sunroof, you can vent
and close the sunroof remotely using the mobile app or
you can adjust the position of the sunroof by controlling
it from the menu on your right scroll wheel.
For full control of the sunroof, touch Controls on the

touchscreen. Drag, or tap on, the image of the sunroof
or touch the buttons next to the image of your vehicle.
The sunroof moves to the selected position. To stop the
sunroof from moving at any time, touch the image of the
sunroof.
• OPEN: touch once to open the sunroof to its comfort

position (75% open). Touch twice to open the sunroof
fully.
• VENT: touch to open the sunroof slightly.
• CLOSE: touch to fully close the sunroof.
NOTE: If the sunroof detects any obstruction, it does not

close. If, after removing the obstruction, it still does not
close, touch and hold CLOSE to override the sunroof’s
anti-trap mechanism.
NOTE: If you find wind noise (which varies depending on
driving speed) excessive, even with the sunroof in the
comfort position, open a window slightly.
CAUTION: Remove snow and ice before opening
the sunroof. Opening a sunroof covered in snow
and ice can cause damage.
WARNING: Do not allow occupants to extend any
part of their body through the sunroof. Doing so
can cause serious injury from flying debris, tree
branches, or other obstructions.
WARNING: Before closing the sunroof, ensure that
occupants, especially children, do not have any
body part extended through the sunroof opening.
Failure to do so can cause serious injury.
WARNING: Do not carry an object that protrudes
through the sunroof. Doing so can damage the
sunroof’s seals and anti-trap mechanism, and can
cause injury to occupants.

Front and Rear Seats
Correct Driving Position Adjusting the Front Seats
The seat, head support, seat belt and airbags work
together to maximize your safety. Using these correctly
ensures greater protection.
Position the seat so you can wear the seat belt correctly,
while being as far away from the front airbag as
possible:
1. Sit upright with both feet on the floor and the seat
back reclined no more than 30 degrees.
2. Make sure you can easily reach the pedals and that
your arms are slightly bent when holding the steering
wheel. Your chest should be at least 25 cm from the
center of the airbag cover.
3. Place the shoulder section of the seat belt mid-way
between your neck and your shoulder. Fit the lap
section of the belt tightly across your hips, not across
your stomach.
Model S seats include integrated head supports that

cannot be adjusted or removed.
1. Move seat forward/backward and adjust the seat’s

height and tilt angle up/down.
2. Adjust backrest.
3. Adjust lumbar support.
WARNING: Before adjusting a front seat, check

that the area around the seat is free of obstacles
(people and objects).
WARNING: Do not adjust seats while driving.
Doing so increases the risk of a collision.

Front and Rear Seats
WARNING: Riding in a moving vehicle with the
seat back reclined can result in serious injuries in a
Raising Rear Seats
collision, as you could slide under the lap belt or
be propelled into the seat belt. Ensure your seat Before raising a rear seat, make sure that the seat belts
back is reclined no more than 30 degrees when are not trapped behind the backrest.
the vehicle is moving.
Pull the seat back upward until it locks into place.
Folding Rear Seats To confirm that the seat back is locked in the upright
position, try pulling it forward.
Model S has a split rear seat that can fold forward.
WARNING: Always ensure the seat backs are
NOTE: Driving with the rear seats folded forward can locked in their upright position by pushing it
increase the amount of perceived noise and/or vibration forward or rearward. Failure to do so increases the
coming from the rear of the vehicle (trunk, suspension, risk of injury.
etc.).
Seat Heaters
Before folding, remove items from the seats and the rear
footwell. To allow the rear seat backs to fold completely
The front seats contain heating pads that operate at
flat, you may need to move the front seats forward.
three levels from 3 (highest) to 1 (lowest). To operate the
seat heaters, see Climate Controls on page 118.
If Model S is equipped with the cold weather package,

you can also control seat heaters in all rear seating
positions, as well as wiper defrosters and washer nozzles
by touching the climate controls on the touchscreen
(see Climate Controls on page 118).
WARNING: To avoid burns resulting from

prolonged use, individuals who have peripheral
neuropathy, or whose capacity to feel pain is
limited because of diabetes, age, neurological
injury, or some other condition, should exercise
caution when using the climate control system and
seat heaters.
Seat Covers
To fold a rear seat, pull the corresponding lever and fold
the seat forward. WARNING: Do not use seat covers in Model S.
Doing so could restrict deployment of the seat-
mounted side air bags if a collision occurs. Also, if
the vehicle is equipped with an occupant detection
system that is used to determine the status of the
passenger front airbag, seat covers may interfere
with this system.
Seating and Safety Restraints 23

Seat Belts
Wearing Seat Belts 4. Pull the belt to check that it is securely fastened.
5. Pull the diagonal part of the belt toward the reel to
Using seat belts and child safety seats is the most remove excess slack.
effective way to protect occupants if a collision occurs.
Therefore, wearing a seat belt is required by law in most
jurisdictions. To Release a Belt
Both the driver and passenger seats are equipped with Hold the belt near the buckle to prevent the belt from
three-point inertia reel seat belts. Inertia reel belts are retracting too quickly, then press the button on the
automatically tensioned to allow occupants to move buckle. The belt retracts automatically. Ensure there is
comfortably during normal driving conditions. no obstruction that prevents the belt from fully
retracting. The belt should not hang loose. If a seat belt
The seat belt reel automatically locks to prevent does not fully retract, contact Tesla.
movement of occupants if Model S experiences a force
associated with hard acceleration, braking, cornering, or
an impact in a collision. Wearing Seat Belts When Pregnant
Do not put the lap or shoulder sections of the seat belt
Seat Belt Reminders over the abdominal area. Wear the lap section of the
belt as low as possible across the hips, not the waist.
The seat belt reminder on the instrument Position the shoulder portion of the belt between the
panel alerts you if a seat belt for an breasts and to the side of the abdomen. Consult your
occupied driver or passenger seat is doctor for specific guidance.
unbuckled. If the belt remains unbuckled,
the reminder flashes and an intermittent
chime sounds. If all occupants are buckled
up and the reminder stays on, re-buckle
seat belts to ensure they are correctly
latched. Also remove any heavy objects
(such as a briefcase) from an unoccupied
seat. If the reminder light continues to stay
on, contact Tesla.
WARNING: Seat belts must be worn by passengers

in all seating positions.
To Fasten a Belt
1. Ensure correct positioning of the seat (see Correct
Driving Position on page 22).
2. Draw the belt out smoothly, ensuring the belt lays flat
across the pelvis, chest and mid-point of your collar
bone, between the neck and shoulder.
3. Insert the latch plate into the buckle and press
together until you hear a click indicating it is locked
in place.
WARNING: Never place anything between you and

the seat belt to cushion the impact in the event of
a collision.
Seat Belt Pre-tensioners

The front seat belts are equipped with pre‑tensioners
that work in conjunction with the airbags in a severe
frontal collision. The pre‑tensioners automatically retract
both the seat belt anchor and the seat belt webbing,
reducing slack in both the lap and diagonal portions of
the belts, resulting in reduced forward movement of the
occupant.

Seat Belts
The rear outboard seats are equipped with shoulder pre- For information about cleaning seat belts, see Seat Belts
tensioners to retract the seat belt webbing to reduce on page 171.
forward movement of the occupant.
Seat Belt Warnings
WARNING: Seat belts should be worn by all
occupants at all times, even if driving for a very
short distance. Failure to do so increases the risk
of injury or death if a collision occurs.
WARNING: Secure small children in a suitable child
safety seat as described in the Child Safety Seat
topic. Always follow the child safety seat
manufacturer's instructions when installing.
WARNING: Ensure that all seat belts are worn
correctly. An improperly worn seat belt increases
the risk of injury or death if a collision occurs.
WARNING: Do not wear seat belts over hard,
fragile or sharp items in clothing, such as pens,
keys, eyeglasses, etc. The pressure from the seat
belt on such items can cause injury.
WARNING: Seat belts should not be worn with any
part of the strap twisted.
WARNING: Each seat belt assembly must be used
by one occupant only. It is dangerous to put a seat
belt around a child being carried on an occupant’s
lap.
WARNING: Seat belts that have been worn in a
collision must be inspected or replaced by Tesla,
If the pre-tensioners and airbags did not activate in an even if damage to the assembly is not obvious.
impact, this does not mean they malfunctioned. It
usually means that the strength or type of force needed WARNING: Seat belts that show signs of wear
to activate them was not present. (such as fraying), or have been cut or damaged in
any way, must be replaced by Tesla.
WARNING: Once the seat belt pre-tensioners have WARNING: Avoid contaminating a seat belt’s
been activated, they must be replaced. After any components with any chemicals, liquids, grit, dirt
collision, have the airbags, seat belt pre-tensioners or cleaning products. If a seat belt fails to retract
and any associated components checked and, if or latch into the buckle, it must be replaced
necessary, replaced. immediately. Contact Tesla.
WARNING: Do not make modifications or
Testing Seat Belts additions that can prevent a seat belt mechanism
from taking up slack, or that can prevent a seat
To confirm that seat belts are operating correctly, belt from being adjusted to remove slack. A slack
perform these three simple checks on each seat belt. belt greatly reduces occupant protection.
WARNING: Do not make modifications that can
1. With the seat belt fastened, give the webbing nearest
interfere with the operation of a seat belt, or that
the buckle a quick pull. The buckle should remain
can cause a seat belt to become inoperable.
securely locked.
WARNING: Do not use after market comfort and
2. With the belt unfastened, unreel the webbing to its
convenience products that attach to the seat belts.
limit. Check that unreeling is free from snags, and
visually check the webbing for wear. Allow the WARNING: When seat belts are not in use, they
webbing to retract, checking that retraction is should be fully retracted and not hanging loose. If
smooth and complete. a seat belt does not fully retract, contact Tesla.
3. With the webbing half unreeled, hold the tongue WARNING: The seat belt system has no user
plate and pull forward quickly. The mechanism should serviceable parts and may contain pyrotechnics.
lock automatically and prevent further unreeling. Do not disassemble, remove, or replace
components.
If a seat belt fails any of these tests, contact Tesla
immediately.

Child Safety Seats
Guidelines for Seating Children

You must restrain infants and small children using a child safety seat appropriate for the child’s age, weight, and size.
In market regions where seating a child on the front passenger seat is legally permitted, you must never seat a child
on the front passenger seat when the associated airbag is enabled (see Airbags on page 33), even if the child is
seated in a child safety seat or a booster seat. DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY to the child can occur.
Refer to the following label fitted to the sun visors.
NOTE: The image shown below is representative only and may not be identical to the label in your vehicle.
The status of the passenger front airbag displays in the top corner of the touchscreen:
When driving with a child seat on the front passenger seat (if permitted in your market region),
always double-check the status of the passenger front airbag to confirm that it is OFF.
To protect an adult subsequently occupying the front passenger seat, check to verify that the
passenger front airbag is ON.
For details on how the passenger front airbag is controlled, see Airbags on page 33.
WARNING: Do not use Easy Entry (as described in Driver Profiles on page 37) to automatically move the
driver's seat to the full rearward position if a child safety seat is installed on a rear seat behind the driver's seat.
With reduced clearance, the movement of the seat may impact a child's legs, cause injury, or dislodge the seat.

Child Safety Seats
Choosing a Child Safety Seat

Refer to the following tables for guidelines on the type of seat belt installed and ISOFIX/i-Size installed child
restraint you should use based on the weight of the child.
WARNING: It is the driver’s responsibility to comply with all current regulations in regions where Model S is
driven. Some regions prohibit seating an infant or child in the front passenger seat.
Seat Belt Installed Child Restraints
Mass Group Front Passenger Rear Outboard Rear CenterC

Group 0 up to 10 kg X U U
Group 0+ up to 13 kg LA U U
Group I 9 - 18 kg UFB U, UF U, UF
Group II 15 - 25 kg UFB U, UF U, UF
Group III 22 - 36 kg UFB U, UF U, UF
U: Universal rear facing child restraint.
UF: Universal forward facing child restraint.
L: Suitable for these particular child restraints - Maxi-Cosi Cabrio/Cabriofix E4 04443517 or Takata Mini E4
04443717.
X: Seating position is not suitable for children in this mass group.
ASeat must be placed in rearmost lowest position.
BSeat must be placed in rearmost highest position.
CIf Model S is equipped with the optional executive rear seats, a rear center seating position is not available.
NOTE: Attach booster seats using seat belts only (do not use ISOFIX/i-Size).

Child Safety Seats
ISOFIX Installed Child Restraints
NOTE: ISOFIX/i-Size are international standards for attachment points for child safety seats in passenger vehicles.
Mass Group Size Class Fixture Rear Outboard ISOFIX Position

Group 0 up to 10 kg E R1 IL
NOTE: Attach booster seats using seat belts
only (do not use ISOFIX).
E R1 ILA, C
Group 0+ up to 13 kg D R2 ILA, C
C R3 ILA, C
D R2 ILB
C R3 ILB
Group I 9 - 18 kg B F2 IUF, ILB, D

B1 F2X IUF, ILB, D
A F3 IUF, ILB, D
IL: Suitable for any semi-universal child restraint (any rear or forward facing restraint with support leg).
IUF: Suitable for any universal child restraint (forward facing with tether).
ARecommendation: Takata Mini E4 04443717.
BRecommendation: Takata Midi E4 04444204.
CRecommendation: Maxi-cosi Cabriofix/Easyfix E4 04443517.
DRecommendation: Maxi-cosi Pearl/Familyfix E4 043908.
WARNING: Do not use ISOFIX/i-Size anchors with child restraint system or booster seats that have an integral
safety belt where the combined weight of the child plus the child restraint system exceeds 33 kg.

Child Safety Seats
Seating Larger Children Always follow the detailed instructions provided by the
child safety seat manufacturer. General guidelines are
provided below.
If a child is too large to fit into a child restraint system,
but too small to be safely secured using the vehicle's
1. Place the child safety seat in Model S, and fully
seat belts, use a booster seat appropriate for the child’s
extend the seat belt. Route and buckle the seat belt
age and size. When using and installing a booster seat,
in accordance with the child safety seat
carefully follow the instructions provided by the
manufacturer’s instructions.
manufacturer.
Two Installation Methods

NOTE: Always install child restraint systems by following
the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the
child restraint system.
Among many other variants, there are two general types

of child restraint systems based on how they are secured
in the seat:
• Belt-based - secured using the vehicle’s seat belts

(see Installing Seat Belt Retained Child Seats on page
29).
• ISOFIX/i-Size - secured to anchor bars built into the
vehicle's seats (see Installing ISOFIX Child Seats on
page 29).
2. Allow the seat belt to retract, and remove all slack in
Some child restraint systems can be installed using the seat belt while firmly pushing the child safety
either method. Refer to the instructions provided by the seat into the Model S seat.
manufacturer of the child restraint system to determine 3. Attach the upper tether strap(s), as required by the
which installation method to use and for detailed manufacturer of the child restraint system (see
installation instructions. Attaching Upper Tether Straps on page 31).
In Model S, belt-based child restraints can be installed in

any passenger seat and ISOFIX/i-Size systems can be Installing ISOFIX Child Seats
installed in either of the rear outboard seats. Specific
details about the type of child restraint system that can Lower ISOFIX/i-Size anchors are provided in the rear
be used in each seat is provided next. outboard seats. The anchors are located between the
seat's back rest and rear cushion. The exact location of
NOTE: ISOFIX and i-Size are international standards for each anchor is identified by a child safety seat
integrated anchors used in passenger vehicles to attach identification button, illustrated below. The button is
child safety seats. located on the seat back, directly above its associated
WARNING: Do not use ISOFIX/i-Size anchors with anchor.
child restraint system or booster seats that have an
integral safety belt where the combined weight of
the child plus the child restraint system exceeds 33
kg.
Installing Seat Belt Retained Child

Seats
First, make sure that the child safety seat is appropriate
for the weight, height, and age of the child.
Avoid dressing the child in bulky clothing and do not

place any objects between the child and the restraint
system.
Adjust harnesses for every child, every trip.

Child Safety Seats
In the rear, install ISOFIX/i-Size child safety seats in the

outboard seating positions only. Use only a seat belt
retained seat in the center position.
To install a ISOFIX/i-Size child safety seat, carefully read

and follow the instructions provided by the Adjust until the child restraint system is fitted firmly
manufacturer of the child restraint system. These against the seat back. Ensure the child restraint system
instructions describe how to slide the child restraint fits snugly.
system onto the seat's anchor bars until you hear it
"click" into place. You may need to push the child
restraint system firmly against the seat back to ensure it
fits snugly.

Child Safety Seats
Before seating a child, ensure that the child restraint

system is securely installed. Grasp the front of the child
restraint system with one hand on each side, and
attempt to:
Always position single-strap tethers to run over the top
• Twist the child restraint system from side to side. of the head support.
• Pull the child restraint system away from the seat. NOTE: To prevent the single-strap tether from moving
side to side, the top of the head support deforms.
If the child restraint system moves away from the seat,
both latches are not fully engaged onto the seat's
anchor bars. You must reinstall it and try again. It is
critical that both latches on the child restraint system
are fully engaged.
WARNING: Do not use ISOFIX/i-Size anchors with

child restraint system or booster seats that have an
integral safety belt where the combined weight of
the child plus the child restraint system exceeds 33
kg.
Attaching Upper Tether Straps

If an upper tether strap is provided, attach its hook to
the anchor point located on the back of the rear seats.
NOTE: The location of anchor points may not be readily

visible but can be found by identifying a slice in the
seat's material.
WARNING: Tighten upper tether straps according
to the instructions provided by the manufacturer
of the child safety seat.
WARNING: USE ONLY SEAT BELT RETAINED
CHILD SAFETY SEATS IN THE CENTER SEATING
POSITION.
For dual-strap tethers, position a strap on each side of

the head support.

Child Safety Seats
Testing a Child Safety Seat WARNING: Never attach two child safety seats to
one anchor point. In a collision, one anchor point
may be incapable of securing both seats.
Before seating a child, always make sure the child safety
seat is not loose: WARNING: Child restraint anchors are designed to
withstand only those loads imposed by correctly
1. Hold the child safety seat by the belt path and try to fitted child restraints. Under no circumstances are
slide the safety seat from side to side and front to they to be used for adult seat belts, harnesses, or
back. for attaching other items or equipment to the
vehicle.
2. If the seat moves more than 2.5 cm, it is too loose.
Tighten the belt or reconnect the ISOFIX/i-Size WARNING: Always check harnesses and tether
retained child safety seat. straps for damage and wear.
3. If you are unable to reduce slack, try a different seat WARNING: Never leave a child unattended, even if
location or try another child safety seat. the child is secured in a child safety seat.
WARNING: Never use a child safety seat that has
been involved in a collision. Have the seat
Child Safety Seat Warnings inspected or replaced as described in the child
safety seat manufacturer’s instructions.
WARNING: Never seat a child in a child safety seat
or a booster seat on the front passenger seat when
the airbag is activated. Doing so can cause serious
injury or death.
WARNING: Never use a rearward facing child
restraint on a seat protected by an active airbag.
Doing so can cause serious injury or death. Refer
to the warning label located on the sun visor.
WARNING: Child restraint systems are designed to
be secured in vehicle seats by lap belts or the lap
belt portion of a lap-shoulder belt. Children could
be endangered in a crash if their child restraints
are not properly secured in the vehicle.
WARNING: According to collision statistics,
children are safer when properly restrained in the
rear seating positions than in the front seating
positions.
WARNING: Do not use a forward facing child
safety seat until your child weighs over 9 kg and
can sit independently. Up to the age of two, a
child's spine and neck are not sufficiently
developed to avoid injury in a frontal impact.
WARNING: Do not allow a baby or infant to be
held on a lap. All children should be restrained in
an appropriate child safety seat at all times.
WARNING: To ensure children are safely seated,
follow all instructions provided in this document
and by the manufacturer of the child safety seat.
WARNING: Children should ride in a rear facing
child safety seat using the seat’s integrated 5-
point harness for as long as possible.
WARNING: Do not use seat belt extenders on a
seat belt that is being used to install a child safety
seat or booster seat.
WARNING: When seating larger children, make
sure the child's head is supported and the child’s
seat belt is properly adjusted and fastened. The
shoulder portion of the belt must be away from
the face and neck, and the lap portion must not be
over the stomach.

Airbags
Location of Airbags
Airbags are located in the approximate areas shown below. Airbag warning information is printed on the sun visors.
Model S is equipped with an airbag and lap/shoulder belt at both front seating positions. The airbag is a
supplemental restraint at those seating positions. All occupants, including the driver, should always wear their seat
belts whether or not an airbag is also provided at their seating position to minimize the risk of severe injury or death
in the event of a crash.
NOTE: On RHD (Right Hand Drive) vehicles, the locations of the passenger and driver airbags are reversed.
1. Passenger front airbag

2. Driver’s front airbag
3. Side airbags
4. Curtain airbags

Airbags
How Airbags Work To protect an adult subsequently
occupying the front passenger seat,
Airbags inflate when sensors detect an impact that check to verify that the passenger front
exceeds deployment thresholds. These thresholds are airbag is ON.
designed to predict the severity of a crash in time for
WARNING: If seating a child in the front passenger
the airbags to help protect the vehicle's occupants.
seat is legally permissible in your market region, it
Airbags inflate instantly with considerable force
is the driver's responsibility to ensure that the
accompanied by a loud noise. The inflated bag, together
passenger front airbag is OFF. Never seat a child in
with the seat belts, limits movement of occupants to
the front passenger seat with an active airbag,
reduce the risk of injury.
even if using a child safety seat or booster seat.
DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY to the child can occur.
Front airbags are not ordinarily designed to inflate in
rear collisions, rollovers, side collisions and when braking
heavily or driving over bumps and potholes. Likewise, Disabling the Passenger Front
front airbags may not inflate in all frontal collisions, such
as minor front collisions, underride collisions, or minor
Airbag
impacts with narrow objects (such as posts or poles).
Significant superficial damage can occur to the vehicle When a child is seated in the front passenger seat (even
without the airbags inflating and, conversely, a relatively when the child is seated in a child safety seat or booster
small amount of structural damage can cause airbags to seat), you must disable the passenger front airbag to
inflate. Therefore, the external appearance of the vehicle prevent it from injuring the child if a collision occurs.
after a collision does not represent whether or not the Touch Controls > Safety > Passenger Front Airbag.
front airbags should have inflated.
NOTE: You can also touch the airbag status indicator to
WARNING: Before modifying your vehicle to access to the control used to turn the passenger front
accommodate a person with disabilities in a way airbag on or off.
that may affect the airbag system, contact Tesla. NOTE: Model S has a capacitive touchscreen and may
not respond to your touch if you are wearing standard
Types of Airbags gloves. If the touchscreen is not responding, remove
gloves or wear gloves with conductive fingertips for use
with capacitive touchscreens.
Model S has the following types of airbags:
WARNING: Never seat a child in a child safety seat
• Front airbags: The front airbags are designed to or a booster seat on the front passenger seat when
reduce injuries if larger children or adults are riding in the airbag is active. Doing so can cause serious
the front seats. Follow all warnings and instructions injury or death.
related to seating a child on the front passenger seat WARNING: If the passenger front airbag does not
(if permitted in your market region). appear to be functioning (for example, if the
• Side airbags: Side airbags protect the thorax region airbag is on, even if you have turned it off , or vice
of the torso and the pelvis. They inflate only if a versa), do not seat a passenger in the front seat.
severe side impact occurs. Side airbags on the non- Contact Tesla immediately.
impacted side of the vehicle do not inflate.
• Curtain airbags: Curtain airbags help protect the Ensuring Accurate Occupant
head. Curtain airbags on both the impacted and non-
impacted side of the vehicle inflate only if a severe
Classification
side impact occurs, or if the vehicle rolls over.
To help ensure an occupant in the front passenger seat
can be accurately classified, the passenger must:
Passenger Front Airbag Status
• Wear a seat belt.
The status of the passenger front airbag displays in the • Sit upright on the center of the seat cushion, with
top corner of the touchscreen: shoulders resting against the seat back and legs
extended comfortably in front with feet on the floor.
When driving with a child seat on the See Examples of Correct and Incorrect Seating
front passenger seat (if permitted in Positions on page 35.
your market region), always double-
• Remain positioned on the seat cushion and not lift
check the status of the passenger front
their weight off the seat (for example, by pushing
airbag to confirm that it is OFF.
their feet against the floor or pressing on the center
console or armrest to lift up).
• Never wear thick, wet, or bulky clothing (such as ski
wear or padded clothing).

Airbags
In addition to the items listed above, the following
situations can interfere with the accuracy of the
occupant classification system:
• Placing a radio transmitter (for example, a hunting

radio or walkie-talkie) on the front passenger seat.
• Placing an AC/DC inverter, or a device that is being
powered by the inverter (for example, a cell phone,
tablet, or computer) on the front passenger seat
cushion.
• Placing liquid (such as a bottled drink) or food
containers on a car seat when a child seat is present.
• Objects lodged under the seat or wedged between
the seat back and cushion.
• Heavy objects sitting on the seat (briefcase, large
purse). Incorrect seating position - the passenger's feet must be
• Cargo interfering with the seat. on the floor:
• Aftermarket items attached to or placed between the

seat and the occupant, such as covers, mats,
blankets, etc.
These conditions can interfere with the occupancy

sensor. If you have eliminated the above possibilities,
and the airbag status is still incorrect, instruct
passengers to ride in the rear seats and contact Tesla to
have the airbag system checked.
NOTE: The front passenger occupancy sensor affects

the operation of the passenger front airbags only. The
side airbags are not affected.
WARNING: Tesla follows NHTSA (National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration)
recommendations that all occupants age 12 and
under must ride in a rear seating position.
Incorrect seating position - the passenger must not slide
WARNING: Failure to follow the above instructions forward on the seat cushion:
can adversely affect the Occupant Classification
System (OCS) which can cause serious injury or
death.
WARNING: If the front passenger airbag is not
turning on or off as expected, do not seat a
passenger in the front passenger seat. Contact
Tesla Service.
WARNING: To ensure accuracy of the occupant
detection system, do not make any modifications
to the front passenger seat.
WARNING: Do not use seat covers on Model S.
mounted side air bags if a collision occurs. It can
also reduce the accuracy of the occupant
classification system.
Examples of Correct and Incorrect Incorrect seating position - the passenger must not
Seating Positions recline the backrest to a laying down position when the
vehicle is moving:
Correct seating position:

Airbags
WARNING: All occupants, including the driver,
should always wear their seat belts, whether or not
an airbag is also provided at their seating position,
to minimize the risk of severe injury or death in the
event of a collision.
WARNING: Front seat occupants should not place
their arms over the airbag module, as an inflating
airbag can cause fractures or other injuries.
WARNING: Do not use seat covers on Model S.
mounted side air bags if a collision occurs. It can
also reduce the accuracy of the occupant
detection system, if equipped.
WARNING: Airbags inflate with considerable
speed and force, which can cause injury. To limit
injuries, ensure that occupants are wearing seat
Inflation Effects belts and are correctly seated, with the seat
positioned as far back as possible.
WARNING: When airbags inflate, a fine powder is WARNING: Children should not be seated on the
released. This powder can irritate the skin and front passenger seat unless permitted by
should be thoroughly flushed from the eyes and regulations in your market region. Follow all
from any cuts or abrasions. regulations in your region for the appropriate way
to seat a child based on the child's weight, size,
After inflation, the airbags deflate to provide a gradual and age. The safest place to seat infants and
cushioning effect for the occupants and to ensure the young children is in the rear seating positions.
driver’s forward vision is not obscured. Seating an infant or child in a rear-facing child
restraint system on a seat equipped with an
If airbags have inflated, or if your vehicle has been in a operational airbag can cause serious injury or
collision, always have the airbags, seat belt pre- death.
tensioners and any associated components checked
WARNING: To ensure correct inflation of the side
and, if necessary, replaced by Tesla.
airbags, maintain an unobstructed gap between an
In a collision, in addition to the airbags inflating: occupant’s torso and the side of Model S.
WARNING: Passengers shouldn't lean their heads
• Doors unlock, and the door handles extend. against doors. Doing so can cause injury if a
curtain airbag inflates.
• Hazard warning lights turn on.
WARNING: Do not allow passengers to obstruct
• Interior lights turn on.
the operation of an airbag by placing feet, knees
• High voltage is disabled (you must contact Tesla or any other part of the body on or near an airbag.
Service to restore high voltage power).
WARNING: Do not attach or place objects on or
near the front airbags, the side of the front seats,
Airbag Warning Indicator the headliner at the side of the vehicle, or any
other airbag cover that could interfere with
inflation of an airbag. Objects can cause serious
The airbag indicator on the instrument injury if the vehicle is in a collision severe enough
cluster remains lit if the airbag system is to cause the airbag to inflate.
malfunctioning. The only time this indicator
should light up is briefly when Model S first WARNING: Following inflation, some airbag
powers up, in which case it turns off within components are hot. Do not touch until they have
a few seconds. If it remains lit, contact cooled.
Tesla immediately and do not drive.
Airbag Warnings
WARNING: Do not place objects over or near
airbags because any such objects could cause
harm if the vehicle is in a crash severe enough to
cause the airbag to inflate.

Driver Profiles
Creating a Driver Profile WARNING: Never use Easy Entry to move the
driver's seat to the full rearward position when a
child safety seat is installed on a rear seat located
When you first adjust the driver’s seat, steering wheel behind the driver's seat. With reduced clearance,
position, or exterior side mirrors, the touchscreen the movement of the seat may impact a child's
prompts you to create a driver profile to save these legs, cause injury, or dislodge the seat.
adjustments. Your profile also saves various preferences
you make while customizing Model S.
Selecting Between Driver Profiles
To add a new driver profile, touch the
driver profile icon at the top of the To adjust Model S based on a driver’s
touchscreen. Then touch Driver Profile profile, touch the driver profile icon at the
Settings > Add New Driver, type the top of the touchscreen. Then choose the
driver's name and touch Create Profile. driver, and Model S is adjusted based on
Follow the onscreen instructions. Check the settings that have been saved to the
the Use Easy Entry checkbox if you want chosen driver profile.
to save (or use existing) Easy Entry
settings in which the driver's seat and the
steering wheel are automatically adjusted Saved Settings
to make it easy to enter and exit Model S.
A subset of the settings that you choose to customize
If you change the position of the driver’s seat, steering your Model S are automatically saved to your driver's
wheel, or exterior side mirrors after you have saved or profile. Once saved, a green check mark appears next to
chosen a driver profile, the touchscreen prompts you to the driver profile icon on the touchscreen. Examples of
Save the new position or Restore the previously saved automatically saved driver profile settings are:
position (other settings are automatically saved). To
change a setting without saving or restoring, just ignore • Navigation, temperature, lights and display settings.
the prompt.
• Autopilot and driving preferences.
NOTE: Valet mode is a built-in driver profile that limits
speed and restricts access to some Model S features NOTE: The settings that are associated with driver
(see Valet Mode on page 38). profiles vary depending on the vehicle's date of
manufacture and version of software installed.
NOTE: Depending on date of manufacture and options
not equipped with the driver profile feature. Also, in Linking a Driver Profile to a Key
cases where the vehicle is equipped with driver profiles,
some features may not be automatically saved and
Fob
adjusted based on the driver profile (for example, mirror
You can link a driver profile to a specific key fob to allow
position).
Model S to automatically select the correct driver profile
NOTE: To stop automatic adjustments that are in when the linked key fob is detected as you approach the
process based on a driver's profile, touch Stop on the vehicle and open the driver's door. To link a driver profile
Driver Profile dropdown menu. Automatic adjustments to a key fob, enter Model S with the key fob and touch
also stop if you manually adjust a seat, mirror, or the the driver profile icon at the top of the touchscreen.
steering wheel. Select the driver profile you would like to link to the key
fob, then touch Link to Key Fob.
Easy Entry NOTE: Model S detects only one key fob at a time. The
driver profile is linked to the key fob that is detected by
You can define an Easy Entry setting that moves the the vehicle at that time. Therefore, if you want to link
steering wheel and driver's seat to make it easy to enter driver profiles to multiple key fobs, ensure that only the
and exit Model S. Any driver can use the Easy Entry key fob that you would like to link the driver profile to is
setting by associating it with their driver's profile. When within detection range while performing the linking
the Easy Entry setting is associated with a driver's procedure. Move all other key fobs outside of the
profile, the steering wheel and driver's seat detection range (at least one meter away from Model S).
automatically adjust when in Park and the driver's seat
belt is unbuckled, allowing an easy exit from Model S. NOTE: Model S can support up to three linked key fobs.
When returning to the vehicle and stepping on the brake However, a driver profile can only be linked to one key
pedal, settings automatically adjust back to the settings fob.
used by the most recent driver profile (or based on the
key if it's linked to a driver profile). To remove the link between a driver profile and key fob,
touch the driver profile icon at the top of the
To use Easy Entry with a driver profile, ensure the Use touchscreen. Select the driver profile, then touch the X
Easy Entry box is checked. next to Linked to Key Fob.
Driving 37
Driver Profiles
Valet Mode Canceling Valet Mode
When Model S is in Valet mode, the following With Model S in Park, touch the Valet Mode driver
restrictions apply: profile icon at the top of the touchscreen, and enter your
4-digit PIN.
• Speed is limited to 113 km/h.
When you cancel Valet mode, all settings associated
• Maximum acceleration and power are limited. with the most recently used driver profile and climate
• Front trunk and glovebox are locked. control settings are restored, and all features are
available.
• Home and Work locations are not available in the
navigation system. NOTE: You do not need to enter a PIN to cancel Valet
• Voice commands are disabled. mode from the mobile app.
• Autopilot convenience features are disabled.
• The Allow Mobile Access setting cannot be changed
• HomeLink (if available in your market region) is not
accessible.
• Driver Profiles are not accessible.
• Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are disabled. When Model S is in
Valet mode, you cannot pair new Bluetooth devices
or view or delete existing paired devices. However, if
a Bluetooth-paired device or a known Wi-Fi network
is within range, Model S connects to it.
Starting Valet Mode
With Model S in Park, touch the driver profile icon at the

top of the touchscreen, then touch Valet Mode.
The first time you enter Valet mode, the touchscreen

prompts you to create a 4-digit PIN you will use to
cancel Valet mode.
When Valet mode is active, the instrument panel

displays the word Valet and the Valet mode driver
profile displays on the touchscreen.
You can also use the mobile app to start and cancel
Valet mode (provided Model S is in Park). When using
the mobile app, you do not need to enter a PIN because
you are already required to log into the app using your
Tesla Account credentials.
NOTE: If the PIN to Drive setting is enabled (see PIN to

Drive on page 142), you must enter the driving PIN
before you can define or enter a Valet PIN. Once in Valet
mode, Model S can be driven without the valet needing
to enter the driving PIN.
NOTE: The PIN to Drive setting is not available when
Valet mode is active.
If you forget your valet PIN, reset it from inside Model S

by entering your Tesla Account credentials (which also
cancels Valet mode). You can also reset your PIN using
the mobile app.

Steering Wheel
Adjusting Steering Wheel Position
Adjust the steering wheel to the desired driving position
by moving the control on the left side of the steering
column. Using this control, you can move the steering
wheel forward and backward and up and down.
1. Next
If you are listening to local or satellite radio and you

have defined more than one radio preset, press to
play the next preset in the radio band that is
currently playing. If you have not defined more than
one preset, press to go to the next available
frequency.
If you are listening to Internet radio, or to an audio file

on a connected Bluetooth or USB device, press to
skip to the next song or station.
WARNING: Do not make adjustments while
driving. If you have more than one favorite defined, press and
hold to cycle through favorites.
Adjusting Steering Effort

2. Scroll Button
You can adjust the feel and sensitivity of the steering ◦ To adjust the media volume, roll up or down.
system to suit your personal preference: NOTE: The scroll button adjusts the volume for
media, navigation instructions and phone calls
1. On the touchscreen, touch Controls > Pedals & based on what is currently in use. As you adjust
Steering > Steering Mode. volume, the instrument panel displays the volume
level and whether you are adjusting volume for
2. Choose a steering option:
media, navigation or phone.
◦ Comfort - Reduces the effort required to turn the
steering wheel. In town, Model S feels easier to ◦ To mute the media volume, or to pause/play an
drive and park. audio file, tap the scroll button.
◦ Standard - Tesla believes that this setting offers ◦ To choose what displays on the left side of the
the best handling and response in most instrument panel, hold the scroll button briefly
conditions. until the available options are displayed. Roll the
◦ Sport - Increases the effort required to turn the scroll button to choose Empty, Car Status, Clock,
steering wheel. When driving at higher speeds, Media, Energy, Trips, Suspension, etc. When the
Model S feels more responsive. option you want is highlighted, tap the scroll
button.
NOTE: The option you choose to display using the
Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons left scroll button is retained until you manually
change it.
Use the buttons on the left side of the steering wheel to
NOTE: Car status displays information such as
change radio stations, control media player volume, and
status of doors and trunks, and on newer model
to choose what displays on the left side of the
vehicles, the tire pressure measurements.
instrument panel (whenever the Navigation app is not
displaying instructions).
3. Previous
Same as described above for Next, except it skips to

the previous song or station. If you have more than
one favorite defined, press and hold to cycle through
favorites.
Driving 39
Steering Wheel
NOTE: Regardless of how you customize the left side of ◦ Suspension. Display a real-time visualization of
the instrument panel, it automatically changes to display how the suspension system is dynamically
navigation instructions (if applicable), or to let you know adjusting each wheel’s damping to account for
if a door or trunk is open when Model S is in Drive or changing road conditions. Roll the scroll button to
Reverse. choose Suspension and then press the scroll
button. See Air Suspension on page 138.
Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons 3. Menu button
Use the buttons on the right side of the steering wheel Press to display a menu that allows you to control the
to access call options while on a phone call, to choose following Model S:
what displays on the right side of the instrument panel,
to adjust Model S features, and to use voice commands. ◦ Temperature. Roll the scroll button to change the
driver side temperature, or press the wheel to turn
NOTE: Whenever you receive or make a phone call, the the climate control system on and off.
right side of the instrument panel automatically displays
call options to help you easily handle phone calls on ◦ Fan Speed. Roll the scroll button to adjust the
your Bluetooth-connected phone. speed of the fan used to cool or heat the cabin.
◦ Display Brightness. Roll the scroll button to
change the brightness level of the displays, or
press the wheel to restore default settings.
◦ Sunroof (if equipped). Roll the scroll button to
adjust the position of the sunroof.
◦ Recent Calls. If your phone is paired to Model S,
roll the scroll button to view your recent calls.
Press the scroll button to call the contact that's
displayed. To pair your phone, see Pairing a
Bluetooth Phone on page 135.
◦ Contacts. If your phone is paired to Model S, roll
the scroll button to navigate to contacts in your
1. Press to use a voice command to call a contact,
phone. Your contacts are listed alphabetically by
navigate, or listen to Internet music. When you hear
their last name. To pair your phone, see Pairing a
the tone, speak your command. For details, see Voice
Bluetooth Phone on page 135.
Commands on page 140.
2. Scroll Button
Press the menu button again to close the feature list.
◦ During a phone call, touch the scroll button to
display call options that allow you to perform an
action on the call. Heated Steering Wheel
◦ Roll the scroll button to adjust the most recently
used feature from the feature list (see Menu If Model S is equipped with the cold weather package,
button). you can warm up the steering wheel by touching climate
controls on the touchscreen (see Climate Controls on
◦ To choose what displays on the right side of the page 118). When turned on, radiant heat keeps the
instrument panel, hold the scroll button briefly steering wheel at a comfortable temperature.
until the available options are displayed. Roll the
scroll button to choose Empty, Car Status, Clock, NOTE: Depending on date of manufacture, your Model S
Media, Energy, Trips, Suspension, etc. When the may not include a heated steering wheel, even when
option you want is highlighted, tap the scroll equipped with the optional cold weather package.
button.
NOTE: Car status displays information such as Horn
status of doors and trunks, and on newer model
vehicles, the tire pressure measurements. To sound the horn, press and hold the center pad on the
NOTE: The option you choose to display using the steering wheel.
right scroll button is retained until you manually
change it.
◦ To restart the touchscreen, hold down both scroll

buttons for approximately five seconds. See
Restarting the Touchscreen on page 44.

Steering Wheel
Driving 41
Mirrors
Adjusting Exterior Mirrors The driver’s side mirror automatically dims at night, in
proportion to the level of glare from the headlights of a
vehicle behind you (except when in Reverse). Also, both
Press the button associated with the mirror you want to exterior side mirrors have heaters that turn on and off
adjust (left or right). The button's light turns on and you with the rear window defroster.
can then press the dial to move the mirror to the desired
position. Repeat for the other side mirror. If prompted, NOTE: Depending on date of manufacture and options
touch Save on the touchscreen to save the mirror selected at time of purchase, some Model S vehicles are
adjustment in your driver profile. not equipped with a side mirror that automatically dims
at night and may not include heated side mirrors. In
addition, mirror adjustments may not be saved to your
driver profile.
NOTE: See Cold Weather Best Practices on page 72
for information to ensure your mirrors function properly
in cold weather.
Auto-Fold Mirrors Based on Location
Model S can automatically fold and unfold the side

mirrors based on location, which saves you from having
to manually position them each time you need to fold or
unfold the mirrors when at a frequented place (such as
narrow garages, tight parking spaces, etc.).
To set up, Model S must be driving at a low speed (less

than 3 mph/5 kph) or stopped at the location you want
your vehicle to remember. Go to Controls > Vehicle >
To fold and unfold exterior mirrors, press the center Always Fold Mirrors at this Location. Next time you
button. You can set the mirrors to fold automatically approach the saved location, your mirrors fold and
whenever Model S is locked by touching Controls > unfold within 25 feet (7.5 meters) of the specified
Vehicle > Mirror Auto-Fold. The mirrors unfold location.
automatically whenever you unlock Model S.
You can also integrate auto-folding mirrors with
When you use the center button to fold the mirrors in HomeLink (see HomeLink Universal Transceiver on page
for parking in a tight space, the mirrors remain folded in 146). To enable, go to HomeLink > Auto-Fold Mirrors
until your driving speed reaches 50 km/h, or until you when Nearby.
use the center button to unfold the mirrors.
CAUTION: Mirrors may not automatically fold or
NOTE: You can override the automatic folding/unfolding unfold if you return to a saved location and are
of mirrors at any time (for example, Model S has no driving faster than 3 mph/5 kph.
power) by pushing the mirror assembly away from you
to unfold, or pulling it toward you to fold. Mirror Auto-tilt When Reversing
NOTE: You cannot fold a mirror if driving above
50 km/h. Both exterior mirrors can automatically tilt downward
when backing up. To adjust the auto-tilt position, shift
into Reverse, then adjust the mirrors (press the button
associated with the mirror you want to adjust, then press
the dial to move the mirror to the desired position).
When you shift into another drive mode, the mirrors tilt
back to their normal (upward) position. But now that
you have adjusted them for backing up, they
automatically tilt to the selected downward position
whenever you shift into Reverse.
You can turn the auto-tilt feature on or off using the

touchscreen, Touch Controls > Vehicle > Mirror Auto-
Tilt.
NOTE: Depending on date of manufacture and options

not equipped with Mirror Auto-Tilt.

Mirrors
Rear View Mirror
The rear view mirror is adjusted manually. When in Drive
or Neutral, the rear view mirror automatically dims in low
lighting conditions based on the time of day (for
example, when driving at night).
Driving 43
Starting and Powering Off
Starting A number of factors can affect whether Model S can
detect the key fob. These include a low battery in the
key fob, interference from other devices using radio
When you open a door to enter Model S, the instrument signals, and objects between the key fob and receiver.
panel and touchscreen power on and you can operate all
controls. To drive Model S: Always keep the key fob with you. After driving, the key
fob is needed to restart Model S after it powers off. And
1. Press the brake pedal - Model S powers on and is when you leave Model S, you must bring the key fob
ready to drive. with you to lock Model S, either manually or
2. Select a drive mode - move the drive stalk down for automatically.
Drive or up for Reverse (see Shifting on page 46).
Powering Off
NOTE: If the PIN to Drive feature is enabled (see PIN to
Drive on page 142), you must also enter a valid PIN on When you finish driving, shift into Park by pressing the
the touchscreen before you can drive Model S. button on the end of the drive stalk. When you leave
NOTE: If Passive Entry is off and you do not press the Model S with the key fob, it powers off automatically,
brake pedal to start Model S within approximately five turning off the instrument panel and touchscreen.
minutes, a message displays on the instrument panel
and you must use the key to lock then unlock Model S Model S also powers off automatically after being in
again before you can drive the vehicle. Park for 30 minutes, even if you are sitting in the driver’s
seat.
Everything you need to know when driving Model S
displays on the instrument panel. Although usually not needed, you can power off Model S
while sitting in the driver’s seat, provided the vehicle is
not moving. Touch Controls > Safety > Power Off.
Key Fob Not Inside Model S automatically powers back on again if you press
the brake pedal or touch the touchscreen.
If Model S does not detect a key fob when you press the
brake, the instrument panel displays a message telling NOTE: Model S automatically shifts into Park whenever it
you that a key fob is not inside. determines that you are exiting the vehicle (for example,
the driver's seat belt is unbuckled and the vehicle is
If you receive this message, press the brake and place almost at a standstill). If you shift into Neutral, Model S
the key fob in the center console cup holder where shifts into Park when you open the door to exit. To keep
Model S can best detect it. Model S in Neutral, see Instructions for Transporters on
page 191.
Restarting the Touchscreen

You can restart your touchscreen if it is unresponsive or
demonstrates unusual behavior.
NOTE: To ensure the safety of occupants as well as

other road users, restart the touchscreen only when the
vehicle is in Park.
1. Shift into Park.

2. Hold down both scroll buttons on the steering wheel
until the touchscreen turns black.
If Model S still does not detect the key fob, try holding it
against the center console, immediately below the low
voltage power socket (see Low Voltage Power Socket
on page 19). Or try using another key fob. If another key
fob does not work, contact Tesla.

Starting and Powering Off
3. After a few seconds, the Tesla logo appears. Wait
approximately 30 seconds for the touchscreen to
restart. If the touchscreen is still unresponsive or
demonstrating unusual behavior after a few minutes,
try power cycling the vehicle. See Power Cycling the
Vehicle on page 45.
NOTE: Restarting the touchscreen using the scroll

buttons does not power Model S off and on.
Power Cycling the Vehicle

You can power cycle Model S if it demonstrates unusual
behavior or displays a nondescript alert.
1. Shift into Park.

2. On the touchscreen, touch Controls > Safety > Power
Off.
3. Wait for at least two minutes without interacting with
the vehicle. Do not open the doors, touch the brake
pedal, touch the touchscreen, etc.
4. After two minutes, press the brake pedal or open the
door to wake the vehicle.
Driving 45
Shifting
How to Shift Drive
When Model S is in Park, you must press the brake pedal Push the drive stalk all the way down and release. You
to shift. can shift into Drive when Model S is stopped or moving
less than 8 km/h in Reverse.
Move the drive stalk up or down to shift into different
drive modes.
Park
Press the end of the drive stalk while Model S is stopped.
Model S automatically shifts into Park whenever you

connect a charge cable or if two or more of the
following conditions are met simultaneously while
traveling slower than approximately 2 km/h:
• The driver's seat belt is unbuckled.

If you try to shift when it is prohibited by the current • The occupancy sensor in the driver's seat does not
driving speed, a chime sounds and the drive mode does detect an occupant.
not change.
• The driver's door is opened.
Reverse To make it convenient to pick up passengers, you can

also unlock all doors and/or extend the door handles at
Push the drive stalk all the way up and release. You can any time by shifting into Park then pressing the Park
only shift into Reverse when Model S is stopped or button a second time.
moving less than 8 km/h.
NOTE: You must press the brake pedal to shift out of
Park.
Neutral
NOTE: The above conditions do not reflect a
comprehensive list of reasons why Model S may or may
Neutral allows Model S to roll freely when you are not
not automatically shift into Park and, in certain
pressing the brake pedal:
scenarios, it is possible for your vehicle to shift into Park
when only one of the above conditions is true.
• When in Park, shift into Neutral by briefly pushing the
drive stalk either up or down to the first position. WARNING: In emergency situations, if the brakes
are not functioning properly, press and hold the
• When in Drive, shift into Neutral by briefly pushing Park button on the drive stalk to bring the vehicle
the drive stalk up to the first position. If Autosteer or to a stop. Do not use this method to stop the
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (if equipped) is active, vehicle unless absolutely necessary.
you must push the drive stalk up to the first position
and hold it there for more than 1 second. In doing so, WARNING: It is the driver's responsibility to always
Autosteer or Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is disabled. ensure the vehicle is in Park before exiting. Never
rely on Model S to automatically shift into Park for
• When in Reverse, shift into Neutral by briefly pushing you; it might not work in all circumstances (for
the drive stalk down to the first position. example, if Creep or a slope causes the vehicle to
travel greater than approximately 2 km/h).
NOTE:
NOTE: You must press the brake pedal to shift out of
Neutral if driving slower than approximately 8 km/h.
If Model S is in Park and you use the touchscreen to

release the parking brake (Controls > Safety > Parking
Brake), Model S shifts into Neutral (see Parking Brake on
page 59).

Lights
Controlling Lights The rear fog indicator displays on the
instrument panel whenever rear fog lights
Touch Controls > Lights to control the lights. are on.
In addition to the lights that you can control from the

touchscreen, Model S has convenience lights that turn
The front fog indicator displays on the
on and off automatically based on what you are doing.
instrument panel whenever the optional
For example, interior lights, marker lights, tail lights,
front fog lights are on.
door handle lights, and puddle lights turn on when you
unlock Model S, when you open a door, and when you
shift into Park. They turn off automatically after a minute
or two or when you shift or lock Model S. Use these NOTE: Depending on the market region and vehicle
settings to control exterior and interior lights: options, your vehicle may not be equipped with front
and/or rear fog lights.
Exterior Lights
NOTE: In some regions, there is no control for the front
Exterior lights (headlights, tail lights, side marker lights, fog lights. They operate in conjunction with the
parking lights, and license plate lights) are set to AUTO headlights and turn on only in situations where low
each time you start Model S. When set to AUTO, exterior beam headlights are on.
lights automatically turn on when driving in low lighting
conditions. If you change to a different setting, lights Interior Lights
always revert to AUTO on your next drive.
Turn the interior dome (map) lights on or off. If set to
Touch one of these options to change the exterior light AUTO, all interior dome lights turn on when you unlock
setting: Model S, open a door upon exiting, or shift into Park.
• OFF: Exterior lights turn off until you manually turn NOTE: You can also manually turn an individual dome
them back on or until the next time you drive. If light on or off by pressing its lens. If you turn a dome
daytime running lights are required in your region, light on, it turns off when Model S powers off. If Model S
the exterior lights used for this purpose are always on was already powered off when you manually turned the
when Drive is engaged. light on, it turns off after 60 minutes.
• PARKING: Only the side marker lights, parking lights, Ambient Lights
tail lights and license plate lights turn on.
NOTE: If daytime running lights are required in your When enabled, interior ambient lights turn on whenever
region, the exterior lights used for this purpose are the headlights are on.
always on whenever Drive or Reverse is engaged.
Auto High Beam
• ON: Exterior lights turn on.
If you turn on Auto High Beam (available on vehicles
equipped with Autopilot components), headlights
CAUTION: Ensure the headlights and rear lights automatically switch from high beam headlights to low
are on during low visibility conditions (for example, beam headlights when light is detected in front of
when it is dark, foggy, snowy, or the road is wet, Model S. See High Beam Headlights on page 47.
etc.). The rear tail lights are off while daytime
running lights are on. Failure to do so can cause Headlights after Exit
damage or serious injury.
NOTE: To comply with local traffic regulations when If you turn on Headlights after Exit, the exterior lights
crossing from a left-hand traffic region to a right-hand remain on for one minute after you stop driving and park
traffic region, and vice versa, headlights should be Model S in low lighting conditions. See Headlights After
adjusted. If you plan to drive to a region that requires Exit on page 48.
headlights to be adjusted, schedule a service
appointment using the mobile app. NOTE: Model S has lights along the rim of the
headlights, also referred to as "signature" lights. These
Fog Lights lights automatically turn on whenever Model S is
powered on and a drive mode is engaged.
If equipped, touch to turn the fog lights on or off. Fog
lights operate only when low beam headlights are on. High Beam Headlights
When headlights are turned off, fog lights also turn off.
Push the turn signal stalk away from you to turn the high
beam headlights on continuously. To cancel, pull the
stalk towards you.
Driving 47
Lights
To briefly flash the high beam headlights, pull the stalk
towards you.
Headlights After Exit
When you stop driving and park Model S in low lighting
conditions, exterior lights temporarily remain
illuminated. They automatically turn off after one minute
or when you lock Model S whichever comes first.
To turn this feature on and off, touch Controls > Lights >
Headlights After Exit. When Headlights After Exit is off,
the headlights turn off immediately when you engage
Park and open a door.
Adaptive Front Lighting System

(AFS)
The high beam headlights can automatically switch to
If equipped, the Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS)
low beam when there is light detected in front of
automatically adjusts the beam of the headlights to
Model S (for example, from an oncoming vehicle). To
improve your driving view. Electric sensors measure
turn this feature on or off, touch Controls > Auto High
driving speed, steering angle and yaw (the rotation of
Beam or Controls > Lights > Auto High Beam.
the car around the vertical axis) to determine the
NOTE: Your chosen setting is retained until you manually optimum position of the headlights based on current
change it. driving conditions. For example, to improve visibility
while driving on winding roads at night, the AFS casts
NOTE: Auto High Beam is available only on vehicles the beam in the direction of the curve. When low beam
equipped with Autopilot components. headlights are turned on and when driving at lower
speeds, AFS improves lateral illumination to increase the
In situations where high beams are turned off because visibility of pedestrians and curbs, and to improve
Auto High Beam is turned on and light is detected in visibility when turning at a dark intersection, into a
front of Model S, you can temporarily turn on high driveway, or when making a u-turn.
beams by pulling the stalk all the way toward you.
The Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) operates
The following indicator lights are visible on the whenever headlights are on. If Model S isn't moving, or is
instrument panel to show the status of the headlights: moving in reverse, the adaptive headlights do not
activate. This prevents the headlights from inadvertently
Low beam headlights are on. blinding other drivers.
If the AFS fails, the instrument panel

displays an alert. Contact Tesla Service.
High beam headlights are on. Illuminates

when high beams are on but the Auto High
Beam setting is turned off or if the Auto
High Beam setting is turned on but is
temporarily unavailable.
Turn Signals
High beams are currently turned on, and Move the turn signal stalk up (before turning right) or
Auto High Beam is ready to turn off the down (before turning left). The turn signals flash three
high beams if light is detected in front of times or continuously, depending on how far up or down
Model S. you move the stalk. Lightly push the stalk up or down
for a three-flash sequence. For a continuous signal, push
the stalk fully up or down.
High beams are temporarily turned off
because Auto High Beam is operating and
light is detected in front of Model S. When
light is no longer detected, high beam
headlights automatically turn back on.
WARNING: Auto High Beam is a convenience only

and is subject to limitations. It is the driver's
responsibility to make sure that headlights are
always appropriately adjusted for weather
conditions and driving circumstances.

Lights
The turn signals stop operating when canceled by the

steering wheel, or when you return the stalk to the
central position.
When a turn signal is operating,

the corresponding turn signal
indicator lights up on the
instrument panel and a clicking
sound can be heard.
WARNING: When actively using Traffic-Aware

Cruise Control (if equipped), engaging a turn
signal can cause Model S to accelerate in specific
situations (see Overtake Acceleration on page
80).
WARNING: When actively using Autosteer (if
equipped), engaging a turn signal can cause
Model S to change lanes (see Auto Lane Change
on page 85).
Hazard Warning Flashers

To turn on the hazard warning flashers, press the button
located on the side of the touchscreen closest to the
steering wheel. All turn signals flash. Press again to turn
off.
NOTE: Hazard warning flashers operate even without a

key nearby.
Driving 49
Instrument Panel
Instrument Panel Overview

The instrument panel changes depending on whether Model S is:
• Off (shown below).

• Driving (see Instrument Panel - Driving on page 54).
• Charging (see Charging Status on page 158).
When Model S is off, the instrument panel shows remaining estimated range, status of doors, and outside
temperature. When you press the brake, indicator lights flash on briefly along the top. Unless an indicator light
applies to a current situation, it should turn off. If an indicator light fails to turn on or off, contact Tesla.
NOTE: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicle options,
software version, and market region, the information displayed may be slightly different.
The following indicators illuminate on the instrument panel to advise you or alert you of a specific condition.
A brake system fault is detected or the brake fluid level is low. See Braking and Stopping on page 57.
Contact Tesla immediately.
A brake booster fault has been detected. See Braking and Stopping on page 57.
An ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) fault is detected. See Braking and Stopping on page 57. Contact
Tesla immediately.
The parking brake is manually applied. See Parking Brake on page 59.

Instrument Panel
A parking brake fault is detected. Contact Tesla. See Parking Brake on page 59.
Low beam headlights are on.
High beam headlights are on. Illuminates when high beams are on but the Auto High Beam setting if
equipped is turned off or if the Auto High Beam setting is turned on but is temporarily unavailable. See
High Beam Headlights on page 47.
High beam headlights are currently turned on, and Auto High Beam if equipped is ready to turn off the
high beams if light is detected in front of Model S. See High Beam Headlights on page 47.
High beam headlights are temporarily turned off because Auto High Beam if equipped is on and is
detecting light in front of Model S. When light is no longer detected, the high beams automatically turn
back on. See High Beam Headlights on page 47.
Parking lights (side marker lights, tail lights, and license plate lights) are on. See Lights on page 47.
Front fog lights, if equipped. See Lights on page 47.
Rear fog lights, if equipped. See Lights on page 47.
Adaptive Front Lighting, if equipped. See Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) on page 48.
Electronic stability control systems are actively minimizing wheel spin by controlling brake pressure
and motor power (indicator flashes amber). See Traction Control on page 60. If this indicator remains
on, a fault is detected and you should immediately contact Tesla.
If a fault is detected that reduces the performance of the air suspension system, this amber indicator
light displays (see Air Suspension on page 138). If the problem persists, contact Tesla.
Driving 51
Instrument Panel
If a fault is detected that disables the air suspension system, a red indicator lights up on the instrument
panel (see Air Suspension on page 138). Contact Tesla.
Airbag safety. If this red indicator does not flash on briefly when Model S prepares to drive, or if it
remains on, contact Tesla immediately. See Airbags on page 33.
Vehicle Hold is actively applying the brakes. See Vehicle Hold on page 63.
Tire pressure warning. The pressure of a tire is out of range. If a fault with the Tire Pressure Monitoring
System (TPMS) is detected, the indicator flashes. For a TPMS fault, contact Tesla. See Tire Care and
Maintenance on page 165.
A door or trunk is open. See Keys and Doors on page 8, Rear Trunk on page 13, or Front Trunk on page
15.
A seat belt for an occupied seat is not fastened. See Seat Belts on page 24.
NOTE: Depending on the date of manufacture, rear seating positions may not be equipped with a seat
belt reminder.
The front passenger’s air bag is turned off. See Airbags on page 33.
Electronic stability control systems are no longer minimizing wheel spin. On a Rear Wheel Drive vehicle,
the traction control system has been turned off, or on an All-Wheel Drive vehicle, Slip Start has been
enabled. See Traction Control on page 60.
Model S is in Transport mode and can roll freely. It does not automatically shift into Park when you exit.
See Instructions for Transporters on page 191.
Appears when some of the energy stored in the Battery may not be available due to cold weather
conditions. During these cold weather conditions, charging rates may also be limited. If Model S is
plugged in, you can heat your Battery by turning on climate control with the mobile app. The snowflake
icon disappears when the Battery is sufficiently warm.
Vehicle power is currently being limited because the energy remaining in the Battery is low or the
vehicle's systems are being heated or cooled.

Instrument Panel
Flashes green when the left turn signal is operating. Both turn signal indicators flash green when the
hazard warning flashers are operating.
Flashes green when the right turn signal is operating. Both turn signal indicators flash green when the
hazard warning flashers are operating.
Driving 53
Instrument Panel
Instrument Panel - Driving

When Model S is driving (or ready to drive), the instrument panel shows your current driving status and a real-time
visualization of the road as detected by the Autopilot components (see About Autopilot on page 74). The
visualization automatically zooms in and out as needed to inform you when a vehicle is detected in your blind spot.
NOTE: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicle options,
software version, and market region, the information displayed may be slightly different.
NOTE: Touch Controls > Autopilot > Full Self-Driving Visualization Preview (if equipped) to display more details
about the roadway and its surroundings, such as road markings, stop lights, objects (such as trash cans and poles),
etc.
1. Indicator lights display along the top to provide status (see Instrument Panel Overview on page 50).
2. When you are actively navigating to a destination, navigation instructions display here. Use the left steering wheel
buttons to change what displays on the left side of the instrument panel whenever navigation instructions are not
displayed (see Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons on page 39).
3. Autosteer is actively steering Model S. When Autosteer is available but you haven't activated it, the icon is gray
(see Autosteer on page 83).
4. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is cruising at a set speed. When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is available but you
haven't set a cruising speed, the icon is gray and the speed is not shown (see Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on
page 77).
5. Driving speed.
6. The speed limit (if available) that is currently being detected by Speed Assist (see Speed Assist on page 110).
NOTE: The icon associated with the detected speed limit reflects the style of speed limit signs used in your
market region.
NOTE: On roads where the map data determines that a conditional speed limit exists (for example, a speed limit
based on time of day or weather conditions), a second speed limit displays. It is the driver's responsibility to
determine whether the conditional speed limit is currently in effect and adjust the driving speed accordingly.

Instrument Panel
7. On the Energy graph, dashed lines appear on the power meter if Model S is limiting power. The dashed lines
appear on the top portion (energy being used) when power available for acceleration is being limited, and on the
bottom portion (energy being gained) when power that can be gained by regenerative braking is limited. Model S
limits power for many reasons. Here are just a few examples:
◦ Acceleration may be limited when the Battery is reaching a low state of charge or if the powertrain is hot.
◦ Both acceleration and regenerative braking may be limited when the ambient temperature is either very high
or very low.
◦ Regenerative braking may be limited when the Battery is fully charged.
NOTE: Use the right steering wheel buttons to control what displays on the right side of the instrument panel
(see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 40).
8. Pay attention to important alert messages that display here. If any alerts are in effect, you can view information
about them by touching the alert icon (exclamation mark) on the touchscreen’s status bar (the topmost area of
the touchscreen).
9. Use the right steering wheel buttons to change what displays on the right side of the instrument panel whenever
a phone call is not active (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 40).
10. Total estimated driving distance (or energy) available. Instead of driving distance, you can display the percentage
of battery energy remaining. To do so, touch Controls > Display > Energy Display.
NOTE: When anticipating when you need to charge, use range estimates as a general guideline only.
11. Currently selected drive mode: Park, Reverse, Neutral, or Drive.

12. The car in front of you (if applicable).
13. Pay attention to important driving-related messages that appear at the bottom center of the instrument panel.
14. Your Model S.
15. When Autosteer is active and detects the driving lane, it is highlighted in blue (see Autosteer on page 83).
Depending on the current driving scenario, you may see neighboring lanes.
NOTE: If Navigate on Autopilot is active, the driving lane displays as a single blue line in front of Model S (see
Navigate on Autopilot on page 88).
WARNING: Although the instrument panel shows surrounding traffic, some vehicles may not be displayed.
Never rely on the instrument panel to determine if a vehicle is present (for example, in your blind spot). Always
use your mirrors and perform shoulder checks.
Driving 55
Wipers and Washers
Wipers Defrosting Wipers
To wipe the windshield, rotate the end of the turn signal To make wiper blades easy to access so you can remove
stalk away from you. You can rotate to five positions: any ice and snow, shift Model S into Park, turn the
wipers off, then use the touchscreen to move them to
• 1st: Off. the service position. Touch Controls > Service > Wiper
Service Mode. When parking in cold outdoor climates, it
• 2nd: Auto with low rain sensitivity.* is helpful to leave Model S with the wipers in the service
• 3rd: Auto with high rain sensitivity.* position. In this position, they are closer to the defrost
vent, allowing you to thaw them by directing air from
• 4th: Continuous, slow.
the climate control system towards the windshield.
• 5th: Continuous, fast.
If Model S is equipped with the optional cold weather
package, you can defrost wipers by touching the climate
control on the touchscreen (see Climate Controls on
page 118). Wiper defrosters automatically turn off after
15 minutes.
NOTE: Wipers automatically return to their normal

position when you shift Model S out of Park.
Washers
Press the button on the end of the turn signal stalk to
For a single wipe, press and release the end of the stalk. spray washer fluid onto the windshield. You can press
this button at two levels. Press partially for a single wipe,
If the wipers are set to Auto and Model S detects no without any washer fluid. Press fully for both wipe and
liquid on the windshield, the wipers do not wipe. wash. When washing the windshield, the wipers turn on.
After releasing the button, the wipers perform two
*To enable the Auto settings, touch Controls > Vehicle > additional wipes then a third wipe a few seconds later.
Autowipers (Beta). When wipers are set to Auto,
Model S detects whether or not it is raining. The
frequency at which they wipe depends on how much
rain is detected on the windshield. When wipers are set
to high rain sensitivity, the wipers turn on when Model S
detects a light mist.
NOTE: The Auto setting is currently in BETA. If uncertain

about using the Auto setting while in the BETA phase,
Tesla recommends operating the wipers manually, as
necessary.
NOTE: When you operate the wipers, headlights Periodically top up washer fluid (see Topping Up
automatically turn on for approximately one minute (if Windshield Washer Fluid on page 175).
they are not on already).
NOTE: You can also adjust the windshield wiper speed Defrosting Washer Nozzles
and frequency using voice commands (see Voice
Commands on page 140). If Model S is equipped with the optional cold weather
CAUTION: Ensure the wipers are in the Off package, washer nozzles have defrosters that turn on
position before washing Model S to avoid the risk whenever the ambient temperature nears freezing, or
of damaging the wipers. when you turn on the wiper defrosters (see Climate
Controls on page 118). The washer defrosters turn off
To extend the life of wiper blades, remove ice from the when the wiper defrosters turn off (after 15 minutes),
windshield before turning wipers on. Ice has sharp edges provided the temperature is warm enough to prevent
that can damage the rubber on the wiper blades. freezing.
Periodically check and clean the edge of the wiper

blade. If damaged, replace the wiper blade immediately.
For details on checking and replacing wiper blades, see
Wiper Blades and Washer Jets on page 173.
CAUTION: In harsh climates, ensure that the wiper

blades are not frozen or adhered to the windshield.

Braking and Stopping
Braking Systems WARNING: Do not pump the brake pedal. Doing so
interrupts operation of the ABS and can increase
braking distance.
WARNING: Properly functioning braking systems
are critical to ensure safety. If you experience a WARNING: Always maintain a safe distance from
problem with the brake pedal, brake calipers, or the vehicle in front of you and be aware of
any component of a Model S braking system, hazardous driving conditions. While the ABS can
contact Tesla immediately. improve stopping distance, it cannot overcome the
laws of physics. It also does not prevent the
Model S has an anti-lock braking system (ABS) that danger of hydroplaning (where a layer of water
prevents the wheels from locking when you apply prevents direct contact between the tires and the
maximum brake pressure. This improves steering control road).
during heavy braking in most road conditions. CAUTION: Automatic Emergency Braking (see
Automatic Emergency Braking on page 108) may
During emergency braking conditions, the ABS
intervene to automatically brake in situations
constantly monitors the speed of each wheel and varies
where a collision is considered imminent.
the brake pressure according to the grip available.
Automatic Emergency Braking is not designed to
prevent a collision. At best, it can minimize the
The alteration of brake pressure can be felt as a pulsing
impact of a frontal collision by attempting to
sensation through the brake pedal. This demonstrates
reduce your driving speed. Depending on
that the ABS is operating and is not a cause for concern.
Automatic Emergency Braking to avoid a collision
Keep firm and steady pressure on the brake pedal while
can result in serious injury or death.
experiencing the pulsing.
CAUTION: In emergency situations, if the brakes
The ABS indicator briefly flashes yellow on are not functioning properly, press and hold the
the instrument panel when you first start Park button on the drive stalk to bring the vehicle
Model S. If this indicator lights up at any to a stop. Do not use this method to stop the
other time, an ABS fault has occurred and vehicle unless absolutely necessary.
the ABS is not operating. Contact Tesla.
The braking system remains fully Dynamic Brake Lights (if equipped)
operational and is not affected by an ABS
failure. However, braking distances may
If you are driving over 50 km/h and brake forcefully (or
increase. Drive cautiously and avoid heavy
if Automatic Emergency Braking engages), the brake
braking.
lights flash quickly to warn other drivers that Model S is
If the instrument panel displays this red rapidly slowing down. If Model S stops completely, the
brake indicator at any time other than hazard warning lights flash. Flashing continues until you
briefly when you first start Model S, a brake press the accelerator or manually press the hazard lights
system fault is detected, or the level of the button to turn them off (see Hazard Warning Flashers
brake fluid is low. Contact Tesla on page 49).
immediately. Apply steady pressure and
NOTE: When towing a trailer (if applicable), the brake
keep the brakes firm to bring the vehicle to
lights on the trailer also operate as described above,
a stop when safe to do so.
even when the trailer is not equipped with a separate
braking system.
The instrument panel displays this yellow
brake indicator if a brake booster fault is WARNING: When towing a trailer (if applicable),
detected. Apply steady pressure and keep always increase your following distance. Sudden
the brakes firm to stop the vehicle when braking may result in skidding, jack-knifing, and
safety permits. Hydraulic Boost loss of control.
Compensation will be active (see Hydraulic
Boost Compensation on page 58).
Brake Disc Wiping
Emergency Braking To ensure brakes remain responsive in cold and wet

weather, Model S is equipped with brake disc wiping.
In an emergency, fully press the brake pedal and When cold and wet weather is detected, this feature
maintain firm pressure, even on low traction surfaces. repeatedly applies an imperceptible amount of brake
The ABS varies the braking pressure to each wheel force to remove water from the surface of the brake
according to the amount of traction available. This discs.
prevents wheels from locking and ensures that you stop
as safely as possible.
Driving 57
Hydraulic Fade Compensation The amount of power fed back to the Battery using
regenerative braking can depend on the current state of
the Battery. For example, regenerative braking may be
Model S is equipped with hydraulic fade compensation.
limited if the Battery is cold or is already fully charged.
This assists in monitoring brake system pressure and
When regenerative braking is limited, the power meter
ABS activity for instances of reduced brake
displays a dashed line to indicate the amount of
performance. If reduced brake performance is detected
deceleration power that is not being fed back to the
(for example, as a result of brake fade, or cold or wet
Battery.
conditions), you may hear a sound, feel the brake pedal
pull away from your foot, and notice a strong increase in
braking. Brake as you normally would and continue to
press the brake pedal without releasing or pumping the
brakes.
CAUTION: If brakes are not functioning properly,

stop the vehicle when safety permits and contact
Tesla Service. See Park on page 46 for information
on using the Park button to stop the vehicle in
case of emergency.
WARNING: Always maintain a safe driving distance
from the vehicle in front of you and exercise
caution when driving conditions are hazardous.
Brake disc wiping and hydraulic fade
compensation is not a substitute for adequately
applying the brakes.
Hydraulic Boost Compensation
Model S is equipped with a brake booster that activates

the brakes when the brake pedal is pressed. Hydraulic
boost compensation provides mechanical assistance if
the brake booster fails. If a brake booster failure is
detected, the brake pedal feels stiffer to press and you WARNING: In snowy or icy conditions, Model S
may hear a sound when you press the brake pedal. To may experience loss of traction during
stop Model S, apply steady force to the brake pedal regenerative braking, particularly when in the
without releasing or pumping. Drive cautiously and Standard setting and/or not using winter tires.
maintain a safe distance from other road users—brake Tesla recommends using the Low setting (see To
pedal responsiveness and braking performance may be Set the Regenerative Braking Level on page 58)
degraded. in snowy or icy conditions to help maintain vehicle
stability.
Regenerative Braking
To Set the Regenerative Braking Level
Whenever Model S is moving and your foot is off the
accelerator, regenerative braking slows down the vehicle
NOTE: The regenerative braking setting is not available
and feeds any surplus power back to the Battery. By
on all vehicles.
anticipating your stops and reducing or removing
pressure from the accelerator pedal to slow down, you
You can use the touchscreen to change the level of
can take advantage of regenerative braking to increase
regenerative braking:
driving range.
The power meter on the Energy app displays real-time 1. Touch Controls > Pedals & Steering > Regenerative
feedback on the amount of power being used. You can Braking.
also display the power meter on either side of the 2. Choose from two levels:
instrument panel by choosing Energy using the scroll ◦ Standard: Provides the maximum amount of
button on the steering wheel (see Steering Wheel on regenerative braking. When you release the
page 39). When energy is being gained by regenerative accelerator, Model S slows down, reducing the
braking, the power meter displays a green area that need to use the brakes.
represents the amount of power that is being fed back
to the Battery. ◦ Low: Limits regenerative braking. When you
release the accelerator, Model S takes longer to
slow down and coasts further than if set to
"Standard".

Parking Brake Brake Wear
To engage the parking brake, touch Controls > Safety > Model S brake pads are equipped with wear indicators.
Parking Brake. Follow the onscreen instructions. You can A wear indicator is a thin metal strip attached to the
also engage the parking brake by pressing and holding brake pad that squeals as it rubs against the rotor when
the button on the end of the drive stalk while in Park. the pad wears down. This squealing sound indicates that
the brake pads have reached the end of their service life
and require replacement. To replace the brake pads,
contact Tesla Service.
Brakes must be periodically inspected visually by

removing the tire and wheel. For detailed specifications
and service limits for rotors and brake pads, see
Subsystems on page 184. Additionally, Tesla
recommends cleaning and lubricating the brake calipers
Use the touchscreen to manually release the parking every year or 20,000 km if in an area where roads are
brake (which also shifts Model S into Neutral): salted during winter months.
WARNING: Neglecting to replace worn brake pads

1. Touch Controls > Safety.
damages the braking system and can result in a
2. Press the brake pedal, then touch Parking Brake. If braking hazard.
Model S was previously in Park, it shifts into Neutral.
When you manually apply the parking

brake using the touchscreen, or by
pressing and holding the button on the end
of the drive stalk when in Park, the red
parking brake indicator lights up on the
instrument panel.
If the parking brake experiences an

electrical issue, the amber parking brake
indicator lights up and a fault message
displays on the instrument panel.
NOTE: The parking brake operates on the rear wheels

only, and is independent of the pedal-operated brake
system.
CAUTION: In the unlikely event that Model S loses
electrical power, you cannot access the
touchscreen and are therefore unable to release
the parking brake. Contact Tesla.
WARNING: In snowy or icy conditions the rear
wheels may not have sufficient traction to prevent
Model S from sliding down a slope, particularly if
not using winter tires. Avoid parking on hills in
snowy or icy conditions. You are always
responsible for parking safely.
WARNING: Your Model S may display an alert if
the road is too steep to safely park on, or if the
parking brakes are not properly engaged. These
alerts are for guidance purposes only and are not a
substitute for the driver’s judgment of safe parking
conditions, including specific road or weather
conditions. Do not depend on these alerts to
determine whether or not it is safe to park at any
location. You are always responsible for parking
safely.
Driving 59
Traction Control
How It Works
The traction control system constantly monitors the
speed of the front and rear wheels. If Model S
experiences a loss of traction, the system minimizes
wheel spin by controlling brake pressure and motor
power. By default, the traction control system is on.
Under normal conditions, it should remain on to ensure
maximum safety.
This yellow indicator flashes on the

instrument panel whenever the traction
control system is actively controlling brake
pressure and motor power to minimize
wheel spin. If the indicator stays on, a fault
is detected with the traction control
system. Contact Tesla Service.
WARNING: Traction control cannot prevent

collisions caused by driving dangerously or turning
too sharply at high speeds.
Allowing Wheel Slip
To allow the wheels to spin at a limited speed, you can

enable Slip Start. Slip Start can be enabled only when
Model S is moving 48 km/h or slower. Slip Start
automatically disables when the speed exceeds
80 km/h.
Under normal conditions, Slip Start should not be

enabled. Enable it only in circumstances where you
deliberately want the wheels to spin, such as:
• Starting on a loose surface, such as gravel or snow.

• Driving in deep snow, sand or mud.
• Rocking out of a hole or deep rut.
To allow the wheels to spin, touch Controls > Pedals &

Steering > Slip Start.
The instrument panel displays an alert

message when Slip Start is enabled.
Although Slip Start is automatically disabled the next

time you start Model S, it is strongly recommended that
you disable it immediately after the circumstances that
required you to enable it have passed.
NOTE: Slip Start can not be enabled when you are

actively using cruise control.

Park Assist
How Park Assist Works WARNING: Never depend on Park Assist to inform
you if an area you are approaching is free of
objects and/or people. Several external factors can
Model S has several sensors designed to detect the reduce the performance of Park Assist, causing
presence of objects. When driving slowly in Drive or either no readings or false readings (see
Reverse (for example, when parking), the vehicle alerts Limitations and False Warnings on page 62).
you if an object is detected in close proximity of your Therefore, depending on Park Assist to determine
Model S. Objects are only detected in your chosen if Model S is approaching an obstruction can result
direction; front objects in Drive, rear objects in Reverse. in damage to the vehicle and/or objects, and can
potentially cause serious injury. Always inspect the
WARNING: You may not be alerted if Model S rolls
area with your own eyes. When reversing, perform
freely in the opposite direction (for example, Park
shoulder checks and use all mirrors. Park assist
Assist does not display an alert if Model S rolls
does not detect children, pedestrians, bicyclists,
backwards down a hill while in Drive).
animals, or objects that are moving, protruding,
located too far above or below the sensors, or too
close or too far from the sensors. Park Assist is for
guidance purposes only and is not intended to
replace your own direct visual checks. It is not a
substitute for careful driving.
Visual and Audio Feedback

When you shift to Reverse, the Park Assist view displays
on the left side of the instrument panel, showing objects
that are in close proximity to the front and rear of
Model S. This view closes when you shift into Drive
unless an object is detected close to the front of
Model S, in which case the Park Assist view closes
automatically when your driving speed exceeds 8 km/h.
When reversing, visual feedback also displays on the
touchscreen (see Rear Facing Camera(s) on page 70).
You can manually close the park assist view on the
touchscreen by touching the X.
When driving with the Camera app displayed on the

touchscreen, you can switch to the Park Assist view
when driving at speeds below 8 km/h. Touch the button
located in the upper left corner of the Camera app
screen. This is useful if you need assistance with parallel
parking.
If chimes are turned on (see Controlling Audible

Feedback on page 61), an audible beep sounds as you
approach an object. You can temporarily mute the chime
by touching the speaker icon on the bottom corner of
The sensors are activated when driving slower than
the Park Assist view.
8 km/h.
NOTE: If a sensor is unable to provide feedback, the
instrument panel displays an alert message.
CAUTION: Keep sensors clean from dirt, debris,
snow, and ice. Avoid using a high pressure power
washer on the sensors and do not clean a sensor
with a sharp or abrasive object that can scratch or
damage its surface.
CAUTION: Do not install accessories or stickers on
or near the parking sensors.
Controlling Audible Feedback

You can use Park Assist with or without audible
feedback. To turn chimes on or off, touch Controls >
Safety > Park Assist Chimes.
Driving 61
Park Assist
To mute the chimes temporarily, touch the speaker icon
in the bottom corner of the Park Assist view. The chimes
are muted until you shift or drive over 8 km/h.
Limitations and False Warnings

The parking sensors may not function correctly in these
situations:
• One or more of the ultrasonic sensors or cameras is

damaged, dirty, or obstructed (such as by mud, ice,
or snow, or by a vehicle bra, excessive paint, or
adhesive products such as wraps, stickers, rubber
coating, etc.).
• The object is located below approximately 20 cm
(such as a curb or low barrier).
CAUTION: Shorter objects that are detected
(such as curbs or low barriers) can move into
the blind spot of the sensors. Model S cannot
alert you about an object while it is in the blind
spot of the sensors.
• Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, or fog) are

interfering with sensor operation.
• The object is thin (such as a sign post).
• A sensor’s operating range has been exceeded.
• The object is sound-absorbing or soft (such as
powder snow).
• The object is sloped (such as a sloped embankment).
• Model S has been parked in, or being driven in,
extremely hot or cold temperatures.
• The sensors are affected by other electrical
equipment or devices that generate ultrasonic waves.
• You are driving in a location where the sensors'
ultrasonic waves are deflected away from the vehicle
(such as driving next to a wall or pillar).
• The object is located too close to the bumper.
• A bumper is misaligned or damaged.
• An object that is mounted to Model S is interfering
with and/or obstructing the sensor (such as a bike
rack or bumper sticker).
• Model S rolls freely in the opposite direction you
selected (for example, Park Assist does not display an
alert if Model S rolls backwards down a hill while in
Drive).
Other Parking Aids

In addition to Park Assist, when shifted into Reverse, the
backup camera displays a view of the area behind
Model S (see Rear Facing Camera(s) on page 70).

Vehicle Hold
When Model S is stopped, Vehicle Hold can continue to
apply the brakes even after you remove your foot from
the brake pedal. When driving on a hill or on a flat
surface, brake as you normally would. After coming to a
complete stop, simply press the brake pedal again (until
the instrument panel displays the Vehicle Hold indicator
light) to enable Vehicle Hold. You can then release the
brake pedal and remain stopped, even on a hill.
This indicator displays on the instrument

panel whenever Vehicle Hold is actively
braking Model S.
To disengage Vehicle Hold, press the accelerator pedal

or press and release the brake pedal.
NOTE: Shifting into Neutral also disengages Vehicle

Hold.
NOTE: After actively braking Model S for approximately
ten minutes, Model S shifts into Park and Vehicle Hold
cancels. Model S also shifts into Park if it detects that
the driver has left the vehicle.
NOTE: When Stopping Mode is set to Hold, Vehicle Hold
engages automatically whenever Model S stops while in
Drive or Reverse. There is no need to press the brake to
engage it.
Driving 63
Acceleration Modes
The acceleration settings available on your Model S vary While the battery is being heated, the touchscreen
depending on date of manufacture and options chosen displays a status message providing you with an
at time of purchase: approximate wait time, and letting you know when the
additional power is available. In addition to heating the
• Chill: limits acceleration for a smooth and gentle ride Battery, Insane+ and Ludicrous+ modes strive to keep
(available on all vehicles equipped with Autopilot the Battery within an optimal temperature range.
hardware). Therefore, under aggressive driving scenarios, you may
also see the “Cooling” status for several minutes until
• Standard: provides the normal level of acceleration
temperatures fall. Model S stays in the chosen mode for
(available on non-Performance All-Wheel Drive
three hours, even if you leave the vehicle. After three
vehicles and Rear Wheel Drive Model S vehicles
hours, the feature times out.
equipped with Autopilot hardware).
• Sport: provides the normal level of acceleration NOTE: Insane+ and Ludicrous+ are designed to achieve
(available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles). maximum performance for short term acceleration.
These settings are not intended for daily driving. The
• Insane: increases peak torque by approximately 30
tradeoff for the additional power boost is extra energy
percent (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive
consumption and earlier power fade on long drives. The
vehicles not equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade).
Insane or Ludicrous acceleration settings provide a
• Ludicrous: increases peak torque by approximately significant increase in performance even without
60 percent (available on Performance All-Wheel choosing the Insane+ or Ludicrous+ setting to achieve
Drive vehicles equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade). maximum Battery power. In fact, in normal driving
situations, the additional power that can be achieved
• Insane+: increases peak torque by approximately 30
using Insane+ and Ludicrous+ may be unnoticeable.
percent (available on Performance All-Wheel Drive
vehicles not equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade) NOTE: To support Insane+ or Ludicrous+, the charge
while also heating up the Battery to its ideal level must be 20% or higher. You cannot initiate these
operating temperature to ensure access to 100% of settings if the charge level is less than 20%. In addition,
available power. Before choosing this setting, read these settings immediately cancel if at any time during
about Using Insane+ or Ludicrous+ on page 64. use, the charge level drops below 20%.
• Ludicrous+: increases peak torque by approximately
When using Insane+ or Ludicrous+, Model S consumes
60 percent (available on Performance All-Wheel
more energy to keep the Battery within an optimal
Drive vehicles equipped with the Ludicrous upgrade)
temperature range.
while also immediately heating up the Battery to its
ideal operating temperature to ensure access to 100% To cancel Insane+ or Ludicrous+ at any time, change the
of available power. Before choosing this setting, read acceleration level to another setting. To prevent excess
about Using Insane+ or Ludicrous+ on page 64. and potentially unnecessary energy consumption (for
example, you leave the vehicle and forget to cancel
NOTE: Although Chill does not directly improve driving Insane+ or Ludicrous+), these settings cancel
range, using the increased torque and power available in automatically in three hours, regardless of whether you
Insane or Ludicrous mode can reduce range and are still driving or have left the vehicle.
efficiency.
NOTE: When Chill is selected, Chill displays on the NOTE: Insane+ or Ludicrous+ strives to keep the Battery
instrument panel above the driving speed. within an optimal temperature range. In addition to
heating the Battery, these settings also cool the battery
In addition, a Performance All-Wheel Drive Model S also when necessary (for example, while driving at high
features Launch Mode to provide optimum acceleration speeds, during rapid acceleration, driving for long
on surfaces with good traction. For the specific driving periods, etc.).
instructions required to use Launch Mode, see Launch
Mode on page 64. Launch Mode
To choose an acceleration mode, touch Controls >
Launch Mode, available on Performance All-Wheel Drive
Driving > Acceleration.
vehicles only, provides optimum acceleration on surfaces
with good traction.
Using Insane+ or Ludicrous+
NOTE: Hard acceleration including, but not limited to,
If you choose Insane or Ludicrous, additional power is using launch mode, increases stress on the vehicle’s
available immediately. However, to achieve the absolute powertrain, and can cause premature wear and aging of
maximum power (designed for short term use), you can various components. Model S constantly monitors
choose Insane+ or Ludicrous+ to heat the Battery to its powertrain fatigue and damage, and notifies you if
ideal operating temperature. This ensure access to 100% vehicle components need to be serviced.
of available power.

Acceleration Modes
WARNING: Use Launch Mode only in appropriate
locations where there is no cross traffic or
pedestrians present. Launch Mode is designed for
use on closed circuit driving courses. It is the
driver’s responsibility to ensure that driving style
and acceleration do not endanger or
inconvenience other road users.
To Activate Launch Mode
1. Ensure the brakes are slightly warm by driving for a

few minutes and using the brakes a few times.
2. Set the air suspension to Low (see Air Suspension on
page 138).
3. Set the acceleration level to Insane+ or Ludicrous+ (if
equipped).
NOTE: If equipped with the Ludicrous+ setting, you
can achieve optimum performance by pressing and
holding this setting for three seconds.
4. With Model S shifted into Drive and at a complete

stop with the steering wheel straight, firmly hold the
brake pedal with your left foot, then fully press the
accelerator pedal. Within one second, the instrument
panel displays a message indicating that Launch
Mode is enabled.
NOTE: Launch mode further lowers the front
suspension, significantly reducing ground clearance.
5. Within twelve seconds of Launch Mode being

enabled, release the brake pedal to launch the
vehicle.
When you release the brake, Model S launches forward.
NOTE: Launch Mode is not available if Slip Start has

been enabled (which allows the wheels to spin). See
Traction Control on page 60.
NOTE: Launch Mode is available only if the ambient
temperature is 3° C or warmer.
Driving 65
Active Hood
How Active Hood Works NOTE: If damage occurs to the front bumper, contact a
local Tesla-approved body shop to inspect the sensors
for damage.
Some Model S vehicles (depending on market region
and date of manufacture) feature a pedestrian
protection system with an Active Hood that is designed
to reduce head injuries to pedestrians and cyclists in a
frontal collision. Multiple sensors at the front of the
vehicle are designed to detect an impact with a
pedestrian when Model S is moving between
approximately 19 and 52 km/h, and raise the rear portion
of the hood automatically approximately 80 mm. This
increases the space between the hood and the
components beneath it, reducing the likelihood of
injuries.
NOTE: The pedestrian protection system relies on a

series of sensors and algorithms designed and calibrated
to determine when Active Hood should deploy.
Therefore, not all pedestrian collisions result in
deployment. Similarly, the Active Hood may deploy if
Model S collides with an animal, vehicle, or other object.
If Active Hood has been deployed, the instrument panel

displays an alert and a chime sounds. Immediately take
Model S to the nearest Tesla Service Center or Tesla-
approved body shop. Active Hood's associated sensors
and actuators must be serviced whenever Active Hood
has been deployed.
WARNING: Deployment of Active Hood may cause

the raised hood to partially obstruct driver vision,
increasing the risk of a collision. If safe to do so,
Model S can be driven to the nearest Tesla Service
Center or Tesla-approved body shop. If unsafe to
drive (you cannot clearly see over the raised hood,
the hood latch has been damaged, etc.), you must
have your vehicle transported.
WARNING: If the instrument panel displays an alert
indicating that Active Hood has been deployed in
situations where it has not, immediately drive
Model S to the nearest Tesla Service Center.

Trip Information
Displaying Trip Information
Trip information displays on the touchscreen when you
touch Controls > Trips. For the current trip, you can
display distance, duration and average energy usage.
You can also show distance and total and average
energy used since your last charge and for additional
trips.
To name or rename a trip, touch the trip's name, enter a

new name for the trip, then press Save. To reset a
particular trip meter, touch its associated Reset button.
You can display information for up to three trips on the

instrument panel. Use the checkboxes to specify the
trip(s) you want to display. Then use the scroll bar on
the steering wheel to display the chosen trip(s) (see
Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons on page 39 or Using
Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 40).
Odometer
To display the odometer, touch Controls > Software or
open the mobile app.
Driving 67
Getting Maximum Range
Factors Affecting Energy • Limit the use of resources such as heating and air
conditioning. Using seat and steering wheel heaters
Consumption (if equipped) to keep warm is more efficient than
heating the cabin using climate controls.
While driving:
• With your vehicle plugged in, use the mobile app to
precondition your vehicle to ensure the cabin is at a
• Elevated driving speed. comfortable temperature and windows are defrosted
• Environmental conditions such as cold or hot weather (if needed) before your drive by touching Climate >
and wind. On and customizing your preferences (see Mobile
App on page 152).
• Using climate controls to heat or cool the cabin.
• Touch Schedule, available on both the charging and
• Uphill travel: Driving uphill requires more energy and climate control screens, to set a time when you want
depletes range at a faster rate. However, driving your vehicle to be ready to drive (see Scheduled
downhill allows your vehicle to regain a portion of its
Charging and Scheduled Departure on page 160).
expended energy through regenerative braking (see
Regenerative Braking on page 58). • Set Stopping Mode to Hold to gain the benefit of
regenerative braking at low driving speeds.
• Short trips or stop-and-go traffic: It takes energy to
bring the cabin and Battery to a specified • Ensure the wheels are aligned to specification, the
temperature when starting the vehicle. You may see a tires are kept at the recommended inflation pressures
higher average consumption when the vehicle is used (see Tire Care and Maintenance on page 165), and
for very short trips or in heavy traffic. are rotated when needed (see Maintenance on page
163).
• Heavy cargo load.
• Lighten your load by removing any unnecessary
• Windows rolled down. cargo.
• Wheels and tires not maintained. • Fully raise all windows.
• Customized settings or third-party accessories (roof • Turn on Range Mode, if equipped (see Range Mode
or trunk racks, third-party wheels). on page 69).
While parked and not plugged in to a charger: • Features such as Sentry Mode and Cabin Overheat
Protection can impact range. Disable features when
not needed.
• Preconditioning the cabin or using climate controls.
• To prevent an excessive amount of energy
• Summon.
consumption while the vehicle is idle, keep the
• Vehicle infotainment and climate controls system. vehicle plugged in when not in use.
• Sentry mode. • Minimize the use of DC chargers (such as
• Tesla or third-party mobile app requests. Superchargers) for optimal Battery health.
It is normal for estimated range to decrease slightly over

Tips to Maximize Range the first few months before leveling off. Over time, you
may see a gradual, but natural, decrease in range at full
You can maximize your driving range using the same charge – this depends on factors such as Supercharging
driving habits you use to conserve fuel in a gasoline- regularly or the mileage and age of the Battery. Your
powered vehicle. To achieve maximum range: Model S will inform you in the unlikely event a hardware
issue is causing excessive Battery or range degradation.
• Slow down your driving and avoid frequent and rapid
acceleration. Consider using Chill Mode (touch The power meter on the instrument panel provides
Controls > Pedals & Steering > Acceleration) and feedback on energy usage.
Speed Assist (see Speed Assist on page 110) to
assist in controlling your acceleration and speed. You can also display the Energy app to view real-time
and projected energy usage (see Energy App on page
• If safe to do so, modulate the accelerator pedal 69). With this feedback, you can become familiar with
instead of using the brake pedal when gradually how driving habits and environmental conditions impact
slowing down. Whenever Model S is moving and you how much energy Model S is using.
are not pressing the accelerator pedal, regenerative
braking slows down the vehicle and feeds surplus
energy back to the Battery (see Regenerative Braking
on page 58).

Getting Maximum Range
Range Assurance • Trip: You can monitor the amount of energy being
used while navigating to a destination. You can track
actual usage against the initial prediction. The green
The driving range displayed in Model S is an estimate of
line represents the actual usage whereas the gray line
the remaining battery energy based on EPA-rated
represents predicted usage. To change the zoom
consumption. It may not account for your personal
level, touch the zoom icon located in the top right
driving patterns or external conditions. The displayed
corner of the chart.
range on the instrument panel may decrease faster than
the actual distance driven. To view estimated range
based on your recent energy consumption, open the NOTE: The Trip chart displays energy usage only if you
Energy app to display the graph. are currently navigating to a destination.
NOTE: Rated driving range is based on EPA-rated Range Mode

consumption in the United States, which deviates from
tests advertised and performed in other jurisdictions.
Range Mode (if equipped) conserves energy by limiting
Model S helps protect you against running out of energy. the power of the climate control system and turns off
Your vehicle continuously monitors its energy level and the signature lights. Turn Range Mode on by touching
proximity to known charging locations. Controls > Driving > Range Mode.When turned on in an
All-Wheel Drive vehicle, Range Mode also optimizes
torque distribution between the motors to maximize
Touch Chargers in the Navigation search range.
bar to toggle between types of chargers,
including Superchargers and destination
charging sites. Saving Energy
Model S has an energy-saving feature that reduces the
When you are at risk of driving beyond the range of amount of energy being consumed when Model S is not
known charging locations, the touchscreen displays a in use. On newer vehicles, this feature is automated to
message giving you the opportunity to display a list of provide an optimal level of energy saving. However, on
charging locations that are within range. When you older vehicles, you can touch Controls > Display >
select a charging location from the list, Model S provides Energy Saving and choose from the following options:
navigation instructions and the turn-by-turn direction list
displays the predicted amount of energy that will remain • OFF - Model S automatically shifts to the energy-
when you arrive at the charging destination. saving mode only at night (10 pm to 5 am). Idle
energy consumption may increase.
Trip Planner (if available in your market region) routes • ON - Significantly less energy is consumed whenever
you through Supercharger locations to minimize the Model S is not in use. The start-up time of the
amount of time you spend charging and driving. To instrument panel and Bluetooth could be slower.
enable, touch Controls > Navigation > Trip Planner (see
Trip Planner on page 127). • Always Connected - Preserves cellular connectivity
when energy saving is active. This allows the mobile
app to connect to Model S quicker, and provides
Energy App immediate internet access when entering the car.
Slightly more energy is consumed.
The Energy app provides a visual representation of your
vehicle's real-time and projected energy usage. To use
the Energy app, navigate to Application Launcher >
Energy on the touchscreen. Choose from two types of
charts:
• Consumption: Display how much energy Model S has

consumed over the past 10, 25 or 50 km.
Touch Instant Range or Average Range to adjust the

projected range estimation. Instant Range uses only
the latest few data points to estimate the projected
range, whereas Average Range uses the past 10, 25 or
50 km of energy consumption to provide a more
accurate projected range.
Driving 69
Rear Facing Camera(s)
Camera Location CAUTION: Do not attempt to remove dirt or debris
by wiping an exposed lens with your hands or a
cloth. This debris can damage the surface of the
Model S is equipped with a rear view camera located lens when rubbed against it during wiping.
above the rear license plate.
CAUTION: Do not use chemical-based or abrasive
cleaners. Doing so can damage the surface of the
lens.
Whenever you shift into Reverse, the touchscreen

displays the view from the camera. Lines show your
driving path based on the position of the steering wheel.
These lines adjust as you move the steering wheel.
Model S also displays images from the side cameras.

Simply swipe up or down to hide or show the side
camera views.
NOTE: You may need to expand the camera window to

see the images from the side cameras.
NOTE: Visual feedback from the parking sensors also
appear on the instrument panel (see Park Assist on page
61).
To display the view from the rear view

cameras at any time, open the app
launcher and touch the Camera app.
WARNING: Never depend on the cameras to

inform you if the area behind you is free of objects
and/or people. The cameras may not detect
objects or barriers that can potentially cause
damage or injury. In addition, several external
factors can reduce the performance of the
cameras, including a dirty or obstructed lens.
Therefore, depending on the cameras to determine
if Model S is approaching an obstruction can result
in damage to the vehicle and/or objects and can
potentially cause serious injury. Always inspect the
area with your own eyes. When reversing, perform
shoulder checks and use all mirrors. Use the
cameras for guidance purposes only. It is not
intended to replace your own direct visual checks
and is not a substitute for careful driving.
Cleaning a Camera
To ensure a clear picture, the camera lens must be clean

and free of obstructions. Remove any build-up of dirt or
debris by spraying water onto the camera lens with a
spray bottle or pressure washer.

Pedestrian Warning System
The Pedestrian Warning System (if equipped) causes
Model S to emit sound when driving below
approximately 33 km/h (21 mph) or while driving in
reverse. Electric vehicles operate quietly and this sound
helps to alert pedestrians of your oncoming vehicle. The
sound, which activates whenever Model S is shifted out
of Park, gets louder as speed increases.
NOTE: The Pedestrian Warning System may not be

available in vehicles manufactured prior to
approximately July 1, 2021.
WARNING: If sound cannot be heard, pedestrians
may not be aware of your oncoming vehicle, which
may increase the likelihood of a collision resulting
in serious injury or death. If the Pedestrian
Warning System is not operating, immediately
contact Tesla.
Driving 71
Cold Weather Best Practices
To ensure that Model S provides you with the best Mirrors
ownership experience possible in harsh cold weather
conditions, follow these best practices.
If ice buildup is expected when parking, turn off Auto-
Fold Mirrors. Touch Controls > Vehicle > Auto-Fold. Ice
Before Driving can prevent exterior side mirrors from folding or
unfolding.
When snow and ice accumulate on your vehicle, moving
parts, such as the door handles, windows, mirrors, and NOTE: Side mirrors automatically heat as needed during
wipers can freeze in place. To achieve maximum range preconditioning, or when the rear defroster is turned on.
and performance, it is helpful to warm the cabin and
Battery before you leave. There are several ways to do Wipers
so:
If you expect snow or ice to build up when parked, touch
• Touch Schedule, available on both the charging and
Controls > Service > Wiper Service Mode. This raises
climate control screens, to set a time when you want
wipers against the windshield so they can defrost when
your vehicle to be ready to drive (see Scheduled
the windshield defrosts (see Wipers and Washers on
page 56). You can also turn on wiper defrosters (if
• On the mobile app, navigate to Climate to customize equipped). See Climate Controls on page 118.
the temperature at which you want to heat the cabin.
This also warms the high voltage Battery as needed.
Tires and Tire Chains
• On the mobile app, navigate to Climate > Defrost to
melt snow, ice, and frost on the windshield, windows,
and mirrors. This also warms the high voltage Battery • Use winter tires to increase traction in snowy or icy
as needed. conditions. You can purchase winter tires on http://
www.tesla.com (see Seasonal Tire Types on page
NOTE: Tesla recommends activating climate settings 168).
at least 30-45 minutes before departure (see Climate
Controls on page 118). Preconditioning times • Tire chains provide additional traction when driving in
depend on outside temperature and other factors. snowy or icy conditions. Check local regulations to
The Mobile App will notify you once your vehicle has determine if tire chains are recommended or required
reached the desired preconditioning temperature. during winter months. See Using Tire Chains on page
169 for more information.
• In extremely cold weather or icy conditions, it is
possible that your charge port latch may freeze in Your vehicle’s tire pressures will drop in cold ambient
place. In cases where you cannot remove or insert the temperatures. If the TPMS indicator light appears, inflate
charge cable, or the vehicle is not Supercharging due the tires before driving. The tires will lose one PSI for
to the latch being frozen in place, use your Tesla every 6° C drop in outside temperature (see Tire Care
mobile app to precondition on HI for approximately and Maintenance on page 165). Proper tire pressures
30-45 minutes (you must use your mobile app to help protect tires from potholes and improve range
precondition; setting your climate to HI using the when properly inflated.
touchscreen is not effective). This can help thaw ice
on the charge port latch so the charge cable can be
removed or inserted.
While Driving
• Warming the Battery using Scheduled Departure or Cold weather can increase energy consumption because
the mobile app before driving can also reduce more power is required for driving, cabin and Battery
charging time at a Supercharger or third party fast heating. Follow these suggestions to reduce energy
charger, especially if the Supercharger or third party consumption:
fast charger is close enough that Trip Planner (if
available in your market region) does not have • Use seat heaters to keep warm. Seat heaters use less
sufficient time to precondition the Battery (see energy than the cabin heater. Lowering the cabin
Warming the Battery Before Supercharging on page temperature and using seat heaters reduces energy
73). consumption (see Climate Controls on page 118).
• Slow down your driving and avoid frequent and rapid
Windows acceleration.
• Turn on Range Mode (if equipped) to automatically
• On the mobile app, navigate to Climate > Defrost as limit the power that the climate control system uses
mentioned previously. to maintain the temperature of the Battery and the
cabin area. Range Mode also turns off signature lights
• Use the mobile app to schedule a service (if equipped) and adjusts the front and rear motor
appointment for Tesla to provide hydrophobic torque split to maximize range (see Getting Maximum
coating to your windows for a nominal fee. Range on page 68).

Cold Weather Best Practices
Regenerative Braking Scheduled Departure
Regenerative braking can be limited if the Battery is too When parked, plug in Model S and use the Schedule
cold. As you continue to drive, the Battery warms up settings, available on both the charging and climate
and regenerative power increases (see Regenerative control screens, to set a time when you want to
Braking on page 58). precondition Model S (see Scheduled Charging and
Scheduled Departure on page 160). Your vehicle
NOTE: Limited regenerative braking can be avoided if determines the appropriate time to begin charging so it
you allow enough time to precondition your vehicle or if is complete during off-peak hours and the cabin and
you use Schedule to precondition Model S before your Battery are warm by your set departure time. For more
departure time (see Scheduled Charging and Scheduled information, see Scheduled Charging and Scheduled
Departure on page 160). Departure on page 160.
Blue Snowflake Icon Charge Port
A blue snowflake icon appears on your • If your charge port latch freezes in place and a
instrument panel when some of the stored charging cable becomes stuck in the charge port, try
energy in the Battery is unavailable because the manually releasing the charge cable. See Manually
Battery is cold. This portion of unavailable Releasing Charge Cable on page 161.
energy displays in blue on the Battery meter.
• Use the mobile app to precondition your vehicle to
Regenerative braking, acceleration, and charging
help thaw ice on the charge port latch so that the
rates may be limited. The snowflake icon no
charge cable can be removed or inserted (see Mobile
longer displays when the Battery is sufficiently
App on page 152).
warm.
NOTE: You can also prevent the occurrence of a charge
Warming the Battery Before port latch freezing in place by using the Schedule
settings (see Scheduled Charging and Scheduled
Supercharging Departure on page 160).
By using Trip Planner (if available in your market region) NOTE: If your charge port latch is frozen in place, it may
to navigate to a Supercharger, Model S pre-heats the not lock the charging cable in place when inserted, but it
Battery to ensure when you arrive at the Supercharger, can still charge at a slow AC rate even if the latch is not
the Battery temperature is optimal and ready to charge. engaged.
This reduces the amount of time it takes to charge. See
(see Trip Planner on page 127). Storage
NOTE: Tesla recommends using Trip Planner to navigate If you leave Model S parked for an extended period of
to a Supercharger for at least 30-45 minutes before time, plug the vehicle into a charger to prevent normal
arrival to ensure optimal Battery temperature and range loss and to keep the Battery at an optimal
charging conditions. If the drive to the Supercharger is temperature. Your vehicle is safe to stay plugged in for
less than 30-45 minutes, consider preconditioning the any length of time.
Battery prior to driving (see Before Driving on page 72).
When not in use, Model S enters a sleep mode to
Autopilot conserve energy. Reduce the number of times you check
your vehicle’s status on the mobile app, as this
automatically wakes up your vehicle and starts normal
To ensure optimal Autopilot performance, keep the
energy consumption.
sensors free of snow, ice, mud, and dirt (see About
Autopilot on page 74).
After Driving
Leave Model S plugged in when not in use. This uses the
charging system, rather than the Battery itself, to keep
the Battery warm (see High Voltage Battery Information
on page 156).
Driving 73
About Autopilot
How It Works
Your Model S includes the following components that actively monitor the surrounding area:
1. A camera is mounted above the rear license plate.

2. Ultrasonic sensors are located in the front and rear bumpers.
3. A camera is mounted in each door pillar.
4. Three cameras are mounted to the windshield above the rear view mirror.
5. A camera is mounted to each front fender.
6. Radar is mounted behind the front bumper.
Model S is also equipped with high precision electronically-assisted braking and steering systems.
NOTE: Ensure all cameras and sensors (if equipped) are clean before each drive. See Cleaning Cameras and Sensors
on page 76 for more information. Dirty cameras and sensors, as well as environmental conditions such as rain and
faded lane markings, can affect Autopilot performance.

About Autopilot
Active Safety Features When calibration is complete, Autopilot features are
available for use. Calibration typically completes after
driving 32-40 km, but the distance varies depending on
These Active Safety features, available on all vehicles road and environmental conditions. For example,
that are equipped with the components shown above, calibration completes quicker when driving on a straight
are designed to increase your safety: road with multiple lanes (such as a controlled-access
highway), with highly-visible lane markings (in the
• Lane Assist (see Lane Assist on page 104) driving lane as well as the adjacent lanes). Contact Tesla
• Collision Avoidance Assist (see Collision Avoidance only if your Model S has not completed the calibration
Assist on page 107) process after driving 160 km in the described conditions.
• Speed Assist (see Speed Assist on page 110) If a camera has shifted from its calibrated position (for
example, the camera or windshield was replaced), you
You can enable/disable some of these features and in must clear the calibration. To do so, touch Controls >
some cases, control how they work. To access settings Service > Camera Calibration > Clear Calibration. When
for these features, touch Controls > Autopilot. the calibration is cleared, Model S repeats the calibration
process. While this helps re-calibrate the cameras in
many cases, Clear Calibration may not resolve all
Autopilot Features camera and sensor concerns.
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle NOTE: The self-calibration drive process is only
configuration, options purchased, and software version, applicable to Model S vehicles built after approximately
your vehicle may not be equipped with all features listed October 12, 2016.
below, or a feature may not operate exactly as
described. NOTE: To calibrate, cameras require highly-visible lane
markings in both the driving lane and adjacent lanes (at
These Autopilot convenience features are designed to least two lanes over on each side of the vehicle). For
reduce driver workload: best results, drive in the middle lane of a multi-lane
highway (ideally with at least five lanes) that has clear
• Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (see Traffic-Aware lane markings and minimal traffic.
Cruise Control on page 77) NOTE: If you attempt to use a feature that is not
• Autosteer (see Autosteer on page 83) available until the calibration process is complete, the
feature is disabled and the instrument panel displays a
• Auto Lane Change (see Auto Lane Change on page message.
85)
NOTE: Model S must repeat the calibration process if the
• Autopark (see Autopark on page 97) cameras are serviced by Tesla, and in some cases, after a
• Summon (see Summon on page 99) software update.
• Smart Summon (Smart Summon on page 101)

Limitations
• Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning (see Stop Light
and Stop Sign Warning on page 86)
Many factors can impact the performance of Autopilot
• Navigate on Autopilot (see Navigate on Autopilot on components, causing them to be unable to function as
page 88) intended. These include (but are not limited to):
• Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control (see Traffic Light
and Stop Sign Control on page 90) • Poor visibility (due to heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.).
• Bright light (due to oncoming headlights, direct
You can enable/disable some of these features and in sunlight, etc.).
some cases, control how they work. To access settings
• Damage or obstructions caused by mud, ice, snow,
associated with these features, touch Controls >
etc.
Autopilot.
• Interference or obstruction by object(s) mounted
onto the vehicle (such as a bike rack).
Drive to Calibrate Cameras
• Obstruction caused by applying excessive paint or
Model S must maneuver with precision when Autopilot adhesive products (such as wraps, stickers, rubber
features are being used. Therefore, before some features coating, etc.) onto the vehicle.
can be used for the first time or after some types of • Narrow or winding roads.
service repairs, cameras must complete a self-calibration
process. For your convenience, the instrument panel • A damaged or misaligned body panel.
displays a progress indicator. • Use of gray or aftermarket glass.
• Interference from other equipment that generates
ultrasonic waves.
Autopilot 75
About Autopilot
• Extremely hot or cold temperatures.
CAUTION: If a windshield replacement is needed,

take your vehicle to Tesla Service. This ensures
appropriate handling and mounting of the
camera(s). Failure to do so can cause one or more
Autopilot features to malfunction.
WARNING: The list above does not represent an
exhaustive list of situations that may interfere with
proper operation of Autopilot components. Never
depend on these components to keep you safe. It
is the driver's responsibility to stay alert, drive
safely, and be in control of the vehicle at all times.
WARNING: Advanced safety features may not be
available during the calibration period.
WARNING: Re-calibrating the cameras or sensors
on the touchscreen is not a substitute for checking
the physical positioning and condition of these
components. Walk around your vehicle and inspect
the cameras and sensors for physical damage.
Incorrectly calibrated or positioned cameras and
sensors may limit or disable the use of safety
features. Contact Tesla if you suspect lingering
issues.
Cleaning Cameras and Sensors

To ensure the various Autopilot components can provide
information that is as accurate as possible, keep them
clean and free of obstructions, condensation, or damage
(see Cleaning on page 170).
Condensation can form inside the camera enclosures,

especially if you park your vehicle outside in cold or wet
conditions. The instrument cluster may display an alert
stating that a camera is blocked and that some or all
Autopilot features may be temporarily restricted until
the camera vision is clear. To proactively dry the
condensation, precondition the cabin by setting it to a
warm temperature, turning the windshield defroster on,
and directing the front air vents toward the door pillars
(see Mobile App on page 152).
CAUTION: Do not wipe an exposed lens with your

hands or a cloth in an attempt to remove dirt or
debris. The debris can damage the surface of the
lens when wiped.
CAUTION: Do not use chemical-based or abrasive
cleaners. Doing so can damage surfaces.
CAUTION: Do not clean an ultrasonic sensor or
camera lens with a sharp or abrasive object that
can scratch or damage its surface.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle of you, you can initiate Traffic-Aware Cruise Control at
configuration, options purchased, and software version, any speed, even when stationary, provided Model S is at
your vehicle may not be equipped with Traffic-Aware least 150 cm behind the detected vehicle and certain
Cruise Control, or the feature may not operate exactly as vehicle and environmental conditions are met.
described. If your vehicle is not equipped, refer to the
owner's manual on your vehicle's touchscreen for NOTE: The maximum cruising speed is 150 km/h. It is
instructions on how to use Cruise Control. the driver's responsibility to cruise at a safe speed based
on road conditions and speed limits.
NOTE: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is a BETA feature.
When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control determines when there is a available but not engaged, the instrument
vehicle in front of you in the same lane. If the area in panel displays a gray cruising speed icon.
front of Model S is clear, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control The number shown in gray represents the
maintains a set driving speed. When a vehicle is cruising speed that will be set when you
detected, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is designed to engage Traffic-Aware Cruise Control.
slow down Model S as needed to maintain a selected
time-based distance from the vehicle in front, up to the NOTE: On roads where the map data
set speed. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control does not determines that a conditional speed limit
eliminate the need to watch the road in front of you and exists (for example, a speed limit based on
to manually apply the brakes when needed. time of day or weather conditions), a
second speed limit icon displays below the
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is primarily intended for first one. It is the driver's responsibility to
driving on dry, straight roads, such as highways. determine whether the conditional speed
limit is currently in effect and if so, adjust
CAUTION: Ensure all cameras and sensors are the driving speed accordingly (see
clean before each drive. Dirty cameras and Changing the Cruising Speed on page
sensors, as well as environmental conditions such 78).
as rain and faded lane markings, can affect
Autopilot performance. When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is
actively cruising at a set cruising speed,
WARNING: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is
the icon turns blue and displays the set
designed for your driving comfort and
cruising speed.
convenience and is not a collision warning or
avoidance system. It is your responsibility to stay
alert, drive safely, and be in control of the vehicle
at all times. Never depend on Traffic-Aware Cruise 1. When available, you can engage Traffic-Aware Cruise
Control to adequately slow down Model S. Always Control to match the speed limit or your current
watch the road in front of you and be prepared to speed. Choose:
take corrective action at all times. Failure to do so ◦ To engage Traffic-Aware Cruise Control at your
can result in serious injury or death. current driving speed, move the Autopilot stalk up
WARNING: Although Traffic-Aware Cruise Control or down once and release the accelerator pedal to
is capable of detecting pedestrians and cyclists, allow Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to maintain the
never depend on Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to cruising speed.
adequately slow Model S down for them. Always ◦ To engage Traffic-Aware Cruise Control at the
watch the road in front of you and be prepared to currently detected speed limit, pull the Autopilot
take corrective action at all times. Failure to do so stalk toward you once and release the accelerator
can result in serious injury or death. pedal to allow Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to
WARNING: Do not use Traffic-Aware Cruise maintain the cruising speed.
Control on winding roads with sharp curves, on icy NOTE: Double-pulling the Autopilot stalk toward
or slippery road surfaces, or when weather you engages Autosteer (assuming it has been
conditions (such as heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.) enabled as described in Autosteer on page 83)
make it inappropriate to drive at a consistent in addition to setting the cruising speed.
speed. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control does not
adapt driving speed based on road and driving
conditions.
To Use Traffic-Aware Cruise Control

To initiate Traffic-Aware Cruise Control when no vehicle
is detected ahead of you, you must be driving at least
30 km/h, unless certain vehicle and environmental
conditions are met, in which case, you may be able to
initiate it at lower speeds. If a vehicle is detected ahead
Autopilot 77
NOTE: If you choose to engage Traffic-Aware
Cruise Control at the currently detected speed
limit, you can specify an offset. Touch Controls >
Autopilot > Set Speed Offset. You can choose a
Fixed offset, in which the cruising speed adjusts
by a specific number of km/h on all roads, or a
Percentage offset, in which the cruising speed is
adjusted as a percentage of the road's detected
speed limit. If you pull the Autopilot stalk toward
you when you are already driving faster than the
speed limit, the set speed adjusts to your current
driving speed instead of the speed limit. If you
move the Autopilot stalk up or down when
cruising at the speed limit, your set speed changes
to your current driving speed.
WARNING: When you adjust the cruising speed

based on the speed limit, the set cruising speed
may not change when the speed limit changes.
WARNING: Do not rely on Traffic-Aware Cruise
Control or Speed Assist to determine an
accurate or appropriate cruising speed. It is the
driver's responsibility to cruise at a safe speed
based on road conditions and applicable speed
limits.
2. To change your speed while using Traffic-Aware

Cruise Control, you can use the right scroll wheel or To increase/decrease speed by 1 km/h, move the stalk
the Autopilot stalk. For details, see Changing the up or down to the first position and release. To increase/
Cruising Speed on page 78. decrease speed to the closest 5 km/h increment, move
the stalk up/down to the second position and release.
3. To cancel Traffic-Aware Cruise Control, push the stalk
For example, if you are traveling at 83 km/h and you
away from you once or press the brake pedal. See
move the stalk up to the second position and release,
Canceling and Resuming on page 81 for more
the speed increases to 85 km/h. You can also increase/
information.
decrease speed by holding the stalk in the full up/down
position and releasing when the icon on the instrument
Set Traffic-Aware Cruise Control panel displays your desired cruising speed.
Chime You can also pull and hold the Autopilot stalk towards
you for approximately half a second to cruise at the
If you want a chime to sound when you engage or detected speed limit.
cancel Traffic-Aware Cruise Control, touch Controls >
Autopilot > Traffic-Aware Cruise Control Chime. NOTE: It may take a few seconds for Model S to reach
the new cruising speed, assuming Model S is not cruising
NOTE: Model S must be in Park. behind a vehicle that is driving slower than your set
speed.
Changing the Cruising Speed
Cruising at the Set Speed
To change the set cruising speed while using Traffic-
Aware Cruise Control, move the Autopilot stalk up Traffic-Aware Cruise Control maintains your set cruising
(increase) or down (decrease) until the instrument panel speed whenever a vehicle is not detected in front of
icon displays your desired cruising speed. Model S. When cruising behind a detected vehicle,
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control accelerates and decelerates
Model S as needed to maintain a chosen following
distance (see Adjust the Following Distance on page
80), up to the set speed.
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control also adjusts the cruising

speed when entering and exiting curves.

You can manually accelerate at any time when cruising
at a set speed, but when you release the accelerator,
Passing Vehicles in Non-Passing
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control resumes cruising at the set Lanes
speed.
When cruising 80 km/h or faster, Model S must be in a
NOTE: When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is actively passing lane to pass a vehicle. If you are in a non-passing
slowing down Model S to maintain the selected distance lane (to the right of a vehicle in right-hand traffic, or to
from the vehicle ahead, brake lights turn on to alert the left of a vehicle in left-hand traffic), Traffic-Aware
other road users that you are slowing down. You may Cruise Control prevents you from passing other vehicles.
notice slight movement of the brake pedal. However, Instead, Model S slows down to match the vehicle’s
when Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is accelerating speed as if it were in the same lane. If you press the
Model S, the accelerator pedal does not move. accelerator pedal to pass a vehicle, Traffic-Aware Cruise
WARNING: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control may Control allows you to continue passing vehicles when
occasionally cause Model S to brake when not cruising in the non-passing lane, until you either change
required or when you are not expecting it. This can lanes or cancel and resume cruising (it then prevents
be caused by closely following a vehicle ahead, you from passing vehicles in a non-passing lane again).
detecting vehicles or objects in adjacent lanes
(especially on curves), etc. NOTE: You are responsible for complying with all local
laws regarding passing other road users and using non-
WARNING: Due to limitations inherent in the passing lanes.
onboard GPS (Global Positioning System), you
may experience situations in which Model S slows
down, especially near exits or off-ramps where a HOLD State
curve is detected and/or you are navigating to a
destination and not following the route. When following a vehicle, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control
remains active at low speeds, even when Model S comes
WARNING: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control may not
to a full stop. When the vehicle is moving again, Traffic-
detect all objects and, especially when cruising
Aware Cruise Control resumes operating at the set
over 80 km/h, may not brake/decelerate when a
speed. However, under the following circumstances,
vehicle or object is only partially in the driving lane
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control goes into a HOLD state, in
or when a vehicle you are following moves out of
which case, you need to briefly press the accelerator
your driving path and a stationary or slow-moving
pedal or pull the Autopilot stalk toward you (see
vehicle or object is in front of you. Always pay
Canceling and Resuming on page 81) to resume
attention to the road ahead and stay prepared to
cruising. When the HOLD status is active, the instrument
take immediate corrective action. Depending on
panel displays the HOLD icon and a message that
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to avoid a collision
indicates that you need to resume cruise control. The
can result in serious injury or death. In addition,
following circumstances can cause Traffic-Aware Cruise
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control may react to vehicles
Control to go into the HOLD state:
or objects that either do not exist, or are not in
your lane of travel, causing Model S to slow down
unnecessarily or inappropriately. • Model S has been at a standstill for 5 minutes.
WARNING: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control may be • Model S detects a pedestrian (the HOLD state may
unable to provide adequate speed control because clear when the pedestrian is no longer detected).
of limited braking capability and hills. It can also • Model S suddenly loses visibility of the vehicle in
misjudge the distance from a vehicle ahead. front of you.
Driving downhill can increase driving speed,
• An obstacle is detected in front of Model S.
causing Model S to exceed your set speed (and
potentially the road's speed limit). Never depend
on Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to slow down Cruising Near or On Exits
Model S enough to prevent a collision. Always
keep your eyes on the road when driving and be
When cruising near an exit on a controlled-access
prepared to take corrective action as needed.
highway and engaging the turn signal toward the off-
Depending on Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to
ramp, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control assumes you are
reduce your driving speed enough to prevent a
exiting and begins to slow down Model S. If you do not
collision can result in serious injury or death.
drive onto the off-ramp, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control
resumes cruising at the set speed. In a region with right
hand traffic, this occurs only when you engage the right
turn signal when driving in the right-most lane within 50
meters of an exit. Likewise in regions with left hand
traffic; when engaging the left turn signal when driving
in the left-most lane within 50 meters of an exit.
Autopilot 79
When cruising onto an on-ramp to a controlled-access
highway, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control automatically
adjusts the set cruising speed to the speed limit of the
highway, plus any offset you have specified.
NOTE: The on-board Global Positioning System (GPS)

determines if you are driving in a region with right or left
hand traffic. In situations where GPS data is unavailable
(for example, if there is inadequate signal), engaging the
turn signal near an exit does not cause Traffic-Aware
Cruise Control to slow down Model S. NOTE: Your setting is retained until you manually
change it.
When enabled while on a highway interchange or off- WARNING: It is the driver's responsibility to
ramp in some regions, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control may determine and maintain a safe following distance
reduce your set speed in 5 km/h increments – to as slow at all times. Do not rely on Traffic-Aware Cruise
as 40 km/h – to better match the reported speeds of Control to maintain an accurate or appropriate
other Tesla vehicles that have driven at that specific following distance.
location. To override this and continue cruising at your
set speed, tap the accelerator pedal or move the WARNING: Never depend on Traffic-Aware Cruise
Autopilot stalk. The new set speed is maintained for the Control to adequately slow down Model S to avoid
duration of the interchange or off-ramp (unless you a collision. Always watch the road in front of you
override it or cancel Traffic-Aware Cruise Control). After and stay prepared to take immediate corrective
the interchange or off-ramp, the set speed may revert or action.
change as necessary based on the new location. For
example, if you merged onto a different highway, the set Overtake Acceleration
cruising speed reverts back to what it was before driving
on the interchange.
When following a vehicle with Traffic-Aware Cruise
Control active, engaging the turn signal (to indicate a
WARNING: In some cases (such as having
move into the passing lane) accelerates Model S towards
insufficient data), Traffic-Aware Cruise Control may
the vehicle ahead. By momentarily holding the turn
not automatically reduce the set speed on the
signal stalk up or down, you can quickly accelerate up to
highway interchange or off-ramp. Do not rely on
your set speed without having to press the accelerator
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to determine an
pedal. The turn signal causes acceleration only when all
appropriate driving speed. Tesla recommends
of the following conditions are met:
driving at a speed that is safe for road conditions
and within posted speed limits.
• Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is operating and detects
a vehicle in front of you.
Adjust the Following Distance • No obstacles or vehicles are detected in the target
lane.
To adjust the following distance you want to maintain
between Model S and a vehicle traveling ahead of you, • Model S is traveling below the set speed, but over
rotate the Autopilot stalk. Choose a setting from 1 (the 72 km/h.
closest following distance) to 7 (the longest following
distance). Each setting corresponds to a time-based Overtake Acceleration is intended as an aid when
distance that represents how long it takes for Model S, passing a vehicle ahead of you. When the turn signal is
from its current location, to reach the location of the engaged, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control continues to
rear bumper of the vehicle ahead of you. maintain distance from the vehicle ahead, but allows you
to drive slightly closer than your selected distance.
Acceleration cancels when one of the conditions

happen:
• You reach your set cruising speed.

• Changing lanes takes too long.
• Model S gets too close to the vehicle ahead.
As you rotate the Autopilot stalk, the instrument panel
displays the current setting. Release the stalk when the OR
desired setting is displayed.
• You disengage the turn signal.

NOTE: Overtake Acceleration occurs when you fully
engage the turn signal, or you . When you release the
turn signal, Model S stops accelerating (in the same way
as when you release the accelerator pedal) and resumes
the set speed.
WARNING: Overtake Acceleration can cancel for
many unforeseen reasons in addition to those
listed above (for example, lack of GPS data). Stay
alert and never depend on Overtake Acceleration
to increase your driving speed.
WARNING: Overtake Acceleration increases your
driving speed whenever the appropriate turn
signal is engaged, and accelerates Model S closer
to the vehicle ahead. Although Traffic-Aware
Cruise Control continues to maintain distance from
the vehicle ahead, it is important to be aware that NOTE: When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control cancels,
your selected following distance is reduced when Model S does not coast. Instead, regenerative braking
Overtake Acceleration is active, particularly in slows down Model S in the same way as when you move
cases where it may not be your intention to your foot off the accelerator when driving without
overtake the vehicle you are following. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (see Regenerative Braking
on page 58).
Canceling and Resuming WARNING: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control cancels,
or may not be available, in the following situations:
To manually cancel Traffic-Aware Cruise Control, press
the brake pedal or briefly push the Autopilot stalk away • You press the brake pedal.
from you. The cruising speed icon on the instrument
panel turns gray to indicate that Traffic-Aware Cruise • Your driving speed exceeds the maximum cruising
Control is no longer active. speed of 150 km/h.
• You shift Model S.
• A door is opened.
• A camera or sensor is obstructed. This could be
caused by dirt, mud, ice, snow, fog, etc.
• The traction control setting is manually disabled or is
repeatedly engaging to prevent wheels from slipping.
• The wheels are spinning while at a standstill.
• The Traffic-Aware Cruise Control system is failing or
requires service.
To resume cruising at the previously set speed, briefly
pull the Autopilot stalk toward you. When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is unavailable or
cancels, Model S no longer drives consistently at a set
speed and no longer maintains a specified distance from
the vehicle ahead.
WARNING: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control can cancel

unexpectedly at any time for unforeseen reasons.
Always watch the road in front of you and stay
prepared to take appropriate action. It is the
driver's responsibility to be in control of Model S at
all times.
Summary of Cruise Indicators

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is available
but is not actively controlling your speed
until you activate it. The number shown in
To resume cruising at the current driving speed, move gray is the cruising speed that will be set
the Autopilot stalk up or down, then release. when you engage Traffic-Aware Cruise
Control.
Autopilot 81
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is actively
cruising and is either maintaining the set
speed (no vehicle in front) or is
maintaining a chosen following distance
from a vehicle ahead (up to the set speed).
Model S has fully stopped but is in a HOLD

state. If safe, press the accelerator pedal to
resume cruising at the set speed.
Limitations
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is particularly unlikely to
operate as intended in the following types of situations:
• The road has sharp curves.

• Visibility is poor (due to heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.).
• Bright light (such as from oncoming headlights or
direct sunlight) is interfering with the view of the
camera(s).
• A camera or sensor is obstructed (fogged over, dirty,
covered by a sticker, etc.).

proper operation of Traffic-Aware Cruise Control.

Autosteer
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle
configuration, options purchased, and software version,
your vehicle may not be equipped with Autosteer, or the
feature may not operate exactly as described.
NOTE: Autosteer is a BETA feature.
Autosteer builds upon Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (see

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 77), intelligently
keeping Model S in its driving lane when cruising at a set
speed. Autosteer also allows you to use the turn signals
to move Model S into an adjacent lane (see Auto Lane
Change on page 85). Autosteer detects lane markings
and the presence of vehicles and objects to assist you in
steering Model S.
NOTE: To display more details about the roadway and its To indicate that Autosteer is now actively
surroundings, such as road markings, stop lights, objects assisting in steering Model S, the
(such as trash cans and poles), etc., touch Controls > instrument panel displays the Autosteer
Autopilot > Full Self-Driving Visualization Preview (if icon in blue. When Autosteer is able to
equipped). detect lane markings, it also displays the
CAUTION: Ensure all cameras and sensors are driving lane in blue.
clean. Dirty cameras and sensors, as well as
environmental conditions such as rain and faded Autosteer briefly displays a message on the instrument
lane markings, affect performance. panel reminding you to pay attention to the road and
have your hands on the steering wheel.
WARNING: Autosteer is a hands-on feature. You
must keep your hands on the steering wheel at all The speed at which you can initiate Autosteer can vary
times. depending on various conditions and whether or not a
WARNING: Autosteer is intended for use on vehicle is detected ahead of you. When no vehicle is
controlled-access highways with a fully attentive detected ahead of you, you must be driving at least
driver. When using Autosteer, hold the steering 30 km/h, unless certain vehicle and environmental
wheel and be mindful of road conditions and conditions are met, in which case, you may be able to
surrounding traffic. Do not use Autosteer in initiate it at lower speeds. When a vehicle is detected
construction zones, or in areas where bicyclists or ahead of you, you can initiate Autosteer at any speed,
pedestrians may be present. Never depend on even when stationary, provided Model S is at least 150
Autosteer to determine an appropriate driving cm behind the detected vehicle.
path. Always be prepared to take immediate
action. Failure to follow these instructions could NOTE: The maximum cruising speed is 150 km/h. It is
cause damage, serious injury or death. the driver's responsibility to cruise at a safe speed based
on road conditions and speed limits.
Operating Autosteer CAUTION: If available in your market region,
Model S detects lights from an emergency vehicle
Before you can operate Autosteer, you must enable it by when using Autosteer at night on a high speed
touching Controls > Autopilot > Autosteer (Beta). road, the driving speed is automatically reduced
and the instrument panel displays a message
informing you of the slowdown. You will also hear
To indicate that Autosteer is available (but a chime and see a reminder to keep your hands on
not actively steering Model S), the the steering wheel. When the light detections pass
instrument panel displays a gray Autosteer by or cease to appear, Autopilot resumes your
icon. cruising speed. Alternatively, you may tap the
accelerator to resume your cruising speed.
WARNING: Never depend on Autopilot features to
To initiate Autosteer, pull the Autopilot stalk toward you
determine the presence of emergency vehicles.
twice in quick succession.
Model S may not detect lights from emergency
vehicles in all situations. Keep your eyes on your
driving path and always be prepared to take
immediate action.
Autopilot 83
Autosteer
In situations where Autosteer is temporarily unavailable, Autosteer detects your hands by recognizing slight
the Autosteer icon disappears. For example, your driving resistance as the steering wheel turns, or from you
speed is not within the speed required for Autosteer to manually turning the steering wheel very lightly (without
operate. Autosteer may also be unavailable if it is not enough force to take over steering).
receiving adequate data from the camera(s).
NOTE: When your hands are detected, the message
If unable to detect lane markings, Autosteer may disappears and Autosteer resumes normal operation.
determine the driving lane based on a vehicle you are
following. Autosteer requires that you pay attention to your
surroundings and remain prepared to take control at any
In most cases, Autosteer attempts to center Model S in time. If Autosteer still does not detect your hands on the
the driving lane. However, there may be situations in steering wheel, the flashing light on the instrument panel
which Autosteer may steer Model S in a driving path increases in frequency and a chime sounds.
that is offset from the center of the lane (for example,
detection of guard rails). If you repeatedly ignore Autosteer's prompts to apply
slight force to the steering wheel, Autosteer disables for
WARNING: Autosteer is not designed to, and will the rest of the drive and displays the following message
not, steer Model S around objects partially in a requesting you to drive manually. If you don't resume
driving lane and in some cases, may not stop for manual steering, Autosteer sounds a continuous chime,
objects that are completely blocking the driving turns on the warning flashers, and slows the vehicle to a
lane. Always watch the road in front of you and complete stop.
stay prepared to take immediate action. It is the
driver's responsibility to be in control of Model S at Autosteer unavailable for the rest of this
all times. drive. Hold steering wheel to drive
manually.
Restricted Speed
On a controlled-access highway, the cruising speed

reflects the speed limit, taking into consideration any For the rest of the drive, you must steer manually.
offset you've specified using Speed Assist. However, if Autosteer is available again on your next drive (after you
you choose to use Autosteer on residential roads, a road stop and shift Model S into Park).
without a center divider, or a road where access is not
limited, Autosteer may limit the maximum allowed Autosteer is Aborting
cruising speed and the instrument panel displays a
message indicating that speed is restricted. The
restricted speed will be the speed limit of the road plus In situations where Autosteer is unable to assist in
10 km/h. steering Model S, Autosteer aborts, sounds a warning
chime, and displays the following message on the
In situations where the speed limit cannot be detected instrument panel:
when Autosteer is engaged, Autosteer reduces your
driving speed and limits the set cruising speed to 70 Autosteer is aborting
km/h. Although you can manually accelerate to exceed
the limited speed, Model S may not brake for detected
obstacles. Autosteer slows down to the limited speed
when you release the accelerator pedal. When you leave
the road, or disengage Autosteer by using the steering
wheel, you can increase your set speed again, if desired.
Canceling Autosteer
Hold Steering Wheel
Autosteer cancels when:
Autosteer determines how best to assist in steering
• You press the brake pedal.
Model S. When active, Autosteer requires you to hold
the steering wheel. If it does not detect your hands on • You apply rotational force to the steering wheel (even
the steering wheel for a period of time, a flashing light a slight amount).
appears along the top of the instrument panel and the • You push the Autopilot stalk away from you.
following message displays:
• You exceed the maximum speed at which Autosteer
Apply slight turning force to steering operates – 150 km/h.
wheel • You shift.

Autosteer
• An Automatic Emergency Braking event occurs (see Operating Auto Lane Change
Collision Avoidance Assist on page 107).
Auto Lane Change is available whenever Autosteer is
When Autosteer cancels, it sounds a chime and the active. To change lanes using Auto Lane Change:
Autosteer icon either turns gray to indicate that
Autosteer is no longer active, or disappears to indicate 1. Perform visual checks to make sure it is safe and
that it is not currently available. appropriate to move into the target lane.
NOTE: If Autosteer cancels because you applied 2. Engage the appropriate turn signal, keeping your
rotational force to the steering wheel, Traffic-Aware hands on the steering wheel.
Cruise Control remains active. Disengage Traffic-Aware 3. If needed, cancel the turn signal once you are in the
Cruise Control as you normally would, by pressing the target lane.
brake pedal or briefly pushing the Autopilot stalk away
from you or.
NOTE: The minimum speed at which Auto Lane Change
operates may vary depending on region, adjacent lane
To disable Autosteer so it is no longer available, touch
speeds, and other factors. Always be ready to manually
Controls > Autopilot > Autosteer (Beta).
steer and change lanes as necessary.
Auto Lane Change Auto Lane Change assists in moving Model S into the
adjacent lane in the direction indicated by the turn
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle signal, provided the following conditions are met:
your vehicle may not be equipped with Auto Lane • The turn signal is engaged.
Change, or the feature may not operate exactly as • Auto Lane Change detected your hands on the
described. steering wheel.
When Autosteer is active, engage a turn signal to move • Model S does not detect a vehicle in its blind spot, or
Model S into an adjacent lane (moving the steering a vehicle or obstacle up to the center of the target
wheel would cancel Autosteer). lane.
• Lane markings indicate that a lane change is
WARNING: It is the driver's responsibility to
permitted.
determine whether a lane change is safe and
appropriate. Therefore, before initiating a lane • Midway through the lane change, Model S must
change, always check blind spots, lane markings, detect the target lane's outside lane marking. If this
and the surrounding roadway to confirm it is safe lane marking is not detected, the lane change is
and appropriate to move into the target lane. aborted and Model S returns to its original driving
lane.
WARNING: Never depend on Auto Lane Change to
determine an appropriate driving path. Drive • The view of the camera(s) is not obstructed.
attentively by watching the road and traffic ahead
of you, checking the surrounding area, and When an automatic lane change is in progress, Overtake
monitoring the instrument panel for warnings. Acceleration is activated, allowing Model S to accelerate
Always be prepared to take immediate action. closer to a vehicle in front (see Overtake Acceleration on
WARNING: Do not use Auto Lane Change on roads page 80).
where traffic conditions are constantly changing
NOTE: Auto Lane Change assists in moving Model S one
and where bicycles and pedestrians are present.
lane at a time. Moving into an additional lane requires
WARNING: The performance of Auto Lane Change you to engage the turn signal a second time after the
depends on the ability of the camera(s) to first lane change is complete.
recognize lane markings.
WARNING: Do not use Auto Lane Change on When using Auto Lane Change, it is important to
winding roads with sharp curves, on icy or slippery monitor its performance by watching the driving path in
roads, or when weather conditions (such as heavy front of you and the surrounding area. Stay prepared to
rain, snow, fog, etc.) may be obstructing the view take over steering at any time. As you are crossing over
from the camera(s) or sensors. into the adjacent lane, the instrument panel displays the
location in the lane that Model S is moving into.
WARNING: Failure to follow all warnings and
instructions can result in property damage, serious In situations where Auto Lane Change is unable to
injury or death. operate at optimal performance, or cannot operate due
to inadequate data, the instrument panel displays a
series of warnings. Therefore, when using Auto Lane
Change, always pay attention to the instrument panel
and be prepared to manually steer Model S.
Autopilot 85
Autosteer
Adjacent Lane Speed WARNING: The Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning
feature does not apply the brakes or decelerate
Model S and may not detect all stop lights and
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle stop signs. Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning is
configuration, options purchased, and software version, designed for guidance purposes only and is not a
your vehicle may not be equipped with Adjacent Lane substitute for attentive driving and sound
Speed, or the feature may not operate exactly as judgment. Keep your eyes on the road when
described. driving and never depend on Stop Light and Stop
Sign Warning to warn you of a stop light or stop
When moving significantly faster than vehicles in
sign.
adjacent lanes, Model S automatically reduces the
driving speed. This is especially helpful in heavy traffic WARNING: Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning is
situations or when vehicles are constantly merging into designed to warn you only when approaching a
different lanes. When Model S detects other vehicles visible red stop sign, solid red or later portion of a
driving significantly slower, the instrument panel yellow traffic light. It may not warn you of
highlights the adjacent lanes with arrows and detected intersections with flashing lights and it does not
vehicles in gray, and Model S reduces the driving speed warn you of yield signs or temporary stop and
as appropriate. To temporarily override this feature, yield signs (such as those used in construction
press the accelerator pedal. areas). Additionally, Stop Light and Stop Sign
Warning does not warn you of approaching stop
WARNING: Never depend on Autopilot to lights or stop signs when you are pressing the
determine a safe driving speed; you are accelerator pedal or brake pedal (which disables
responsible for driving safely and according to Autosteer).
traffic laws in your market region.
Limitations
Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning
Autosteer and its associated functions are particularly
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle unlikely to operate as intended when:
your vehicle may not be equipped with Stop Light and • Autosteer is unable to accurately determine lane
Stop Sign Warning, or the feature may not operate markings. For example, lane markings are excessively
exactly as described. worn, have visible previous markings, have been
adjusted due to road construction, are changing
While Autosteer is in use, Model S displays a warning on quickly (lanes branching off, crossing over, or
the instrument panel and sounds a chime if it detects merging), objects or landscape features are casting
that you are likely to run through a red stop light or stop strong shadows on the lane markings, or the road
sign. If this happens, TAKE IMMEDIATE CORRECTIVE surface contains pavement seams or other high-
ACTION! contrast lines.
The visual and audible warnings cancel after a few • Visibility is poor (heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.) or
seconds, or when you press the brake pedal, whichever weather conditions are interfering with sensor
comes first. operation.
• A camera(s) or sensor(s) is obstructed, covered, or
Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning provides warnings damaged.
only. It does not slow down or stop Model S at red traffic
lights, stop signs, road markings, etc. If equipped with • Driving on hills.
Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control, you can enable this • Approaching a toll booth.
feature to automatically stop Model S at traffic lights
and stop signs (see Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control • Driving on a road that has sharp curves or is
on page 90). excessively rough.
• Bright light (such as direct sunlight) is interfering
NOTE: Touch Controls > Autopilot > Full Self-Driving with the view of the camera(s).
Visualization Preview (if equipped) to display more
details about the roadway and its surroundings, such as • The sensors are affected by other electrical
road markings, stop lights, objects (such as trash cans equipment or devices that generate ultrasonic waves.
and poles), etc. • A vehicle is detected in your blind spot when you
CAUTION: Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning engage the turn signal.
requires on-board maps to know that a particular • Model S is being driven very close to a vehicle in front
stop light or stop sign exists at a location. In some of it, which is blocking the view of the camera(s).
cases, map data is inaccurate or outdated and may
not include all stop lights or stop signs. Therefore,
Stop Light and Stop Sign Warning may not detect
all stop lights and stop signs.

Autosteer
WARNING: Many unforeseen circumstances can
impair the operation of Autosteer. Always keep this
in mind and remember that as a result, Autosteer
may not assist in steering Model S appropriately.
Always drive attentively and be prepared to take
immediate action.
Autopilot 87
Navigate on Autopilot
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle change lanes to achieve the set cruising speed. The
configuration, options purchased, and software version, Mild setting is more conservative about lane changes
your vehicle may not be equipped with Navigate on and may result in a slightly longer driving time
Autopilot, or the feature may not operate exactly as whereas Mad Max is designed to allow you to reach
described. your destination in the shortest driving time possible,
but changes lanes only when safe to do so.
NOTE: Navigate on Autopilot is a BETA feature.
When using Autosteer on a controlled-access highway NOTE: The touchscreen displays route-based lane
(a main highway on which road users enter and exit changes at the top of the map's turn-by-turn direction
using on-ramps and off-ramps). Navigate on Autopilot list to notify you that an upcoming lane change is
guides Model S to off-ramps and interchanges based on needed to stay on the navigation route.
your navigation route. Along the highway portion of a
navigation route, Navigate on Autopilot also changes Operating Navigate on Autopilot
lanes to prepare for exits (route-based lane changes)
and to minimize the driving time to your destination
Once enabled, the Navigate on Autopilot button appears
(speed-based lane changes).
on the map’s turn-by-turn direction list whenever a
WARNING: Navigate on Autopilot does not make navigation route is active and the route includes at least
driving autonomous. You must pay attention to the one controlled-access highway. When enabled, the
road, keep your hands on the steering wheel at all Navigate on Autopilot button is blue and the turn-by-
times, and remain aware of your navigation route. turn direction displays the Autosteer icon next to the
maneuvers (such as off-ramps) that Navigate on
WARNING: As is the case with normal driving, be Autopilot will handle.
extra careful around blind corners, interchanges,
and on-ramps and off-ramps - obstacles can NOTE: If Enable At Start Of Every Trip is turned off, you
appear quickly and at any time. must touch the Navigate on Autopilot button to enable
WARNING: Navigate on Autopilot may not it for each navigation route.
recognize or detect oncoming vehicles, stationary
Navigate on Autopilot activates and deactivates as
objects, and special-use lanes such as those used
appropriate, based on the type of road you are driving
exclusively for bikes, carpools, emergency vehicles,
on. For example, if Autosteer is active and Navigate on
etc. Remain alert at all times and be prepared to
Autopilot is enabled, Navigate on Autopilot
take immediate action. Failure to do so can cause
automatically becomes active when you reach a
damage, injury or death.
controlled-access highway on your navigation route.
Enabling and Customizing Navigate Whenever Navigate on Autopilot is active, the

instrument panel displays the driving lane as a single
on Autopilot blue line in front of Model S:
To enable Navigate on Autopilot, touch Controls >

Autopilot > Navigate on Autopilot (Beta). Then, to
customize how you want Navigate on Autopilot to
operate, touch Customize Navigate on Autopilot:
• Enable At Start Of Every Trip: Choose whether or not

you want to automatically enable Navigate on
Autopilot for every navigation route. When enabled,
the Navigate on Autopilot button on the turn-by-turn
direction list is already enabled at the start of every
trip.
• Speed Based Lane Changes: Navigate on Autopilot is
designed to perform both route-based and speed-
based lane changes. Route-based lane changes are
designed to keep you on your navigation route (for
example, moving you into an adjacent lane to prepare
for an upcoming off-ramp) whereas speed-based
lane changes are designed to maintain a driving
speed (not to exceed your cruising speed) that allows
you to minimize the time it takes to reach your When Navigate on Autopilot is active and you approach
destination (for example, moving into an adjacent an off-ramp or interchange along your navigation route,
lane to pass a vehicle in front of you). Speed-based the appropriate turn signal engages and Autosteer
lanes changes are optional. You can use this setting maneuvers Model S onto the off-ramp or interchange.
to disable speed-based lane changes or to specify
how aggressively you want Navigate on Autopilot to

Navigate on Autopilot
WARNING: Never depend on Navigate on When the instrument panel displays a message asking
Autopilot to determine an appropriate lane at an you to confirm the lane change, engage the appropriate
off-ramp. Stay alert and perform visual checks to turn signalor pull the Autopilot stalk toward you. If you
ensure that the driving lane is safe and do not confirm the lane change within three seconds, a
appropriate. chime sounds to remind you that Navigate on Autopilot
requires your confirmation to change lanes.
When you leave a controlled-access highway (for
example, you take an exit or you enter a section of the NOTE: If you ignore a route-based lane change
navigation route that is no longer supported), Navigate suggestion (for example, you are driving in the left lane
on Autopilot reverts back to Autosteer— a chime sounds while approaching an off-ramp on the right side of the
and the instrument panel displays the driving lane lines highway), Navigate on Autopilot is unable to maneuver
in blue (instead of the single blue in front of Model S). onto the off-ramp and as a result, you are re-routed to
your destination.
WARNING: When Navigate on Autopilot
WARNING: Navigate on Autopilot may not always
deactivates, Autosteer remains active. Always be
attempt to exit at an off-ramp or change lanes,
prepared to take appropriate action.
even when an exit or lane change is determined by
WARNING: Navigate on Autopilot may not always the navigation route. Always remain alert and be
attempt to exit at an off-ramp or change lanes, prepared to manually steer onto an off-ramp, or
even when an exit or lane change is determined by make a lane change to prepare for, or to exit at, an
the navigation route. Always remain alert and be off-ramp or interchange.
prepared to manually steer onto an off-ramp, or
make a lane change to prepare for, or to exit at, an
off-ramp or interchange.
Be Ready to Assist
You can cancel Navigate on Autopilot at any time by When attempting to change lanes or maneuver Model S,
touching Navigate on Autopilot on the map’s turn-by- or when approaching construction zones, Navigate on
turn direction list (Model S reverts back to Autosteer), or Autopilot may be unable to determine the appropriate
by canceling Autosteer entirely (see Canceling driving lane (for example, complex clover leafs and
Autosteer on page 84). multi-lane off-ramps) and the instrument panel displays
an alert indicating that Navigate on Autopilot is trying to
maneuver and may require assistance. When you see the
Lane Changes message, be prepared to take immediate action to
ensure that it is safe and appropriate to complete the
Navigate on Autopilot changes lanes to either prepare lane change or maneuver.
Model S for an upcoming off-ramp, to increase your
driving speed (not to exceed your set cruising speed), or
to move Model S out of a passing lane when you are not
actively passing other road users. A message displays at
the top of the map's turn-by-turn direction list to notify
you when an upcoming lane change is required to stay
on your navigation route. The instrument panel displays
the upcoming driving path:
Autopilot 89
Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle • Enable the feature. With the vehicle in Park, touch
configuration, options purchased, and software version, Controls > Autopilot > Traffic Light and Stop Sign
your vehicle may not be equipped with Traffic Light and Control. Once enabled, Traffic Light and Stop Sign
Stop Sign Control, or the feature may not operate Control operates whenever Traffic-Aware Cruise
exactly as described. Control or Autosteer is active.
NOTE: Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control is a BETA
feature and works best on roads that are frequently
driven by Tesla vehicles. Traffic Light and Stop Sign
How it Works
Control attempts to stop at all traffic lights and may also
stop at green lights. When Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control is enabled and
you are using Autosteer or Traffic-Aware Cruise Control,
Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control is designed to the instrument panel displays a popup message to
recognize and respond to traffic lights and stop signs, inform you that an upcoming traffic light, stop sign, or
slowing Model S to a stop when using Traffic-Aware road marking has been detected. As it approaches the
cruise control or Autosteer. This feature uses the stop location, even at an intersection where the traffic
vehicle's forward-facing cameras, in addition to GPS light is green, Model S slows down and displays a red
data, and slows the car for all detected traffic lights, line to indicate where Model S will stop. To continue
including green, blinking yellow, and off lights in addition through the intersection—even if the traffic light is green
to stop signs and some road markings. As Model S —you must pull the Autopilot stalk toward you or briefly
approaches an intersection, the instrument panel press the accelerator pedal to give the vehicle
displays a notification indicating the intention to slow permission to proceed. When you've confirmed that you
down. You must confirm that you want to continue or want to proceed, the red stop line turns gray and
Model S stops at the red line displayed on the Model S continues through the intersection and resumes
instrument panel's driving visualization. your set cruising speed.
WARNING: NEVER make assumptions and predict NOTE: If Model S is approaching a green light and
when and where Traffic Light and Stop Sign detects that a vehicle in front of you is continuing
Control will stop or continue through an through the intersection, Model S continues through the
intersection or road marking. From a driver's intersection without requiring your confirmation,
perspective, the behavior of Traffic Light and Stop provided you are not in a turning lane and your hands
Sign Control may appear inconsistent. Always pay are detected on the steering wheel.
attention to the roadway and be prepared to take NOTE: If, after you pull the Autopilot stalk toward you or
immediate action. It is the driver's responsibility to briefly press the accelerator pedal to confirm that you
determine whether to stop or continue through an want to continue through the intersection, the traffic
intersection. Never depend on Traffic Light and signal changes before you enter the intersection (for
Stop Sign Control to determine when it is safe example, the light changes from green to yellow or from
and/or appropriate to stop or continue through an yellow to red), Model S may determine that it is not
intersection. appropriate to proceed. Therefore, Model S stops and
you must press the accelerator to proceed. At all times,
Before Using it is your responsibility to ensure the vehicle stops or
accelerates appropriately and safely.
Before using Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control, you WARNING: Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control
must: DOES NOT turn Model S through an intersection.
When in a turning lane, Model S stops at the red
• Ensure that forward-facing cameras are unobstructed stop line. To proceed, pull the Autopilot stalk
(see Cleaning Cameras and Sensors on page 76) and toward you or briefly press the accelerator pedal—
calibrated (see Drive to Calibrate Cameras on page Model S continues straight through the
75). Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control depends on intersection (even when in a turning lane), so you
the ability of the cameras to detect traffic lights, stop MUST manually steer Model S through the
signs, and road markings. intersection (which cancels Autosteer).
• Ensure that the latest version of maps has been Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control is designed to
downloaded to Model S. Although Traffic Light and operate as described only when the following conditions
Stop Sign Control primarily uses visual data received are met:
from the vehicle's cameras, greater accuracy is
achieved when using the most recent map data. To
• Autosteer or Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is engaged.
check which version of maps is currently
downloaded, touch Controls > Software > Additional • The cameras can detect an upcoming traffic light,
vehicle information. You must connect to a Wi-Fi stop sign or road marking (for example, cameras are
network to receive updated maps (see Map Updates unobstructed and have a clear line-of-sight to the
on page 128). traffic light, stop sign, or road marking).

• The instrument panel on Model S is displaying an WARNING: Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control is
upcoming traffic light in "bold" format. Model S does not a substitute for attentive driving and sound
not acknowledge traffic lights that the instrument judgment.
panel shows as faded. If a traffic light is not directly
ahead of the camera (for example, it is located at an
angle of the camera's view, or located in an adjacent
lane) the instrument panel displays it as faded and
Model S does not slow down and stop for it.
WARNING: If the instrument panel is not

displaying a red stop line at an upcoming
intersection, Model S does not slow down or stop.
It is the driver's responsibility to pay attention to
upcoming intersections and monitor traffic
conditions to determine when and if the vehicle
should stop and then to take appropriate action as
needed.
WARNING: Never depend on Traffic Light and
Stop Sign Control to determine whether to stop at,
or proceed through, an intersection. Drive
attentively by watching the road and paying
attention to the roadway, upcoming intersections,
traffic conditions, crosswalks, and other road users.
It is always the driver's responsibility to determine
whether to stop or proceed. Be prepared to take
immediate action. Failure to do so can result in
injury or death.
WARNING: In some situations, Traffic Light and
Stop Sign Control may inaccurately detect a traffic
light or stop sign, causing Model S to slow down
unexpectedly. Be prepared to take immediate
action at all times.
WARNING: You must pull the Autopilot stalk
toward you or briefly press the accelerator pedal
to confirm that you want to proceed through an
intersection, regardless of the status of the traffic
light. If you do not confirm, Model S stops at the
red stop line displayed on the instrument panel,
even if stopping may be inappropriate. Stopping at
a green light may confuse other drivers and may
result in a collision, injury or death. Therefore,
always pay attention to upcoming intersections
and be prepared to manually brake or accelerate in
response to surroundings.
WARNING: Never assume that your ability to see a
traffic light, stop sign, or road marking (especially
at a complex intersection, or an intersection in
which a traffic light or sign is partially obstructed,
etc.) means that Model S can also see it and
respond appropriately.
WARNING: Even the most recent map data does
not include all traffic lights and stop signs.
Therefore, Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control
relies heavily on the ability of the cameras to
detect traffic lights, stop signs, road markings, etc.
As a result, Model S may ignore an intersection
that is blocked from the camera's view (for
example, obstructed by a tree or a large vehicle or
object, or located near a steep hill or sharp curve).
Autopilot 91
Traffic Lights
When driving with Autosteer or Traffic-Aware Cruise Control engaged, and Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control
enabled, Model S is designed to respond as follows when approaching intersections controlled by a traffic light:
Type of Traffic Light Vehicle Intended Response
At a solid green traffic light, or at a traffic light that is currently off (not
illuminated), Model S slows down.
If you are following a car in front of you that continues through the intersection,
the instrument panel displays a green stop line and provided your hands are
detected on the steering wheel, Model S also continues. If a car is not in front of
you, the instrument panel displays a red stop line and you must confirm that you
want to continue through the intersection by pulling the Autopilot stalk toward you
or briefly pressing the accelerator pedal. If you don’t confirm, Model S stops at the
red stop line.
NOTE: Model S resumes the set cruising speed when it continues through the
intersection, taking into consideration the speed of a vehicle in front of you.
Model S slows down and comes to a complete stop at the red stop line displayed
on the instrument panel. When you want to continue through the intersection (for
example, the light turns green again, or once Model S has come to a complete
stop), you must pull the Autopilot stalk toward you or briefly press the accelerator
pedal.
on the instrument panel. When you want to proceed through the intersection (for
example, the light turns green again), you must pull the Autopilot stalk toward you
or briefly press the accelerator pedal.
NOTE: If the traffic light changes after you've confirmed that you want to proceed
(for example, a green traffic light turns yellow), Model S may stop instead of
continuing, especially if Model S determines that it can safely stop before entering
the intersection.
NOTE: Model S is not designed to proceed through an intersection when the traffic
light is red or if the light turns yellow in situations when there is adequate distance
to safely stop before entering the intersection.
NOTE: You can take over driving at any time by manually braking to cancel
Autosteer or Traffic-aware Cruise Control.

Type of Traffic Light Vehicle Intended Response
Model S slows down. To proceed, you must pull the Autopilot stalk toward you or
briefly press the accelerator pedal. If you don’t, Model S stops at the red stop line
displayed on the instrument panel.
NOTE: To prevent Model S from stopping, and to minimize how much it slows
down as it approaches, you can confirm that you want to proceed by pulling the
Autopilot stalk toward you or briefly pressing the accelerator pedal at any time
after the instrument panel displays the red stop line. Model S resumes your set
cruising speed immediately after you confirm (taking into consideration the speed
of a vehicle in front of you).
WARNING: Approach attentively and be prepared to press the brake pedal to
slow down or stop.
on the instrument panel. When you want to proceed through the intersection (for
example, traffic laws and conditions indicate it is safe and legal to proceed), you
must pull the Autopilot stalk toward you or briefly press the accelerator pedal.
Autopilot 93
Stop Signs and Road Markings
When driving with Autosteer or Traffic-aware Cruise Control engaged, and Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control
enabled, Model S is designed to respond as follows when approaching intersections controlled by stop signs, stop
lines, or road markings:
Type of Intersection Vehicle Intended Response

Model S assumes the right of way and continues straight without slowing down or
stopping.
No Traffic Control
Arm of T-junction
If Model S detects a T-junction based on the map data, Model S slows down and
comes to a complete stop at the red stop line displayed on the instrument panel.
When you want to proceed, you must take over steering and acceleration.
WARNING: Model S may not stop at a T-junction that does not have a stop sign
or stop line, or if the T-junction is not included in the map data. Drive
attentively and be prepared to stop (when necessary and/or appropriate).
End of T-junction
Model S slows down and comes to a complete stop at the red stop line displayed on
the instrument panel. When you want to proceed through the intersection, you must
pull the Autopilot stalk toward you or briefly press the accelerator pedal.
NOTE: If you confirm that you want to proceed through an intersection controlled by
a stop sign by pulling the Autopilot stalk toward you or briefly pressing the
accelerator pedal before Model S has stopped, your confirmation is ignored. Model S
is not designed to proceed through a stop sign without stopping.
NOTE: Even when using Autosteer, and even if you have engaged a turn signal, you
must turn the steering wheel yourself (which cancels Autosteer) to complete a turn
at an intersection.
Stop Sign

Type of Intersection Vehicle Intended Response
Stop Sign and Road Marking
Road Marking
WARNING: At crosswalks, Model S may slow down and may stop, depending on whether the crosswalk is
controlled by a traffic light and whether the cameras detect pedestrians, bicyclists, etc. in the crosswalk. Pay
particular attention at crosswalks and be prepared to take over at any time. Failure to do so can result in injury
or death.
Limitations
Depending on many different circumstances and environmental conditions, Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control may
or may not stop at:
• Railroad crossings.
• Keep-out zones.
• Toll booths.
• Roundabouts.
• Crosswalk systems.
• Yield signs or temporary traffic lights and stop signs (such as at construction areas).
• Miscellaneous traffic U-turn lights, bicycle and pedestrian crossing lights, lane availability lights, etc.
In addition, Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control is particularly unlikely to operate as intended, can disengage, or may
not operate, when one or more of the following conditions are present:
• Driving through consecutive light-controlled intersections that are very close to each other.
• Visibility is poor (heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.) or weather conditions are interfering with camera or sensor
operation.
• Bright light (such as direct sunlight) is interfering with the view of the camera(s).
• A camera is obstructed, covered, damaged, or not properly calibrated.
Autopilot 95
• Driving on a hill or on a road that has sharp curves on which the cameras are unable to see upcoming traffic lights
or stop signs.
• A traffic light, stop sign, or road marking is obstructed (for example, a tree, a large vehicle, etc.).
• Model S is being driven very close to a vehicle in front of it, which is blocking the view of a camera.
WARNING: The limitations listed above are not an exhaustive list of reasons why Model S may not operate as
expected. Many unforeseen circumstances can adversely impact the accurate operation of Traffic Light and
Stop Sign Control. Using this feature does not reduce or eliminate the need to drive attentively and
responsibly. You must be prepared to take appropriate and immediate action at all times.

Autopark
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle 1. While driving slowly on a public road, monitor the
configuration, options purchased, and software version, instrument panel to determine when Autopark has
your vehicle may not be equipped with Autopark. detected a parking space. The instrument panel will
display a parking icon if the vehicle detects a
Autopark uses data to simplify parking on public roads potential parking spot.
by maneuvering Model S into parallel and perpendicular
parking spaces.
CAUTION: Ensure all cameras and sensors are

clean. Dirty cameras and sensors, as well as
environmental conditions such as rain and faded
lane markings, can affect Autopilot performance.
WARNING: Autopark's performance depends on
the ability of the cameras and ultrasonic sensors to
determine the vehicle's proximity to curbs, objects, NOTE: The parking icon appears only if the vehicle's
and other vehicles. position and/or the circumstances of the surrounding
area are such that Autopark can determine an
WARNING: Do not use Autopark if anything, such appropriate driving path. If Autopark cannot
as a ball hitch, bike rack, or trailer, is attached to determine an appropriate path (for example, when
the tow hitch. Autopark may not stop for hitches driving on a narrow street where moving into the
when parking between or in front of other vehicles. parking space causes the front of the vehicle to
extend into the adjacent lane), you can either
Parameters reposition the vehicle, find a different parking space,
or park manually.
Autopark detects potential parking spaces based on the 2. Check to determine if the detected parking space is
following parameters: appropriate and safe. If so, pull forward and stop
approximately one car length ahead of the parking
Perpendicular Parking space (as you normally would when parallel parking
or when backing into a perpendicular parking space).
• Your driving speed must be below 13 km/h. If driving
too fast, Autopark may not be able to accurately 3. Autopark displays a message when parking is
detect your desired parking space. complete.
• The parking space must be at least 2.2 meters wide.

NOTE: If you press the brake pedal when Autopark is
• The parking space must have at least three visible actively parking Model S, the parking process pauses
lines for the vehicle to park into, such as parking lines, until you touch Resume on the touchscreen.
road markings, or distinct curbs. Autopark may not
WARNING: Never depend on Autopark to find a
work in a garage, for example, without three visible
parking space that is legal, suitable, and safe.
parking lines.
Autopark may not always detect objects in the
• Autopark may not work with textured road surfaces parking space. Always perform visual checks to
such as cobblestone or brick. confirm that a parking space is appropriate and
safe.
Parallel Parking WARNING: When Autopark is actively steering
Model S, the steering wheel moves in accordance
• Your driving speed must be below 21 km/h. If driving with Autopark's adjustments. Do not interfere with
too fast, Autopark may not be able to accurately the movement of the steering wheel. Doing so
detect your desired parking space. cancels Autopark.
• There must be a vehicle in front of the space you WARNING: During the parking sequence,
want to park in. continually check your surroundings. Be prepared
• A distinct curb or edge must be visible. Autopark to apply the brakes to avoid vehicles, pedestrians,
may not correctly identify the parking space if the or objects.
curb is not distinct, such as grass or dirt. WARNING: When Autopark is active, monitor the
touchscreen and instrument panel to ensure that
NOTE: Autopark does not operate on angled parking you are aware of the instructions that Autopark is
spaces. providing.
To Use Autopark To Pause Parking

When driving, follow these steps to allow Autopark to To pause Autopark, press the brake pedal once. Model S
maneuver Model S into a parking space: stops and remains stopped until you touch Resume on
the touchscreen.
Autopilot 97
Autopark
To Cancel Parking
Autopark cancels the parking sequence when you
manually move the steering wheel, shift, or touch Cancel
on the touchscreen. Autopark also cancels parking
when:
• The parking sequence exceeds seven moves.

• Model S detects that the driver is exiting the vehicle.
• You press the accelerator pedal.
• You press the brake pedal while Autopark is paused.
• An Automatic Emergency Braking event occurs (see
Collision Avoidance Assist on page 107).
Limitations
Autopark is particularly unlikely to operate as intended
in these situations:
• The road is sloped. Autopark is designed to operate

on flat roads only.
• The curb is constructed of material other than stone,
or the curb cannot be detected.
• The target parking space is directly adjacent to a wall
or pillar (for example, the last parking space of a row
in an underground parking structure).
coating, etc.).
• Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, fog, or
extremely hot or cold temperatures) are interfering
with sensor operation.
WARNING: Many unforeseen circumstances can

impair Autopark's ability to park Model S. Keep
this in mind and remember that as a result,
Autopark may not steer Model S appropriately. Pay
attention when parking Model S and stay prepared
to immediately take control.

Summon
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle WARNING: Parking in a narrow space limits the
configuration, options purchased, and software version, ability of the sensors to accurately detect the
your vehicle may not be equipped with Summon, or the location of obstacles, increasing the risk of
feature may not operate exactly as described. damage to Model S and/or surrounding objects.
Summon allows you to automatically park and retrieve • Use Auto HomeLink (if equipped): Set to ON if you
Model S while you are standing outside the vehicle. want to activate HomeLink to open/close a
Summon moves Model S forward and reverse up to 12 programmed HomeLink device (such as a gate or a
meters in, or out of, a parking space. garage door) during the parking process when using
Summon. If enabled, the device automatically opens
To move Model S a longer distance while steering and closes when Model S enters or exits during a
around objects, you can use Smart Summon (if Summon session. In a Smart Summon session (if
equipped) and your mobile phone. Smart Summon equipped), the device automatically opens when, at
allows your vehicle to find you (or you can send your the beginning of a session, Smart Summon detects
vehicle to a chosen location). See Smart Summon on that Model S is parked in a garage.
page 101.
WARNING: Always ensure that Model S is fully
To move Model S, your phone must be paired via in or out of a garage before HomeLink lowers
Bluetooth (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 135). the garage door. Summon and Smart Summon
(if equipped) cannot detect where an overhead
Summon requires that Model S can detect a valid key door will lower.
nearby. NOTE: When enabled, the HomeLink device
automatically opens and closes when using Summon,
CAUTION: Ensure all cameras and sensors are and automatically opens as needed when using
clean. Dirty cameras and sensors, as well as Smart Summon (if equipped). To automate HomeLink
environmental conditions such as rain and faded in other situations (such as normal driving), you must
lane markings, can affect Autopilot performance. adjust the HomeLink device's main settings by
WARNING: Summon is designed and intended for touching the HomeLink icon at the top of the
use only on parking lots and driveways on private touchscreen (see HomeLink Universal Transceiver on
property where the surrounding area is familiar page 146).
and predictable.
WARNING: Summon is a BETA feature. You must NOTE: The above settings, with the exception of
continually monitor the vehicle and its HomeLink, apply only to Summon—not Smart Summon
surroundings and stay prepared to take immediate (if equipped) (see Before Using Smart Summon on page
action at any time. It is the driver's responsibility to 101). You cannot customize Smart Summon's bumper
use Summon safely, responsibly, and as intended. clearance, distance, and side clearance. And when using
Smart Summon, you must always hold down the button
WARNING: Summon's performance depends on
on the mobile app to keep Model S moving. Also, Smart
the ability of the ultrasonic sensors to determine
Summon operates with the mobile app only—not the key
the vehicle's proximity to objects, people, animals,
fob.
and other vehicles.
NOTE: All settings are retained until you manually
change them.
Before Using Summon
Before operating Summon, use the touchscreen to Using Summon to Park and Retrieve
enable it and customize how you want it to work. Touch your Vehicle
Controls > Autopilot > Customize Summon and adjust
the following settings to suit your preferences:
Follow these steps to use Summon to park your Model S:
• Bumper Clearance: Set the distance that you want
• Align Model S within 12 meters of the parking space
Summon to stop from a detected object (for
so Model S can follow a straight path into or out of
example, you may want Summon to stop within just a
the space in either Drive or Reverse.
few inches of a garage wall). Note that this distance
applies only to objects that Summon detects directly • Ensure Model S key fob is in close range.
in front of Model S when moving forward, or directly • Pair your phone with Model S via Bluetooth (see
behind Model S when reversing. Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 135). After you
• Summon Distance: Set a maximum distance that pair once, your phone automatically connects to
Model S can travel when entering or exiting a parking Model S every time. Your phone must be within
space. approximately six meters of the vehicle for Summon
to work.
• Side Clearance: Choose an option to specify how
much side clearance you want to allow. Tight allows
Model S to enter and exit very narrow parking spaces.
Autopilot 99
Summon
• From outside the vehicle, initiate the parking • You interact with the steering wheel, brake pedal,
maneuver by touching Summon on the mobile app, accelerator pedal, or shift.
then holding down the Forward or Reverse button.
• Model S detects an obstacle.
Summon shifts Model S into Drive or Reverse (based on • Summon has moved Model S the maximum distance
the direction you specified) and drives into or out of the of approximately 12 meters.
parking space. When parking is complete, or if an • Your phone enters sleep mode or loses connectivity
obstacle is detected, Summon shifts Model S into Park. to Model S.
Summon shifts Model S into Park when:
• Model S detects an obstacle in its driving path (within Limitations

the Bumper Clearance setting that you specified).
Summon is unlikely to operate as intended in the
• Summon has moved Model S the maximum distance
following types of situations:
of 12 meters.
• You release the Forward or Reverse button. • The driving path is sloped. Summon is designed to
• You press any button to manually stop Summon. operate on flat roads only (up to 10% grade).
• A raised concrete edge is detected. Summon does
If you used Summon to park Model S, you can then use not move Model S over an edge that is higher than
Summon to return Model S back to its original position approximately 2.5 cm.
(provided Model S has remained in Park), or to the
maximum Summon Distance that you have specified
(whichever comes first). Simply specify the opposite
direction on the mobile app and Summon moves
Model S along the original path, provided no
coating, etc.).
obstructions have been introduced. If an obstacle is
detected, Model S attempts to avoid the obstacle while • Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, fog, or
staying very close to its original path (Summon does not extremely hot or cold temperatures) are interfering
steer around obstacles). with sensor operation.
NOTE: To use Summon to move Model S multiple times
in the same direction (not to exceed the maximum of 12
meters, cancel Summon and then restart the parking
process using the same direction. NOTE: Summon is disabled if Model S is in Valet mode
(see Valet Mode on page 38).
NOTE: Although Summon can move Model S a short
distance laterally to avoid an obstacle, it does not WARNING: The list above does not represent an
attempt to steer around an obstacle to return Model S to exhaustive list of situations that may interfere with
its original driving path. Only Smart Summon (if proper operation of Summon. It is the driver's
equipped) can steer Model S around objects. responsibility to remain in control of Model S at all
times. Pay close attention whenever Summon is
NOTE: Summon requires that Model S can detect a valid actively moving Model S and stay prepared to take
key nearby. immediate action. Failure to do so can result in
WARNING: Model S cannot detect obstacles that serious property damage, injury or death.
are located lower than the bumper, are very
narrow, or are hanging from a ceiling (for example,
bicycles). In addition, many unforeseen
circumstances can impair Summon's ability to
move in or out of a parking space and, as a result,
Summon may not move Model S appropriately.
Therefore, you must continually monitor the
vehicle's movement and its surroundings and
remain prepared to stop Model S at any time.
Stopping or Canceling Summon
Stop Model S at any time while Summon is active by

using the mobile app or by pressing any button on the
key fob. Summon also cancels when:
• A door handle is engaged or a door is opened.

Smart Summon
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle • Your phone must be paired to Model S over
configuration, options purchased, and software version, Bluetooth (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page
your vehicle may not be equipped with Smart Summon, 135) and located within approximately 6 meters.
or the feature may not operate exactly as described.
• The vehicle's cameras must be fully calibrated (see
Smart Summon is designed to allow you to move Drive to Calibrate Cameras on page 75).
Model S to your location (using your phone's GPS as a • You must have a clear line of sight to Model S.
target destination) or to a location of your choice,
maneuvering around and stopping for objects as • Model S must be in Park, not charging, and all doors
necessary. Smart Summon works with the Tesla mobile and trunks must be closed.
app when your phone is located within approximately 6
meters of Model S. Smart Summon maneuvers Model S
out of parking spaces and around corners. This is useful
Using Smart Summon
for moving Model S out of a tight parking spot, through
puddles, or helping you retrieve your car while carrying 1. Open the Tesla mobile app, and press Summon.
packages. You must maintain a clear line of sight 2. Press the Smart Summon icon located in the center
between you and Model S and closely monitor the of the image of your Model S. It may take several
vehicle and its surroundings at all times. seconds for Smart Summon to start up.
CAUTION: Ensure all cameras and sensors are NOTE: You can use Standby Mode to eliminate the
clean. Dirty cameras and sensors, as well as delay that occurs when Smart Summon is starting up
environmental conditions such as rain and faded (see Standby Mode on page 102).
lane markings, can affect Autopilot performance.
The mobile app displays a map with a blue circle,
WARNING: Smart Summon is designed and which represents the maximum proximity of 6 meters
intended for use only on parking lots and that you must maintain between your phone and
driveways located on private property where the Model S. The blue dot on the map represents your
surrounding area is familiar and predictable. Do location, and the red arrow represents the location of
not use Smart Summon on public roads. Model S.
WARNING: Smart Summon must only be used on
paved surfaces. 3. Position yourself anywhere within the blue circle
WARNING: Smart Summon is a BETA feature. You where you have a clear line of sight to Model S.
must continually monitor the vehicle and its 4. You can now operate Smart Summon using either of
surroundings and stay prepared to take immediate these modes:
action at any time. It is the driver's responsibility to ◦ Come to Me mode: Press and hold the Come to
use Smart Summon safely, responsibly, and as Me button. Model S moves to your GPS location.
intended. As you move, Model S follows you. When Model S
WARNING: Smart Summon may not stop for all reaches you, it stops and shifts into park.
objects (especially very low objects such as some ◦ Go to Target mode: Touch the crosshair icon then
curbs, or very high objects such as a shelf) and drag the map to position the pin on a chosen
may not react to all traffic. Smart Summon does destination. Press and hold the Go to Target
not recognize the direction of traffic, does not button. Model S moves to the destination. When
navigate around empty parking spaces, and may reaching the location, Model S stops and shifts
not anticipate crossing traffic. into Park and the mobile app displays a message
WARNING: Smart Summon's performance indicating that Summon has completed.
depends on the ultrasonic sensors , the visibility of NOTE: To subsequently change the location, lift
the cameras, and the availability of an adequate your finger, reposition the map, then press and
cellular signal and GPS data. hold Go to Target again.
WARNING: When using Smart Summon, you must
maintain a clear line of sight between you and To stop Model S at any time, simply release the Come
Model S and stay prepared to stop the vehicle at to Me or Go to Target button.
any time by releasing the button on the mobile
app. The map's crosshair icon toggles between
Go to Target and Come to Me modes.
Before Using Smart Summon When Come to Me mode is selected, the
icon is blue.
• Download the latest version of the Tesla mobile app NOTE: The map also has an icon that
to your phone, and ensure your phone has cellular allows you to display/hide satellite imagery.
service and GPS enabled.
Autopilot 101
Smart Summon
Immediately after initiating Smart Summon in either
mode, hazard lights briefly flash, mirrors fold, and
Standby Mode
Model S shifts into Drive or Reverse. Model S then slowly
moves to within 1 meter of you (COME TO ME) or your To keep Model S ready to Summon and reduce the time
chosen destination (GO TO TARGET), navigating it takes to warm up, turn on Standby Mode. Touch
obstacles as needed. As Model S moves, the Controls > Autopilot > Standby Mode. When Standby
corresponding red arrow on the map also moves to Mode is turned on, you can conserve Battery energy by
show the vehicle’s location. As you move, the disabling Standby Mode at these locations:
corresponding blue dot also moves to show your
location. • Exclude Home - Disables Standby Mode at the
location you set as Home in your Favorites list.
In either mode, Model S stops moving and shifts into • Exclude Work - Disables Standby Mode at the
park when: location you set as Work in your Favorites list.
• You release the button on the mobile app. • Exclude Favorites - Disables Standby Mode at any
location in your Favorites list.
• The maximum proximity of 6 meters between your
phone and Model S is exceeded (if moving Model S to NOTE: To conserve energy, Smart Summon
a destination away from you, you may need to follow automatically exits Standby mode from midnight to
the car to maintain this distance). 6:00 am. During these hours, a delay occurs as Smart
• The driving path is blocked. Summon starts up.
• Model S has moved the maximum distance of 20 NOTE: Additional battery power may be consumed
meters since the start of the Smart Summon session. while Standby Mode is active.
NOTE: If Smart Summon moves Model S forward NOTE: For details on how to designate a location as
three meters and then backwards two meters, this is Home, Work, or Favorites, see Home, Work, and Favorite
considered five meters of travel. Destinations on page 125.
NOTE: There is no need to look at the mobile app—just Stopping or Canceling Smart
hold down the button while keeping your eye on Summon
Model S and its driving path at all times, remaining ready
to release the button to stop the vehicle if needed.
Smart Summon stops Model S whenever you release the
button on the mobile app. To resume the Smart
If equipped and Auto HomeLink is enabled for Summon
Summon session, simply press the Come to Me or Go to
(touch Controls > Autopilot > Customize Summon > Use
Target button again.
Auto HomeLink), Smart Summon automatically opens a
HomeLink device if you start the Smart Summon
WARNING: Always anticipate when you need to
maneuver when Model S is located inside a garage. The
stop Model S. Depending on the quality of the
mobile app informs you that the door has opened.
connectivity between the phone and Model S,
there may be a slight delay between when you
WARNING: When you release the button to stop
release the button and when the car stops.
Model S, a slight delay occurs before the vehicle
stops. Therefore, it is critical that you pay close
Smart Summon cancels, and requires you to restart it,
attention to the vehicle’s driving path at all times
when:
and proactively anticipate obstacles that the
vehicle may be unable to detect.
• You press any button on the key fob.
WARNING: Use extreme caution when using Smart
Summon in environments where movement of • A door handle is engaged or a door is opened.
obstacles can be unpredictable. For example, • You interact with the steering wheel, brake pedal,
where people, children or animals are present. accelerator pedal, or shift.
WARNING: Smart Summon may not stop for all • Model S is blocked by an obstacle.
objects (especially very low objects such as some
• Smart Summon has moved Model S the maximum
curbs, or very high objects such as a shelf) and
distance of approximately 20 meters within a 6 meter
may not react to all oncoming or side traffic. Pay
radius of the phone's location. To move further than
attention and be ready to stop Model S at all times
this distance, you must shift Model S into Drive or
by releasing the button on the mobile app.
Reverse and then re-initiate a Smart Summon session.
• Your phone enters sleep mode or loses connectivity
to Model S.

Smart Summon
Limitations
Smart Summon is unlikely to operate as intended in the
following types of situations:
• GPS data is unavailable due to poor cellular coverage.

• The driving path is sloped. Smart Summon is
designed to operate on flat roads only (up to 10%
grade).
• A raised concrete edge is detected. Depending on
the height of the concrete edge, Smart Summon may
not move Model S over it.
coating, etc.).
with sensor or camera operation.
NOTE: Smart Summon is disabled if Model S is in Valet

mode (see Valet Mode on page 38).
proper operation of Smart Summon. It is the
driver's responsibility to remain in control of
Model S at all times. Pay close attention whenever
Smart Summon is actively moving Model S and
stay prepared to take immediate action. Failure to
do so can result in serious property damage, injury
or death.
Autopilot 103
Lane Assist
Model S monitors the markers on the lane you are
driving in as well as the surrounding areas for the
Steering Interventions
presence of vehicles or other objects.
Lane Assist provides steering interventions if Model S
When an object is detected in your blind spot or near drifts into (or close to) an adjacent lane in which an
the side of Model S (such as a vehicle, guard rail, etc.), object, such as a vehicle, is detected. In these situations,
the instrument panel displays colored lines radiating Model S automatically steers to a safer position in the
from the image of your vehicle. The location of the lines driving lane. This steering is applied only when Model S
correspond to the location of the detected object. The is traveling between 48 and 140 km/h on major roads
color of the lines (white, yellow, orange, or red) with clearly visible lane markings. When a steering
represent the object's proximity to Model S, with white intervention is applied, the instrument panel briefly
being the farthest and red being the closest and displays a warning message.
requiring your immediate attention. These colored lines
only display when driving between approximately 12 Lane Departure Avoidance
km/h and 140 km/h. When Autosteer is active, these
colored lines also display if driving slower than 12 km/h. Lane Departure Avoidance is designed to warn you if
However, the colored lines do not display if Model S is at Model S is drifting out of, or nears the edge of, your
a standstill (for example, in heavy traffic). driving lane.
Lane Departure Avoidance operates when driving

between 64 and 145 km/h on roads with clearly visible
lane markings. You can choose if and how you want
Lane Departure Warning to operate by touching
Controls > Autopilot > Lane Departure Avoidance and
selecting between these options:
• Off: You are not warned of lane departures or

potential collisions with a vehicle in an adjacent lane.
• Warning: If a front wheel passes over a lane marking,
the steering wheel vibrates.
• Assist: Corrective steering is applied to keep Model S
in a safe position if Model S drifts into an adjacent
lane or near the edge of the road.
When Lane Departure Avoidance is enabled and Traffic-

Aware Cruise Control is active, if Model S drifts out of
the driving lane when the associated turn signal is off,
CAUTION: Ensure all cameras and sensors are Lane Assist also checks to see whether your hands are
clean. Dirty cameras and sensors, as well as on the steering wheel. If hands are not detected, the
environmental conditions such as rain and faded instrument panel displays a series of alerts, similar to
lane markings, can affect Autopilot performance. those that are used when driving with Autosteer. If
WARNING: Lane Assist features are for guidance hands are repeatedly not detected Model S gradually
purposes only and is not intended to replace your slows down to 25 km/h below the detected speed limit,
own direct visual checks. Before changing lanes, or below the set cruising speed, and the hazard lights
always use side mirrors and perform the start flashing.
appropriate shoulder checks to visually determine
if it is safe and appropriate to change lanes. NOTE: Lane Departure Avoidance does not warn you of
lane departures, or provide steering interventions, if the
WARNING: Never depend on Lane Assist to inform associated turn signal is on, which indicates an
you if you unintentionally drive outside of the intentional lane change.
driving lane, or to inform you that there is a vehicle
beside you or in your blind spot. Several external WARNING: Lane Departure Avoidance is intended
factors can reduce the performance of Lane Assist to help keep you safe, but it does not work in
(see Limitations and Inaccuracies on page 105). It every situation and does not replace the need to
is the driver's responsibility to stay alert and pay remain attentive and in control.
attention to the driving lane and other road users. WARNING: Keep your hands on the steering wheel
Failure to do so can result in serious injury or and drive attentively at all times.
death.
WARNING: Steering interventions are minimal and
are not designed to move Model S out of its
driving lane. Do not rely on steering interventions
to avoid side collisions.

Lane Assist
Emergency Lane Departure WARNING: Blind Spot Collision Warning Chime
cannot detect every collision. It is the driver's
Avoidance responsibility to remain alert and perform the
appropriate shoulder checks when changing lanes.
Emergency Lane Departure Avoidance automatically
applies steering to avoid a potential collision in Limitations and Inaccuracies
situations where:
Lane Assist features cannot always detect lane markings
• Model S is departing a lane and may collide with a and you may experience unnecessary or invalid warnings
vehicle traveling in the same direction in the adjacent in these situations:
lane (regardless of the status of the turn signal).
• Model S is departing a lane into an oncoming lane, • Visibility is poor and lane markings are not clearly
the turn signal is off, and an oncoming vehicle is visible (due to heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.). The exact
detected. detection zone of the ultrasonic sensors varies
• Model S is departing the road and the turn signal is depending on environmental conditions.
off (for example, very close to the edge of the road • Bright light (such as from oncoming headlights or
and a collision may occur). direct sunlight) is interfering with the view of the
camera(s).
Emergency Lane Departure Avoidance is automatically • A vehicle in front of Model S is blocking the view of
enabled at the beginning of every drive. You can turn it the camera(s).
off for the current drive only by touching Controls >
Autopilot > Emergency Lane Departure Avoidance. • The windshield is obstructing the view of the
camera(s) (fogged over, dirty, covered by a sticker,
When Emergency Lane Departure Avoidance applies etc.).
steering, a chime sounds and the instrument panel • Lane markings are excessively worn, have visible
displays a warning and highlights the lane marking in previous markings, have been adjusted due to road
red. construction, or are changing quickly (for example,
lanes branching off, crossing over, or merging).
Emergency Lane Departure Avoidance operates when
Model S is traveling between 64 and 145 km/h on a road • The road is narrow or winding.
with clearly visible lane markings, curbs, etc. • Objects or landscape features are casting strong
shadows on lane markers.
WARNING: Emergency Lane Departure Avoidance
is not a substitute for attentive driving and sound
Lane Assist may not provide warnings, or may apply
judgment. Keep your eyes on the road when
inappropriate warnings, in these situations:
driving and never depend on Emergency Lane
Departure Avoidance to prevent a collision. Several
factors can reduce or impair performance. • One or more of the ultrasonic sensors or cameras is
Depending on Emergency Lane Departure damaged, dirty, or obstructed (by mud, ice, or snow,
Avoidance to prevent a potential collision can or by a vehicle bra, excessive paint, or adhesive
result in serious injury or death. products such as wraps, stickers, rubber coatings,
etc.).
Blind Spot Camera and Collision • Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, fog, or
Warning Chime with sensor operation.
To display the image from the corresponding side equipment or devices that generate ultrasonic waves.
repeater camera whenever you engage a turn signal to
change lanes, touch Controls > Autopilot > Blind Spot • An object that is mounted to Model S is interfering
Camera. with and/or obstructing a sensor (such as a bike rack
or a bumper sticker).
If you want a chime to sound when a vehicle is in your
blind spot and a possible collision is detected, touch In addition, Lane Assist may not steer Model S away
Controls > Autopilot > Blind Spot Collision Warning from an adjacent vehicle, or may apply unnecessary or
Chime. inappropriate steering, in these situations:
WARNING: Blind Spot Camera does not eliminate • You are driving Model S on sharp corners or on a
the need to drive attentively and manually perform curve at a relatively high speed.
shoulder checks when changing lanes.
camera(s).
Active Safety Features 105

Lane Assist
• You are drifting into another lane but an object (such
as a vehicle) is not present.
• A vehicle in another lane cuts in front of you or drifts
into your driving lane.
• Model S is not traveling within the speeds at which
the Lane Assist feature is designed to operate.
• One or more of the ultrasonic sensors is damaged,
dirty, or obstructed (such as by mud, ice, or snow, or
by a vehicle bra, excessive paint, or adhesive
products such as wraps, stickers, rubber coating,
etc.).
• An object mounted to Model S (such as a bike rack or
a bumper sticker) is interfering with or obstructing a
sensor.
• Visibility is poor and lane markings are not clearly
visible (due to heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.).
• Lane markings are excessively worn, have visible
previous markings, have been adjusted due to road
construction or are changing quickly (for example,
lanes branching off, crossing over, or merging).
WARNING: The lists above do not represent every

possible situation that may interfere with Lane
Assist features. There are many reasons why Lane
Assist may not operate as intended. To avoid a
collision, stay alert and always pay attention to the
road so you can anticipate the need to take
corrective action as early as possible.

Collision Avoidance Assist
If your Model S is equipped with Autopilot components
(see About Autopilot on page 74), the following collision
avoidance features are designed to increase the safety
of you and your passengers:
The following collision avoidance features are designed

to increase the safety of you and your passengers:
• Forward Collision Warning - provides visual and

audible warnings in situations when Model S detects
that there is a high risk of a frontal collision (see
Forward Collision Warning on page 107).
• Automatic Emergency Braking - automatically
applies braking to reduce the impact of a frontal
collision (see Automatic Emergency Braking on page
Warnings cancel automatically when the risk of a
108).
collision has been reduced (for example, you have
• Obstacle-Aware Acceleration - reduces acceleration decelerated or stopped Model S, or the object in front of
if Model S detects an object in its immediate driving your vehicle has moved out of your driving path).
path (see Obstacle-Aware Acceleration on page
108). If immediate action is not taken when Model S issues a
Forward Collision Warning, Automatic Emergency
CAUTION: Ensure all cameras and sensors are Braking (if enabled) may automatically apply the brakes
clean. Dirty cameras and sensors, as well as if a collision is considered imminent (see Automatic
environmental conditions such as rain and faded Emergency Braking on page 108).
lane markings, can affect performance.
By default, Forward Collision Warning is turned on. To
WARNING: Forward Collision Warning is for turn it off or adjust its sensitivity, touch Controls >
guidance purposes only and is not a substitute for Autopilot > Forward Collision Warning. Instead of the
attentive driving and sound judgment. Keep your default warning level of Medium, you can turn the
eyes on the road when driving and never depend warning Off, or you can choose to be warned Late or
on Forward Collision Warning to warn you of a Early.
potential collision. Several factors can reduce or
impair performance, causing either unnecessary, NOTE: Your chosen setting for Forward Collision
invalid, inaccurate, or missed warnings. Depending Warning is retained until you manually change it.
on Forward Collision Warning to warn you of a
potential collision can result in serious injury or WARNING: The camera(s) and sensors associated
death. with Forward Collision Warning are designed to
monitor an approximate area of up to 160 meters
WARNING: Automatic Emergency Braking is not in your driving path. The area being monitored by
designed to prevent all collisions. In certain Forward Collision Warning can be adversely
situations, it can minimize the impact of a frontal affected by road and weather conditions. Use
collision by attempting to reduce your driving appropriate caution when driving.
speed. Depending on Automatic Emergency
Braking to avoid a collision can result in serious WARNING: Forward Collision Warning is designed
injury or death. only to provide visual and audible alerts. It does
not attempt to apply the brakes or decelerate
WARNING: Obstacle-Aware Acceleration is not Model S. When seeing and/or hearing a warning, it
designed to prevent a collision. In certain is the driver's responsibility to take immediate
situations, it can minimize the impact of a collision. corrective action.
Depending on Obstacle-Aware Acceleration to
avoid a collision can result in serious injury or WARNING: Forward Collision Warning may
death. provide a warning in situations where the
likelihood of collision may not exist. Stay alert and
always pay attention to the area in front of
Forward Collision Warning Model S so you can anticipate whether any action
is required.
Model S monitors the area in front of it for the presence
of an object such as a vehicle, motorcycle, bicycle, or Forward Collision Warning operates only when driving
pedestrian. If a collision is considered likely unless you between approximately 5 km/h and 150 km/h.
take immediate corrective action, Forward Collision
Warning is designed to sound a chime and highlight the WARNING: Forward Collision Warning does not
vehicle in front of you in red on the instrument panel. If provide a warning when the driver is already
this happens, TAKE IMMEDIATE CORRECTIVE ACTION! applying the brake.

Automatic Emergency Braking WARNING: Automatic Emergency Braking is
designed to reduce the impact of frontal collisions
only and does not function when Model S is in
Model S is designed to determine the distance from a Reverse.
detected object traveling in front of it. When a frontal
collision is considered unavoidable, Automatic WARNING: Automatic Emergency Braking is not a
Emergency Braking is designed to apply the brakes to substitute for maintaining a safe traveling distance
reduce the vehicle's speed and therefore, the severity of between you and the vehicle in front of you.
the impact. The amount of speed that is reduced WARNING: The brake pedal moves downward
depends on many factors, including driving speed and abruptly during automatic braking events. Always
environment. ensure that the brake pedal can move freely. Do
not place material under or on top of the driver’s
When Automatic Emergency Braking applies the brakes, floor mat (including an additional mat) and always
the instrument panel displays a visual warning and ensure that the driver’s floor mat is properly
sounds a chime. You may also notice abrupt downward secured. Failure to do so can impede the ability of
movement of the brake pedal. The brake lights turn on the brake pedal to move freely.
to alert other road users that you are slowing down.
Emergency braking in progress Obstacle-Aware Acceleration

Obstacle-Aware Acceleration is designed to reduce the
impact of a collision by reducing motor torque and in
some cases applying the brakes, if Model S detects an
object in its driving path. The instrument panel displays
a visual warning and sounds a chime when the brakes
Automatic Emergency Braking operates only when
are automatically applied. For example, Model S, while
driving between approximately 5 km/h and 150 km/h.
parked in front of a closed garage door with Drive
engaged, detects that you have pressed hard on the
Automatic Emergency Braking does not apply the
accelerator pedal. Although Model S still accelerates and
brakes, or stops applying the brakes, when:
hits the garage door, the reduced torque may result in
less damage.
• You turn the steering wheel sharply.
• You press and release the brake pedal while Obstacle-Aware Acceleration is designed to operate
Automatic Emergency Braking is applying the brakes. only when all of these conditions are simultaneously
met:
• You accelerate hard while Automatic Emergency
Braking is applying the brakes.
• Drive or Reverse is engaged.
• The vehicle, motorcycle, bicycle, or pedestrian is no
• Model S is stopped or traveling less than 10 mph (16
longer detected ahead.
km/h).
Automatic Emergency Braking is always enabled when • Model S detects an object in its immediate driving
you start Model S. To disable it for your current drive, path.
touch Controls > Autopilot > Automatic Emergency
Braking. To disable Obstacle-Aware Acceleration, touch Controls
> Autopilot > Obstacle-Aware Acceleration.
WARNING: It is strongly recommended that you
do not disable Automatic Emergency Braking. If WARNING: Obstacle-Aware Acceleration is
you disable it, Model S does not automatically designed to reduce the severity of an impact. It is
apply the brakes in situations where a collision is not designed to avoid a collision.
considered likely.
WARNING: Obstacle-Aware Acceleration may not
WARNING: Automatic Emergency Braking is limit torque in all situations. Several factors,
designed to reduce the severity of an impact. It is including environmental conditions, distance from
not designed to avoid a collision. an obstacle, and a driver's actions, can limit, delay,
or inhibit Obstacle-Aware Acceleration.
WARNING: Several factors can affect the
performance of Automatic Emergency Braking, WARNING: Obstacle-Aware Acceleration may not
causing either no braking or inappropriate or limit torque when performing a sharp turn, such as
untimely braking, such as when a vehicle is into a parking space.
partially in the path of travel or there is road
WARNING: Do not rely on Obstacle-Aware
debris. It is the driver’s responsibility to drive
Acceleration to control acceleration or to avoid, or
safely and remain in control of the vehicle at all
limit, the severity of a collision, and do not attempt
times. Never depend on Automatic Emergency
to test Obstacle-Aware Acceleration. Doing so can
Braking to avoid or reduce the impact of a
result in serious property damage, injury, or death.
collision.

WARNING: Several factors can affect the
performance of Obstacle-Aware Acceleration,
causing an inappropriate or untimely reduction in
motor torque and/or undesired braking. It is the
driver's responsibility to drive safely and remain in
control of Model S at all times.
Limitations and Inaccuracies

Collision Avoidance features cannot always detect all
objects, vehicles, bikes, or pedestrians, and you may
experience unnecessary, inaccurate, invalid, or missed
warnings for many reasons, particularly if:
• The road has sharp curves.

camera(s).
• A camera or sensor is obstructed (dirty, covered,
fogged over, covered by a sticker, etc.).
• One or more of the ultrasonic sensors is damaged,
dirty, or obstructed (such as by mud, ice, or snow, or
by a vehicle bra, excessive paint, or adhesive
products such as wraps, stickers, rubber coating,
etc.).
WARNING: The limitations previously described do

not represent an exhaustive list of situations that
may interfere with proper operation of Collision
Avoidance Assist features. These features may fail
to provide their intended function for many other
reasons. It is the driver’s responsibility to avoid
collisions by staying alert, paying attention, and
taking corrective action as early as possible.
CAUTION: If a fault occurs with a Collision
Avoidance Assist feature, Model S displays an alert.
Contact Tesla Service.

Speed Assist
How Speed Assist Works WARNING: Do not rely on Speed Assist to
determine the appropriate speed limit or driving
speed. Always drive at a safe speed based on
Model S displays a speed limit on the instrument panel traffic and road conditions.
and you can choose if and how you are warned when
you exceed the speed limit. Also, instead of using the
detected speed limit, you can base warnings on an Controlling Speed Assist
arbitrary speed limit that you enter manually.
To adjust the Speed Limit Warning setting, touch
Controls > Autopilot > Speed Limit Warning, then
choose one of these options:
• Off - Speed limit warnings do not display and chimes

are not sounded.
• Display - Speed limit signs display on the instrument
panel and the sign increases in size when you exceed
the determined limit.
• Chime - In addition to the visual display, a chime is
sounded when you exceed the determined speed
limit.
You can also specify how the speed limit is determined:
• Relative - You can set a speed limit offset (+ or -) if

you want to be alerted only when you exceed the
offset speed limit by a specified amount. For
example, you can increase the offset to +10 km/h if
you only want to be warned when you exceed the
speed limit by 10 km/h.
NOTE: The offset from speed limit also affects the
number shown in the gray speed icon on the
instrument panel.
• Absolute - Manually specify any speed limit between

30 and 240 km/h.
NOTE: Speed Assist is not always accurate. In some

situations, the location of a road can be miscalculated
and Speed Assist can display a speed for a directly
adjacent road that may have a different speed limit. For
example, Speed Assist can assume Model S is on a
controlled-access highway when it is actually on a
NOTE: On roads where the map data determines that a nearby surface street, and vice versa.
conditional speed limit exists (for example, a speed limit
NOTE: Your chosen setting is retained until you manually
based on time of day or weather conditions), a second
change it.
speed limit displays below the first speed limit. It is the
driver's responsibility to determine whether the
conditional speed limit is currently in effect and adjust Limitations and Inaccuracies
the driving speed accordingly. You may need to update
the onboard maps to display conditional speed limits Speed Assist may not be fully functional or may provide
(Map Updates on page 128). inaccurate information in these situations:
In situations where Model S is unable to determine a
• Visibility is poor and speed limit signs are not clearly
speed limit, or if Speed Assist is uncertain that an
visible (due to heavy rain, snow, fog, etc.).
acquired speed limit is accurate, the instrument panel
may not display a speed limit sign and warnings do not • Bright light (such as from oncoming headlights or
take effect. direct sunlight) is interfering with the view of the
camera(s).
NOTE: Speed limit warnings go away after ten seconds,
• Model S is being driven very close to a vehicle in front
or when Model S slows down below the specified limit.
of it which is blocking the view of the camera(s).

Speed Assist
• The windshield is obstructing the view of the
camera(s) (fogged over, dirty, covered by a sticker,
etc.).
• Speed limit signs are concealed by objects.
• The speed limits stored in the map database are
incorrect or outdated.
• Model S is being driven in an area where GPS or map
data is not available or where speed limit signs can
not be detected.
• Traffic signs do not conform to standard recognizable
formats.
• A road or a speed limit has recently changed.

proper operation of Speed Assist. Speed Assist
may fail to provide warnings for many other
reasons.

Controls
Controls - Overview Steering Mode: Adjust the amount of effort required to
turn the steering wheel (see Adjusting Steering Effort on
page 39).
Touch Controls on the bottom corner of
the touchscreen to control features and Regenerative Braking: When you release the accelerator
customize Model S to suit your when driving, regenerative braking slows Model S and
preferences. The Controls screen appears feeds any surplus energy back to the Battery. If set to
over the map. Touch an option on the LOW, Model S does not slow down as quickly, but also
Controls screen to display the various feeds less energy back to the Battery (see Regenerative
settings and options associated with the Braking on page 58).
chosen option. Swipe to close.
NOTE: Regardless of the setting selected, the energy
When an information icon displays beside gained by regenerative braking is reduced if the Battery
a specific setting, touch it to display a is full, or is extremely cold or hot (in which case, surplus
popup that provides helpful details about energy is used to heat or cool it).
the associated setting. NOTE: The regenerative braking setting is not available
on all vehicles.
NOTE: Many vehicle controls, settings, and preferences Stopping Mode: Choose how you want Model S to
(such as climate, media, and navigation) can be adjusted behave once regenerative braking has reduced the
hands-free using voice commands (see Voice driving speed to a very low speed, a drive mode is still
Commands on page 140). engaged, and both the accelerator and brake pedals are
released. You can adjust this setting only when Model S
is in Park.
Slip Start: Turn on to allow wheels to spin (see Traction

Control on page 60).
Range Mode (if equipped): If on, Model S conserves

energy by automatically limiting the amount of power
that the climate control system uses to maintain the
temperature of the cabin area and limits the amount of
energy being used to heat or cool the Battery. In
addition, Range Mode turns off signature lights (only in
market regions where daytime running lights are not
required).
Suspension
Adjust the settings associated with the air suspension
system. You can adjust the Ride Height (helpful for
increasing ground clearance on steep driveways, etc.)
and you can optimize ride and handling by adjusting
settings for Adaptive Suspension Damping. See Air
Suspension on page 138.
Charging
1. List of available settings. When you select an item View charging status and adjust settings related to
from this list, its associated settings display on the charging Model S (see Charging Instructions on page
right side of the screen. 157).
2. Settings area. The options available for the chosen

settings display here, and are described next. Autopilot
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle
Pedals & Steering configuration, options purchased, and software version,
your vehicle may not be equipped with all Autopilot
Acceleration: Adjust the amount of acceleration. (See features described below.
Acceleration Modes on page 64).
Customize how some of the Autopilot features operate
to provide a safer and more convenient driving
experience. See About Autopilot on page 74 for an
overview of Autopilot components and features.

Controls
• Autosteer (Beta): Turn on the feature that provides • Blind Spot Collision Warning Chime: Choose if you
automatic steering in addition to Traffic-Aware Cruise want a chime to sound when a vehicle is in your blind
Control (see Autosteer on page 83). spot and a possible collision is detected (see Blind
Spot Camera and Collision Warning Chime on page
• Navigate on Autopilot (Beta): Navigate on Autopilot
105).
automatically exits at off-ramps and interchanges
based on your navigation route and can also make • Speed Limit Warning: Choose the type of warnings, if
lane changes designed to prepare for exits and any, you receive if driving speed exceeds the
minimize the driving time to your destination detected speed limit (see Speed Assist on page 110).
(available only if your vehicle is equipped with the
• Speed Limit: Choose if you want Speed Limit
Full Self-Driving option). Touch Customize Navigate
Warning to use a relative or an absolute speed limit
on Autopilot to specify how you want Navigate on
(see Speed Assist on page 110). If you choose a
Autopilot to operate, such as whether you want it to
relative speed limit, you can specify an Offset to be
automatically enable at the start of every trip, how
alerted only when you exceed the speed limit by the
you want it to perform lane changes, etc. (see
specified offset amount.
Navigate on Autopilot on page 88).
• Lane Departure Avoidance: Choose if and how you
NOTE: Navigate on Autopilot is not available in all
want the steering wheel to respond if a front wheel
market regions.
passes over a lane marking when the associated turn
signal is off (see Lane Assist on page 104).
• Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control (Beta): Turn on if
you want Model S to automatically stop at traffic • Forward Collision Warning: Choose if and when
lights and stop signs when using Traffic-Aware Cruise Model S displays visual and audible warnings in
Control or Autosteer (see Traffic Light and Stop Sign situations when there is a high risk of a frontal
Control on page 90) (available only if your vehicle is collision (see Collision Avoidance Assist on page 107).
equipped with the Full Self-Driving option).
• Emergency Lane Departure Avoidance (if equipped):
• Full Self-Driving Visualization Preview (if equipped): When enabled, Model S attempts to prevent a
Display more details about the roadway and its potential collision with an object in an adjacent lane
surroundings, such as road markings, stop lights, by steering the vehicle back into your driving lane in
objects (such as trash cans and poles), etc. emergency situations (see Emergency Lane
Departure Avoidance on page 105).
• Summon (Beta): Automatically park and retrieve
Model S from outside the vehicle (see Summon on • Automatic Emergency Braking: Choose if you want
page 99) (available only if your vehicle is equipped Model S to automatically apply braking when a
with the Full Self-Driving option). frontal collision is imminent (see Collision Avoidance
Assist on page 107).
Customize Summon: Determine the bumper
• Obstacle-Aware Acceleration: Choose if you want
clearance, distance, amount of side clearance, and
acceleration to be automatically reduced in situations
whether Summon requires continuous press to
where Model S is stopped (or moving slowly) and you
operate (the ability to disable continuous press is not
accelerate toward a detected obstacle (see Obstacle-
available in all market regions).
Aware Acceleration on page 108).
Standby Mode: Use Standby Mode to eliminate the • Traffic-Aware Cruise Control Chime: If on, a chime
delay that occurs when Smart Summon (if equipped) sounds when you engage or cancel Traffic-Aware
is starting up. Cruise Control.
• Green Traffic Light Chime: If on, a chime sounds
• Set Speed: When you engage Traffic-Aware Cruise when you are waiting at a red traffic light and the
Control or Autosteer, choose whether you want the light turns green.
initial cruising speed set to the Speed Limit or your
Current Speed (see Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on
page 77). Vehicle
• Offset: When set to cruise at the speed limit, you can
choose a Fixed offset, in which the speed is adjusted Keys: You can see all the keys used for Model S and their
by a specific number of km/h on all roads, or a associated driver profiles. You can add, delete, and
Percentage offset, in which the speed adjustment change the driver profile associated with each key (see
varies depending on the detected speed limit of the Driver Profiles on page 37).
road.
Window Lock: Locks the rear window switches.
• Blind Spot Camera: When ON, the touchscreen
displays the view from the corresponding side Child Lock: If on, safety locks prevent the rear doors
repeater camera whenever you engage a turn signal from being opened from inside the vehicle.
to change lanes. See Blind Spot Camera and Collision
Warning Chime on page 105.
Using the Touchscreen 113

Controls
Walk-Away Door Lock: If on, doors automatically lock
when you walk away from the vehicle carrying your key
Display
fob or phone key (see Walk-Away Door Lock on page
10). Customize characteristics of the touchscreen and
instrument panel:
Driver Door Unlock Mode: Driver Door Unlock Mode will
only unlock the driver's door when first unlocking the • Appearance: Customize the display to be Dark or
vehicle. Light. When set to Auto, the brightness changes
automatically based on ambient lighting conditions.
Unlock on Park: If on, doors automatically unlock when • Brightness: Drag the slider to manually control the
you engage Park . brightness level. If Display Mode is set to Auto, the
touchscreen further adjusts based on both the
Car Left Open Notification: Choose whether you want ambient lighting conditions and your brightness
Model S to send a notification to your Tesla mobile app preference. Model S remembers your chosen
if your car remains open for over approximately 10 brightness preference and adjusts the touchscreen
minutes after you have left: accordingly.
• Off: You are not notified if you leave Model S open.

Energy Saving: When toggled on, Model S reduces the
• Doors: You are notified only if a door or trunk is left amount of energy being consumed when not in use (for
open. newer vehicles, this is automated). See Getting
Maximum Range on page 68.
• Doors & Windows: In addition to being notified if a
door or trunk is left open, you are notified if Model S
Screen Clean Mode: When enabled, your touchscreen
is locked and a window is left open.
darkens and temporarily disables to facilitate cleaning.
Follow the onscreen instructions to exit Screen Clean
Touch Exclude Home to disable the notification when Mode.
Model S is parked at the location you set as Home in
your Favorites list (see Home, Work, and Favorite Touchscreen Language: Select the language that the
Destinations on page 125). touchscreen displays.
NOTE: To use the Car Left Open Notification, the mobile NOTE: Model S must be in Park to change the language.
access setting must be turned on (Controls > Safety > When you change the language, you experience a brief
Allow Mobile Access). delay as Model S shuts down and restarts the
NOTE: Notifications are not sent when Model S is in touchscreen.
Camp Mode or if Tesla Theater (if equipped) is active.
Voice Recognition Language: Choose the language to
Auto-Present Handles: If on, door handles automatically be used for voice commands.
extend as you approach Model S carrying a key fob or
phone key. If off, you must press the door handle to Voice Navigation Language: Choose the language that
extend the handle. the navigation system uses for spoken instructions.
NOTE: For languages that require a download, select the
Lock Confirmation Sound: If on, a soft horn sounds language in the dropdown list to initiate the download
whenever Model S locks or unlocks (see Walk-Away (Wi-Fi connection required).
Door Lock on page 10).
Time: Choose to display time in either 12 or 24 hour
Mirror Auto-Tilt: See Mirrors on page 42. format.
Mirror Auto-Fold: See Mirrors on page 42. Region Format (if available): Choose a region to define
the formatting convention used to display dates (mm dd
Lights yy/dd-mm-yy, etc.) and decimal separators (5.123, 5,123,
etc.).
Control interior and exterior lights. See Lights on page
Energy Display: Choose to display remaining energy and
47.
charging units as either a percentage of battery energy
remaining, or as an estimate of the distance you can
NOTE: You can also control the exterior headlights by
drive.
touching the high beam headlights button on the left
side of the steering wheel and then choosing an option NOTE: When anticipating when you need to charge, use
using the touchscreen. See High Beam Headlights on energy estimate as a general guideline only. Many
page 47. factors have an impact on energy consumption. See
Factors Affecting Energy Consumption on page 68.
Distance: Choose to display range using miles or

kilometers.

Controls
Temperature: Choose to display temperature using Power Off: Manually power off Model S (see Powering
Fahrenheit or Celsius. Off on page 44).
Tire Pressure: Choose to display tire pressures using Speed Limit Mode: Speed Limit Mode allows you to limit
BAR or PSI. acceleration and limit the maximum driving speed to a
chosen value between 80 and 145 km/h. The first time
you use this feature, you must create a 4-digit PIN that
Trips you must use to enable and disable Speed Limit Mode.
When enabled and the driving speed approaches within
View the odometer and view and reset up to two trip approximately 5 km/h of the maximum speed, a chime
meters that summarize how far you have driven (see Trip sounds, the instrument panel displays a message, and
Information on page 67). Model S sends a notification to the mobile app. To
enable Speed Limit Mode:
Navigation
1. Ensure Model S is in Park.
Customize how the navigation system works: 2. Touch Controls > Safety > Speed Limit Mode on the
touchscreen, or touch Controls in your mobile app.
• Navigation Volume: Increase or decrease the volume
3. Select the maximum driving speed.
of spoken navigation instructions by touching - or +,
respectively. Fully decreasing the volume mutes the 4. Drag the slider to the On position.
instructions. You can also mute navigation
5. Enter the 4-digit PIN that you want to use to enable
instructions when a navigation route is active by
and disable Speed Limit Mode.
touching the volume icon on the turn-by-turn
direction list. NOTE: If you forget the PIN, you can disable Speed
Limit Mode by entering login credentials for your
NOTE: This volume setting applies only to the
Tesla account.
navigation system’s spoken instructions. It does not
change the volume of media player and phone calls.
NOTE: While Speed Limit Mode is enabled, the
• Automatic Navigation: Enable if you want Model S to acceleration setting (Controls > Pedals & Steering >
automatically initiate a navigation destination when Acceleration) automatically sets to Chill.
you get in your vehicle. Destinations are predicted
based on commonly driven routes, time of day, and if WARNING: Driving downhill can increase driving
available, calendar entries (see Automatic Navigation speed and cause Model S to exceed your chosen
on page 125). maximum speed.
• Trip Planner (if available in your market region): Use WARNING: Speed Limit Mode is not a replacement
Trip Planner to plan your driving and add stops at for good judgment, driver training, and the need to
superchargers if charging is needed to reach a closely monitor speed limits and driving
destination to which you are navigating (see Trip conditions. Accidents occur at any speed.
Planner on page 127).
Sentry Mode: When enabled, cameras and sensors
• Online Routing: When selected, Model S can remain powered on and ready to record suspicious
automatically reroute you to a navigation destination activity whenever Model S is locked and in Park. See
to avoid delays (see Online Routing on page 127). (Using Sentry Mode on page 143).
• Avoid Ferries: When on, navigation routes avoid the
use of ferries. Dashcam (if equipped): When enabled, cameras can
record and save video footage of the surrounding
• Avoid Tolls: When on, navigation routes avoid the use roadway (see Using Dashcam on page 143). Customize
of tolls. Dashcam by selecting:
NOTE: You can also display these navigation settings by • Auto: Dashcam automatically saves a recording to
touching the settings icon on the map (see Maps and the USB flash drive (if available and installed) in
Navigation on page 123). situations where Model S detects a safety event, such
as a collision or airbag deployment.
Safety • Manual: You must touch the Dashcam icon to save a
recording of the most recent 10 minutes of driving to
Allow Mobile Access: Allow your Tesla mobile app to the USB flash drive.
access your Model S (see Mobile App on page 152). • Off: Dashcam is disabled until you select Auto or
NOTE: To disable Allow Mobile Access, you must enter Manual.
your Tesla account credentials. • On Honk: When you press the horn, Dashcam saves a
Parking Brake: Manually apply and release the parking the USB flash drive.
brake (see Parking Brake on page 59).

Controls
Delete Dashcam Clips: Deletes all Dashcam and Sentry Passenger Front Airbag: Manually control the front
Mode footage, including recent and saved clips. passenger airbag (available only in regions where the
airbag can be manually disabled). See Airbags on page
Format USB Drive (if equipped): If a USB flash drive is 33.
inserted into a front USB port, touch to format the flash
NOTE: In some regions, the passenger front airbag can
drive to allow Model S to save video recordings using
also be controlled by touching the airbag's status icon
Dashcam, Sentry Mode , if equipped (see USB Drive
located on the touchscreen.
Requirements for Recording Videos on page 17).
Park Assist Chimes: If on, a beep sounds when Model S Service

approaches an object while parking (see Park Assist on
page 61). Owner's Manual: View the onscreen Owner's Manual. A
new version of the onscreen owner's manual is typically
Joe Mode: If on, Joe Mode lowers the volume of your provided with every software update and therefore
vehicle's chimes, except for turn signals. contains more recent information that those provided by
NOTE: Joe Mode may not be available at delivery. Tesla elsewhere (for example, via the web).
Security Alarm (if equipped): Enable the security alarm Towing: Prepare Model S to be transported by keeping it
(see Security Settings on page 142). in Neutral (with the parking brake disengaged), when
you exit. See Instructions for Transporters on page 191.
Tilt/Intrusion: If your vehicle is equipped with the
security package, a battery-backed siren sounds in Wheel Configuration: Update your vehicle's wheel
situations where Model S detects motion inside the configuration if you are installing new wheels or
cabin, or is moved or tilted (for example, with a tow swapping them for different ones. This also displays the
truck or jack). See Tilt/Intrusion (if equipped) on page correct wheel on your vehicle's avatar on the
142. touchscreen.
CAUTION: Changing your vehicle's wheel
Passive Entry: If on, doors automatically unlock and
configuration can impact range estimates, tire
door handles extend (if Auto-Present Handles is on)
pressure warnings, and vehicle visualization. See
whenever you approach Model S carrying a key fob. If
Tire Care and Maintenance on page 165.
off, you must use the key fob to unlock Model S. See
Using the Key Fob on page 8. WARNING: Only use Tesla-approved wheels when
installing or swapping wheels. Using non Tesla-
NOTE: You must press the brake pedal to power Model S
approved wheels can cause serious damage. Tesla
on before you can change the Passive Entry setting. See
is not liable for damage caused by using wheels
Starting on page 44.
not approved by Tesla.
NOTE: If Passive Entry is off and you do not press the
brake pedal to start Model S within approximately five Reset TPMS Sensors: Reset the TPMS sensors after
minutes, a message displays on the instrument panel replacing a wheel (see Resetting the TPMS Sensors on
and you must use the key fob to lock, then unlock page 168).
Model S again before starting the vehicle.
Notifications: Display a list of notifications that have
NOTE: When you enable passive entry, it is recently appeared on your vehicle.
recommended that you also enable PIN to Drive to
increase security (see PIN to Drive on page 142). Update Key Fob: Your vehicle must be in Park to update
NOTE: Depending on your region, Passive Entry may be your key fob. See Using the Key Fob on page 8 for more
enabled or disabled by default. information.
PIN to Drive: Increase security by preventing Model S Reset Bluetooth Functionality: (For vehicles
from being driven until a 4-digit PIN (Personal manufactured before approximately April 2018) If
Identification Number) is entered (see PIN to Drive on Bluetooth is taking an exceptionally long time to pair,
page 142). reset Bluetooth functionality and pair your device again.
See Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 135.
Glovebox PIN: For additional security, protect glovebox
contents using a 4-digit PIN (see Glovebox PIN on page Camera Calibration (if equipped): Clear the existing
142). calibration of Autopilot cameras to reset the stored
camera positions and angles. Once calibration is cleared,
Cabin Overheat Protection: Reduce the temperature of you must drive to calibrate the cameras. See Drive to
the cabin in extremely hot ambient conditions for a Calibrate Cameras on page 75 for more information.
period of up to twelve hours after you exit Model S (see
Cabin Overheat Protection on page 121). Cabin
Overheat Protection stops operating after 12 hours, or
when the energy remaining in the Battery drops to 20%,
whichever occurs first.

Controls
Factory Reset: Erase all personal data (saved addresses,
music favorites, HomeLink programming, etc.) and
restore all settings to their factory defaults. This is useful
when transferring ownership of Model S. Before erasing,
you must enter the credentials for your Tesla account.
Jack Mode: Disables self-leveling of the air suspension

system.
WARNING: The air suspension system causes
Model S to self-level, even when powered off.
Therefore, when transporting or lifting, you must
engage Jack Mode to disable self-leveling (see
Instructions for Transporters on page 191and
Jacking and Lifting on page 177).
Wiper Service Mode: Turn on to provide easy access to

wiper blades (see Wiper Blades and Washer Jets on
page 173).
Software
Learn more about your Model S and the status of
software updates:
• Get more information about your Model S such as the

VIN, vehicle name, and odometer. Touch Additional
vehicle information to display a list of the various
options your vehicle is equipped with.
• View your current software version, map version, and
release notes.
• View and install new software updates. Model S must
be connected to Wi-Fi to update the software.
• Customize how often you want to receive software
updates by touching Software Update Preferences
(see Software Update Preferences on page 150).
To further personalize Model S, you can name it. Touch

Controls > Software > Name Your Vehicle located on the
right side of the screen below the image of your
Model S. If your Model S has already been named, its
name displays instead and you can simply touch the
existing name to change it. Enter the new name in the
popup, then touch Save. The name of your Model S also
appears in your Tesla mobile app.
Erasing Personal Data

You can erase all personal data (saved addresses, music
favorites, HomeLink programming, etc.) and restore all
customized settings to their factory defaults. This is
useful when transferring ownership of Model S. Touch
Controls > Service > Factory Reset. Before erasing,
Model S verifies your credentials by prompting you to
enter the user name and password associated with your
Tesla account.

Climate Controls
Overview of Climate Controls

Climate controls are available at the bottom of the touchscreen. By default, climate control is set to Auto, which
maintains optimum comfort in all but the most severe weather conditions. When you adjust the cabin temperature
while in the Auto setting, the system automatically adjusts the heating, air conditioning, air distribution, and fan
speed to maintain the cabin at your selected temperature. Touch the display temperature at the bottom of the
touchscreen to access the main climate controls screen, where you can adjust your climate preferences. You can
revert back to Auto at any time by touching Auto. Touch the power button on the main climate controls screen to
toggle on or off. For quick access to common controls, touch < or > to display the climate popup.
NOTE: The climate control system is powered by the high voltage Battery. Therefore, prolonged use decreases
driving range.
WARNING: To avoid burns resulting from prolonged use, individuals who have peripheral neuropathy, or whose
capacity to feel pain is limited because of diabetes, age, neurological injury, or some other condition, should
exercise caution when using the climate control system and seat heaters.
Adjusting Climate Controls

NOTE: Easily adjust your climate preferences, such as turning on the seat heater or changing the cabin temperature,
hands-free by using voice commands (see Voice Commands on page 140).

Climate Controls
NOTE: For one-touch access to seat heaters and defrosters, you can add these controls to My Apps. See
1. Touch to turn the climate control system on or off.

2. Touch Auto to turn the Auto setting on or off.
3. Touch the driver's side seat icon to adjust seat heaters for the driver. The seat operates at three levels from 3
(highest) to 1 (lowest). For one-touch access to seat heaters, you can add them to the touchscreen's bottom bar
(see Customizing My Apps on page 7).
4. Touch to turn on the wiper defrosters (if equipped). Wipers defrost for 15 minutes then turn off automatically.
5. Touch to turn the heater on or off for the steering wheel.
6. Touch to adjust the climate settings for the rear cabin. If set to Auto, the rear vents turn on automatically when
the front climate system is on and a passenger is detected.
7. When in Park, these settings display to allow you to keep the climate control system operating, even when you
leave Model S (see Keep Climate On, Dog, and Camp on page 121).
8. Touch to turn all seat heaters off.
9. Touch to adjust seat heaters for front and rear seats.

Climate Controls
10. Touch the passenger's side seat icon to adjust seat heaters for the front passenger. The seat operates at three
levels from 3 (highest) to 1 (lowest). For one-touch access to seat heaters, you can add them to the touchscreen's
bottom bar (see Customizing My Apps on page 7).
11. If your Model S is equipped with the medical-grade HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter, this filter ensures
the best quality air inside the cabin whenever the climate control system is on and outside air is entering the
cabin (recirculate is off). The HEPA filter is extremely effective at removing particles, including pollution,
allergens, bacteria, pollen, mold spores, and viruses. Both the HEPA filter and the secondary filtration system also
contain activated carbon to remove a broad spectrum of odors and gases. When you engage Bioweapon Defense
Mode, the positive pressure inside the cabin minimizes the amount of outside air that can enter the vehicle.
NOTE: Some gases, such as carbon monoxide, are not effectively removed by activated carbon.
12. When Model S is in Park, touch Schedule to set a recurring daily time when you want Model S to be ready to drive
by preconditioning the Battery and cabin climate and/or charging during off-peak hours (see Scheduled
13. Touch to turn on the front or rear window defrosters.
14. Touch to control the flow of air inside the cabin. Air can be drawn into Model S from outside or air can be
recirculated inside the cabin.
15. Use the slider to adjust the fan speed.
NOTE: Adjusting the fan speed may change the selected setting for how air is drawn into Model S in order to
increase or reduce air flow.
16. Touch to turn the air conditioning system on or off. Turning it off reduces cooling, but saves energy.
NOTE: Because Model S runs much quieter than a gasoline-powered vehicle, you may notice the sound of the air
conditioning compressor as it is operating. To minimize noise, reduce the fan speed.
17. Choose where air flows into the front cabin (windshield, face-level, or foot-level vents). You can choose one or
more vents.
Climate Popup
Touch the temperature arrows on the bottom of the touchscreen to display a popup for easy access to some of the
most common climate controls:
NOTE: For one-touch access to seat heaters and defrosters, you can add these controls to My Apps. See
1. Touch to access the main climate controls screen.

2. Enable or disable heated or cooling seats (if equipped).
3. Enable or disable the front or rear windshield defrosters.

Climate Controls
4. Modify the cabin temperature by dragging along the slider. You can also enable temperature splitting which
allows the driver and front passenger to customize their own climate preferences. The front passenger can touch
the temperature icon on the bottom of the touchscreen or the main climate controls screen to adjust. Touch Split
again to disable climate splitting.
Keep Climate On, Dog, and Camp NOTE: Software updates cannot be performed when
Keep Climate On, Dog, or Camp is active.
The Keep Climate On, Dog, and Camp settings allow you NOTE: The intrusion sensor (if equipped) automatically
to keep the climate control system running when in Park, disables when Keep Climate On, Dog, or Camp is active.
even after you've left Model S or choose to stay inside However, you can override this behavior and keep the
the vehicle. These settings are useful when it is intrusion sensor enabled. To do so, touch Controls >
important to maintain the cabin temperature in hot or Safety > Tilt/Intrusion after enabling Keep Climate On,
cold weather conditions. For example, when leaving Dog, or Camp. However, note that keeping the intrusion
groceries in Model S on hot days, you may want to use sensor enabled while Keep Climate On, Dog, or Camp is
Keep Climate On to prevent spoilage. active can trigger an alarm event as a result of air
movement inside the cabin.
Dog is designed to maintain a comfortable cabin WARNING: Never leave a child unattended in your
temperature for your pet while you actively and vehicle.
frequently monitor this temperature using the mobile
app (which requires both your phone and the vehicle to WARNING: Check local laws for any restrictions on
have cellular connectivity). When in Dog, the leaving pets unattended in your vehicle.
touchscreen displays the current cabin temperature to WARNING: You are responsible for the safety of
inform people passing by that your pet is safe. This your dog or pet. Never leave them in Model S for
setting is not intended for people, and should only be long periods of time. Constantly monitor the
used for short periods of time while you stay in close vehicle temperature and their well-being. Make
proximity should you need to return to the vehicle in sure you have sufficient cellular coverage on your
situations where the temperature can no longer be phone and time to return to the vehicle, if
maintained. necessary.
Camp allows you to power electronics through the USB WARNING: In the unlikely event that your climate
ports and low voltage outlet in addition to maintaining control system needs service or is not working as
the cabin temperature. The touchscreen remains on so expected, avoid using Keep Climate On, Dog, and
you can play music, browse the internet, play games in Camp. Never rely on your vehicle to protect
the arcade, or watch shows in Tesla Theater. You can something irreplaceable.
also control media and climate settings from a paired WARNING: You can adjust and monitor the climate
phone. Camp is ideal for remaining inside your vehicle, control system remotely using the mobile app.
such as camping or staying with a child. While active, However, if you use the mobile app to turn off the
Sentry Mode and the vehicle alarm system are disabled. climate control system, Keep Climate On, Dog, and
Camp stop operating.
To operate Keep Climate On, Dog, or Camp:
1. Make sure the Battery's charge level is at least 20%. Cabin Air Filter(s)
2. Engage Park. The Keep Climate On, Dog, and Camp
Model S has one or more air filters to prevent pollen,
settings are available only when Model S is in Park.
industrial fallout, road dust and other particles from
3. If necessary, adjust the climate settings. entering through the vents.
4. On the climate controls screen, touch Keep Climate
NOTE: Cabin air filter(s) require periodic replacement.
On, Dog, or Camp.
See Service Intervals on page 163.
NOTE: You can also control Dog and Camp from the
mobile app, by swiping up from the gray bar on the
Climate screen.
Cabin Overheat Protection
The climate control system can reduce the temperature
The climate control system attempts to maintain your of the cabin in extremely hot ambient conditions for a
climate settings until you shift out of Park or manually period of up to twelve hours after you exit Model S.
turn it off. Avoid using Keep Climate On, Dog, or Camp Touch Controls > Safety > Cabin Overheat Protection
when the battery charge is low. If the Battery's charge and choose:
level drops below 20%, the Tesla mobile app attempts to
repeatedly send you notifications reminding you to • Off: Disable Cabin Overheat Protection.
check on anything that you have left in Model S.
• On: The air conditioning operates when the cabin
temperature exceeds 40° C.

Climate Controls
NOTE: Cabin Overheat Protection operates until 12 hours
has elapsed since you exited Model S, or until the
Battery energy drops below 20%, whichever comes first.
WARNING: Never leave children or pets in the
vehicle unattended. Due to automatic shut-off or
extreme outside conditions, the inside of the
vehicle can become dangerously hot, even when
Cabin Overheat Protection is enabled.
Climate Control Operating Tips

• When you use the mobile app to turn on the climate
control system, it automatically turns off after four
hours or if the charge level drops to 20%. To cool or
heat the cabin for a longer period, you must turn it on
again.
• To conserve energy, turn on Range Mode (if
equipped) to limit the power of the climate control
system (touch Controls > Pedals & Steering > Range
Mode). Cabin heating and cooling may be less
effective, but you can use seat heaters to provide
warmth in colder climates.
• If the climate control system is louder than you prefer,
manually reduce the fan speed.
• In addition to cooling the interior, the air conditioning
compressor also cools the Battery. Therefore, in hot
weather, the air conditioning compressor can turn on
even if you turned it off. This is normal because the
system’s priority is to cool the Battery to ensure it
stays within an optimum temperature range to
support longevity and optimum performance.
• Even when not in use, you may hear Model S emit a
whining noise or the sound of water circulating.
These sounds are normal and occur when the internal
cooling systems turn on to support various vehicle
functions, such as maintaining the low voltage
battery and balancing the temperature of the high
voltage Battery.
• To ensure the climate control system operates
efficiently, close all windows and ensure that the
exterior grille in front of the windshield is free of ice,
snow, leaves, and other debris.
• In very humid conditions, it is normal for the
windshield to fog slightly when you first turn on the
air conditioning.
• It is normal for a small pool of water to form under
Model S when parked. Extra water produced by the
dehumidifying process is drained underneath.
• To reduce the temperature in the cabin in hot
weather conditions, the fan may turn on to vent the
cabin when the vehicle is parked. This occurs only if
the battery's charge level is above 20%.

Maps and Navigation
Map Overview Map Display
The touchscreen displays a map at all times (except Touch these icons to customize what the map displays:
when Model S is shifted into Reverse).
Display/hide satellite imagery (if equipped
Use your finger(s) to interact with the map: with premium connectivity).
• To move the map in any direction, hold and drag a

finger.
• To rotate the map in any direction, hold and turn two
Display/hide traffic conditions (if equipped
fingers.
with premium connectivity). Green lines
• To zoom the map in or out, expand or pinch two indicate no traffic; orange lines indicate
fingers, respectively. light traffic; red lines indicate moderate
traffic; and pink lines indicate heavy traffic.
NOTE: When you rotate or move the map, your current To ensure traffic is easy to identify along a
location is no longer tracked. The message "Tracking navigation route, green traffic lines display
Disabled" displays briefly next to the map orientation under the blue route line, whereas orange,
icon and the icon turns gray. To re-enable tracking, touch red, and pink traffic lines display on top of
the map's orientation icon and choose North Up or the blue route line.
Heading Up. Display/hide map details (such as points of
NOTE: The map zooms in and out automatically when a interest).
navigation route is active.
To change the orientation of the map, toggle between

these options:
Drop a pin anywhere on the map by pressing and
North Up - North is always at the top of holding your finger on a desired location. When you
the screen. drop a pin, or touch an existing pin, the chosen location
is centered on the map, and a popup screen provides
information about the location. From this popup, you
can navigate to the location, call the location (if a phone
number is available) and add or remove the location
Heading Up - The direction you are from your list of favorite destinations (see Home, Work,
driving is always at the top of the screen. and Favorite Destinations on page 125).
The map rotates as you change direction.
This icon has an integrated compass that
indicates the direction you are driving. Display/hide all charging locations and a
popup list that includes the city and
NOTE: Touching this icon while
proximity of the corresponding stations on
navigating to a destination displays the
the map. Charging locations include Tesla
route overview.
Superchargers, destination charging sites,
third-party fast chargers, and public
The route overview is available when you chargers that you have used previously.
are navigating to a destination. The route See Charging Locations on page 126.
overview also displays when you expand
the turn-by-turn direction list (by swiping Touch the lightning bolt icons in the popup
it downward). When you collapse the list to filter by the types of chargers based
turn-by-turn direction list by swiping it on max power.
upward, the map reverts back to
displaying your previously chosen NOTE: In some market regions, third-party
orientation. fast chargers are also included on the map
as dark gray pins when you display
Your current location is shown on the map. When you chargers.
rotate or move the map, your current location is no
longer tracked. To re-enable tracking, touch the map's
orientation icon to choose North Up or Heading Up.
When you touch the map while a navigation route is
active, the turn-by-turn direction list displays the next
set of directions and the orientation icon disappears.
Touch anywhere on the map to re-display it.

Maps and Navigation
Navigation Settings • A saved Home or Work location (see Home, Work,
and Favorite Destinations on page 125).
• A Charging destination (see Charging Locations on
The navigation settings icon displays when
page 126).
you touch ... once you start navigating to a
destination. • A Recent destination (the most recent destination is
listed at the top).
NOTE: You can also access navigation
settings by touching Controls > • A destination you have marked as a Favorite (see
Navigation. Home, Work, and Favorite Destinations on page
125).
Touch the navigation settings icon to customize the • A popular restaurant when you're feeling Hungry or a
navigation system to suit your preferences: (the popular destination (such as museums and
available settings vary depending on your market region amusement parks) when you're feeling Lucky (see I'm
and vehicle configuration): Feeling Lucky, Hungry on page 125).
• Touch - or + to increase or decrease the volume of NOTE: If a data connection is not available, onboard
spoken navigation instructions. Decreasing all the maps allow you to navigate to any destination, but you
way to the left, or touching the speaker icon, mutes must enter the exact and complete address.
the instructions. You can also mute/unmute NOTE: You can start navigation remotely from your IOS®
navigation instructions by touching the speaker icon. or Android™ device using the "share" functionality on
This volume setting applies only to the navigation your device after allowing access to the Tesla mobile
system's spoken instructions. Volume for Media app.
Player and Phone is not changed.
NOTE: Your Model S automatically adjusts the volume When you specify a location, the touchscreen zooms out
based on driving speed and climate settings. to provide an overview of the route you need to travel
and displays a turn-by-turn direction list. Estimated
• Enable Automatic Navigation if you want Model S to arrival time, driving time, and mileage displays at the
automatically initiate a navigation destination when bottom of the direction list. Note the following about the
you get in your vehicle. Destinations are predicted turn-by-turn direction list:
based on commonly driven routes, time of day, and if
available, calendar entries (see Automatic Navigation • The Battery icon at the top of the turn list provides a
on page 125). visual representation showing an estimate of how
much energy will remain when you reach your
• Enable Trip Planner (if available in your market
destination, and how much will remain if you make a
region) to add supercharger stops as needed.
round trip back to your current location. See
Supercharging stops are added to navigation routes
Predicting Energy Usage on page 127.
with the goal of minimizing the amount of time you
spend driving and charging (see Trip Planner on page • If charging is needed to reach your destination and
127). Trip Planner is enabled (and available in your market
region), the navigation route automatically includes
• Enable Online Routing to be automatically rerouted
Supercharger stops (see Trip Planner on page 127).
to avoid heavy traffic (see Online Routing on page
127). • If you won't have enough energy to reach your
destination and there is no Supercharger on the
• Touch Avoid Ferries to be automatically routed to
route, an alert tells you that charging is needed to
avoid ferries.
reach your destination.
• Touch Avoid Tolls to be automatically routed to avoid
• Each turn is preceded by the distance to the
tolls.
maneuver.
NOTE: The navigation settings available can vary • To see the bottom of the list, you may need to drag
depending on region and vehicle configuration. the list upward.
• Touch the top of the list to minimize it.
Navigating to a Destination
While navigating, the map tracks your location and
To navigate to a location, touch the search bar in the displays the current leg of your trip. You can display the
corner of the map and enter a destination, send the entire route at any time by swiping down to expand the
destination from your phone, or speak a voice command turn-by-turn direction list or touching the route overview
(see Voice Commands on page 140). You can enter or icon.
speak an address, landmark, business, etc. When you
touch the search bar, you can also choose from the
following types of locations:

Maps and Navigation
If Navigate on Autopilot (if available in your market NOTE: Navigation instructions that you enter manually,
region) is enabled, you can turn it on for the navigation or send to Model S, override routes suggested by
route by touching Navigate on Autopilot in the turn-by- Automatic Navigation.
turn direction list. Navigate on Autopilot is a full self-
driving (Beta) feature that automatically changes lanes
and steers Model S along a navigation route, exiting
I'm Feeling Lucky, Hungry
controlled-access highways, etc. For details, see
Navigate on Autopilot on page 88. NOTE: "I'm Feeling Lucky" and "I'm Feeling Hungry" may
not be available in all market regions and on all vehicle
To stop navigating, touch END, located in the bottom configurations.
corner of the turn-by-turn direction list.
In addition to navigating to a destination of your choice,
Model S can also suggest nearby locations based on
Adding Stops to a Route whether you are feeling Hungry or Lucky. In the
navigation search bar, touch Hungry or Lucky. Hungry
After you have entered a destination, you can edit your suggests popular restaurants, whereas Lucky suggests
route by adding, deleting or reordering stops. Touch the popular destinations (such as museums and amusement
three dots at the bottom of the turn-by-turn direction parks). For a new suggestion, go back and touch Hungry
list to view options to edit your route. or Lucky again for different results. When you discover a
destination that interests you, touch Navigate to
Add Stop allows you to add a stop by proceed to the destination.
searching for a location or adding a Home,
Recent or Favorite destination. You can This feature requires the latest version of Navigation
also add a stop by touching any pin on the maps. To download, connect Model S to Wi-Fi and touch
map and selecting Add from the popup. Controls > Software to check if an update is available
(see Map Updates on page 128).
Edit Stop allows you to set up a complex
trip by adding or deleting stops on your
route. Drag and drop stops by touching the
Home, Work, and Favorite
equal sign to reorder your trip. Destinations
If you frequently drive to a destination, you may want to
add it as a favorite to avoid having to enter the
Automatic Navigation location's name or address each time. When you add a
destination as a Favorite, you can easily navigate to it by
NOTE: Automatic Navigation, or the ability for the touching the navigation search bar and then touching
vehicle to automatically navigate to a destination based Favorites and choosing it from your list of favorite
on calendar entry, may not be available in all market destinations.
regions and on all vehicle configurations.
To add a destination to your Favorites list
Automatic Navigation can predict a destination when touch its pin on the map, then touch the
you get in your vehicle. When your phone's calendar is star icon on the popup screen that
synced to Model S, and the calendar includes an event appears. Enter a name (or leave as-is to
that takes place within two hours of when you get in accept the default name), then touch Add
your vehicle to drive, Automatic Navigation suggests the to Favorites. The star becomes solid and
location of the event (assuming a valid address is the destination is included on your
associated with the event). Favorites list.
In addition, if you are Home and get in your vehicle on

To delete a Recent or Favorite destination, touch it on
weekdays (Monday to Friday) from 5:00 AM to 11:00 AM,
the destination list and hold it down briefly until the X
Automatic Navigation can automatically route you to
appears. Then touch the X to delete it from the list.
your specified Work location (see Home, Work, and
Favorite Destinations on page 125). Likewise, if you are Home and Work locations also display under the map's
at work on weekdays from 3:00 PM to 11:00 PM, search bar. Touch to set an address to the corresponding
Automatic Navigation can automatically route you to location. After entering the address, touch Save as
your specified Home location. Home or Save as Work. Then simply touch these
shortcuts whenever you want to navigate home or to
To enable Automatic Navigation, touch Controls >
work.
Navigation > Automatic Navigation. You must have your
phone's calendar synced to Model S and the event must To change or delete the address associated with Home
include a uniquely specified and valid address (see or Work, press and hold its icon and in the popup screen
Phone and Calendar on page 135). that displays, enter a new address and touch Save as
Home or Save as Work, or touch Clear Home or Clear
Work.

Maps and Navigation
NOTE: Based on your usage patterns, Model S may The Supercharger location is operational
prompt you to save a location as Home or Work. and the number displayed on the pin
NOTE: Once a Home or Work location is saved, Model S represents the number of available
may prompt you to navigate to your Work location in Supercharger stalls.
the mornings and to your Home location in the evenings NOTE: A Supercharger located on your
and provide an estimated driving time based on current current navigation route is colored black
traffic conditions. See Automatic Navigation on page (or white, if the touchscreen is in night
125. mode).
For security reasons, if you sell Model S, it is
The Supercharger location is experiencing
recommended that you delete your Home and Work
a high volume of users and you may need
locations. You can delete these individually or you can
to wait before charging.
perform a factory reset to erase all personal data (touch
Controls > Service > Factory Reset).
Charging Locations The Supercharger location may be

operating at a reduced capacity.
To display charging locations on the map, touch the
map's search bar, then touch Charging. Charging
locations are shown in a list (with the closest charging
location at the top of the list) and represented by The Supercharger location may be closed.
corresponding pins on the map. Touch a pin to display
more information, navigate to it, or mark it as a favorite.
Touch the lightning bolt icons to specify the types of

charging locations you want the map to include (by
default, the map displays only superchargers): The Supercharger location has no data
available but should be operational.
Touch to include destination chargers.
The location is either a destination

charging location, a third-party fast
Touch to include standard superchargers. charger, or a public charging station that
you have previously used. Touch to display
more information such as usage
restrictions and available charge current.
NOTE: When the map is zoomed out and
more than one destination charging
Touch to include high-powered
location is available in an area, the pin is
superchargers.
round and displays the number of stations.
Touch the pin to zoom in. Then you can
touch an individual pin for details about a
specific location.
NOTE: The map displays CCS Superchargers only if your
vehicle is equipped with CCS charging capability. When Touch a charging location's pin to display a popup from
you touch the Supercharger's pin, the popup informs which you can:
you if a CCS adapter is needed to charge your vehicle.
NOTE: In some market regions, third-party fast chargers • Determine it's exact location and approximate
are also included as dark gray pins when you choose to distance from your current location.
display all charging stations.
• View amenities that are available at the charging
location, including restrooms, restaurants, lodging,
The appearance of of a charging location's pin reveals
shopping, and Wi-Fi. On a supercharger popup, touch
status information about the location. Touch the pin to
an amenity icon to search the surrounding area for
display details.
the associated amenity.
• Touch the navigation icon to navigate to the charging
location.

Maps and Navigation
NOTE: When navigating to a Supercharger (or third-
party fast charger in some regions), Model S
Online Routing
preconditions the Battery to prepare for charging.
This ensures you arrive with an optimal Battery Model S detects real-time traffic conditions and
temperature, reducing the amount of time it takes to automatically adjusts the estimated driving and arrival
charge. In some circumstances (such as cold times. In situations where traffic conditions will delay
weather), it is normal for the motor(s) and your estimated time of arrival and an alternate route is
components to make noise as it generates heat to available, the navigation system can reroute you to your
warm the Battery (see Warming the Battery Before destination. You can also specify the minimum number
Supercharging on page 73). of minutes that must be saved before you are rerouted.
To turn this feature on or off, touch the map's settings
icon (see Navigation Settings on page 124), then touch
Online Routing.
Predicting Energy Usage
When navigating to a destination, Model S helps you Trip Planner
anticipate your charging needs by calculating the
amount of energy that remains when you reach your Trip Planner (if available in your market region) helps
destination. When navigating, the map displays this you take longer road trips with confidence. If reaching
calculation at the top of the expanded turn-by-turn your destination requires charging, Trip Planner routes
direction list (see Navigating to a Destination on page you through the appropriate Supercharger locations.
124). When the turn-by-turn direction list is compressed, Trip Planner selects a route and provides charging times
touch the top of the list to expand it. to minimize the amount of time you spend driving and
charging. To enable Trip Planner, touch the map's
The calculation that predicts how much energy you will settings icon (see Navigation Settings on page 124),
use is an estimate based on driving style (predicted then touch Trip Planner.
speed, etc.) and environmental factors (elevation
changes, wind speed and direction, ambient and When Trip Planner is enabled and charging is required to
forecasted temperatures, air density and humidity, etc.). reach your destination, the turn-by-turn direction list
As you drive, Model S continuously learns how much includes Supercharger stops, recommended charging
energy it uses, resulting in improved accuracy over time. times at each Supercharger, and an estimate of how
It is important to note that Model S predicts energy much energy will be available when you arrive at the
usage based on the driving style of the individual Supercharger location.
vehicle. For example, if you drive aggressively for a
period of time, future range predictions will assume NOTE: When navigating to a Supercharger or, in some
higher consumption. Also, if you purchase a used Tesla regions, a third-party fast charger using Trip Planner,
vehicle, it is recommended that you perform a factory Model S may allocate some energy to pre-heat the
reset (Controls > Service > Factory Reset) to ensure the Battery to arrive at the Supercharger or third-party fast
predicted energy is as accurate as possible. charger with an optimal Battery temperature. This
reduces charging time (see Warming the Battery Before
Throughout your route, Model S monitors energy usage Supercharging on page 73).
and updates the estimate of energy remaining at the
end of your trip. A popup warning displays on the turn- To remove Supercharger stops and display directions
by-turn direction list in these situations: only, touch Remove all charging stops at the bottom of
the turn-by-turn direction list. If you remove charging
NOTE: Some factors that contribute to predicted energy stops, the turn-by-turn direction list may display an alert
(such as forecasted temperatures and wind speed) are indicating that charging is needed to reach your
available only when Model S has internet connectivity. destination. To add Supercharger stops back to the turn-
by-turn direction list, touch Add charging stops.
• A yellow warning displays when you have very little
energy remaining to reach your destination, requiring While charging at a Supercharger, the charging screen
you to drive slowly to conserve energy. For tips on displays the remaining charging time needed to drive to
conserving energy, see Getting Maximum Range on your next Supercharger stop, or destination (if no
page 68. further charging is needed). If you charge for a shorter
or longer length of time, charging time at subsequent
• A red warning displays when you must charge to Supercharger stops is adjusted accordingly.
reach your destination.
NOTE: You can also use the mobile app to monitor
To determine if you have enough energy for a round trip, remaining charging time needed.
touch the Battery icon at the top of the turn-by-turn
NOTE: If a Supercharger on your navigation route
direction list to display an estimated calculation of your
experiences an outage, Trip Planner displays a
round trip energy usage.
notification and attempts to reroute you to a different
Supercharger location.

Maps and Navigation
If Trip Planner estimates that you won't have enough
energy for your round trip, and there are no
Superchargers available on your route, Trip Planner
displays an alert at the top of the turn-by-turn direction
list notifying you that charging is needed to reach your
destination.
Map Updates
As updated maps become available, they are
automatically sent to Model S over Wi-Fi. To ensure you
receive them, periodically connect Model S to a Wi-Fi
network (see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page 149). The
touchscreen displays a message informing you when
new maps are installed.

Media
Overview When listening to internet radio or a music streaming
service, the options available on the Media Player screen
vary depending on what you are listening to. Touch the
The Media Player displays on the touchscreen and is next (or previous) arrows to play the next (and in some
used to play various types of media. You can drag Media cases previous) available station, episode, or track. You
Player upward to expand it (allowing you to browse), can also play next/previous using the left scroll button
and downward to minimize it so that just the Miniplayer on the steering wheel.
displays. The convenient Miniplayer, which occupies the
least amount of space on the touchscreen, displays Streaming services are available only when a data
what's currently playing and provides only the basic connection is available (for example, Wi-Fi or Premium
functions associated with what's playing. Connectivity). For some media services, you can use a
default Tesla account. For others, you may need to enter
Media Player displays content and options associated account credentials the first time you use it.
with the app (or source) you choose from the app
launcher, or from the dropdown list that displays when NOTE: Instead of launching a different media app, you
you maximize Media Player: can change the source from within the Media Player
screen by choosing a source from the dropdown list on
NOTE: Media apps vary depending on market region. the left side.
Some apps described may not be available in your
market region, or may be replaced by different ones. NOTE: You can use voice commands to adjust media
settings and preferences, such as volume control,
Radio: Choose from a list of available radio playing certain songs, or switching the media source
stations or touch the numeric keypad to (see Voice Commands on page 140).
directly tune the radio to a specific
frequency. Touch the next or previous
arrows to move from one frequency to the
Volume Controls
next (or previous).
Roll the scroll button on the left side of the steering
Bluetooth: Play audio from a bluetooth- wheel up or down to increase or decrease volume
connected phone or USB device (see respectively. The scroll button adjusts the volume for
Playing Media from Devices on page 130). media, voice commands, and phone calls.
NOTE: Your Model S automatically adjusts the volume

based on driving speed and climate settings.
Streaming: Play the audio streaming
service available in your market region, if You can also adjust the volume by touching the arrows
equipped. associated with the speaker icon on the bottom corner
of the touchscreen.
To mute the volume, press the left scroll button. Press

Spotify: Play audio available on Spotify.
again to unmute.
NOTE: Pressing the left scroll button during a phone call

mutes both the sound and your microphone.
NOTE: If you're playing media and you receive a phone
Caraoke: Sing along with various songs call, or the navigation system is speaking directions, the
(see Caraoke on page 130). volume of what you are listening to is temporarily
muted.
Media Settings
TuneIn: Play audio available on TuneIn.
NOTE: The settings available vary depending on market
region. Also, a setting may not be applicable to all audio
sources.
When displaying an audio source screen,

NOTE: You can show or hide any media app/source. See press the settings icon located in the
Media Settings on page 129. search bar to access audio settings.
You can adjust these settings:

Media
• Tone: Drag the sliders to adjust the subwoofer and To add a currently playing station, podcast,
any of the five frequency bands (Bass, Bass/Mid, Mid, or audio file to your Favorites list, touch
Mid/Treble, and Treble). If equipped with premium the Favorites icon on Media Player.
audio, you can adjust the level of sound immersion to
make your music experience more engaging by
dragging the immersive sound slider according to
your preferences. To remove an item as a favorite, touch the
highlighted Favorites icon. You can also
• Balance: Drag the center circle to the location in remove multiple favorites by expanding
Model S where you want to focus the sound. Media Player to show all favorites for the
• Options: Set preferences for optional features. For applicable type of source content. Then
example, you can turn DJ Commentary, Explicit press and hold any favorite. An X appears
Content, Traffic Announcements, and Allow Mobile on all favorites and you can then touch the
Control on or off. X to remove them from your Favorites list.
• Sources: Displays all available media sources and Your recently played selections are
allows you to choose whether you want to show or updated continuously so you don't need to
hide each source. You may want to hide media remove them.
sources that you never use. Once hidden, the media
source does not appear on the drop down list in
Media Player, nor will it appear in the app tray when
you touch the App Launcher. You can re-display a NOTE: Selections you play on FM radio are not included
hidden media source at any time by returning to this in the Recents list.
settings screen.
Playing Media from Devices
NOTE: Traffic announcements can be heard when
playing FM or DAB radio.
You can play audio files from a Bluetooth-connected
device (like a phone) or a USB-connected flash drive.
Searching Audio Content When you connect a Bluetooth or USB device, Media
Player includes the device as a media source.
Touch Media Player's magnifying glass icon
to search for a particular song, album, USB Connected Flash Drives
artist, podcast, or station. You can also use
voice commands to search hands-free (see Insert a flash drive into a front USB port (see USB Ports
Voice Commands on page 140). on page 17). Touch Media Player > USB, and then touch
the name of the folder that contains the song you want
to play. After you display the contents of a folder on the
Caraoke USB connected flash drive, you can touch any song in
the list to play it. Or use the previous and next arrows in
In addition to various streaming services, your vehicle is Media Player to scroll through your songs. You can also
equipped with Caraoke. To access Caraoke, navigate to scroll to next/previous songs using the left scroll button
Media Player and select the drop down menu to change on the steering wheel.
the media source to Caraoke. Or add Caraoke as an app
in the app launcher. You can browse through various NOTE: To play media from a USB connection, Model S
songs and select the song you want to sing. Touch the recognizes flash drives only. To play media from other
microphone icon to enable or disable the song's main types of devices (such as an iPod), you must connect
vocals. Disabling the microphone leaves only the song's the device using Bluetooth.
instrumentals and background vocals. Touch the lyrics
NOTE: Media Player supports USB flash drives with
icon (located next to the microphone icon) to enable or
exFAT formatting (NTFS is not currently supported).
disable the song's lyrics.
NOTE: Use a USB port located at the front of the center
NOTE: Depending on vehicle configuration and market console. The USB connections at the rear of the console
region, Caraoke may not be available on your vehicle. are for charging only.
WARNING: Never read Caraoke lyrics while driving.
You must always pay attention to the road and Bluetooth Connected Devices
traffic conditions. When driving, the Caraoke lyrics
are intended only for use by a passenger.
If you have a Bluetooth-capable device such as a phone
that is paired and connected to Model S (see Pairing a
Recents and Favorites Bluetooth Phone on page 135), you can play audio files
stored on it. Choose Media Player's Phone source, touch
For most source content, recents and favorites display at the name of your Bluetooth-connected device, then
the top for easy access. touch CONNECT.

Media
Your Bluetooth device begins playing the audio file that
is currently active on your device. If no audio file is
playing, use your device to choose the audio file you
want to listen to. When the chosen file begins to play,
you can then use Media Player's next and previous icons
(or use the left scroll button on the steering wheel) to
play other tracks.
NOTE: To play media from a Bluetooth-connected

device, ensure that access to the device’s media is
turned on (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 135).

Entertainment
Overview
NOTE: Entertainment options vary by market region.
The touchscreen displays the Entertainment screen when you choose any of the following apps:
Theater: Play various video streaming services (such as Netflix, YouTube, Hulu, etc.) while parked.
Arcade: Want to game? Depending on the game, you may need to use the steering wheel buttons or a
USB controller to play arcade games.
Toybox: Play in the Toybox while parked.
Browser: Access the web browser.
WARNING: Use entertainment features only when Model S is parked. Always pay attention to road and traffic
conditions when driving. Using these features while driving is illegal and very dangerous.
NOTE: Many entertainment features can be easily accessed hands-free using voice commands (see Voice Commands
on page 140).
Toybox
Select This... To Do This...
007 (air You are no longer a "Driver", you're a "Diver"! Touch Controls > Suspension to change your
suspension depth.
vehicles only)
Boombox Joy to the world! If Model S is equipped with a Pedestrian Warning System, delight pedestrians
with a variety of sounds from your vehicle's external speaker while in Park. See Boombox on
page 133 for more details.
NOTE: Check local laws before use in public spaces.
Emissions Testing Holiday fun can come in surprising ways. Select your preferred fart style and target seat. For
Mode those lucky vehicles equipped with a Pedestrian Warning System, you can choose to
broadcast externally when in Park. Use your turn signal or press the left scroll wheel when
you’re ready to “release” your prank.
Ludicrous Speed Press and hold the Ludicrous setting (touch Controls > Driving > Acceleration > Ludicrous) for
(P100D vehicles approximately five seconds. Touch Yes, bring it on! if you want to go fast. To display power
only) and acceleration readings on the instrument panel, press either scroll button briefly until the
available options are displayed. Then, roll the scroll button to highlight Readout then press the
scroll button again.
Mars The map shows your Model S as a rover on the Martian landscape, and the About Your Tesla
box displays SpaceX's interplanetary spaceship.

Entertainment
Rainbow Charge When Model S is locked and charging, press the button on the mobile connector ten times in
Port quick succession. Neat, huh?
Rainbow Road Need more cowbell? Visit Rainbow Road by pulling the Autopilot stalk toward you four times
in quick succession while Autosteer is enabled.
Romance Mode You can’t roast chestnuts by an open fire in your car, but you can still cozy up with your loved
ones by this virtual fireplace. While in Park, access Romance Mode from your Toybox. Queue
the music and get your romance on!
Sketchpad Channel your inner Picasso. Show us what you got! Touch Publish to submit your artistic
compositions to Tesla for critiquing.
TRAX It's never too late to follow your dream of becoming a world-famous DJ. With TRAX, you can
turn your vehicle into your own personal music studio. While in Park, choose from an array of
instruments and unique sounds to create the next hit song. Access TRAX through your Toybox
on the touchscreen and get jamming. Microphone and headset not included (depending on
vehicle configuration and market region, this may not be available on your vehicle).
The Answer to the Rename your car to 42 (touch Controls > Software and touch the vehicle's name). Notice the
Ultimate Question new name of your Model S.
of Life, The
Universe, and
Everything
Boombox
Boombox, an app in Toybox, uses the Pedestrian Warning System (PWS) speaker (if equipped) to play media
externally when Model S is parked. When Boombox is enabled, you can control external volume only when playing
current media. You can customize sounds by plugging in a specifically-formatted USB drive.
NOTE: Check local laws before using Boombox in public places.
1. Play current media

◦ Available in Park only.
◦ Internal and external volume control.
◦ If Camp Mode is enabled in Climate Controls, you can exit the car and control the volume with the mobile app.
2. Megaphone When toggled on, you can project a modulated voice through the external speaker of Model S.
◦ External volume control.
3. Horn sound
◦ Settings can be adjusted only when in Park.
◦ Selecting from a USB drive plays the first five seconds.
Formatting a USB drive for Boombox
You can add up to five custom Boombox sounds.
1. Using a computer, format a USB drive to exFAT, MS-DOS FAT (for Mac), ext3, or ext4 (NTFS is currently not
supported) and upload audio files to a folder named Boombox.
◦ Supported file types: .wav and .mp3.
◦ You can add as many files as you want to the folder, but you can only select from the first five, as listed
alphabetically.
◦ File names, of any length, can only contain these characters: a-z, A-Z, 0-9, ( . - _ ).
◦ The drive should only contain one folder; it cannot be shared with Dashcam.

Entertainment
2. Plug the USB drive into a front USB port.
3. Choose sounds from your USB drive by selecting them in the Boombox dropdown menus.
Car Colorizer
(If equipped)Change the color of your Model S on the touchscreen by navigating to Toybox or Controls > Software.
Touch the color swatch next to the vehicle name and customize the paint, tone, and more.

Phone and Calendar
5. Choose the phone with which you want to pair.
Bluetooth® Compatibility Within a few seconds, the Bluetooth settings screen
displays a randomly generated number. Your phone
also display a number.
You can use your Bluetooth-capable phone
6. Check that the number displayed on your phone
hands-free in Model S provided your phone
matches the number on the Bluetooths settings
is within operating range. Although
screen. Then, on your phone, confirm that you want
Bluetooth typically supports wireless
to pair.
communication over distances of up to
approximately nine meters, performance 7. If prompted on your phone, specify whether you
can vary based on the phone you are want to allow Model S to access your personal
using. information, such as calendar, contacts and media
files.
Before using your phone with Model S, you must pair it.
Pairing sets up Model S to work with your Bluetooth- When paired, Model S automatically connects to the
capable phone (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page phone, and the Bluetooth settings screen displays the
135). Bluetooth symbol next to the phone’s name to indicate
that the connection is active.
You can pair up to ten Bluetooth phones. Unless you've
specified a specific phone as a Priority Device or if the You can display the Bluetooth settings screen at any
phone specified as Priority Device is not within range, time and change the settings associated with a
Model S always connects to the last phone that was connected device. For example, you can designate a
used (provided it is within range). To connect to a connected phone as the Priority Device. This is useful in
different phone, see Bluetooth® Compatibility on page situations where you have connected more than one
135. phone, and both phones are frequently used in Model S
at the same time. Model S automatically attempts to
NOTE: On many phones, Bluetooth turns off if the connect to the priority device before others. If a priority
phone’s battery is low. device is not specified, or is not within range, Model S
connects to the most recently used phone (if
NOTE: In addition to phones, you can pair other
applicable).
Bluetooth-enabled devices with Model S. For example,
you can pair an iPod Touch, an iPad, an Android tablet, For vehicles manufactured prior to approximately April
etc. from which you can play music. 2018: If Bluetooth takes an exceptionally long time to
pair, reset Bluetooth functionality by touching Controls >
Pairing a Bluetooth Phone Service > Reset Bluetooth. You may need to wait a few
minutes. Once reset, try pairing to Model S again. After
Pairing allows you to use your Bluetooth-capable phone you reset Bluetooth functionality, the vehicle may forget
hands-free to make and receive phone calls, access your any previously paired devices.
contact list, recent calls, etc. It also allows you to play
media files from your phone. Once a phone is paired, Importing Contacts and Recent
Model S can connect to it whenever the phone is within
range. Calls
To pair a phone, follow these steps while sitting inside Once paired, use the Bluetooth settings screen to
Model S: specify whether you want to allow access to your
phone’s calendar, contacts and recent calls. If you allow
1. Ensure both the touchscreen and the phone are access, you can use the phone app to make calls and
powered on. send messages to people in your list of contacts and on
your recent calls list (see Bluetooth® Compatibility on
2. On your phone, enable Bluetooth and ensure it is page 135). Before contacts can be imported, you may
discoverable. need to either set your phone to allow syncing, or
NOTE: On some phones, this may require you to go respond to a popup on your phone to confirm that you
to Bluetooth Settings for the remainder of the want to sync contacts. This varies depending on the
procedure. type of phone you are using. For details, refer to the
documentation provided with your phone.
3. Touch the Bluetooth icon located at the top of the
touchscreen. NOTE: You can turn access to your contacts and recent
calls on or off at any time by displaying the Bluetooth
4. On the touchscreen, touch Add New Device > Start
settings screen, choosing the phone, and then changing
Search. A list of all available Bluetooth devices within
the associated access settings.
operating distance displays on the Bluetooth settings
screen.

Phone and Calendar
Unpairing a Bluetooth Phone • Contacts: Contacts are listed in alphabetical order
and can be sorted by first name or last name. You can
also choose a letter on the right side of the list to
If you want to disconnect your phone and use it again
quickly scroll to the names that begin with the
later, simply touch Disconnect on the Bluetooth settings
selected character. When you touch a name on your
screen. If you no longer want to use your phone with
contacts list, the contact's available number(s)
Model S, touch Forget This Device. Once you forget a
displays on the right pane, along with other available
device, you must pair it again if you want to use it with
information (such as address). Touch the contact's
Model S (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 135).
number to make a call.
NOTE: Your phone automatically disconnects when you • Favorites: Displays the contacts from your phone that
leave Model S. you have identified as Favorites.
• Calendar: Displays calendar entries from your phone
Connecting to a Paired Phone (see Calendar on page 137). If an entry includes a
phone number or an address, you can make a phone
Model S automatically connects to a phone that you call, or (if available) navigate to a destination, by
designated as Priority Device on the Bluetooth settings touching the corresponding information in the
screen. If you have not set a phone as a priority, Model S calendar entry.
connects to the last phone to which is was connected,
provided it is within operating range and has Bluetooth
turned on. If the last phone is not within range, it Making a Phone Call
attempts to connect with the next phone that it has
been paired with. You can make a phone call by:
To connect to a different phone, touch the Bluetooth • Speaking a voice command (see Voice Commands on
icon at the top of the touchscreen. The Bluetooth page 140). Voice commands are a convenient,
settings screen displays a list of paired phones. Choose hands-free way to call or text your contacts.
the phone you want to connect to, then touch Connect.
• Selecting a contact or recent call from the menu on
If the phone you want to connect to is not listed, you
your right scroll button (see Using Right Steering
must pair the phone. See Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on
Wheel Buttons on page 40).
page 135.
• Touching a phone number shown in a list in the
When connected, the Bluetooth settings screen displays phone app - Contacts, Calls, or Calendar.
the Bluetooth symbol next to the phone's name to show
• Using the Model S on-screen dialer in the Phone
that Model S is connected to the phone.
app's Calls list.
Using the Phone App NOTE: If it is safe and legal to do so, you can also initiate
a call by dialing the number or selecting the contact
When your phone is connected to Model S directly from your phone.
using Bluetooth, and you have allowed NOTE: You can also make a phone call by touching a pin
access to information on your phone (see on the map and choosing the phone number (if
Importing Contacts and Recent Calls on available) on the popup screen.
page 135), you can use the phone app to
display and make a hands-free call to
anyone listed on your phone. Receiving a Phone Call
When your phone receives an incoming call, the
• Calls: Displays recent calls in chronological order with instrument panel and touchscreen display the caller’s
the most recent call listed first. number or name (if the caller is in your phone’s contact
• Messages (if available based on your vehicle's list and Model S has access to your contacts).
configuration): Displays message in chronological
order with the most recent message listed first. You Touch one of the options on the touchscreen to Answer
can view, send, and receive text messages. Instead of or Ignore the call. Depending on the phone you are
typing a text message, touch the microphone button using and what speakers you used for your most recent
on the right side of the steering wheel to enter text call, your phone may prompt you to choose which
using your voice. speakers you want to use for the incoming call.
WARNING: To minimize distraction and ensure WARNING: Stay focused on the road at all times
the safety of occupants as well as other road while driving. Using or programming a phone while
users, do not view or send text messages when driving, even with Bluetooth enabled, can result in
the vehicle is in motion. Pay attention to road serious injury or death.
and traffic conditions at all times when driving.

Phone and Calendar
WARNING: Follow all applicable laws regarding the If a calendar event includes an address, a navigation
use of phones while driving, including, but not arrow displays to indicate that you can touch the
limited to, laws that prohibit texting and require address to navigate to the event's location. When an
hands-free operation at all times. event on your calendar takes place within the next hour
and has a uniquely specified address, the touchscreen
notifies you if there is a better route due to traffic, even
In Call Options when you’re not actively using navigation.
When a call is in progress, you can display the call menu If an event has a uniquely specified address and takes
on the instrument panel by pressing the top button on place within two hours of you entering your vehicle and
the right side of the steering wheel. Then roll the right preparing to drive, Model S automatically routes you to
scroll button and choose an option (see Using Right the event's address (see Automatic Navigation on page
Steering Wheel Buttons on page 40). To adjust the call 125).
volume, roll the steering wheel's left scroll button during
a call. Touch an event's information icon to display all notes
associated with the event. If the notes include one or
In Call Options more phone numbers, the information icon shows a
phone icon and the calendar displays the first phone
number found. Touch to initiate a phone call. You can
When a call is in progress, the call menu displays on the
also initiate a phone call by touching any number in an
touchscreen. Then roll the right scroll button to choose
event's notes popup screen (this is especially useful for
an option. To adjust the call volume, roll the steering
conference calls). If notes include a web link, you can
wheel's left scroll button during a call.
touch the link to open it in the Web browser.
Calendar
The calendar displays scheduled events
from your phone’s (iPhone® or Android™)
calendar for the current and next day. The
calendar is conveniently integrated with
the phone app so you can dial into your
meeting from a Calendar entry. It is also
integrated with the navigation system (not
available on all vehicle configurations) so
you can navigate to the event's location.
Using the calendar requires that:
• The Tesla mobile app is running, you are logged in,

and the mobile app's Calendar Sync setting is turned
on. The mobile app can then periodically (and
automatically) send calendar data from your phone
to Model S.
NOTE: To ensure you have access to all of the
calendar's features, it is recommended that you use
the most recent version of the mobile app.
• Your phone is connected to Model S via Bluetooth

(for privacy reasons, Model S displays calendar data
only from a connected phone). In situations when
your vehicle is not connected to a phone, touch
Connect Phone on the calendar list.
• Mobile access is turned on (Controls > Safety > Allow
Mobile Access).
• Both your phone and your vehicle have good
connectivity.

Air Suspension
NOTE: When Model S starts, you may hear the sound of *If the Default Ride Height to Low setting is turned off,
the compressor as the air suspension system’s reservoir the ride height is adjusted between Standard and Low
fills with air. to balance ride comfort with handling and range. To
optimize handling and range, turn on the Default Ride
Your Model S is equipped with Adaptive Air Suspension Height to Low setting.
that offers superior ride quality and allows you to
choose a softer or firmer ride based on your preference. CAUTION: Avoid driving aggressively (hard
When carrying loads, the system also maintains a level accelerations, sharp turns, etc.) when the
height between the front and rear. You can manually suspension is set to High or Very High. Doing so
adjust the ride height to suit your circumstances (for can cause vibration and increase the possibility of
example, you can raise Model S when you need extra damage.
ground clearance, such as when driving on a steep
driveway or ramp, in deep snow, over large speed
bumps, parking curbs, etc.).
Adaptive Suspension Damping
The settings associated with Adaptive Suspension
If a fault is detected that reduces the
Damping provide real-time adjustments to the
performance of the adaptive air suspension
suspension system to optimize both ride and handling.
system, a yellow indicator lights up on the
Choose from:
instrument panel. If the problem persists,
contact Tesla.
• Comfort - Provides a gentler ride for a relaxed driving
If a fault is detected that disables the experience.
adaptive air suspension system, a red • Auto - Adjusts to a wide range of roads and driving
indicator lights up on the instrument panel. styles, providing a fluid yet well controlled ride.
Contact Tesla.
• Sport - Provides a firmer, more controlled ride that
increases driver engagement and connection to the
road.
Adjusting Ride Height • Advanced - Can be used to fine tune the suspension
by dragging individual sliders that adjust Ride
CAUTION: Before adjusting the suspension height, Comfort and Handling.
ensure Model S is clear of all obstacles, above and
below. Touch Show Suspension Data to display detailed
information about the dampers for each wheel, including
You can manually adjust the ride height by pressing the ride height, compression and rebound values, and body
brake pedal touching Controls > Suspension on the accelerations.
touchscreen. The ride height settings that are available
depend on your driving speed and other conditions (for NOTE: When Adaptive Suspension Damping is set to
example, the suspension does not lower if a door is Comfort or Auto, the suspension may raise to improve
open). The touchscreen also displays the approximate ride comfort on rough roads. This feature depends on
ground clearance for each setting. Drag the slider to the availability of up-to-date map data that includes
choose from these options: data indicating rough road sections.
• Very High - When set to Very High, the suspension Use Comfort Damping in Autopilot (if equipped) - By
automatically lowers to the default ride height* default, damping automatically sets to the Comfort
(Standard or Low) after driving approximately 30 setting when using Autopilot, and reverts back to your
meters or when driving speed reaches 24 km/h. To chosen setting when Autopilot is no longer in use. Turn
maintain the Very High setting for an unlimited this setting off to disable this feature.
distance until your driving speed reaches the speed
threshold, touch Keep until 24 km/h.
Real-time Visualization
• High - When set to High, the suspension
automatically lowers to the default ride height* The image of your Model S on the Suspension screen
(Standard or Low) after driving approximately 30 provides a real-time visualization of the status of the air
meters or when driving speed reaches 56 km/h. To suspension system. In addition to visually showing
maintain the High setting for an unlimited distance changes to the ride height, it displays Compression and
until your driving speed reaches the speed threshold, Rebound lines that reflect how the suspension system is
touch Keep until 56 km/h. controlling the dampers for each wheel based on your
• Standard - The Standard setting ensures optimum chosen settings and changing road conditions. Both are
comfort and handling under all loading conditions. controlled simultaneously. Touch Show Suspension Data
to display detailed information about the dampers for
• Low - Lowering the height can improve
each wheel, including ride height, compression and
aerodynamics, make it easier to load or unload cargo
rebound values, and body accelerations.
and passengers, and improve handling.

Air Suspension
NOTE: The instrument panel can also display a real-time
visualization of how the suspension system is
dynamically adjusting each wheel’s damping to account
for changing road conditions. To view, hold the
respective steering wheel scroll button briefly until the
available options are displayed. Roll the scroll button to
highlight Suspension, then tap the scroll button.
Auto-Raising Locations
Whenever you raise the suspension to High or Very
High, the location is automatically saved. By saving the
location, you do not need to manually raise the
suspension every time you arrive at a frequently-used
location where you have previously raised the
suspension. When you return to the saved location,
Model S raises the suspension and the instrument panel
displays a message indicating that the suspension is
being raised.
When saving locations, Model S also saves the Keep until

XX km/h setting (if specified).
NOTE: When returning to a saved location and driving

faster than the High and Very High suspension settings
allow, the suspension does not raise until Model S slows
down.
NOTE: After leaving a saved location, the suspension
automatically lowers. However, it may not lower until
Model S meets the speed and distance threshold at
which the suspension lowers.
NOTE: If Model S reaches a saved location and the
existing suspension setting is already higher than the
level that has been saved for that location, the ride
height is not adjusted.
To remove an auto-raising location
If you do not want the suspension to automatically raise

at a location, touch to deselect Always raise at this
location in the popup that appears when you arrive at a
saved location.
Self-Leveling
Model S equipped with air suspension automatically self-
levels, even when power is off. To prevent damage when
jacking or lifting the vehicle, you must activate Jack
Mode to disable self-leveling (press the brake pedal and
touch Controls > Service > Jack Mode). For more
details, see Jack Mode on page 177.

Voice Commands
Use voice commands to easily control settings and • "Make it cooler"
preferences without using the touchscreen. You can ask
Model S to do just about anything, such as adjusting • "Make it warmer"
climate controls and media preferences. Available • "Turn on/off the driver's seat heater"
commands include most features that are managed by
• "Cool down the passenger"
the touchscreen except driving-related commands, for
example shifting drive modes. • "Direct airflow to my face"
• "Sync climate"
Voice commands are designed to understand natural
requests. You can use voice commands to: • "Increase/decrease the fan speed"
• "Turn on/off rear defroster"
• Adjust climate preferences.
• "Set the temperature/fan..."
• Tweak the windshield wiper speed and frequency.
• "Turn on recirculate"
• Control various aspects of your vehicle.
• Navigate to a location.
Windshield Wipers
• Call a contact.
• Interact with apps and settings. Update the windshield wiper speed and frequency
based on changing road and weather conditions:
To initiate a voice command, touch the voice button on
the right side of the steering wheel. When you hear a • "Speed up the wipers"
chime, make your request and the vehicle responds.
• "Increase/decrease windshield wiper speed by..."
• "Turn on/off the wipers"
Vehicle Controls
You can also modify various controls in your vehicle

using voice commands:
NOTE: Your vehicle must be in Park to enable some

voice commands (such as Sentry Mode, Dog Mode, etc.).
• "Sentry Mode on/off"

• "Keep my car safe"
• "Lock/unlock the doors"
• "Turn on Dog Mode"
• "Fold/unfold the mirrors"
• "Open/close charge port"
• "Start/stop charging"
• "Open service settings"
Examples of Voice Commands • "Open the glovebox"
Here is a list of example voice commands. This is not an

exhaustive list. Tesla is constantly working to improve
Navigation
voice commands.
To search for, or navigate to, a location, say:
NOTE: To choose the language you want to use for voice
commands, touch Controls > Display > Voice • "Where is [location]?"
Recognition Language. Voice commands are not
• "Drive to [location]"
available in all languages.
• "Navigate to [location]"
Climate Controls • "Show nearby Superchargers"
• "I'm feeling hungry/lucky" (see I'm Feeling Lucky,
Adjust your climate preferences using voice commands: Hungry on page 125).
• "Stop navigation"

Voice Commands
• "Mute voice guidance" NOTE: Tesla is continuously improving the ability of
Model S to recognize voice commands. To support these
If you have defined a navigation address for your home ongoing quality improvements, Tesla captures short
or work locations, you can use a voice command to voice recordings anonymously. To protect your privacy,
navigate there by saying "Navigate home" or "Take me these short recordings are not associated with your
to work". personal information or with your vehicle's identification
number. Tesla assures that it is not possible to search
any system for a recording associated with a specific
Contacts customer or vehicle.
To call or text a contact on your Bluetooth-connected

phone (see Phone and Calendar on page 135), say:
• "Call [contact name/phone number]"

• "Text [contact name/phone number]"
Media
To listen to and adjust your media preferences, say:
• "Listen to [song name]"

• "Lower/raise the volume"
• "Skip to next"
• "Pause/play song"
• "Change the source to [media source]"
To improve voice command recognition accuracy,

provide multiple cues in your command, such as artist
and song.
Apps and Settings
Easily navigate through your apps and settings using

voice commands:
• "Open [Toybox/browser/theater/phone]"
• "Search for..."
• "The screen is too bright"
• "Show me the Owner's Manual"
Some apps and settings are only accessible while in

Park.
You can also file a bug report by saying "Report" ,

"Feedback", or "Bug report".
For a complete list of voice commands, go to https://

www.tesla.com/support/voice-commands.

Security Settings
About the Security System PIN to Drive
If Model S does not detect a key nearby and a locked To increase security, you can prevent Model S from
door or trunk is opened, an alarm sounds. The being driven until a 4-digit PIN (Personal Identification
headlights and turn signals also flash. To deactivate the Number) is entered. To enable this setting, touch
alarm, press any button on the key fob. Controls > Safety > PIN to Drive and follow the on-
screen prompts to create a driving PIN.
To manually enable or disable the alarm system, touch
Controls > Safety > Security Alarm. When enabled, When enabled, in addition to entering the 4-digit driving
Model S activates its alarm one minute after you exit, the PIN to drive, you must also use it to enter Valet mode for
doors lock, and a recognized key is no longer detected. the first time and create the 4-digit valet PIN to enter
and exit Valet mode. In Valet mode, Model S can be
A battery-backed siren (if equipped) sounds in driven without the need for the valet to enter a driving
situations where a locked door or trunk is opened and PIN. The PIN to Drive setting is disabled whenever Valet
Model S does not detect a key nearby. If you also want mode is active.
this siren to sound in situations where the vehicle
detects motion inside the cabin, enable Tilt/Intrusion If you forget your driving PIN, touch the link to enter
(see Tilt/Intrusion (if equipped) on page 142). your Tesla login credentials on the PIN to Drive popup,
then follow the on-screen prompts.
NOTE: If Model S is in Sentry Mode (see Using Sentry
Mode on page 143), you must disable Sentry Mode NOTE: In the unlikely event that your touchscreen is
before you can disable the Security alarm or the Tilt/ unresponsive, you may be unable to enter the PIN. In this
Intrusion alarm. case, first try to restart the touchscreen (see Restarting
the Touchscreen on page 44). If the touchscreen is still
unresponsive, you can still bypass PIN to Drive by
Tilt/Intrusion (if equipped) turning on Keyless Driving in the Tesla mobile app.
The Security Alarm must be on to enable Tilt/Intrusion.

Glovebox PIN
Tilt/Intrusion sounds the alarm in your vehicle if Model S
detects motion inside the cabin, or is moved or tilted For additional security, you can protect the contents in
(for example, with a tow truck or jack). To enable, touch your glovebox with a 4-digit PIN. To enable this setting,
Controls > Safety > Tilt/Intrusion. touch Controls > Safety > Glovebox PIN and follow the
on-screen prompts. When enabled, you are prompted to
The intrusion sensor automatically disables in situations enter the PIN to open the glovebox. To disable this
where the climate control system is operating when you setting, select the toggle to disable and then enter the
leave your vehicle. To override, you can manually turn PIN.
the Tilt/Intrusion Sensor on again after choosing Keep
Climate On, Dog, or Camp Mode. If you forget your glovebox PIN, reset it by entering your
Tesla login credentials, then follow the on-screen
NOTE: If you plan to leave something that moves inside prompts.
your locked vehicle, remember to turn off Tilt/Intrusion.
If this setting is on, any motion detected inside Model S NOTE: Using a Glovebox PIN allows the glovebox to be
activates the intrusion alarm. opened even when Model S is in Valet mode.
Enhanced Anti-Theft Upgrade (if

equipped)
If your vehicle is equipped with the Enhanced Anti-Theft

upgrade, the horn sounds in situations where a locked
door or trunk is opened and Model S does not detect a
key nearby. If Tilt/Intrusion is on, the horn also sounds if
Model S detects motion inside the cabin or if the vehicle
is moved or tilted (for example, with a tow truck or jack).
To turn the Tilt/Intrusion detection system on or off,
touch Controls > Safety > Tilt/Intrusion.

Dashcam and Sentry Mode
NOTE: Depending on market region, vehicle Once enabled, you can manually save clips by touching:
your vehicle may not be equipped with Dashcam or The Dashcam icon in the app launcher
Sentry Mode or the features may not operate exactly as while the vehicle is in Drive (you can add
described. Please note it is your sole responsibility to the Dashcam app to My Apps at the
consult and comply with all local regulations and bottom of the touchscreen for easy access,
property restrictions regarding the use of cameras. see Customizing My Apps on page 7). The
touchscreen displays a message
In addition to supporting Autopilot, the exterior cameras confirming if the footage is saved. When
can record and store video footage of the vehicle's Model S is in Park, touching the Dashcam
surroundings on a USB flash drive. This can be icon brings up the Viewer.
convenient in situations where you want a video
recording of a particular incident. If set to AUTO, The Dashcam icon at the top of the
Dashcam saves video recordings of collisions when touchscreen.
driving. On the other hand, if enabled, Sentry Mode is
the alarm system that monitors the environment around
your vehicle when it is locked and in Park. After an
incident is detected, Sentry Mode responds according to
the level of threat detected.
The Dashcam controls are:
NOTE: Dashcam and Sentry Mode will not record video
when Dashcam is OFF. RECORDING: Shows that Dashcam is
recording. To save video footage, touch the
NOTE: To protect your privacy, video recordings are
icon. To pause recording, press and hold
saved locally to onboard memory or the USB flash drive.
the icon.
Recordings are not sent to Tesla.
Using Dashcam PAUSED: Shows that Dashcam is paused.

To resume recording, touch the icon. To
avoid losing video footage, pause Dashcam
Dashcam records footage of your vehicle's surroundings
before removing the flash drive.
only when Model S is powered on (see Starting and
Powering Off on page 44). Dashcam does not record
video when your vehicle is powered off. Use Dashcam to SAVED: Shows that footage is saved.
record driving incidents, such as a collision.
Dashcam requires a properly formatted USB flash drive,

inserted into a front USB port (preferably in the
glovebox) in order to store and retrieve footage (see
USB Drive Requirements for Recording Videos on page
17). To view Dashcam footage, see Viewing Video
Recordings on page 144.
Enable Dashcam by going to Controls > Safety >
Dashcam and choose: Using Sentry Mode
• Auto: Dashcam automatically saves a recording to When Sentry Mode is turned on, the cameras and
the USB flash drive in situations where Model S sensors remain powered on and ready to record
detects a safety event, such as a collision or airbag suspicious activity around your vehicle when Model S is
deployment. When Auto is selected, detection can locked and in Park.
vary and is subject to your vehicle's power, sleep, and
Autopilot state. To store and retrieve Sentry Mode footage, ensure that
NOTE: Several factors determine whether or not Dashcam is on and a properly formatted USB flash drive
Dashcam automatically saves a recording of a safety is inserted into a front USB port (preferably in the
event (for example, amount of force, whether or not glovebox) (see Using Dashcam on page 143).
airbags deployed, etc.). Do not rely on Dashcam to
automatically record video of all safety events. If you want Sentry Mode to automatically turn on every
time you leave your vehicle, touch Controls > Sentry
• Manual: You must touch the Dashcam icon to save a Mode > On. There are three additional settings for
recording of the most recent 10 minutes of driving to customization:
the USB flash drive.
• Exclude Home: Sentry Mode does not operate at the
• On Honk: When you press the horn, Dashcam saves a
location you set as Home in your favorites list (see
Home, Work, and Favorite Destinations on page 125),
the USB flash drive.
but operates at any other parking location.

NOTE: To set up your Home location, touch Navigate • Alert. If Sentry Mode detects a possible threat, such
and hold down Home, then enter your address. Touch as someone very close to, or leaning on, Model S,
Save as Home. Sentry Mode switches to the Alert state, where:
◦ Headlights briefly flicker.
• Exclude Work: Sentry Mode does not operate at the
location you set as Work in your Favorites list, but ◦ The touchscreen displays a message indicating
operates at any other parking location. Set your Work that cameras are recording.
location the same way you set your Home location. ◦ Sentry Mode saves the most recent 10 minutes of
• Exclude Favorites: Sentry Mode does not operate at footage prior to the triggered event to the USB
any location in your Favorites list, but activates at any flash drive (if available and installed).
other parking location.
• Alarm. For major threats, Sentry Mode:
NOTE: To recognize a location listed as Home, Work, ◦ Activates the security alarm and the audio system
or a Favorite, Model S must be parked within 10 generates a loud and unexpected sound.
meters of the saved location.
◦ Sends an alert to the mobile app on phones that
are paired to Model S to inform you that the alarm
NOTE: Sentry Mode will not record video when Dashcam state is triggered.
is OFF.
◦ Saves the most recent 10 minutes of footage prior
To manually turn Sentry Mode on or off, to the triggered event to the USB flash drive (if
touch the Sentry Mode icon at the top of available and installed).
your touchscreen. ◦ Returns to the Standby state after 30 seconds.
◦ For vehicles manufactured after approximately
April 2018: Saves up to two minutes of footage to
the vehicle's internal storage for safekeeping
Manually turning Sentry Mode on or off using the which can be manually saved to a USB flash drive
touchscreen or the mobile app overrides your Home, (if available and installed) using the Dashcam
Work, or Favorite exclusion preferences until the next viewer.
time you drive.
CAUTION: Sentry Mode may not activate the
Alternatively, you can use voice commands or the Tesla security alarm in all situations involving damage
mobile app. To enable Sentry Mode using voice to the vehicle. Sentry Mode uses many factors
commands, say "Keep Tesla safe," "Keep my car safe," to determine whether to activate the security
"Sentry on," or "Enable Sentry" (see Voice Commands alarm—all impacts may not be detected and the
on page 140). alarm may not activate in all situations.
Sentry Mode requires your Battery to be at least 20%

charged. If the Battery falls below 20%, Sentry Mode NOTE: When the internal storage reaches full capacity,
turns off and the mobile app sends you a notification. new recordings from Alert and Alarm events overwrite
Power consumption may increase when Sentry Mode is the older recordings.
active.
NOTE: Software updates cannot be installed when

Viewing Video Recordings
Sentry Mode is turned on.
You can view recorded footage on the touchscreen
CAUTION: Do not rely on Sentry Mode to protect when Model S is in Park. Touch the Dashcam icon
Model S from all possible security threats. While it located in the app launcher or the Dashcam icon at the
may help deter some threats, no security system top of the touchscreen. Touch the menu icon in the top
can prevent all attacks. corner of the screen. The tabs display a list of all video
clips, organized by location and timestamp. Pause,
To view Sentry Mode footage, see Viewing Video rewind, fast forward, and delete video recordings as
Recordings on page 144. needed. You can also navigate to Controls > Safety >
Delete Dashcam Clips to delete all dashcam and Sentry
Standby, Alert, and Alarm States Mode footage, including recent and saved clips.
NOTE: Dashcam recording pauses when you launch the

While in Sentry Mode, Model S may shift through three
Viewer.
states as a response to its surroundings—Standby, Alert,
and Alarm: You can also view video footage by removing and
inserting the USB flash drive into a computer and
• Standby. Model S is automatically “on standby” when navigating to the TeslaCam (if equipped) folder.
you activate Sentry Mode. The cameras constantly
monitor the surrounding area for possible security The TeslaCam folder contains three sub-folders:
threats.

• Recent Clips: When recording, Dashcam continuously
saves footage to Recent Clips in 60-minute cycles.
Footage is overwritten every hour unless you
manually save it. Four videos are recorded for each
clip, one from each camera (front, rear, left, and
right).
NOTE: Rear camera recordings are available only on
vehicles manufactured after approximately February
2018.
• Saved Clips: Contains all recordings that are saved

using Dashcam.
• Sentry Clips: Contains the last 10 minutes of footage
from all Sentry Mode events that triggered an Alert
or Alarm state. If storage space on the USB flash
drive becomes limited, the oldest Sentry Clips are
deleted to provide space for new ones. Once deleted,
you cannot retrieve them.
When the USB flash drive runs out of storage space,

video footage can no longer be saved. To prevent the
flash drive from getting full, regularly move saved videos
to another device and delete them from the flash drive.

HomeLink Universal Transceiver
About HomeLink NOTE: Check the product information for your
HomeLink device to determine which mode is
compatible with your device.
If your vehicle is equipped with the
HomeLink® Universal Transceiver, you can
operate up to three Radio Frequency (RF) Programming HomeLink
devices, including garage doors, gates,
lights, and security systems. To program HomeLink®:
NOTE: Depending on date of manufacture, market 1. Park Model S so that the front bumper is in front of
region, and options selected at time of purchase, some the device you want to program.
vehicles are not equipped with a HomeLink Universal
CAUTION: Your device might open or close
Transceiver.
during programming. Therefore, before
WARNING: Do not use the HomeLink Universal programming, make sure that the device is clear
Transceiver with a device that does not have safety of any people or objects.
stop and reverse features. Using a device without
these safety features increases the risk of injury or 2. Check that the device's remote control has a healthy
death. battery. Tesla recommends replacing the battery in
the device's remote control before Programming
HomeLink.
Supported Modes
3. Touch the HomeLink icon at the top of the
HomeLink supports three different transmit modes, touchscreen.
which is how your vehicle and the RF device 4. Touch Create HomeLink.
communicate. Selecting a transmit mode is determined
by your RF device's compatibility: 5. Select the mode you wish to use: Standard, D-Mode,
or UR-Mode (see Supported Modes on page 146).
• Standard Mode: Use Standard Mode if your RF device 6. On the touchscreen, enter a name for your device,
is equipped with a remote control that must be used then and touch Enter or Create HomeLink.
to operate the device (for example, a remote- 7. Touch Start and follow the onscreen instructions.
controlled garage door). This mode is the most
commonly used transmit mode for HomeLink NOTE: If you see a screen called “Train the receiver”
devices. while programming the device, remember that this is
a time-sensitive step. After pressing the Learn/
• D-Mode or UR-Mode: Use D-Mode or UR-Mode if the Program/Smart button on the device's remote
RF device does not have a remote control, and the control, you have only approximately 30 seconds to
receiver has a "Learn" button (may also be called return to your vehicle and press Continue, and then
"Program" or "Smart"). D-Mode and UR-Mode press the trained HomeLink device name twice.
function similarly in that Model S communicates Consider having an assistant to ensure you can
directly with the device's receiver as opposed to the complete this step within 30 seconds.
remote control.
NOTE: D-Mode is used primarily in North America 8. Once your device is programmed, touch Save to
whereas UR-Mode is popular in Europe, the Middle complete the programming.
East, and Asia. To determine the mode your device is 9. Ensure HomeLink works as expected. In some cases,
compatible with, contact HomeLink you may need to repeat the programming process
(www.homelink.com or call 1-800-355-3515). multiple times before succeeding.
Each of your devices can be set to a different mode. For Once programmed, you can operate the device by
example, your garage door can be set to Standard touching its corresponding HomeLink icon on the
Mode, your front gate can be set to D-Mode, etc. To touchscreen. HomeLink remembers the location of your
change a transmit mode, touch the HomeLink icon at programmed devices. When you approach a known
the top of the touchscreen and select the device you location, the HomeLink control on the touchscreen
want to change. Then, select Program and choose the automatically appears. When you drive away, it
desired mode for your device. Confirm by touching Set disappears.
Mode and follow the onscreen instructions.
NOTE: For additional assistance or compatibility
For older vehicles, changing the mode for one device questions, contact HomeLink (www.homelink.com or call
changes the mode for all devices, so be careful when 1-800-355-3515).
changing transmit modes. Devices not compatible with
your selected mode may not work. Touch the HomeLink
icon at the top of the touchscreen, then touch Change
Transmit Mode.

Auto Opening and Closing Troubleshooting HomeLink
To operate a HomeLink device without using the
Standard Mode
touchscreen, you can automate the device to open as
you approach, and close as you drive away:
In Standard Mode, Model S records the RF signal from
1. Touch the HomeLink icon at the top of the your HomeLink device's remote control. The
touchscreen, then choose the device you want to touchscreen instructs you to stand in front of the
automate. vehicle, point the device's remote control at the front
bumper, and press and hold the button until the
2. Select the Auto-open when arriving checkbox if you headlights flash. When the headlights flash, Model S has
want the device to open as you approach. learned the remote control and you can touch Continue
3. Touch the arrows to specify the distance you want on the touchscreen. If the headlights do not flash:
Model S to be from the device before it opens.
• Check the batteries in the remote control. It is a good
4. Select the Auto-close when leaving checkbox if you idea to replace the batteries before you start
want the device to close as you drive away. programming.
As you approach (or drive away from) a device that is • Ensure you are standing in front of Model S with the
set to operate automatically, the HomeLink status icon device's remote control positioned within five cm of
displays a count-down message to let you know when the Tesla emblem.
the device automatically opens or closes. In situations • Press and hold the button on your device's remote
where you don't want the device to automatically open control until the headlights flash. In some cases you
or close, touch Skip Auto-Open or Skip Auto-Close at must hold the button on the remote control for up to
any time during the count-down message. three minutes.
NOTE: Do not rely on HomeLink to ensure the device NOTE: Some HomeLink remote controls require
fully closes. multiple short presses (approximately one second
each press) instead of one long duration press. If you
are unsuccessful after multiple attempts of using long
Resetting the Location of the presses, try repeated presses of one second each.
HomeLink Device
If you experience situations in which you sometimes
D-Mode and UR-Mode
drive up to your HomeLink device and it doesn't open,
or the touchscreen does not display a notification as you In D Mode and UR-Mode, the device’s receiver learns
approach a programmed device, you may need to reset Model S. The touchscreen instructs you to press the
the device's location. To do so, park as close as possible "Learn" button (may also be called "Program" or
to the HomeLink device (garage door, gate, etc.) and "Smart") on the device's receiver. If this does not work,
display the HomeLink settings page by touching the refer to the following guidelines:
HomeLink icon at the top of the touchscreen. Touch the
name of the device you want to reset, then touch Reset • Park Model S with its bumper as close as possible to
Location. the garage door, gate, etc. that you are trying to
program.
Deleting a Device • Make sure you are pressing the receiver's Learn/
Program/Smart button. For instructions on how to
To delete a HomeLink device, touch the HomeLink icon put the receiver into learning mode, refer to the
at the top of the touchscreen. Touch the name of the product details provided with your RF device that
device you want to delete, then touch Delete. you are trying to program.
• If you see a screen called "Train the receiver" while
NOTE: You can also perform a factory reset to erase programming the device, remember that this is a
your HomeLink settings, along with all other personal time-sensitive step. After pressing the Learn/
data (saved addresses, music favorites, imported Program/Smart button on the device's remote
contacts, etc.). See Erasing Personal Data on page 117. control or receiver, you only have approximately 30
NOTE: For security reasons, delete your HomeLink seconds to return to your vehicle, press Continue,
devices if you sell your Model S. then press the trained HomeLink device name twice.
Consider having someone assist you with this step.
• Most devices stay in learning mode for only three to
five minutes. Immediately after pressing the device's
Learn/Program/Smart button, follow the instructions
displayed on the vehicle's touchscreen.

For additional assistance or compatibility questions,
contact HomeLink (www.homelink.com or call
1-800-355-3515).

Connecting to Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is available as a data connection method and is
often faster than cellular data networks. Connecting to
Wi-Fi is especially useful in areas with limited or no
cellular connectivity. To ensure fast, reliable delivery of
software and map updates, Tesla recommends leaving
Model S connected to a Wi-Fi network whenever
possible (for example, when parked overnight).
To connect to a Wi-Fi network:
1. Touch Controls > Wi-Fi icon at the top of the

touchscreen. Model S begins to scan and display
detected Wi-Fi networks that are within range.
NOTE: If a known Wi-Fi network does not appear in
the list, move Model S closer to the access point or
consider using a range extender.
2. Select the Wi-Fi network you want to use, enter the

password (if necessary), then touch Confirm.
3. Model S connects to the Wi-Fi network. Whenever
the network is within range, Model S connects to it
automatically.
You can also connect to a hidden network that isn't

shown on the list of scanned networks. Just touch Wi-Fi
Settings, enter the name of the network in the resulting
dialog box, select the security setting, then touch Add
Network.
NOTE: If more than one previously connected network is

within range, Model S connects to the one most recently
used.
NOTE: At Tesla Service Centers, Model S automatically
connects to the Tesla Service Wi-Fi network.
Hotspots and Connectivity

You can also use a mobile hotspot or your phone's
Internet connection via Wi-Fi tethering (subject to fees
and restrictions of your mobile carrier) to access the
internet. To remain connected to Wi-Fi when shifting
into Drive or Reverse, choose the connection from the
Wi-Fi settings screen, then touch Remain connected in
Drive.

Software Updates
Loading New Software Software Update Preferences
Tesla updates your vehicle's software wirelessly, Tesla determines how, when, and where to send updates
constantly providing new features. Tesla recommends to vehicles based on various factors unique to each
you install software updates at the earliest opportunity release. You can choose how quickly and often you
on your vehicle. To ensure the fastest and most reliable receive software updates. To change your preference,
delivery of software updates, leave Wi-Fi turned on and touch Controls > Software > Software Update
connected whenever possible. In most cases, your Preferences and choose either of these options:
vehicle must be connected to Wi-Fi to start an update
(see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page 149). • Standard: Receive software updates using the normal
rollout timeframe for your region and vehicle
Software updates are not performed when the following configuration. When a software release is made
features are active: available it has generally been running on other
customer vehicles for a period of time.
• Smart Preconditioning
• Advanced: Receive the latest software updates for
• Keep Climate On, Dog Mode, or Camp Mode your region and vehicle configuration at the earliest
• Sentry Mode opportunity they are available. Keep in mind that
although you receive updates at the earliest
opportunity, you may not be in the first group of
NOTE: On an as-needed basis, Tesla also sends software Tesla owners to receive the update. Choosing
updates using a cellular connection. Advanced does not enroll your vehicle in Tesla's early
WARNING: Do not attempt to use the vehicle while access program.
the software is being updated. Vehicle functions,
including some safety systems, may be limited or NOTE: Tesla does not update software upon request for
disabled when a software update is in progress those wanting to receive the latest features and
and you could damage the vehicle. improvements. Selecting Advanced and consistently
connecting to Wi-Fi (see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page
When a software update is available, a yellow clock icon 149) is the best way to receive the latest software
appears at the top of the touchscreen. There are three updates.
ways you can install software updates:
NOTE: The software update screen persists until you
install the update. You must install a software update as
• Touch the yellow clock icon to display the scheduling
soon it becomes available. Any harm resulting from
screen, which prompts you to select a time to install
failure to install a software update is not covered by the
the update (Set For This Time) or install it now
vehicle’s warranty. Failure or refusal to install updates
(Install Now). Once scheduled, the yellow clock icon
can cause some vehicle features to become inaccessible,
changes to a white clock icon until the update begins.
digital media devices to become incompatible.
At any time before the update begins, you can touch
this clock icon to reschedule the update. NOTE: Tesla may update or reinstall your vehicle's
software as part of the normal diagnostic, repair, and
• Touch Controls > Software to determine if an update
maintenance process within Service.
is available for your vehicle. If available, touch
Software Update Available to navigate to the NOTE: Reverting to a previous software version is not
scheduling screen, as mentioned above. possible.
• Start updates using the Tesla mobile app.
If the touchscreen displays a message indicating that a
software update was not successfully completed,
NOTE: Some software updates can take up to three contact Tesla.
hours to complete. Model S must be in Park while the
software is being updated. To ensure the fastest and
most reliable delivery of software updates, leave the Wi- Charging
Fi turned on and connected whenever possible (see
Connecting to Wi-Fi on page 149). If Model S is charging when the software update begins,
charging stops. Charging resumes automatically when
The yellow clock icon becomes a green download icon the software update is complete. If you are driving
when a software update is downloading. If a yellow Model S at the scheduled update time, the update is
download icon displays, a software update is available canceled and must be rescheduled.
but your vehicle is not connected to Wi-Fi. Connect your
vehicle to Wi-Fi to start the download.

Software Updates
Viewing Release Notes
When a software update is complete, read the release
notes displayed on the touchscreen to learn about
changes or new features. To display release notes about
the current version of your vehicle's software at any
time, touch Controls > Software > Release Notes.
Tesla strongly recommends reading all release notes.

They may contain important safety information or
operating instructions for your Model S.

Mobile App
The Tesla mobile app allows you to communicate with Media settings appear on the mobile app to pause, play,
Model S remotely using your iPhone® or Android™ rewind, fast forward, and adjust the volume of the media
phone. currently playing in the vehicle.
NOTE: The information below may not represent an For supported video sources, send videos to Tesla
exhaustive list of the functions available on the Tesla Theater by sharing the link through the mobile app.
mobile app. To ensure access to new and improved Navigate to the movie, show, or video you want to play
features, download updated versions of the mobile app on your phone and touch the share button. Share the
as they become available. video with the Tesla app and it appears on the
touchscreen if Model S is in Park.
To Use the Mobile App
Profile
To set up the Tesla mobile app to communicate with
your Model S: In the Profile tab located at the top corner of your
phone’s screen (shown as an avatar icon), you can:
1. Download the Tesla mobile app to your phone.
• Switch to a different vehicle associated with your
2. Log in to the Tesla mobile app by entering your Tesla
Tesla account, if you have access to more than one.
account credentials.
• Navigate the Tesla Shop.
3. Enable mobile access to your Model S by touching
Controls > Safety > Mobile Access (see Controls on • Access the Tesla inbox.
page 112).
• Manage your account information and view your
order history.
Your phone and vehicle must both be actively
connected to cellular service to allow the mobile app to • View and customize notifications you receive under
communicate with your vehicle. Tesla recommends that the Settings tab, such as Calendar sync, when your
you always have a functional physical key readily security alarm has been triggered, charging updates,
available if parking in an area with limited or absent and new software updates. You can start updates
cellular service, such as an indoor parking garage. from afar and check its progress.
NOTE: In the event that you require lockout assistance

from Tesla due to a non-warranty issue, such as having
Controls
limited cellular connectivity and having no secondary
key available, your expenses are not covered under the The Controls tab allows you to do the following:
Roadside Assistance policy.
• Open the front or rear trunk.
NOTE: Tesla does not support the use of third party
applications to contact Model S. • Lock or unlock Model S from afar.
• Open or close the charge port.
Overview • Flash the lights or honk the horn to find where
Model S is parked.
The Tesla mobile app's home screen allows you to:
• Enable Keyless Driving.
• See the name of your vehicle (if you have one). NOTE: Keyless Driving can be used when you do not
have your key or to bypass PIN to Drive in cases
• View your vehicle’s estimated range.
where you forgot your PIN or your touchscreen is
• See which drive mode the vehicle is in (Park, Reverse, unresponsive (see PIN to Drive on page 142).
Neutral, Drive).
• Open and close your garage door if your vehicle has
• Lock or unlock your vehicle.
a programmed HomeLink connection, if available (see
• Enable maximum defrost to warm your vehicle in cold HomeLink Universal Transceiver on page 146).
conditions.
• Vent the windows.
• Check your vehicle's charging information and open
or close the charge port.
Climate
NOTE: Twisting red lines next to the battery icon
indicate that the Battery is actively heating up
You can check the interior temperature and heat or cool
(including while charging or preparing to charge).
the cabin before driving (even if it’s in a garage), control
the seat heaters, and defrost the windshield:
• Open the front trunk.
• View your vehicle’s odometer, VIN, and current
firmware version.

Mobile App
• Enable or disable defrost by swiping up the from Upgrades
bottom , which helps melt snow, ice, and frost on the
windshield, windows, and mirrors.
View and purchase the latest upgrades available for your
• Enable or disable Dog Mode or Camp Mode. vehicle, such as full self-driving.
• Customizing climate controls allows you to
precondition the cabin to your desired temperature Service
and turn on or off the steering wheel and seat
heaters. See Schedule Service on page 163 for information on
• Vent of close the sunroof.Vent the windows. how to schedule service through the mobile app.
Using the mobile app to precondition Model S also Roadside

warms the Battery as needed. The mobile app will notify
you once your vehicle has reached the desired View roadside resources and request roadside
preconditioning temperature. assistance (where applicable). For more information on
Roadside Assistance, see Contacting Tesla Roadside
NOTE: In extremely cold weather or icy conditions, it is Assistance on page 189.
possible that your charge port latch may freeze in place.
In cases where you cannot remove or insert the charge
cable, or the vehicle is not Supercharging due to the Granting Access to a Second Driver
latch being frozen in place, use your Tesla mobile app to
precondition your vehicle on HI for approximately 30-45 Add and remove access permission for an additional
minutes (you must use your mobile app to precondition driver from the Tesla mobile app.
the vehicle; setting your climate to HI using the
touchscreen is not effective). This can help thaw ice on NOTE: Tesla mobile app version 4.3.1 or higher is
the charge port latch so the charge cable can be required. Additional drivers can either use a previously
removed or inserted. registered Tesla Account or use the app to create a new
Tesla Account.
Location To add an additional driver, in the Tesla mobile app from
the vehicle home screen, go to Security > Add Driver
Locate Model S with directions, or track its movement and follow the onscreen instructions.
across a map.
NOTE: The additional driver has access to all app
Summon features except purchasing upgrades.
To remove access, use the mobile app and go to

You can park or retrieve Model S using Summon (see Security > Manage Drivers and follow the onscreen
Summon on page 99) or Smart Summon (see Smart instructions.
Summon on page 101).
Schedule
Enable scheduled charging or departure, and
precondition the vehicle. See Using Scheduled Charging
on page 161 and Using Scheduled Departure on page
161 for more information.
Security
The Security tab allows you to do the following:
• Enable or disable Sentry Mode (see Using Sentry

Mode on page 143).
• Enable or disable Valet Mode (see Valet Mode on
page 38).
• Enable or disable Speed Limit Mode and receive
notifications when the vehicle's driving speed is
within approximately 5 km/h of your selected
maximum speed (see Safety on page 115).

Electric Vehicle Components
High Voltage Components
1. Front Motor (All-Wheel Drive vehicles only)

2. Air Conditioning Compressor
3. Battery Coolant Heater
4. Forward Junction Box
5. High Voltage Busbars
6. On-board Charger
7. DC-DC Converter
8. Cabin Heater
9. High Voltage Battery
10. Charge Port
11. Rear Motor
WARNING: The high voltage system has no user serviceable parts. Do not disassemble, remove or replace high
voltage components, cables or connectors. High voltage cables are typically colored orange for easy
identification.
WARNING: Read and follow all instructions provided on the labels that are attached to Model S. These labels
are there for your safety.
WARNING: In the unlikely event that a fire occurs, immediately contact your local fire emergency responders.

Electric Vehicle Components
Charging Equipment
Charging equipment designed specifically to charge
your Model S is available from Tesla. A Tesla Wall
Connector, which installs in your parking space, is the
fastest way to charge Model S for daily use.
Model S can also be charged using a Mobile Connector

and the appropriate adapter(s) that allows you to plug
into most commonly used power outlets. When using
the Mobile Connector, first plug the Mobile Connector
into the power outlet, attach the adapter (if needed),
and then plug in Model S. Mobile Connectors and/or
additional adapters can be purchased from Tesla stores
or online at www.tesla.com.
Tesla offers adapters (for example, J1772, CHAdeMO,

and Combined Charging System (CCS)) to allow you to
plug into the most commonly used public charging
stations in your region. Open the charge port door using
the touchscreen (see Charging Instructions on page
157), plug the adapter into the charging port on
Model S, and then connect the station's charging
connector to the adapter. For information on the
charging equipment available for your region, go to
www.tesla.com, choose your region, and then view the
available charging options.
More details on public charging station adapters is

available at https://www.tesla.com/chademoand
www.tesla.com/CCScombo2.
Charging 155
High Voltage Battery Information
About the High Voltage Battery supporting the onboard electronics and auxiliary low
voltage battery. Once this low-power consumption
mode is active, immediately plug in Model S to prevent a
Model S has one of the most sophisticated battery jump-start and low voltage battery replacement.
systems in the world. The most important way to
preserve the high voltage Battery is to LEAVE YOUR NOTE: If Model S is unresponsive and does not unlock,
VEHICLE PLUGGED IN when you are not using it. This is open, or charge, the low voltage battery may be
particularly important if you are not planning to drive discharged. In this situation, try jump starting the low
Model S for several weeks. voltage battery (see Instructions for Transporters on
page 191 for instructions on how to jump start the
NOTE: When left idle and unplugged, your vehicle battery). If the vehicle is still unresponsive, contact Tesla.
periodically uses energy from the Battery for system
tests and recharging the low voltage battery when
necessary. Temperature Limits
There is no advantage to waiting until the Battery’s level For better long-term performance, avoid exposing
is low before charging. In fact, the Battery performs best Model S to ambient temperatures above 60° C or below
when charged regularly. -30° C for more than 24 hours at a time.
NOTE: If you allow the Battery to discharge to 0%, other

components may become damaged or require Energy Saving Feature
replacement (for example, the low voltage battery). In
these cases, you are responsible for repair and/or Model S has an energy-saving feature that reduces the
transporting expenses. Discharge-related expenses are amount of energy being consumed by the displays when
not covered by the warranty or under the Roadside Model S is not in use. On newer vehicles, this feature is
Assistance policy. automated to provide an optimal level of energy saving.
However, on older vehicles, you can control the amount
The peak charging rate of the Battery may decrease of energy being consumed by the displays by touching
slightly after a large number of DC Fast Charging Controls > Display > Energy Saving. For more
sessions, such as those at Superchargers. To ensure information on maximizing range and saving energy, see
maximum driving range and Battery safety, the Battery Getting Maximum Range on page 68.
charge rate is decreased when the Battery is too cold,
when the Battery’s charge is nearly full, and when the
Battery conditions change with usage and age. These Battery Warnings and Cautions
changes in the condition of the Battery are driven by
battery physics and may increase the total WARNING: The Battery has no parts that an owner
Supercharging duration by a few minutes over time. You or a non-Tesla authorized service technician can
can minimize the amount of charge time by using Trip service. Under no circumstances should you open
Planner (if available in your market region) to warm the or tamper with the Battery. Always contact Tesla
Battery while driving to a Supercharger. See Trip Planner to arrange for Battery servicing.
on page 127 for more information.
CAUTION: If the Battery’s charge level falls to 0%,
you must plug it in. If you leave it unplugged for an
Battery Care extended period, it may not be possible to charge
or use Model S without jump starting or replacing
Never allow the Battery to fully discharge. Even when the low voltage battery. Leaving Model S
Model S is not being driven, its Battery discharges very unplugged for an extended period can also result
slowly to power the onboard electronics. The Battery in permanent Battery damage. If you are unable to
can discharge at a rate of approximately 1% per day, charge Model S after attempting to jump start the
though the discharge rate may vary depending on low voltage battery, contact Tesla immediately.
environmental factors (such as cold weather), vehicle CAUTION: The Battery requires no owner
configuration, and your selected settings on the maintenance. Do not remove the coolant filler cap
touchscreen. Situations can arise in which you must and do not add fluid. If the instrument panel warns
leave Model S unplugged for an extended period of time you that the fluid level is low, contact Tesla
(for example, at an airport when traveling). In these immediately.
situations, keep the 1% in mind to ensure that you leave
the Battery with a sufficient charge level. For example, CAUTION: Do not use the Battery as a stationary
over a two week period (14 days), the Battery may power source. Doing so voids the warranty.
discharge by approximately 14%.
Discharging the Battery to 0% may result in damage to

vehicle components. To protect against a complete
discharge, Model S enters a low-power consumption
mode when the displayed charge level drops to
approximately 0%. In this mode, the Battery stops

Charging Instructions
Opening the Charge Port
The charge port is located on the left side of Model S,
behind a door that is part of the rear tail light assembly.
Park Model S to ensure that the charge cable easily
reaches the charge port.
With Model S unlocked (or a recognized key is within

range) and in Park, press and release the button on the
Tesla charge cable to open the charge port door.
NOTE: If the charge cable is close to the charge port
door, you can press the button on the charge cable to
open the charge port door even when Model S is locked
or a recognized key is not within range.
NOTE: The charge port lights up white when you open

the charge port door. If you do not insert a charge cable
into the charge port within a few minutes after opening
the charge port door, the charge port door closes. If this
happens, use the touchscreen to open the charge port
door again.
You can also open the charge port door using any of NOTE: In extremely cold weather or icy conditions, it is
these methods: possible that your charge port latch may freeze in place.
In cases where you cannot remove or insert the charge
• On the touchscreen, touch the Charge Port icon cable, or the vehicle is not Supercharging due to the
(lightning bolt). latch being frozen in place, use your Tesla mobile app to
• On the touchscreen, navigate to Controls > Charging precondition your vehicle on HI for approximately 30-45
> Open Charge Port. minutes (you must use your mobile app to precondition
the vehicle; setting your climate to HI using the
• Press the charge port door when Model S is unlocked touchscreen is not effective). This can help thaw ice on
or a recognized key is nearby. the charge port latch so the charge cable can be
• On the key fob, hold down the rear trunk button for removed or inserted.
1-2 seconds. CAUTION: Do not try to force the charge port
• Use voice commands to open the charge port door door open.
(see Voice Commands on page 140). You can also use
voice commands to close the charge port door, and Plugging In
begin or stop charging.
If desired, use the touchscreen to change the charge
NOTE: The following image is provided for limit and the charging current (see Charge Settings on
demonstration purposes only. Depending on market page 160).
region and date of manufacture, your charge port may
be slightly different. To charge at a public charging station, plug the
appropriate adapter into the vehicle's charging port, and
then connect the station's charging connector to the
adapter. The most commonly used adapter(s) for each
market region are provided. Depending on the charging
equipment you are using, you may need to start and
stop charging using a control on the charging
equipment.
If you are using the Mobile Connector, plug into the

power outlet before plugging in Model S.
Charging 157
Align the connector to the charge port and insert fully. • BLUE: Model S detects that a connector has been
When the connector is properly inserted, charging plugged in.
begins automatically after Model S:
• BLINKING BLUE: Model S is communicating with the
connector. Either Model S is preparing to charge, or a
• Engages a latch that holds the connector in place;
charging session is scheduled to begin at a specified
• Shifts into Park (if it was in any other drive mode); future time.
• Heats or cools the Battery, if needed. If the Battery • BLINKING GREEN: Charging is in progress. As
requires heating or cooling, you may notice a delay Model S approaches a full charge, the frequency of
before charging begins. the blinking slows.
• SOLID GREEN: Charging is complete.
NOTE: Whenever Model S is plugged in but not actively
charging, it draws energy from the wall outlet instead of • SOLID AMBER: The connector is not fully plugged in.
using energy stored in the Battery. For example, if you Realign the connector to the charge port and insert
are sitting in Model S and using the touchscreen while fully.
parked and plugged in, Model S draws energy from the • BLINKING AMBER: Model S is charging at a reduced
wall outlet instead of the Battery. current (AC charging only).
CAUTION: The connector end of the charge cable • RED: A fault is detected and charging has stopped.
can damage the paint if you drop it onto Model S. Check the instrument panel or touchscreen for an
alert.
Charge Port Light
• WHITE (OR LIGHT BLUE): The charge port door is

open. Model S is ready to charge and the connector is
not inserted, or the charge port latch is unlocked and
the connector is ready to be removed.
Charging Status
Charging status displays on the instrument panel when the charge port door is open.
1. Driving distance: Displays the total estimated driving distance or energy percentage (depending on your display
setting) available.
NOTE: To change how energy units are displayed, touch Controls > Display > Energy Display.

2. Charge status: Charge status messages (such as Supercharging, Scheduled Charging) display here (see
Scheduled Charging and Scheduled Departure on page 160).
3. Time remaining: The estimated time remaining to charge to your set limit (see Charge Settings on page 160).
NOTE: When charging to 100%, the vehicle may continue to charge with low power when charging is displayed as
complete. This is expected operation. Because the added energy beyond this point is low, it is usually not
beneficial to continue charging.
4. Charging rate: The maximum current available from the attached charge cable.
5. Range gained: Estimated increase in driving distance achieved in the charging session.
6. Charging: The current power of the charger.
If connected to a 3-phase power supply (if applicable in your region), the available current represents the
current per phase and the 3-phase symbol displays.
During Charging NOTE: To prevent unauthorized unplugging of the

charge cable, the charge cable latch remains locked and
Model S must be unlocked or able to recognize your key
During charging, the charge port light pulses green, and before you can disconnect the charge cable.
the instrument panel displays real-time charging status.
The frequency at which the green charge port light NOTE:
pulses slows down as the charge level approaches full.
When charging is complete, the light stops pulsing and To disconnect the charge cable:
is solid green.
1. Press and hold the button on the connector handle to
NOTE: If Model S is locked, the charge port light does release the latch.
not light up. NOTE: You can also release the latch using the
touchscreen or mobile app, or by pressing and
If the charge port light turns red while charging, a fault
holding the rear trunk button on the key fob. If your
is detected. Check the instrument panel or touchscreen
vehicle is equipped with a motorized charge port,
for an alert describing the fault. A fault can occur due to
you can also press the button to the left of the
something as common as a power outage. If a power
charge port to release the latch.
outage occurs, charging resumes automatically when
power is restored. 2. Pull the connector from the charge port.
NOTE: It is normal to hear sounds during charging.
Particularly at high currents, the refrigerant compressor To disconnect the charge cable when using an adapter
and fan operate as needed to keep the Battery cool. at a public charge station:
NOTE: Air conditioning performance is generally not 1. Unlock Model S.

affected by charging. However, in some circumstances
(for example, charging at high currents during a 2. While holding the public charging handle in one hand
particularly warm day), the air coming from the vents and the adapter in the other hand, press and hold the
may not be as cool as expected and a message displays button on the public charging handle and pull both
on the instrument panel. This is normal and ensures that outwards, removing the handle and adapter at the
the Battery stays within an optimum temperature range same time.
while charging to support longevity and optimum NOTE: If the charging station handle separates from
performance. the adapter, leaving the adapter in Model S, use the
WARNING: Never spray liquid at a high velocity touchscreen to unlock the charge port.
(for example, a pressure washer) towards the
charge port while charging. Doing so can result in 3. Press and hold the button on the charging handle
serious injury or damage to the vehicle, charging again to release the adapter from the public charging
equipment, or property. handle.
CAUTION: Tesla strongly recommends leaving

Stopping Charging Model S plugged in when not in use. This maintains
the Battery at the optimum level of charge.
Stop charging at any time by disconnecting the charge
cable or touching Stop Charging on the touchscreen.

Charge Settings NOTE: If Model S is charging and detects unexpected
ﬂuctuations in input power, the charging current is
automatically reduced by 25%. For example, a
Access charge settings by touching Controls > Charging 40 amp current is reduced to 30 amps. This
when Model S is in Park. You can also touch the charge automatic current reduction increases robustness and
icon on the touchscreen to access charge settings. safety in situations when an external problem exists
(for example, a home wiring system, receptacle,
adapter or cord is unable to meet its rated current
capacity). As a precaution, when Model S
automatically reduces current, it saves the reduced
current at the charging location. Although you can
manually increase it, Tesla recommends charging at
the lower current until the underlying problem is
resolved and the charging location can provide
consistent power.
• Schedule: Depending on the setting you select by

touching Switch to Scheduled Departure/Scheduled
1. Driving distance: Displays the total estimated driving Charging, this displays either a departure time for
distance available. when the vehicle should be preconditioned and/or
charged by or a time to start charging (see
2. Set limit: Adjust the charge limit by dragging the Scheduled Charging and Scheduled Departure on
arrow below the battery to indicate the level of page 160).
charging you want. The setting you choose applies to
immediate and scheduled charging sessions. • Supercharging: Displays supercharger usage fees, the
location, the time that charging started, and a cost
NOTE: A portion of the battery image may appear estimate for the session (see Supercharger Usage
blue. This indicates that a small portion of the energy Fees and Idle Fees on page 161).
stored in the battery is not available because the
battery is cold. This is normal and no reason for NOTE: To reduce congestion at high-usage
concern. When the battery warms up, the blue supercharger sites, you may be limited to a maximum
portion no longer displays. charge of 80% when not using Trip Planner (if
available in your market region). See Trip Planner on
page 127).
You can further adjust charge settings:
• Open Charge Port, Unlock Charge Port and Stop Scheduled Charging and Scheduled
Charging: When not charging, touch Open Charge
Port or Unlock Charge Port to open the charge port Departure
door or to unlock the charge cable from the charge
port. Use Stop Charging when you are finished Toggle between Scheduled Departure and Scheduled
charging. Charging by touching Controls > Charging > Switch to
Scheduled Charging/Scheduled Departure when
• Charge current at this location: The current
Model S is in Park.
automatically sets to the maximum current available
from the attached charge cable, unless it was NOTE: Scheduled Charging/Scheduled Departure
previously reduced to a lower level. If needed, touch - settings are also available on the Climate Controls
or + to change the current (for example, you may screen and in the Tesla mobile app.
want to reduce the current if you are concerned
about overloading a domestic wiring circuit shared Think of Scheduled Charging as "When do I want
by other equipment). It is not possible to set the charging to start?" compared to Scheduled Departure
charging current to a level that exceeds the maximum Off-Peak Charging which is "When do I want charging to
available from the attached charge cable. When you be complete?"
change the current, Model S remembers the location.
If you charge at the same location, you do not need Scheduled Charging can be used together with
to change it again. Scheduled Departure Preconditioning but not with
NOTE: For 3-phase charging (if applicable in your Scheduled Departure Off-Peak Charging.
region), the available current represents the current
per phase (up to 32 amps). During charging, the right Scheduled Charging/Scheduled Departure settings are
status flag displays the 3-phase symbol in front of the automatically saved for each location.
displayed current.
NOTE: If you plug in Model S with both Off-Peak
Charging and Scheduled Charging deselected, your
vehicle charges immediately.

Using Scheduled Charging NOTE: If there is not enough time to reach the charge
limit, charging starts immediately in order to charge
as much as possible.
Use Scheduled Charging to specify a daily time in which
you want Model S to start charging. NOTE: Once charging has started and there is not
enough time to complete charging during off-peak
With Scheduled Charging selected, enable the feature hours, charging continues until the charge limit is
then set a daily time to start charging. reached.
NOTE: Scheduled Charging starts charging immediately

if Model S is plugged in up to 6 hours after the You can limit Preconditioning and Off-Peak Charging to
scheduled start time. However, if Model S is plugged in weekdays only.
after six hours of the scheduled charging time, charging
may not start until the scheduled time on the next day. Supercharger Usage Fees and Idle
Fees
Using Scheduled Departure
When charging at a Tesla supercharger, information
Use Scheduled Departure to set a daily time when you about the charging session displays at the bottom of the
want Model S to be ready to drive. Your vehicle charging screen. This includes the location, the time that
automatically calculates when it needs to start charging started, and a cost estimate for the session.
preconditioning and/or charging. This ensures that When you stop supercharging, the estimated cost of the
charging is complete and/or the cabin climate and session displays until a new supercharging session
Battery are preconditioned by your departure time. begins. If free charging is applicable, the estimated cost
displays as zero.
When Scheduled Departure is displayed, touch
Schedule to set a daily time when you want Model S to NOTE: Estimated cost may not reflect the final cost of
be ready to drive. Specify a time, then touch Settings to the supercharging session. Final pricing for
enable one or both of the following departure features. supercharging sessions can be found in your Tesla
When plugging in with Off-Peak Charging enabled, the account.
vehicle briefly draws power (you may hear clicking) to
calculate the necessary charging start time. When charging at a Tesla supercharger, you are subject
to idle fees. Idle fees are designed to encourage drivers
After you’ve specified your desired settings, touch Set. to move their vehicle from the Supercharger when
The touchscreen displays your scheduled departure charging is complete. Idle fees are in effect only when
time. half or more of the Superchargers at a site are occupied.
The Tesla mobile app notifies you when charging is
• Preconditioning warms the Battery for improved almost complete, and again when charging is complete.
performance and ensures a comfortable cabin Additional notifications are sent if idle fees are incurred.
climate at your set departure time. Idle fees are waived if you move your vehicle within five
minutes of when charging completed.
NOTE: When Model S is not plugged in,
preconditioning operates but only when the Battery's
Log into your Tesla account to view fees and details
charge level is above 20%.
about Supercharger sessions, track the remaining
balance of free credits, set up a payment method, and
• Off-Peak Charging delays charging and automatically
make payments. Once a payment method is saved, fees
starts charging in order to finish before your
are automatically paid from your account.
scheduled departure time while also ensuring to
charge the Battery during off-peak hours to reduce
energy costs. Touch Change Off-Peak Hours to Manually Releasing Charge Cable
customize the time when off-peak utility rates end.
NOTE: Choosing Off-Peak Charging can reduce If the usual methods for releasing a charge cable from
energy costs even in market regions where off-peak the charge port (using the charge handle release button,
utility rates are not applicable. For example, if touchscreen, or mobile app) do not work, carefully
charging starts as soon as you plug in, charging may follow these steps:
complete much sooner. This causes the Battery to
cool down to ambient temperatures and requires 1. Ensure that Model S is not actively charging by
energy to warm it back up by your departure time. displaying the charging screen on the touchscreen. If
Therefore, even if off-peak utility rates are not necessary, touch Stop Charging.
applicable to you, it is recommended that you set 2. Open the rear trunk.
Off-Peak Hours to the same time as your departure
time in order to reduce energy consumption. 3. Open the flap on the left side of the trunk side trim.
Charging 161
CAUTION: The release lever is designed for use
only in situations where the charge cable cannot
be released from the charge port using the usual
methods. Continuous use may result in damage to
the release lever or charging equipment.
WARNING: Do not perform this procedure while
your vehicle is charging or if any orange high
voltage conductors are exposed. Failure to follow
these instructions can result in electric shock and
serious injury or damage to the vehicle. If you are
uncertain as to how to safely perform this
procedure, contact your nearest Service Center.
WARNING: Do not attempt to remove the charge
cable at the same exact time as you begin to press
the release lever towards the front of the vehicle.
Always press the release lever towards the front of
the vehicle and hold it before you begin to remove
the charge cable from the charge port. Failure to
follow these instructions can result in electric
shock and serious injury.
4. Press and hold the charge port's manual release lever

towards the front of the vehicle to unlatch the charge
cable.
WARNING: Do not touch or attempt to remove
the orange high voltage cover. Failure to follow
these instructions can result in electric shock
and serious injury.
NOTE: If your vehicle does not have a charge port
manual release lever, discontinue this procedure and
contact your nearest Service Center.
NOTE: The orientation of the manual release lever
may vary depending on market region.
5. Pull the charge cable from the charge port.

6. Close the flap on the left side of the trunk side trim.

Maintenance
Software • Environmental conditions (rain, snow, cold, etc.).
• Road name and type of road (if applicable).
Updating software is important to ensure proper
• Quality of lane markings (if applicable).
operation and longevity of your vehicle's components.
You must install a software update at the earliest • Applicable vehicle settings.
opportunity. See Software Updates on page 150. • Identifiable symptoms.
Tesla may update or reinstall your vehicle's software as
part of the normal diagnostic, repair, and maintenance Visit https://www.tesla.com/support/service-visits for
process within Service. more information on scheduling service.
Service Intervals Daily Checks

Your vehicle should generally be serviced on an as- • Check the Battery’s charge level, displayed on the
needed basis. However, Tesla recommends the following instrument panel or mobile app.
maintenance items and intervals, as applicable to your • Check the condition and pressure of each tire (see
vehicle, to ensure continued reliability and efficiency of Tire Care and Maintenance on page 165).
your Model S.
• Check that all exterior lights, horn, turn signals, and
• Brake fluid health check every 2 years (replace if wipers and washers are working.
necessary). • Check for any unexpected indicator lights or vehicle
• A/C desiccant bag replacement every 2 years. alerts on the touchscreen or instrument panel.
• Cabin air filter replacement every 2 years. • Check the operation of the brakes, including the
parking brake.
• HEPA filter replacement every 3 years.
• Check the operation of the seat belts (see Seat Belts
• Clean and lubricate brake calipers every year or on page 24).
12,500 miles (20,000 km) if in an area where roads
are salted during winter • Look for abnormal fluid deposits underneath Model S
that might indicate a leak. It is normal for a small pool
• Rotate tires every 10,000 km or if tread depth of water to form (caused by the air conditioning
difference is 1.5 mm or greater, whichever comes first system’s dehumidifying process).
• Look around the exterior of Model S and immediately
NOTE: The above intervals are based on typical driving
remove any corrosive substances (such as bird
behaviors and scenarios. However, Model S should
droppings, tree resin, tar spots, dead insects,
generally be serviced on an as-needed basis; depending
industrial fallout, etc.) to prevent damage to the paint
on various circumstances such as driving behavior,
(see Cleaning on page 170).
usage, environmental conditions, etc., the above
maintenance items may need to be replaced more or
less frequently than specified. Additionally, the above list Monthly Checks
should not be considered comprehensive and does not
include consumable parts such as windshield wipers,
brake pads, etc. • Check windshield washer fluid level and top up if
necessary (see Topping Up Windshield Washer Fluid
NOTE: Damages or failures caused by maintenance or on page 175).
repairs performed by non-Tesla certified technicians are
not covered by the warranty. • Check that the air conditioning system is operating
correctly (see Climate Controls on page 118).
Schedule Service NOTE: In addition to cooling the interior, the air

conditioning compressor also cools the Battery.
Scheduling a service visit through the mobile app is Therefore, in hot weather, the air conditioning
easy. After touching Schedule Service, select the type of compressor can turn on even if you turned it off. This is
service needed and follow the directions in the mobile normal because the system’s priority is to cool the
app. Provide as much detail as possible, such as: Battery to ensure it stays within an optimum
temperature range to support longevity and optimum
• Photos, sound recordings, or videos. performance. Also, even when not in use, you may hear
Model S emit a whining noise or the sound of water
• Date(s), time(s), and time zone when the issue
circulating. These sounds are normal and occur when
occurred.
the internal cooling systems turn on to support various
• Country of use and location. vehicle functions, such as maintaining the low voltage
• Approximate speed the vehicle was traveling (if battery and balancing the temperature of the high
applicable). voltage Battery.
Maintenance 163
Maintenance
WARNING: Contact Tesla immediately if you notice
any significant or sudden drop in fluid levels or
uneven tire wear.
Fluid Replacement Intervals

Your Battery coolant does not need to be replaced for
the life of your vehicle under most circumstances. Brake
fluid should be checked every 2 years, replacing if
necessary.
NOTE: Any damage caused by opening the Battery

coolant reservoir is excluded from the warranty.
High Voltage Safety

Your Model S has been designed and built with safety as
a priority. However, be aware of these precautions to
protect yourself from the risk of injury inherent in all
high-voltage systems:
• Read and follow all instructions provided on the

labels that are attached to Model S. These labels are
there for your safety.
• The high voltage system has no user-serviceable
parts. Do not disassemble, remove or replace high
voltage components, cables or connectors. High
voltage cables are colored orange for easy
identification.
• If a collision occurs, do not touch any high voltage
wiring, connectors, or components connected to the
wiring.
• In the unlikely event that a fire occurs, immediately
contact your local fire emergency responders.
WARNING: Always disconnect the charge cable

before working underneath Model S, even if
charging is not in progress.
WARNING: Keep your hands and clothing away
from cooling fans. Some fans operate even when
Model S is powered off.
WARNING: Some fluids (battery acid, Battery
coolant, brake fluid, windshield washer additives,
etc.) used in vehicles are poisonous and should not
be inhaled, swallowed, or brought into contact
with open wounds. For your safety, always read
and follow instructions printed on fluid containers.

Tire Care and Maintenance
Displaying Tire Pressures WARNING: Under-inflation is the most common
cause of tire failures and can cause a tire to
overheat, resulting in severe tire cracking, tread
You can display tire pressures on the instrument panel separation, or blowout, resulting in unexpected
by using the right or left steering wheel buttons to loss of vehicle control and increased risk of injury.
display Car Status (see Using Left Steering Wheel Under-inflation also reduces the vehicle's range
Buttons on page 39 or Using Right Steering Wheel and tire tread life.
Buttons on page 40). You can also choose whether you
want to display tire pressures using Bar or PSI by WARNING: Check tire pressures using an accurate
touching Controls > Display > Tire Pressure. pressure gauge when tires are cold. It takes only
about 1.6 kms of driving to warm up the tires
sufficiently to affect tire pressures. Parking the
Maintaining Tire Pressures vehicle in direct sunlight or in hot weather can also
affect tire pressures. If you must check warm tires,
Keep tires inflated to the pressures shown on the Tire expect increased pressures. Do not let air out of
Information label, even if it differs from the pressure warm tires in an attempt to match recommended
printed on the tire itself. The Tire and Loading cold tire pressures. A hot tire at or below the
Information label is located on the center door pillar and recommended cold tire inflation pressure is
is visible when the front door is open. dangerously under-inflated.
Checking and Adjusting Tire Pressures
Follow these steps when tires are cold and Model S has
been stationary for over three hours:
1. Refer to the Tire Information label located on the

driver’s center door pillar for the target tire pressure.
2. Remove the valve cap.
3. Firmly press an accurate tire pressure gauge onto the
valve to measure pressure.
4. If required, add or remove air to reach the
recommended pressure.
NOTE: You can release air by pressing the metal stem
in the center of the valve.
5. Re-check pressure using the accurate tire gauge.

The Tire Pressure indicator light on the
6. Repeat steps 3 and 4 as necessary until the tire
instrument panel alerts you if one or more
pressure is correct.
tires is under- or over-inflated.
7. Reinstall the valve cap to prevent dirt from entering.
Periodically check the valve for damage and leaks.
The Tire Pressure indicator light does not immediately

turn off when you adjust tire pressure. After inflating the
Inspecting and Maintaining Tires
tire to the recommended pressure, you must drive over
Regularly inspect the tread and side walls for any sign of
25 km/h for a short amount of time to activate the Tire
distortion (bulges), foreign objects, cuts or wear.
Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), which turns off the
Tire Pressure indicator light.
WARNING: Do not drive Model S if a tire is
damaged, excessively worn, or inflated to an
If the indicator light flashes for one minute whenever
incorrect pressure. Check tires regularly for wear,
you power on Model S, a fault with the TPMS is detected
and ensure there are no cuts, bulges or exposure
(see TPMS Malfunction on page 168).
of the ply/cord structure.
NOTE: Your vehicle’s tire pressures will drop in cold
ambient temperatures. If the TPMS indicator light
appears, inflate the tires before driving. The tires will
lose one PSI for every 6° C drop in outside temperature.
Proper tire pressures help protect tires from potholes
and improve range when properly inflated.
Maintenance 165
Tire Wear NOTE: In some cases, you can temporarily repair small
tire punctures (under 6 mm) using an optional tire repair
kit available from Tesla. This allows you to slowly drive
Adequate tread depth is important for proper tire
Model S to Tesla or to a nearby tire repair facility.
performance. Tires with a tread depth less than 3 mm
are more likely to hydroplane in wet conditions and WARNING: Do not drive with a punctured tire that
should not be used. Tires with a tread depth less than has not been repaired, even if the puncture has not
4 mm do not perform well in snow and slush and should caused the tire to deflate. A punctured tire can
not be used when driving in winter conditions. deflate suddenly at any time.
Model S is originally fitted with tires that have wear

indicators molded into the tread pattern. When the
Flat Spots
tread has been worn down to 3 mm, the indicators start
to appear at the surface of the tread pattern, producing If Model S is stationary for a long period, tires can form
the effect of a continuous band of rubber across the flat spots. When Model S is driven, these flat spots cause
width of the tire. For optimal performance and safety, a vibration which gradually disappears as the tires warm
Tesla recommends replacing tires before the wear up and regain their original shape.
indicators are visible.
To minimize flat spots during storage, inflate tires to the
maximum pressure indicated on the tire wall. Then,
Tire Rotation, Balance, and Wheel before driving, release air to adjust tire pressure to the
Alignment recommended levels.
Tesla recommends rotating the tires every 10,000 km or Improving Tire Mileage
if tread depth difference is 1.5 mm or greater, whichever
comes first. To improve the mileage you get from your tires, maintain
tires at the recommended tire pressures, observe speed
Tire rotation is an essential part of tire maintenance. It
limits and advisory speeds, and avoid:
helps maintain an even treadwear pattern which
enhances the tire's overall wear quality, decreases road
• Pulling away quickly, or hard acceleration.
noise and maximizes tire life.
• Fast turns and heavy braking.
Vehicles with staggered tires can be rotated side-to-side
• Potholes and objects in the road.
(left-to-right) but not front-to-back as the front and rear
tire size is different. • Hitting curbs when parking.
• Contaminating tires with fluids that can cause
Unbalanced wheels (sometimes noticeable as vibration
damage.
through the steering wheel) affect vehicle handling and
tire life. Even with regular use, wheels can get out of
balance. Therefore, they should be balanced as required. Replacing Tires and Wheels
If tire wear is uneven (on one side of the tire only) or
becomes abnormally excessive, check the alignment of Tires degrade over time due to the effects of ultraviolet
wheels. light, extreme temperatures, high loads, and
environmental conditions. It is recommended that tires
are replaced every six years, or sooner if required, even if
Punctured Tires tread depth is above the minimum.
A puncture eventually causes the tire to lose pressure, When a tire set becomes worn, replace all four tires at
which is why it is important to check tire pressures the same time. Choose a Tesla-approved tire which is
frequently. Permanently repair or replace punctured or designed specifically for your vehicle. Most Tesla-
damaged tires as soon as possible. approved tires can be identified with a Tx specification
(for example, T0, T1, T2). Tesla-approved tires are
Your tubeless tires may not leak when penetrated, designed to reduce road noise and optimize handling,
provided the object remains in the tire. If, however, you ride, and range. Contact Tesla Service for information.
feel a sudden vibration or ride disturbance while driving,
or you suspect a tire is damaged, immediately reduce If tires need to be replaced early, for example due to a
your speed. Drive slowly, while avoiding heavy braking flat tire, we recommend replacing the tires in pairs
or sharp steering and, when safe to do so, stop the unless the other tires are within 1.5 mm of tread depth of
vehicle. Arrange to have Model S transported to a Tesla the new tire. When replacing tires, it is important to
Service Center, or to a nearby tire repair center. match the brand and model of the older tires. Always
place a pair of new tires on the rear if all four tires are
the same size. Always balance the wheel and tire after
replacing a tire. Consult with a professional tire retailer
and installer for further guidance.

NOTE: Regardless of the number of tires replaced, a 1. Align the aero cover into position so that the notch at
complete set of matching tires is recommended for the base of the Tesla "T" is aligned with the tire's
optimum performance. valve stem.
If tires other than those specified are used, ensure that 2. Push firmly around the perimeter of the aero cover
the load and speed ratings marked on the tire (see until it fully snaps into place.
Understanding Tire Markings on page 187) equal or CAUTION: To prevent the aero cover from
exceed those of the original specification. falling off, ensure that it is fully secured before
driving.
For the specification of the original wheels and tires
installed on Model S, see Wheels and Tires on page 186.
If you replace a wheel, the TPMS (Tire Pressure

Wheel Configuration
Monitoring System) sensors need to be reset to ensure
they provide accurate warnings when tires are under- or If you are installing new wheels or swapping them for
over-inflated (see Resetting the TPMS Sensors on page different ones, update your vehicle's wheel configuration
168). by touching Controls > Service > Wheel Configuration.
This allows Model S to learn the new wheels and provide
WARNING: For your safety, use only tires and more accurate status updates on your vehicle. Select a
wheels that match the original specification. Tires wheel from the drop down menu that matches the new
that do not match the original specification can wheels you plan to install on Model S. Selecting new
affect the operation of the TPMS. wheels in the wheel configuration also changes the
wheels that appear on your vehicle's avatar on the
WARNING: Never exceed the speed rating of your
touchscreen.
vehicle's tires. The speed rating is shown on the
sidewall of your tires (see Understanding Tire Ensure you are aware if your vehicle is equipped with
Markings on page 187). staggered wheels, meaning the wheels are different
sizes in the front and rear. Check the front and rear tire
Asymmetric Tires sizes marked on the tire sidewall to see if they match or
are different sizes. If the wheels are staggered, take
Model S tires are asymmetric and must be mounted on extra precaution to ensure the new wheels you install are
the wheel with the correct sidewall facing outward. The staggered in the same way as the previous wheels.
sidewall of the tire is marked with the word OUTSIDE.
NOTE: Changing your vehicle's wheel configuration can
When new tires are installed, make sure that the tires are
impact range estimates, tire pressure warning levels, and
correctly mounted on the wheels.
vehicle visualization.
WARNING: Only use Tesla-approved wheels when
installing or swapping wheels. Using non Tesla-
approved wheels can cause serious damage. Tesla
is not liable for damage caused by using wheels
not approved by Tesla.
Tire Pressure Monitoring

WARNING: Road holding is seriously impaired if
Each tire should be checked monthly when cold and
the tires are incorrectly installed on the wheels.
inflated to the recommended pressures that are printed
on the Tire Information label located on the driver’s door
Removing and Installing Aero Covers pillar (see Maintaining Tire Pressures on page 165). If
your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size
If your Model S is equipped with aero covers, you must indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure
remove them to access the lug nuts. label, determine the proper tire inflation pressure for
those tires.
To remove an aero cover:
As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been
equipped with a TPMS that displays a tire pressure
1. Grasp the aero cover firmly with both hands.
telltale (Tire Pressure Warning) on the instrument panel
2. Pull the aero cover toward you to release the when one or more of your tires is significantly under- or
retaining clips. over-inflated. Accordingly, when the Tire Pressure
indicator light displays on the instrument panel to alert
To install an aero cover: you about tire pressure, stop and check your tires as
soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pressure
(see Maintaining Tire Pressures on page 165). Driving on
a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to
Maintenance 167
overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also Replacing a Tire Sensor
reduces range efficiency and tire tread life, and may
affect the vehicle's handling and stopping ability.
If the Tire Pressure warning indicator displays frequently,
contact Tesla to determine if a tire sensor needs to be
If Model S detects a fault with the TPMS, replaced. If a non-Tesla Service Center repairs or
this indicator flashes for one minute replaces a tire, the tire sensor may not work until Tesla
whenever you power on Model S. performs the setup procedure.
TPMS Malfunction
NOTE: Installing accessories that are not approved by
Tesla can interfere with the TPMS. Model S has also been equipped with a TPMS
WARNING: The TPMS is not a substitute for proper malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not
tire maintenance, including manually checking tire operating properly.
pressures and regularly inspecting the condition of
tires. It is the driver's responsibility to maintain The TPMS malfunction indicator is
correct tire pressure, even if under- or over- combined with the tire pressure indicator
inflation has not reached the level for the TPMS to light. When the system detects a
trigger the Tire Pressure Warning on the malfunction, the indicator flashes for
instrument panel. approximately one minute, then remains
continuously lit. This sequence continues
upon subsequent vehicle start-ups as long
Resetting the TPMS Sensors as the malfunction exists. When the TPMS
malfunction indicator is on, the system
After replacing one or more wheels (but not after might not be able to detect or signal
replacing a tire or rotating wheels), the TPMS sensors under- or over-inflated tires as intended.
need to be reset to ensure tire pressure warnings are
accurate.
TPMS malfunctions can occur for a variety of reasons,
including installing replacement or alternate tires or
On newer versions of Model S, the TPMS sensors are
wheels that prevent the TPMS from functioning properly.
reset automatically after driving over 25 km/h for longer
Always check the TPMS malfunction indicator light after
than 10 minutes. But for older versions, follow these
replacing one or more tires or wheels on your vehicle to
steps:
ensure that the replacement tires or wheels allow the
TPMS to continue to function properly.
1. Inflate all tires to their recommended pressures, as
indicated on the Tire Information label located on the NOTE: If a tire has been replaced or repaired using a
door pillar. different tire sealant than the one available from Tesla,
2. Get ready to drive for ten minutes, then touching and a low tire pressure is detected, it is possible that the
Controls > Service > Reset TPMS Sensors. tire sensor has been damaged. Contact Tesla to have the
fault repaired as soon as possible.
3. Follow the onscreen instructions.
CAUTION: Selecting the incorrect wheel size
may result in false tire pressure warnings. If a
Seasonal Tire Types
tire pressure warning displays, exit the vehicle,
close the rear trunk and all doors, wait for the Understand Your Tire Type
touchscreen to go black, then re-enter the
vehicle and ensure that the correct wheel size is
The type of tires that your vehicle is originally equipped
selected before touching Reset TPMS Sensors.
with depends on vehicle model and market region. It is
important to understand the capabilities of your
NOTE: On some older versions of Model S, when vehicle's tires and whether they are suited for summer,
changing to 21" wheels, the TPMS may generate false all-season, or winter driving. Check the information on
tire pressure warnings. Bring Model S to a Tesla Service the sidewall of a tire for information about a tire's
Center for further adjustment. performance characteristics (see Understanding Tire
Markings on page 187)
WARNING: Do not reset the TPMS sensors in an
attempt to clear tire pressure warnings.
Summer and All-Season Tires
Summer tires and all season tires are designed for

maximum dry and wet road performance but are not
designed to perform well in winter conditions. All-
season tires are designed to provide adequate traction
in most conditions year-round, but may not provide the

same level of traction as winter tires in snowy or icy
conditions. All-season tires can be identified by “ALL
Using Tire Chains
SEASON" and/or "M+S” (mud and snow) on the tire
sidewall. Tesla has tested and approved the following tire chains
to increase traction in snowy conditions. Tire chains
If driving in cold temperatures or on roads where snow should only be installed on the rear tires. The approved
or ice may be present, Tesla recommends using winter tire chains can be purchased from Tesla.
tires. If not equipped with winter tires, contact Tesla for
winter tire recommendations. Tire Size Recommended Chain
WARNING: In cold temperatures or on snow or ice, 19" KONIG K-SUMMIT K45

summer and all-season tires do not provide
adequate traction. Selecting and installing the Do not use tire chains on 21" tires.
appropriate tires for winter conditions is important
to ensure the safety and optimum performance of When installing tire chains, follow the instructions and
your Model S. warnings provided by the tire chain manufacturer. Mount
them evenly and as tight as possible.
Winter Tires When using tire chains:
Use winter tires to increase traction in snowy or icy • Inspect the tire chains for loose fittings and damaged
conditions. When installing winter tires, always install a links before each use.
complete set of four tires at the same time. Winter tires
must be the same diameter, brand, construction and • Set air suspension (if equipped) to Standard and turn
tread pattern on all four wheels. Contact Tesla for winter off the Default Ride Height to Low setting (see Air
tire recommendations. Suspension on page 138).
• Avoid heavily loading Model S (heavy loads can
Winter tires can be identified by a reduce the clearance between the tires and the
mountain/snowflake symbol on the tire's body).
sidewall. • Do not drive the vehicle without the chains properly
installed.
• Drive slowly. Do not exceed 48 km/h.
When driving with winter tires, you may experience • Remove the tire chains as soon as conditions allow.
more road noise, shorter tread life, and less traction on
dry roads. NOTE: Tire chains are prohibited in some jurisdictions.
Check local laws before installing tire chains.
When equipped with winter tires, refer to the tire
warning label on the door pillar. CAUTION: Air suspension (if equipped ) should
remain in the Medium ride height setting to avoid
damage.
CAUTION: Using non-recommended tire chains, or
using tire chains on other sized tires can damage
the suspension, body, wheels, and/or brake lines.
Damage caused by using non-recommended tire
chains, or incorrectly installing tire chains, is not
Driving in Low Temperatures covered by the warranty.
Tire performance is reduced in low ambient CAUTION: Never deflate your tires to put on tire
temperatures, resulting in reduced grip and an increased chains. When re-inflated, the chains might fit too
susceptibility to damage from impacts. Performance tightly and cause tire damage.
tires (summer applications) have reduced traction in CAUTION: Ensure that the tire chains cannot touch
ambient temperatures below 5° C, and are not suspension components or brake lines. If you hear
recommended in snow/ice conditions. Performance tires the chains making unusual noises that would
can temporarily harden when cold, causing you to hear indicate contact with Model S, stop and investigate
rotational noise for the first few kilometers until the tires immediately.
warm up.
Maintenance 169
Cleaning
Cleaning the Exterior Cleaning a Camera
To prevent damage to the paint, immediately remove To ensure a clear picture, the camera lens must be clean
corrosive substances (bird droppings, tree resin, dead and free of obstructions. Remove any build-up of dirt or
insects, tar spots, road salt, industrial fallout, etc.). Do debris by spraying water onto the camera lens with a
not wait until Model S is due for a complete wash. If spray bottle or pressure washer.
necessary, use denatured alcohol to remove tar spots
and stubborn grease stains, then immediately wash the CAUTION: Do not attempt to remove dirt or debris
area with water and a mild, non-detergent soap to by wiping an exposed lens with your hands or a
remove the alcohol. cloth. This debris can damage the surface of the
lens when rubbed against it during wiping.
Keep the exterior cameras free of dirt, condensation, or CAUTION: Do not use chemical-based or abrasive
obstructions. These substances can cause unclear cleaners. Doing so can damage the surface of the
pictures or Autopilot and safety features to stop lens.
working (see Cleaning a Camera on page 170).
Follow these steps when washing the exterior of Cautions for Exterior Cleaning
Model S:
CAUTION: Do not wash in direct sunlight.
1. Rinse Thoroughly
CAUTION: Do not use windshield treatment fluids.
Before washing, flush grime and grit from the vehicle Doing so can interfere with wiper friction and
using a hose. Flush away accumulations of mud in cause a chattering sound.
areas where debris easily collects (such as wheel
wells and panel seams). If salt has been used on the CAUTION: Do not use hot water, detergents, or
highways (such as during winter months), thoroughly highly alkaline or caustic cleaning products,
rinse all traces of road salt from the underside of the especially those containing hydroxide.
vehicle, wheel wells, and brakes. CAUTION: If using a pressure washer, maintain a
distance of at least 30 cm between the nozzle and
2. Hand Wash the surface of Model S. Avoid aiming the water jet
directly at parking sensors (if equipped). Keep the
Hand wash Model S using a clean soft cloth and cold
nozzle moving and do not concentrate the water
or lukewarm water containing a mild, high-quality car
jet on any one area.
shampoo.
CAUTION: Do not aim water hoses directly at
CAUTION: Some cleaners and car shampoos
windows, door, or hood seals or at electronic
contain chemicals that can cause damage or
modules or exposed cabling.
discoloration, especially to plastic trim pieces,
lamps, or camera lenses. For example, some car CAUTION: To avoid corrosive damage that may
cleaning formulas contain hydroxide or other not be covered by the warranty, rinse away any
highly alkaline or caustic ingredients that can road salt from the underside of the vehicle, wheel
damage exterior components. Damage or wells, and brakes. After cleaning the vehicle, dry
discoloration resulting from cleaning products the brakes by going on a short drive and applying
is not covered by the warranty. the brakes multiple times.
CAUTION: Avoid using tight-napped or rough
3. Rinse with Clean Water
cloths, such as washing mitts. A high-quality
After washing, rinse with clean water to prevent soap microfiber cleaning cloth is recommended.
from drying on the surfaces. CAUTION: If washing in an automatic car wash, use
touchless car washes only. These car washes have
4. Dry Thoroughly and Clean Exterior Glass no parts (brushes, etc.) that touch the surfaces of
Model S. Some touchless car washes use caustic
After washing and rinsing, dry thoroughly with a solutions that, over time, can cause discoloration
chamois. If necessary, dry the brakes by going on a of decorative exterior trim. Avoid exposure to
short drive and applying the brakes multiple times. soaps and chemicals above pH 13. If unsure, check
the product label or ask the staff at the car wash.
Clean windows and mirrors using an automotive glass Damage caused by improper washing is not
cleaner. Do not scrape, or use any abrasive cleaning covered by the warranty.
fluid on glass or mirrored surfaces. CAUTION: If washing in an automatic car wash,
make sure the vehicle is locked. In addition, avoid
using controls on the touchscreen that can result
in accidentally opening doors or trunks while the
vehicle is being washed. Any damage caused is
not covered by the warranty.

Cleaning
CAUTION: Ensure the wipers are off before If equipped with leather seats, note that leather is prone
washing Model S to avoid the risk of damaging the to dye-transfer which can cause discoloration,
wipers. particularly on light colored leather. White and tan
leather is coated with an anti-soiling treatment. Using
CAUTION: Do not use chemical based wheel
detergents or commercially available leather cleaners
cleaners or pre-wash products. These can damage
and conditioners is not recommended because they can
the finish on the wheels.
discolor or dry out the leather.
WARNING: Never spray liquid at a high velocity
(for example, if using a pressure washer) towards Vacuum cloth seats as needed to remove any loose dirt.
the charge port while Model S is charging. Failure
to follow these instructions can result in serious CAUTION: Aftermarket, non-Tesla seat covers may
injury or damage to the vehicle, charging inhibit the sensitivity of a seat's occupancy sensors
equipment, or property. and may cause staining or damage.
Cleaning the Interior Carpets
Frequently inspect and clean the interior to maintain its Avoid over-wetting carpets. For heavily soiled areas, use
appearance and to prevent premature wear. If possible, a diluted upholstery cleaner.
immediately wipe up spills and remove marks. For
general cleaning, wipe interior surfaces using a soft cloth
(such as microfiber) dampened with a mixture of warm
Seat Belts
water and mild non-detergent cleaner (test all cleaners
on a concealed area before use). To avoid streaks, dry Extend the belts to wipe. Do not use any type of
immediately with a soft lint-free cloth. detergent or chemical cleaning agent. Allow the belts to
dry naturally while extended, preferably away from
direct sunlight.
Interior Glass
Do not scrape, or use any abrasive cleaning fluid on

Door Seals
glass or mirrored surfaces. This can damage the
reflective surface of the mirror and the heating elements Wipe door seals with a damp cloth to remove any
in the rear window. debris. Excessive debris on the door seals can cause
paint damage when contacting surrounding surfaces.
Avoid using alcohol wipes or any chemical products that
Airbags can potentially deteriorate the coating on the door seals.
Do not allow any substance to enter an airbag cover.

This could affect correct operation.
Tesla Built-In Rear Facing Child Seats
Vacuum the seats to remove any loose dirt. Wipe the

Dashboard and Plastic Surfaces seats with a soft cloth dampened with warm water. You
can also use an upholstery cleaner designed for
Do not polish the upper surfaces of the dashboard. automotive use. Extend the belts to wipe. Allow the
Polished surfaces are reflective and could interfere with belts to dry naturally, preferably away from direct
your driving view. sunlight.
Seats Touchscreen and Instrument Panel
Wipe spills and chemical residues from interior surfaces Clean the touchscreen and instrument panel using a soft
as soon as possible using a soft cloth moistened with lint-free cloth specifically designed to clean monitors
warm water and non-detergent soap. Wipe gently in a and displays. Do not use cleaners (such as a glass
circular motion. Then wipe dry using a soft, lint-free cleaner) or alcohol-based gel products (such as hand
cloth. sanitizer) and do not use a wet wipe or a dry statically-
charged cloth (such as a recently washed microfiber). To
Although seating surfaces are designed to repel stains, wipe the touchscreen without activating buttons and
Tesla recommends regular cleaning to maintain changing settings, you can enable Screen Clean Mode.
performance and an as-new appearance. Promptly treat Touch Controls > Display > Screen Clean Mode. The
dye transfer from clothing, such as indigo-dyed denim. display darkens to make it easy to see dust and
Avoid contact with harsh chemicals, including certain smudges. To exit Screen Clean Mode, press and hold
cosmetics. Never use cleaners containing alcohol or HOLD TO EXIT.
bleach. Spot-test cleaners on an inconspicuous area
before applying to visible surfaces.
Maintenance 171
Cleaning
Chrome and Metal Surfaces Using a Car Cover
Polish, abrasive cleaners, alcohol-based gel products To preserve the cosmetic appearance of the body when
(such as hand sanitizer), and hard cloths can damage Model S is not being used, use a genuine Tesla car cover.
the finish on chrome and metal surfaces. Car covers can be purchased from Tesla. See Parts and
Accessories on page 178.
Cautions for Interior Cleaning
CAUTION: Using solvents (including alcohol),

alcohol-based gel products (such as hand
sanitizer), bleach, citrus, naphtha, or silicone-based
products or additives on interior components can
cause damage.
CAUTION: Statically-charged materials can cause
damage to the touchscreen or instrument panel.
WARNING: If you notice any damage on an airbag
or seat belt, contact Tesla immediately.
WARNING: Do not allow any water, cleaners, or
fabric to enter a seat belt mechanism.
WARNING: Exposure to chemical cleaners can be
hazardous and can irritate eyes and skin. Read and
observe the instructions provided by the
manufacturer of the chemical cleaner. CAUTION: Use only a Tesla-approved car cover
when Model S is plugged in. Using a non-Tesla car
Polishing, Touch Up, and Body cover can prevent the Battery from being
adequately cooled during charging.
Repair
Floor Mats
To preserve the cosmetic appearance of the body, you
can occasionally treat the paint surfaces with an
To extend the life of your carpet and make them easier
approved polish containing:
to clean, use genuine Tesla floor mats (see Parts and
Accessories on page 178). Maintain floor mats by
• Very mild abrasive to remove surface contamination
regularly cleaning them and checking that they are
without removing or damaging the paint.
properly attached. Replace floor mats if they become
• Filling compounds that fill scratches and reduce their excessively worn.
visibility.
WARNING: To avoid potential interference with a
• Wax to provide a protective coating between the
foot pedal, ensure that the driver’s floor mat is
paint and environmental elements.
securely fastened, and never place an additional
floor mat on top of it. Floor mats should always
Regularly inspect the exterior paint for damage. Treat rest on top of the vehicle carpeting surface and
minor chips and scratches using a paint touch-up pen not on another floor mat or other covering.
(available for purchase from Tesla). Use the touch-up
pen after washing but before polishing or waxing.
Repair rock chips, fractures or scratches. Refer to

https://www.tesla.com/support/body-shop-support for
more information on repair locations and available
services.
CAUTION: Do not use cutting pastes, color

restoration compounds, or polishes containing
harsh abrasives. These can scour the surface and
permanently damage the paint.
CAUTION: Do not use chrome polish or other
abrasive cleaners.

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets
Checking and Cleaning Wiper CAUTION: Wiper blades do not lock into a lifted
position. Do not lift a wiper arm beyond its
Blades intended position.
Periodically clean the edge of the wiper blades and 4. Place a towel between the wiper arm and windshield
check the rubber for cracks, splits, and roughness. If to avoid scratching or cracking the windshield.
damaged, replace the blade immediately to prevent 5. Hold the wiper arm and press the locking tab while
damage to the glass and improve visibility. sliding the blade down the arm.
Contaminants on the windshield, or on the wiper blades,

can reduce the effectiveness of the wipers.
Contaminants include ice, wax spray from car washes,
washer fluid with bug and/or water repellent, bird
droppings, tree sap, and other organic substances.
Follow these guidelines for cleaning:
• Clean the windshield and wiper blades using washer

fluid, isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol, or non-abrasive
glass cleaner approved for use on automotive glass
and rubber. Inappropriate products can cause
damage or smears, and create glare on the
windshield.
• Lift the wiper arm a short distance away from the 6. Align the new wiper blade on the wiper arm and slide
windshield, just far enough to access the wiper blade. it toward the end of the wiper arm until it locks into
Do not lift a wiper arm beyond its intended position. place.
7. Turn Wiper Service Mode off to return the wipers to
If the wipers remain ineffective after cleaning, replace their normal position.
the wiper blades.
Replacing Wiper Blades Cleaning Washer Jets

The position of the windshield washers is set at the
For optimum performance, replace the wiper blades at
factory and should never need adjusting.
least once a year. Replacement blades must meet the
following criteria:
If a windshield washer becomes blocked, use a thin
strand of wire to clear any blockages from the nozzles.
• The blade on the driver's side must be 650 mm long
and 500 mm long for the blade on the passenger's
side.
• Ensure the connector on the replacement blade is the
same as the original blade. Different connectors may
prevent the replacement blade from connecting to
the wiper arm on the vehicle.
You can purchase replacement wiper blades on http://

www.tesla.com.
NOTE: Only install replacement blades that are identical

to the original blades. Using inappropriate blades can
damage the wiper system and windshield.
To replace the wiper blades:
1. Shift into Park and turn off the wipers.

2. Touch Controls > Service > Wiper Service Mode > ON
to move the wipers to the service position. WARNING: Do not operate the washers while
cleaning Model S. Windshield washer fluid can
3. Lift the wiper arm a short distance away from the irritate eyes and skin. Read and observe the
windshield, just far enough to access the wiper blade. washer fluid manufacturer’s instructions.
Maintenance 173
Fluid Reservoirs
Removing the Maintenance Panel
To check fluid levels, remove the maintenance panel:
1. Open the hood.

2. Pull the maintenance panel upward to release the
clips that hold it in place.
The fluid level should be between the MIN and the MAX
marks. If you notice that the fluid level has dropped
significantly, contact Tesla before using Model S.
Do Not Top Up Battery Coolant

CAUTION: The maintenance panel protects the
WARNING: Battery coolant can be hazardous and
front trunk from water. When re-attaching, make
can irritate eyes and skin. Under no circumstances
sure it is fully seated.
should you remove the filler cap and/or add
coolant. If the instrument panel warns you that the
Checking Battery Coolant fluid level is low, contact Tesla immediately.
Your Battery coolant should not need to be replaced for To maximize the performance and life of the Battery, the
the life of your vehicle under most circumstances. cooling system uses a specific mixture of G-48 ethylene-
However, if the quantity of fluid in the cooling system glycol coolant (HOAT). Contact Tesla for more specific
drops below the recommended level, the instrument information about the coolant.
panel displays a warning message. Stop driving Model S
as soon as safety permits and contact Tesla. Checking Brake Fluid
Fluid Level Check WARNING: Contact Tesla immediately if you notice
increased movement of the brake pedal or a
On a Rear Wheel Drive Model S, you can check the fluid significant loss of brake fluid. Driving under these
level visually. BUT DO NOT REMOVE THE FILLER CAP conditions can result in extended stopping
AND DO NOT ADD FLUID. Doing so can result in distances or complete brake failure.
damage not covered by the warranty. To check the fluid A red brake indicator on the instrument
level, park Model S on level ground. When Model S is panel alerts you if the quantity of fluid in
cool, remove the maintenance panel (see Removing the the brake reservoir drops below the
Maintenance Panel on page 174). The fluid level can be recommended level. If it displays while
seen by looking at the outside marks on the side of the driving, stop as soon as safety permits by
reservoir. gently applying the brakes. Do not
continue driving. Contact Tesla
immediately.
Fluid Level Check
Tesla checks the brake fluid level and health at the

regularly scheduled maintenance intervals. To check the
fluid level yourself, park Model S on level ground. When
Model S is cool, remove the maintenance panel (see
Removing the Maintenance Panel on page 174).

Fluid Reservoirs
Topping Up Windshield Washer
Fluid
The only reservoir into which you can add fluid is the
windshield washer fluid reservoir, which is located
behind the front trunk. When the level is low, a message
displays on the instrument panel.
To top up the washer fluid:
1. Open the hood.

2. Clean around the filler cap before opening it to
prevent dirt from entering the reservoir.
3. Open the filler cap.
4. While avoiding spilling, fill the reservoir until the fluid
level is visible just below the filler neck.
Check the fluid level visually by looking at the outside
marks on the side of the reservoir without removing the
filler cap.
The brake fluid level should always be between the MIN

and the MAX marks.
NOTE: Although brake fluid level drops slightly during

normal use as a result of brake pad wear, it should not
drop below the MIN mark.
Topping Up the Brake Fluid
Do not top up your brake fluid. The following

instructions are provided for information purposes and
future reference only:
1. Clean the filler cap before removing it to prevent dirt

from entering the reservoir.
2. Unscrew the cap and remove it.
3. Top up the reservoir to the MAX mark using the
appropriate brake fluid.
5. Wipe up any spills immediately and wash the
4. Reinstall the filler cap, ensuring it is fully secured. affected area with water.
6. Reinstall the filler cap.
WARNING: Only use new fluid from a sealed air-
tight container. Never use previously used fluid or
NOTE: Some national or local regulations restrict the use
fluid from a previously opened container—fluid
of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). VOCs are
absorbs moisture which decreases braking
commonly used as antifreeze in washer fluid. Use a
performance.
washer fluid with limited VOC content only if it provides
WARNING: Brake fluid is highly toxic. Keep adequate freeze resistance for all climates in which you
containers sealed and out of the reach of children. drive Model S.
In the event of accidental consumption, seek
NOTE: Local regulations prohibit the use of methanol-
medical attention immediately.
based washer fluid. Use ethanol-based washer fluid
CAUTION: Brake fluid damages painted surfaces. instead.
Immediately soak up any spills with an absorbent
CAUTION: Do not add formulated washer fluids
cloth and wash the area with a mixture of car
that contain water repellent or bug wash. These
shampoo and water.
fluids can cause streaking, smearing, and
squeaking or other noises.
Maintenance 175
Fluid Reservoirs
WARNING: In temperatures below 4° C, use a
washer fluid with antifreeze. In cold weather, using
a washer fluid without antifreeze can impair
visibility through the windshield.
WARNING: Windshield washer fluid can irritate
eyes and skin. Read and observe the instructions
provided by the washer fluid manufacturer.

Jacking and Lifting
Jacking Procedure WARNING: Never raise Model S when the charge
cable is connected, even if charging is not in
progress.
Follow the steps below to lift Model S. Ensure that any
non-Tesla repair facility is aware of these lifting points. WARNING: Do not work on an incorrectly
supported vehicle. Doing so can cause serious
1. Position Model S centrally between the lift posts. damage, bodily injury, or death.
2. If your Model S is equipped with air suspension, it CAUTION: DO NOT lift from under the Battery or
automatically self-levels, even when power is off (see side rails. Place the lift arm pads under the
Jack Mode on page 177). Use the touchscreen to set designated body lift points only. The locations
the suspension as follows: shown are the only approved lifting points for
Model S. Lifting at any other points can cause
◦ Touch Controls > Suspension.
damage. Damage caused by incorrectly lifting
◦ Press the brake pedal, then touch Very High to Model S is not covered by the warranty.
maximize the height of the suspension.
◦ Touch Controls > Service > Jack Mode to disable Jack Mode
self-leveling.
If Model S is equipped with air suspension, it
3. Position the lift arm pads under the designated body
automatically self-levels, even when power is off. To
lift points at the locations shown.
prevent damage when jacking or lifting the vehicle, you
WARNING: DO NOT position the lift arm pads must activate Jack mode to disable self-leveling. Jack
under the Battery or side rails, as shown in red. mode prevents the self-leveling that occurs even when
Model S is powered off.
Press the brake pedal, then touch Controls > Service >
Jack Mode.
To deactivate, touch Jack Mode again.
NOTE: Jack Mode automatically cancels when you drive

over 7 km/h.
NOTE: Model S also sets Jack mode automatically if it
detects that the vehicle cannot lower to its target
height, or if it detects that an object is supporting the
vehicle's weight (for example the bumper of the vehicle
is resting on a curb).
4. Adjust the height and position of the lift arm pads to

ensure that they are correctly located.
5. With assistance, raise the lift to the desired height,
ensuring the lift arm pads remain in their correct
positions.
6. Engage any lift safety locks. Follow the lift
manufacturer's instructions.
NOTE: Jack mode cancels when Model S is driven over

7 km/h.
NOTE: Jack mode may be unexpectedly enabled in
situations where an object is supporting the vehicle's
weight (for example the bumper of the vehicle is resting
on a curb).
WARNING: The air suspension system
automatically self-levels, even when power is off.
You MUST disable this system by engaging Jack
mode before lifting or jacking. If you do not
disable the air suspension, Model S can attempt to
self-level, causing serious damage, bodily injury, or
death.
Maintenance 177
Parts and Accessories
Parts, Accessories, and
Modifications
Use only genuine Tesla parts and accessories. Tesla
performs rigorous testing on parts to ensure their
suitability, safety, and reliability. Purchase these parts
from Tesla, where they are professionally installed and
where you can receive expert advice about
modifications to Model S. Accessories are available for
purchase from Tesla stores or online at www.tesla.com.
NOTE: Some accessories may not be available in your

market region.
Tesla is unable to assess parts manufactured by other

distributors and therefore accepts no responsibility if
you use non-Tesla parts on Model S.
WARNING: Installing non-approved parts and

accessories, or performing non-approved
modifications, can affect the performance of
Model S and the safety of its occupants. Any
damage caused by using or installing non-
approved parts, or by performing non-approved
modifications, is not covered by the warranty.
WARNING: Tesla does not accept liability for
death, personal injury or damage that occurs if you
use or install non-approved accessories or make
non-approved modifications.
Body Repairs
If your Model S is in a collision, contact Tesla or a Tesla-
approved Body Shop to ensure that it is repaired with
genuine Tesla parts. Tesla has selected and approved
body shops that meet strict requirements for training,
equipment, quality, and customer satisfaction.
Some repair shops and insurance companies might

suggest using non-original equipment or salvaged parts
to save money. However, these parts do not meet Tesla's
high standards for quality, fit and corrosion resistance. In
addition, non-original equipment and salvaged parts
(and any damage or failures they might cause) are not
covered by the warranty.
Using RFID Transponders

Model S has a metallic coating on the windshield that
can interfere with signals sent from RFID transponders
used by many toll systems. Most Model S vehicles,
depending on date of manufacture, include an area in
the windshield in which the metallic coating is cut out to
accommodate transponders. This area, located on the
right side of the rear view mirror, is the best location to
mount a transponder. If your vehicle does not include
this cut out area, mount the transponder to the rear
window.
NOTE: You can also attach a weather-proof transponder

to the front license plate.

Identification Labels
Vehicle Identification Number
You can find the VIN at the following locations:
• Touch Controls > Software.

• Stamped on a plate located at the top of the
dashboard. Can be seen by looking through the
windshield.
• On vehicles manufactured as of August 2015, the VIN
is stamped on the chassis and can be seen by
removing the sill panel on the front passenger door
by gently prying it upward using a flat-bladed tool.
CAUTION: Removing the sill panel to view the
VIN is not recommended because damage is
likely to occur. The panel is held in place with
fragile clips that break easily. Damage caused
by removing the sill panel is not covered by the
warranty.
Specifications 179
Vehicle Loading
Vehicle Labeling
It is important to understand your vehicle's original tire
sizes and pressures, and the GVWR (Gross Vehicle
Weight Rating) and GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating).
This information can be found on two labels attached to
Model S.
Never change this label, even if you use different tires in

the future.
NOTE: If Model S is loaded to its full capacity, double

check all tires to ensure they are inflated to their
recommended pressure levels.
Statutory Plate
In addition to the VIN, the Statutory Plate provides:
• GVWR - Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. The maximum

allowable total mass of Model S. This is calculated as
the weight of Model S, all passengers, fluids, and
cargo.
• GAWR - Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front and
rear axles. The GAWR is the maximum distributed
1. Tire Information Label weight that each axle can support.
2. Statutory Plate
WARNING: Overloading Model S has an adverse

effect on braking and handling, which can
compromise your safety or cause damage.
CAUTION: Never load more than 300 lbs (136 kg)
in the front trunk. Doing so can cause damage.
CAUTION: Never load more than 175 lbs (80 kg) in
the upper compartment of the rear trunk or more
than 285 lbs (130 kg) in the lower compartment.
Doing so can cause damage.
CAUTION: To prevent damage, never load Model S
CAUTION: Never store large amounts of liquid in so that it is heavier than GVWR or exceeds the
Model S. A significant spill can cause electrical individual GAWR weights.
components to malfunction.
Tire Information Label Towing a Trailer

WARNING: Do not use Model S for towing
The Tire Information label provides: purposes. Model S does not support a trailer hitch.
Installing one could cause damage and increase
• The maximum number of occupant seating positions. the risk of a collision.
• The size of the original tires. CAUTION: Using Model S for towing may void the
• The cold inflation pressures for the original front and warranty.
rear tires. These pressures are recommended to
optimize ride and handling characteristics. Roof Racks
Label Format: A Model S equipped with a glass roof, or a panoramic
sunroof, can carry up to 165 lbs (75 kg) using a Tesla-
approved roof rack (see Parts and Accessories on page
178).A Model S equipped with a solid body color roof is
incompatible with roof racks.

Vehicle Loading
CAUTION: Do not use roof racks, or place any
load, on the roof of a Model S that is equipped
with a solid color roof. Doing so can cause
significant damage.
Specifications 181
Dimensions
Exterior Dimensions
A Overall Length 196 in 4,970 mm
Overall Width (including mirrors) 86.2 in 2,189 mm

B
Overall Width (excluding mirrors) 77.3 in 1,964 mm
C Overall Height 56.9 in* 1,445 mm*

D Wheel Base 116.5 in 2,960 mm
E Overhang - Front 36.9 in 929 mm
F Overhang - Rear 42.55 in 1,081 mm
G Ground Clearance - Coil Suspension (Rear Wheel Drive vehicle) 5.5 in* 139.7 mm*
G Ground Clearance - Coil Suspension (All-Wheel Drive vehicle) 5.3 in* 134.6 mm*
G Ground Clearance - Air Suspension 4.6 - 6.3 in 116.8 - 160 mm
Track - Front 65.4 in 1,662 mm

H
Track - Rear 66.9 in 1,700 mm
*Values are approximate. Dimensions can vary depending on a vehicle's options and various other factors.
Interior Dimensions
Front 38.8 in 986 mm

Head Room
Rear 35.3 in 897 mm
Front 42.7 in 1,085 mm

Leg Room
Rear 35.4 in 899 mm
Front 57.7 in 1,466 mm

Shoulder Room
Rear 55 in 1,397 mm

Dimensions
Front 55 in 1,397 mm
Hip Room
Rear 54.7 in 1,389 mm
Cargo Volume
Total cargo volume (rear seats not folded) 28.4 cu ft 804.2 L
Rear cargo volume 26.3 cu ft 744.7 L
Rear cargo volume (with seats folded down) 58.1 cu ft 1,645.2 L
Front cargo volume 2.1 cu ft 59.5 L
Specifications 183
Subsystems
Motor Type
Front Motor AC permanent magnet synchronous motor, liquid-cooled, with variable frequency drive
Rear Motor AC induction motor, liquid-cooled, with variable frequency drive
Nominal Voltage 320 volts
Transmission
Type Single speed fixed gear

Overall Final Drive Ratio
Small motor: 9.3:1
Large motor: 9.7:1
Reverse Gear Reverse direction of motor, limited to 24 km/h
Steering
Steering Specifications
Type Variable ratio rack and pinion with electronic power steering, speed sensitive
Number of turns lock to lock 2.33
Turning Circle (curb to curb) 40.3 ft/12.3 m
Brakes
Brakes Specifications
4-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS) with Electronic Brake
Type Force Distribution, Integrated Advanced Stability Control and
Electronic Accelerator pedal actuated regenerative braking system
Calipers
Front: Four piston, fixed
Rear: Single piston, floating
Rotor Diameters (ventilated) Front: 13.98”/355 mm

Rear: 14.37”/365 mm
New: 1.26”/32 mm
Front Rotor thickness
Service limit: 1.18”/30 mm
Rear Rotor thickness New: 1.10”/28 mm
Service limit: 1.02”/26 mm
Front Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back
0.346”/8.8 mm
plate)

Subsystems
Brakes Specifications
Rear Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back
0.354”/9 mm
plate)
Parking brake Electrically actuated parking brake calipers
Front: .31"/8 mm
Brake Disc Friction Pair
Rear: .28"/7 mm
Suspension
Suspension Specifications
Front Independent, double wishbone, air spring or coil spring/telescopic damper, sway bar
Rear Independent, multi-link, air spring or coil spring/telescopic damper, sway bar (air suspension vehicles
only)
Battery - Low Voltage

Battery - Low Voltage Specifications
Rating 33 amp hour or higher
Voltage and Polarity Low voltage negative (-) ground
Battery - High Voltage

Battery - High Voltage Specifications
Type Liquid-cooled lithium ion (Li-ion)
Nominal Voltage 350 V DC
Temperature Range Do not expose Model S to ambient temperatures above 60° C or below -30° C for more
than 24 hours at a time.
Specifications 185
Wheels and Tires
Wheel Specifications (Factory)

Wheel Type Location Size Offset
19" Front 8.0J x 19 1.575" (40 mm)
19" Rear 8.0J x 19 1.575" (40 mm)
19" Front 8.5J x 19 1.378" (35 mm)
19" Rear 8.5J x 19 1.378" (35 mm)
21" Front 8.5J x 21 1.575" (40 mm)
21" Rear 8.5J x 21 1.575" (40 mm)
21" Performance Plus vehicles Rear 9.0J x 21 1.575" (40 mm)
Lug Nut Torque 129 lb. ft (175 Nm)

Lug Nut Socket Size 21 mm
NOTE: For instructions on how to jack/lift Model S, see Jacking and Lifting on page 177.
Tire Specifications (Factory)

Tire Type Location Size
19" wheels All P245/45R19
21" wheels
Front P245/35R21
Rear P265/35R21*
*On a Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicle, the width of the rear tires may vary depending on date of
manufacture. Some vehicles may be equipped with P245/35R21 tires on both front and rear.
Tire pressures vary depending on the type of tires fitted. Refer to the tire pressures printed on the Tire Information
label. This label is located on the center door pillar and is visible when the driver’s door is open (see Maintaining
Tire Pressures on page 165).
Winter tires can be purchased from a Tesla service center or may be available for purchase on the Tesla web site.

Wheels and Tires
Understanding Tire Markings

Laws require tire manufacturers to place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires. This information
identifies and describes the fundamental characteristics of the tire.
1 Tire category. P indicates that the tire is for passenger vehicles.

2 Tire width. This 3-digit number is the width (in millimeters) of the tire from sidewall edge to sidewall edge.
3 Aspect ratio. This 2-digit number is the sidewall height as a percentage of the tread width. So, if the tread
width is 205 mm, and the aspect ratio is 50, the sidewall height is 102 mm.
4 Tire construction. R indicates that the tire is of Radial ply construction.
5 Wheel diameter. This 2-digit number is the diameter of the wheel rim in inches.
6 Load index. This 2 or 3-digit number is the weight each tire can support. This number is not always shown.
Specifications 187
Wheels and Tires
7 Speed rating. When stated, indicates the maximum speed (in mph) at which the tire can be used for extended
periods. Q=99 mph (160 km/h), R=106 mph (170 km/h), S=112 mph (180 km/h), T=118 mph (190 km/h),
U=124 mph (200 km/h), H=130 mph (210 km/h), V=149 mph (240 km/h), W=168 mph (270 km/h), Y=186 mph
(300 km/h), (Y)=vehicle's top speed (exceeds the "Y" rating).
8 Tire composition and materials. The number of plies in both the tread area and the sidewall area indicates how
many layers of rubber coated material make up the structure of the tire. Information is also provided on the
type of materials used.
9 Maximum tire load. The maximum load which can be carried by the tire.
10 Maximum permissible inflation pressure. This pressure should not be used for normal driving.
11 U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN). Begins with the letters DOT and indicates that the tire meets all
federal standards. The next 2 digits/letters represent the plant code where it was manufactured, and the last 4
digits represent the week and year of manufacture. For example, the number 1712 is used to represent the 17th
week of 2012. The other numbers are marketing codes used at the manufacturer’s discretion. This information
can be used to contact consumers if a tire defect requires a recall.
12 Treadwear grade. This number indicates the tire’s wear rate. The higher the treadwear number is, the longer it
should take for the tread to wear down. A tire rated at 400, for example, lasts twice as long as a tire rated at
200.
13 Traction grade. Indicates a tire’s ability to stop on wet roads. A higher graded tire should allow you to stop your
vehicle in a shorter distance than a tire with a lower grade. Traction is graded from highest to lowest as AA, A,
B, and C.
14 Temperature grade. The tire’s resistance to heat is grade A, B, or C, with A indicating the greatest resistance.
This grading is provided for a correctly inflated tire, which is being used within its speed and loading limits.

Contacting Tesla Roadside Assistance
Tesla Roadside Assistance is available to you 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, for the duration of your warranty
period. Tesla Roadside Assistance is also available to speak with roadside service professionals to answer any
questions and explain the proper procedure for transporting your vehicle.
When contacting Tesla Roadside Assistance, please provide:
• The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). The VIN is displayed when you touch Controls > Software. The VIN can
also been seen on the upper dashboard by looking through the driver's side of the windshield.
• Your exact location.
• The nature of the problem.
If available in your region, you can also expedite your request, by choosing the Roadside Assistance option in the
Tesla mobile app.
NOTE: For a detailed description of Tesla's Roadside Assistance policy, go to the support page on the Tesla web site
for your region.
Country-specific Phone Numbers

NOTE: The phone number is also available by touching Controls > Service.
Country Phone Number

Andorra Toll: +31 13 799 9501
Austria Local: 07208 80470
Belgium Local: 03 808 17 82
Bulgaria Local: 024 925 455
Croatia Local: 017 776 417
Cyprus Local: 022 030915
Czech Republic Local: 228 882 612
Denmark Local: 898 869 84
Estonia Local: 0880 3141
Finland Local: 075 3263818
France Local: 09 70 73 08 50
Germany Local: 08921 093303
Gibraltar Toll: +31 13 799 9513
Greece Local: 02111 984867
Hungary Local: 01 700 8549
Iceland Toll: 5395037
Ireland Local: 01 513 4727
Israel Local: 033751760
Italy Local: 069 480 1252
Latvia Local: 67859774
Liechtenstein Toll: +31 13 799 9520
Lithuania Local: 52140649
Luxembourg Local: 27 86 14 16
Roadside Assistance 189

Contacting Tesla Roadside Assistance
Country Phone Number
Malta Local: 02778 1126
Monaco Toll: +31 13 799 9524
Netherlands Local: 013 799 9525
Norway Local: 23 96 02 85
Poland Toll: 022 307 26 45
Portugal Local: 30 880 5628
Romania Local: 0316 301 257
San Marino Toll: +31 13 799 9531
Slovakia Local: 023 300 26 43
Slovenia Local: 08 288 00 33
Spain Local: 911 98 26 24
Sweden Local: 0775 88 80 36
Switzerland Local: 061 855 30 21
UK Local: 0162 845 0660

Instructions for Transporters
DO NOT TRANSPORT WITH If Model S must be transported without a flatbed truck,
then wheel lifts and dollies must be used to ensure that
WHEELS ON THE GROUND all four wheels are off of the ground. This method may
only be used for a maximum of 55 km, and must not
The front motor in Model S generates power when the exceed the manufacturer speed rating of the dollies.
wheels spin. Always transport Model S with all four tires With this method, Tesla recommends the vehicle facing
off the ground. Ensure that the tires are unable to spin at forward so that the front wheels are lifted and the rear
any time during transport. wheels are on dollies.
WARNING: NEVER TRANSPORT YOUR VEHICLE NOTE: Transporting Model S with the front wheels on
WITH THE TIRES IN A POSITION WHERE THEY dollies is not recommended, but may be done if an
CAN SPIN. DOING SO CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT external steering wheel lock is applied and care is taken
DAMAGE AND OVERHEATING. IN RARE CASES to prevent the front wheels from spinning. DO NOT
EXTREME OVERHEATING MAY CAUSE THE TRANSPORT YOUR VEHICLE IF THERE IS ANY CHANCE
SURROUNDING COMPONENTS TO IGNITE. OF THE FRONT WHEELS SPINNING.
CAUTION: Enable Transport Mode (see Activate

Transport Mode on page 192) before winching
Model S onto a flatbed truck (see Pull onto the
Flatbed Truck - With Tow Eye on page 192). If
Transport Mode is not available or the touchscreen
is not accessible, self-loading dollies or tire skates
must be used to load the vehicle into the approved
transportation position. Tesla is not responsible for
Do not transport Model S using any method that is not any damage caused by or during the transport of
specified by Tesla. Adhere to the instructions provided in Model S, including personal property damage or
the following sections and observe all warnings and damage caused by using self-loading dollies or tire
cautions provided. Damage caused by improper skates.
transporting of your vehicle is not covered by the
WARNING: Model S is equipped with high voltage
warranty.
components that may be compromised as a result
NOTE: Tesla is not liable or responsible for reimbursing of a collision (see High Voltage Components on
services not dispatched through Tesla Roadside page 154). Before transporting Model S, it is
Assistance. important to assume these components are
energized. Always follow high voltage safety
precautions (wearing personal protection
Approved Methods for Transporting equipment, etc.) until emergency response
professionals have evaluated the vehicle and can
NOTE: The tires are allowed to rotate slowly (under 5 accurately confirm that all high voltage systems
km/h) and for a very short distance (less than 10 are no longer energized. Failure to do so may
meters) only when Transport Mode is enabled (see result in serious injury.
Activate Transport Mode on page 192) while the vehicle
is being winched onto a flatbed truck or pulled out of a
parking space for repositioning. Exceeding these
Disable the Self-Leveling Air
boundaries can lead to significant damage and Suspension System
overheating that is not covered by the warranty.
If Model S is equipped with the air suspension system, it
A flatbed truck or comparable transport vehicle is the automatically self-levels, even when power is off. To
recommended method of transporting Model S. The prevent damage, you must activate Jack Mode to
vehicle can face either direction when using a flatbed. disable self-leveling:
1. Touch Controls > Suspension on the touchscreen.

2. Press the brake pedal, then touch Very High to
maximize height.
3. Touch Controls > Service > Jack Mode.

NOTE: Jack Mode cancels when driving speed exceeds 7
kph.
WARNING: Failure to activate Jack Mode on a
vehicle equipped with the air suspension system
can result in the vehicle becoming loose during
transport, which may cause significant damage.
Activate Transport Mode

Transport Mode keeps the parking brake disengaged
while winching Model S onto a flatbed truck. When
active, Transport Mode displays a message indicating
that the vehicle will remain free-rolling. The following are
required to enable Transport Mode:
• Low voltage power is required. You are unable to use

the touchscreen to activate Transport Mode if
Model S has no power.
• Model S must detect a key fob. Transport Mode is
available only when a key fob is detected.
To activate Transport Mode: NOTE: Keep the tow eye cover in a safe place so you
can replace it when towing is complete.
1. Ensure the vehicle is in Park.
3. Fully insert the tow eye into the opening, then turn it
2. Chock the tires or otherwise ensure Model S is counter-clockwise until securely fastened.
secure.
3. Press and hold the brake pedal, then on the
touchscreen, touch Controls > Service > Towing. The
touchscreen displays a message reminding you how
to properly transport Model S.
4. Press and hold the Transport Mode button until it
turns blue. Model S is now free-rolling and can slowly
be rolled (no faster than walking speed) or winched.
To cancel Transport Mode, shift Model S into Park.
NOTE: If Model S loses low voltage power after

Transport Mode is enabled, Transport Mode cancels.
CAUTION: If the electrical system is not working,
and you therefore cannot use the touchscreen to
activate Transport Mode, use self-loading dollies or
tire skates. Before doing so, always check the
manufacturer's specifications and recommended
loading capacity.
Pull onto the Flatbed Truck - With

Tow Eye 4. Attach the winch cable to the tow eye.
CAUTION: Before pulling, make sure the tow
1. Locate the tow eye.
eye is securely fastened.
2. Remove the tow eye cover by inserting a small flat
screwdriver into the slot located along the top of the 5. Activate Transport Mode by touching Controls >
cover, then prying gently to release the cover from Service > Towing.
the top snap. 6. Pull Model S slowly onto the flatbed truck.

Pull onto the Flatbed Truck - CAUTION: Attaching the tie-down straps to the
chassis, suspension or other parts of the vehicle's
Without Tow Eye body may cause damage.
CAUTION: To avoid damage, only pull the vehicle

onto a flatbed truck using a properly-installed tow
eye. Using the chassis, frame, or suspension
components to pull the vehicle can result in
damage.
WARNING: If the vehicle is pulled onto the flatbed
truck without a tow eye, all suspension fasteners
should be checked for proper torque and all
components should be visually inspected for
damage prior to driving the vehicle again. If a
fastener is loose, or if any damage is found, the
affected component(s) should be replaced.
It is strongly recommended that you connect the winch

to your vehicle's tow eye, as described previously.
However, if a situation arises in which the tow eye is not
available (lost, misplaced, etc.), the following
instructions describe how to attach tow straps.
1. Attach the tow straps to each of the lower

suspension arms underneath the front of the vehicle.
2. To protect the underbody from damage, place a

protective barrier (such as a piece of wood) between
the tow strap and underbody.
3. Activate Transport Mode by touching Controls >
Service > Towing.
4. Pull Model S slowly onto the flatbed truck.
Secure the Tires

The vehicle's tires must be secured onto the truck using
the eight-point tie-down method.
• Ensure any metal parts on the tie-down straps do not

contact painted surfaces or the face of the wheels.
• Do not place tie-down straps over body panels or
through the wheels.

About this Owner Information
Document Applicability
For the latest and greatest information that is
customized to your vehicle, view the Owner’s Manual on
your vehicle’s touchscreen by touching Controls >
Service > Owner's Manual. The information is specific to
your vehicle depending on the features you purchased,
vehicle configuration, market region and software
version. In contrast, owner information that is provided
by Tesla elsewhere is updated as necessary and may not
contain information unique to your vehicle.
Information about new features is displayed on the

touchscreen after a software update, and can be viewed
at any time by touching Controls > Software > Release
Notes. If the content in the Owner's Manual on how to
use your vehicle conflicts with information in the Release Copyrights and Trademarks
Notes, the Release Notes take precedence.
© 2012-2022 Tesla, Inc. All information in this document
Illustrations and all vehicle software is subject to copyright and other
intellectual property rights of Tesla, Inc. and its licensors.
This material may not be modified, reproduced or
The illustrations provided in this document are for copied, in whole or in part, without the prior written
demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicle permission of Tesla, Inc. and its licensors. Additional
options, software version and market region, the information is available upon request. Tesla uses
information displayed on the touchscreen in your vehicle software created by the Open Source community. Please
may appear slightly different. visit Tesla’s Open Source software website at http://
www.tesla.com/opensource. HD Radio is a registered
Feature Availability trademark of iBiquity Digital Corporation. The following
are trademarks or registered trademarks of Tesla, Inc. in
Some features are available only on some vehicle the United States and other countries:
configurations and/or only in specific market regions.
Options or features mentioned in the Owner's Manual
does not guarantee they are available on your specific
vehicle.
Errors or Inaccuracies
All specifications and descriptions are known to be
accurate at time of publishing. However, because
continuous improvement is a goal at Tesla, we reserve
the right to make product modifications at any time. To
communicate any inaccuracies or omissions, or to
provide general feedback or suggestions regarding the
quality of the Owner's Manual, send an email to
ownersmanualfeedback@tesla.com.
Location of Components
Owner information may specify the location of a
component as being on the left or right side of the
vehicle. As shown, left (1) and right (2) represent the
side of the vehicle when sitting inside.
All other trademarks contained in this document are the

property of their respective owners and their use herein
does not imply sponsorship or endorsement of their
products or services. The unauthorized use of any
trademark displayed in this document or on the vehicle
is strictly prohibited.

Disclaimers
Vehicle Telematics Data Sharing
Model S is equipped with electronic modules that For quality assurance and to support the continuous
monitor and record data from various vehicle systems, improvement of advanced features such as Autopilot,
including the motor, Autopilot components, Battery, your Model S may collect analytics, road segment,
braking and electrical systems. The electronic modules diagnostic, and vehicle usage data and send to Tesla for
record information about various driving and vehicle analysis. This analysis helps Tesla improve products and
conditions, including braking, acceleration, trip and services by learning from the experience of billions of
other related information regarding your vehicle. These miles that Tesla vehicles have driven. Although Tesla
modules also record information about the vehicle’s shares this data with partners that contribute similar
features such as charging events and status, the data, the collected information does not identify you
enabling/disabling of various systems, diagnostic personally and can be sent to Tesla only with your
trouble codes, VIN, speed, direction and location. explicit consent. In order to protect your privacy,
personal information is either not logged at all, is subject
The data is stored by the vehicle and may be accessed, to privacy preserving techniques, or is removed from
used and stored by Tesla service technicians during any reports before being sent to Tesla. You have control
vehicle servicing or periodically transmitted to Tesla over what data you share by touching Controls >
wirelessly through the vehicle’s telematics system. This Software > Data Sharing.
data may be used by Tesla for various purposes,
including, but not limited to: providing you with Tesla For additional information regarding how Tesla
telematics services; troubleshooting; evaluation of your processes data collected from your vehicle, please
vehicle’s quality, functionality and performance; analysis review Tesla's Privacy Notice at http://www.tesla.com/
and research by Tesla and its partners for the about/legal.
improvement and design of our vehicles and systems; to
defend Tesla; and as otherwise may be required by law. NOTE: Although Model S uses GPS in connection with
In servicing your vehicle, Tesla can potentially resolve driving and operation, as discussed in this owner's
issues remotely simply by reviewing your vehicle’s data manual, Tesla does not record or store vehicle-specific
log. GPS information, except the location where a crash
occurred. Consequently, Tesla is unable to provide
Tesla’s telematics system wirelessly transmits vehicle historical information about a vehicle's location (for
information to Tesla on a periodic basis. The data is used example, Tesla is unable to tell you where Model S was
as previously described and helps ensure the proper parked/traveling at a particular date/time).
maintenance of your vehicle. Additional Model S features
may use your vehicle’s telematics system and the
information provided, including features such as
Quality Control
charging reminders, software updates, and remote
access to, and control of, various systems of your You might notice a few km on the odometer when you
vehicle. take delivery of your Model S. This is a result of a
comprehensive testing process that ensures the quality
Tesla does not disclose the data recorded in your vehicle of your Model S.
to any third party except when:
The testing process includes extensive inspections
• An agreement or consent from the vehicle’s owner during and after production. The final inspection takes
(or the leasing company for a leased vehicle) is place at Tesla and includes a road test conducted by a
obtained. technician.
• Officially requested by the police or other authorities.

• Used as a defense for Tesla.
• Ordered by a court of law.
• Used for research purposes without disclosing details
of the vehicle owner or identification information.
• Disclosed to a Tesla affiliated company, including
their successors or assigns, or our information
systems and data management providers.
For additional information regarding how Tesla

processes data collected from your vehicle, please
review Tesla's Privacy Notice at http://www.tesla.com/
about/legal.
Consumer Information 195

Reporting Safety Defects
Contacting Tesla
For detailed information about your Model S, go to
www.tesla.com, and log on to your Tesla account, or sign
up to get an account.
If you have any questions or concerns about your

Model S, call Tesla. To find the number for your region,
go to www.tesla.com, select your region at the bottom
of the page, then view contact information.
NOTE: You can also use voice commands to provide

feedback to Tesla. Say "Report", "Feedback", or "Bug
report" followed by brief comments. Model S takes a
snapshot of its systems, including your current location,
vehicle diagnostic data, and screen captures of the
touchscreen and instrument panel. Tesla periodically
reviews these notes and uses them to continue
improving Model S.

Radio Regulatory Compliance
Key and Passive Unlocking System
FCC Certification
Model Number Mfr Frequency Tested For

A-0749G02 Pektron 315 MHz
USA
Canada
Mexico
Taiwan
A-0749G12 Pektron 315 MHz

USA
Canada
Mexico
Taiwan
WC1 Tesla 127.7 KHz Global
The devices listed above comply with Part 15 of the FCC rules, Industry Canada's license-exempt RSS Standard(s)
and EU Directive 2014/53/EU.
1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and

2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Tesla could void your authority to operate the equipment.
Radiation Exposure Statement
The product complies with the FCC/IC RF Exposure for Low Power Consumer Wireless Power Transfer. The RF
exposure limit set forth for an uncontrolled environment and are safe for intended operation as described in this
manual. The furthest RF exposure that compliance was demonstrated at 20cm and greater separation from the user
body or set the device to lower output power if such function is available.
MIC Certification
Model Number Mfr MHz Tested For

A-0749G04/A-0749G14 Pektron 315 Japan
CE Certification
Model # Mfr MHz Tested For

A-0749G01 and A-0749G11 Pektron 433
Europe
Australia
New Zealand
Singapore
South Korea

Model # Mfr MHz Tested For
A-0749G05 and A-0749G15 Pektron 433
China
Hong Kong
Korea
The devices listed above comply with CE standards. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

SRIM Approval (Malaysia)
Model Number(s) Mfr Frequency Tested For

A-0749G01 and A-0749G11 Pektron 433-435 MHz Malaysia
Compliance Label - Singapore
Model A-0749G11:
Model A-0749G01:
Tire Pressure Monitoring System

FCC IDs: TZSTPMS201, Z9F-201FS43X
IC ID: 11852A-201FS4X
The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and RSS-210 of Innovation,
Science and Economic Development Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:


HomeLink
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules, RSS-210 Industry Canada, and with EU Directive 2014/53/EU.
Operation is subject to the following conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference.

• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Any changes or modifications to the device not expressly approved by the manufacturer or Tesla could void your
authority to operate the equipment.
Radio Frequency Information

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15
of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However,
there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

RF Modules
The devices described above comply with CE standards. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1. This device may not cause harmful interference,and

Description Frequency Band Power Level Antenna Location
10 mW (0.285μW
Transmit - 433.9 MHz
Keyfob ERP) n/a
Receive - 134.2 kHz
@433.9 MHz
Body/Security Transmit - 134.2 kHz n/a (magnetic

Front passenger footwell
Controller Receive - 433.9 MHz field)
TPMS Sensor 2.5 mW Each wheel

433.9 MHz
TPMS Module/Antenna n/a (Receive Left side C-pillar

Receive - 433.9 MHz only)
AM/FM n/a (Receive Rear Window

522-1620 kHz only)
88-108 MHz
DAB 174-241 MHz n/a (Receive Rear Window

only)
Homelink (if equipped) 433.9 MHz 10 mW Above front bumper beam
Passive Entry n/a
Transmit - 134.2 kHz 2 in instrument panel end caps
Receive - 433.9 MHz 1 in rear bumper
Bluetooth 2402-2480 MHz 2.5 mW max. B-header in the middle ceiling

GSM (band 5/8) 2W
Transmit - 824-849, 880-915 MHz Transmit - Right side mirror
Receive - 864-894, 925-960 MHz Receive - Right side mirror
GSM (band 2/3) 1W

Transmit - 1710-1785, 1850-1910 MHz Transmit - Right side mirror
Receive - 1805-1880, 1930-1990 Receive - Right side mirror
MHz
WCDMA (Band 250 mW

5/6/19/8) Transmit - 824-849, 880-915 MHz Transmit - Right side mirror
Receive - 864-894, 925-960 MHz Receive - Right side mirror

Description Frequency Band Power Level Antenna Location
WCDMA (Band 1/2/3/4) 250 mW
Transmit - 1710-1785, 1850-1910, Transmit - Right side mirror
1920-1980 MHz Receive - Right side mirror
Receive - 1805-1880, 1930-1990,
2110-2170 MHz
LTE (band 200 mW

5/19/26/8/20/28) Transmit - 703-748, 814-849, Transmit - Right side mirror
832-862, 880-915 MHz Receive - Right side mirror
Receive - 758-803, 791-821,
859-894, 925-960 MHz
LTE (band 21/32) 200 mW

Transmit - 1447.9-1462.9 MHz Transmit - Right side mirror
Receive - 1452-1510.9 MHz Receive - Right side mirror
LTE (band 1/2/3/4) 200 mW

Transmit - 1710-1785, 1850-1910, Transmit - Right side mirror
1920-1980 MHz Receive - Right side mirror
Receive - 1805-1880, 1930-1990,
2110-2170 MHz
LTE (band 7) 200 mW

Transmit - 2500-2570 MHz Transmit - Right side mirror
Receive - 2620-2690 MHz Receive - Right side mirror
Wi-Fi 100 mW
2400-2483.5 MHz Left side mirror
5180-5825 MHz Left side mirror/B-header in
the middle ceiling
GPS 1563-1587 MHz n/a (Receive Between windshield and rear

only) view mirror

Key and Passive Entry System

Your vehicle has different types of radio equipment. The manufacturers of the radio equipment declare the RF
Modules listed above have been evaluated against the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of
Directive 2014/53/EU. The full text of the Declaration of Conformity can be found at the following Internet address:
https://www.tesla.com/eu-doc.
Component Frequency (MHz) Power Level

Passive entry system 13.56 Magnetic field only
Passive entry system 2402-2480 4 mW
Key fob 2402-2480 4 mW

Troubleshooting Alerts
(APP_w207)
Autosteer temporarily unavailable
Autosteer is currently unavailable. This could be a temporary condition due to external conditions that include:
• Missing or faded lane markers

• Narrow or winding roads
• Poor visibility due to rain, snow, fog, or other weather conditions
• Extremely hot or cold temperatures
• Bright light due to other vehicle headlights, direct sunlight, or other light sources
If the alert is caused by a temporary factor like these, no action or service is typically needed. Continue to your
destination. The alert will clear and Autosteer will be available once the condition is no longer present.
Please note that the minimum speed to initiate Autosteer when there is no vehicle detected ahead of you and while
driving on a road with visible lane markings is 18 mph (30 km/h), unless certain vehicle and environmental conditions
are met. If a vehicle is detected ahead of you:
• You can initiate Autosteer at any speed under 90 mph (150 km/h).
• You can even initiate Autosteer when stationary, provided the other vehicle is at least 5 feet (150 cm) in front of
you.
This alert will be present if you have temporarily exceeded 90 mph (150 km/h) with Autosteer active, and Autosteer
will not be available for the rest of your current drive.
NOTE: If this alert becomes active while you are driving in Germany, Autosteer should again be available once your
vehicle is traveling below 90 mph (150 km/h).
If Autosteer is not available by the time you reach your destination, and remains unavailable during your next
planned drive, the problem might be one of these issues:
• Damage or obstruction caused by mud, ice, snow, or other environmental factors

• Obstruction caused by an object mounted on the vehicle, like a bike rack
• Obstructions caused by adding paint or adhesive products like wraps, stickers, or rubber coatings to your vehicle
• A damaged or misaligned bumper
The solution might be as simple as washing your vehicle. If you do not find any obvious obstructions or you find
damage to the vehicle, schedule service at your convenience. Your vehicle is OK to drive in the meantime.
For more information, see Autosteer on page 83.
(APP_w218)
Autosteer speed limit exceeded
Take control of steering wheel
Autosteer is unavailable because your vehicle has exceeded the maximum speed limit for this driver assistance
feature. Autosteer is only available at speeds up to 90 mph (150 km/h).
Take immediate control of the steering wheel and maintain control until you reach your destination. Your vehicle is
OK to drive.
In most cases, Autosteer will not be available for the rest of your current drive. To reset it, you will need to bring the
vehicle to a complete stop and shift into Park. When you shift into Drive to travel to your next destination, Autosteer
should again be available.

Please note that the minimum speed to initiate Autosteer when there is no vehicle detected ahead of you and while
driving on a road with visible lane markings is 18 mph (30 km/h), unless certain vehicle and environmental conditions
are met.
If a vehicle is detected ahead of you:
• You can initiate Autosteer at any speed under 90 mph (150 km/h).
• You can even initiate Autosteer when stationary, provided the other vehicle is at least 5 feet (150 cm) in front of
you.
NOTE: If this alert becomes active while you are driving in Germany, Autosteer should again be available once your
vehicle is traveling below 90 mph (150 km/h).
If Autosteer is not available during your next drive, and remains unavailable throughout subsequent drives, schedule
service at your convenience. Your vehicle is OK to drive in the meantime.
For more information, see Autosteer on page 83.
(APP_w221)
Cruise control unavailable
Reduced front radar visibility
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer are unavailable because the radar located in the front bumper area of
your vehicle has no or low visibility. Continue to your destination. Your vehicle is OK to drive.
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer will remain unavailable as long as the radar lacks adequate visibility. This
could be a temporary obstruction caused by factors like snow, ice, dirt, or mud. If the alert is caused by a temporary
factor like these, no action might be needed: the condition might clear during your drive.
If the alert persists throughout your drive, examine the front bumper before your next planned drive and attempt to
clear any obstruction.
• See the About Autopilot on page 74 sections “How It Works” and “Cleaning Cameras and Sensors” for more on
the radar location and care needed if clearing dirt / debris from that area of the vehicle.
• See Cleaning on page 170 for general cleaning tips and cautions.
Once the radar regains adequate visibility, the alert will clear and both Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer
should again be available.
If this alert persists throughout subsequent drives but no obstruction is visible on the front bumper where the radar
is located, schedule service at your earliest convenience. Your vehicle is OK to drive in the meantime.
(APP_w222)
Reduced front camera visibility
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer are unavailable because one or more of the front cameras in your vehicle
is blocked or blinded by external conditions. Continue to your destination. Your vehicle is OK to drive.
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer will remain unavailable while a front camera lacks adequate visibility.
Cameras can be blocked or blinded due to many factors that include:
• Dirt or debris on the camera surface

• Environmental conditions like rain, fog, snow, or dew
• Bright sunlight or glare from another light source
• Condensation (water droplets or mist) on the camera surface

This is often a temporary issue that will clear up when condensation evaporates or a particular environmental
condition is no longer present.
If the alert does not clear by the end of your drive, inspect and clean the front camera area at the top center of the
windshield before your next planned drive. Check the camera surface for condensation, dirt, or other debris and
attempt to clear any obstruction. See the About Autopilot on page 74 sections “How It Works” and “Cleaning
Cameras and Sensors” for more on front camera location and tips for careful cleaning.
Although condensation on the inside of the front camera enclosure cannot be wiped clean, you can usually clear it
quicker by following these steps:
1. Pre-condition the cabin with the temperature set to High and A/C turned ON.
2. Turn on the front windshield defroster.
Once all front cameras regain adequate visibility, the alert will clear and both Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and
Autosteer should again be available.
If this alert persists throughout subsequent drives but no front camera obstruction is visible, schedule service at your
earliest convenience. Your vehicle is OK to drive in the meantime.
(APP_w224)
Continue driving to allow cameras to calibrate
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer are unavailable because the cameras on your vehicle are not fully
calibrated. Continue to your destination. Your vehicle is OK to drive.
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer will remain unavailable until camera calibration is complete.
Your vehicle must maneuver with great precision when features like Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer are
active. Before these features can be used for the first time, the cameras must complete an initial self-calibration.
Occasionally, one or more cameras can become uncalibrated.
Calibration typically completes after your vehicle has driven 20-25 miles (32-40 km), but the distance varies
depending on road and environmental conditions. For example, driving on a straight road with highly visible lane
markings helps the cameras calibrate quicker.
See Drive to Calibrate Cameras on page 75 for more information.
When calibration is complete, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer should be available.
If the alert persists and camera calibration has not completed after your vehicle has driven 100 miles (160 km) or
more, or Traffic-Aware Cruise Control and Autosteer remain unavailable despite successful camera calibration,
contact Tesla Service at your earliest convenience. Your vehicle is OK to drive in the meantime.
(APP_w304)
Camera blocked or blinded
Clean camera or wait for it to regain visibility
One or more of the vehicle cameras is blocked or blinded due to external conditions. When the cameras cannot
provide accurate visual information, some or all Autopilot features may be temporarily unavailable.
Cameras can be blocked or blinded due to many factors, including:
• Dirt or debris on the camera surface

• Environmental conditions like rain, fog, snow, or dew
• Bright sunlight or glare from another light source
• Condensation (water droplets or mist) on the camera surface

Continue to your destination. Your vehicle is OK to drive.
This is often a temporary issue that will be resolved when condensation evaporates or a particular environmental
condition is no longer present.
If the alert does not clear by the time you reach your destination, check camera surfaces for condensation, dirt, or
other debris.
For camera locations, see About Autopilot on page 74.
Clean the cameras as necessary before your next planned drive. For recommended cleaning procedures, see
Cleaning Cameras and Sensors on page 76.
If you continue to see this alert after cleaning the cameras, check the inside surfaces of the door pillar camera
enclosures for condensation.
Although condensation inside the camera enclosures cannot be wiped clean, you can usually clear it faster by
following these steps:
1. Pre-condition the cabin with the temperature set to High and A/C turned ON.
2. Turn on the front windshield defroster.
3. Direct the air vents toward the door pillar cameras.
For more information on clearing condensation from camera enclosures, see Cleaning Cameras and Sensors on page
76.
If the alert does not clear by the end of your next planned drive, despite cleaning the indicated camera(s) and
following recommended steps to clear condensation, schedule service at your next convenient opportunity. Your
vehicle is OK to drive in the meantime.
(BMS_u030)
Charging adapter has electric arc flash hazard
Use different charging equipment
Charging is unavailable because your vehicle has detected an electric arc flash hazard in the third-party charging
adapter used to connect a Combined Charging System (CCS) charge handle to your vehicle’s charge port.
An electric arc flash can occur if you attempt to unplug while actively charging with the third-party charging
adapter, and an electric arc flash can cause serious bodily injury and/or property damage.
Follow the steps below to mitigate this risk:
1. Make sure charging is completely stopped.

a. Use your vehicle touchscreen to confirm charging has stopped, or to stop charging if necessary.
b. Use the charging station display and controls to confirm charging has stopped, or to end any active charging
session.
2. Make sure no flashing green or blue light (LED) is visible on your vehicle’s charge port.
3. Unplug the charging adapter from your vehicle’s charge port.
4. Confirm again that the charging station indicates no active charging session.
5. Unplug the charging adapter from the charge handle.
Use different charging equipment to charge your vehicle. For more information on charging, see Charging
Instructions on page 157.
You can also try charging your vehicle using a Tesla Supercharger or Destination Charging location, all of which can
be located through the map on your vehicle's touchscreen display. See Maps and Navigation on page 123 for more
details. Additional third-party charging stations may also be available in your area to help you to pinpoint the issue.

(CC_f001)
Unable to charge - Insufficient grounding
Proper wiring or outlet grounding must be verified
What this alert means:
No ground connection detected in the Wall Connector.
What to do:
Have the Wall Connector inspected by an electrician to make sure it is properly grounded. Your electrician should
ensure there is proper grounding at your circuit breaker or power distribution box and also ensure that appropriate
connections are made to the Wall Connector.
For more information, see the installation guide for your Wall Connector.
(CC_f002)
Unable to charge - Insufficient grounding
Disconnect and retry or use different equipment
Ground fault. Current is leaking through an unsafe path. Possible Line to ground or Neutral to ground fault.
What to do:
Try charging again by disconnecting the Wall Connector from the vehicle and reconnecting. If the issue persists, turn
OFF the circuit breaker servicing the Wall Connector, wait 10 seconds, turn the circuit breaker ON again, then try
reconnecting the Wall Connector to the vehicle. If the issue persists, consult your electrician or contact Tesla.
(CC_f003)
Unable to charge - Wall Connector GFCI tripped
What to do:
(CC_f004)
Unable to charge - Wall Connector issue
Wall Connector needs service
Wall Connector hardware issue. Possible issues include:
1. Contactor not working

2. Self-test of internal ground fault monitoring circuit failed
3. Thermal sensor disconnected
4. Other hardware component issues
What to do:
An internal issue was detected by the Wall Connector.
1. Try charging again by disconnecting the Wall Connector from the vehicle and reconnecting.
2. If the issue persists, turn OFF the circuit breaker for the Wall Connector, wait 10 seconds, and turn the circuit
breaker ON again. Then try reconnecting the Wall Connector to the vehicle.
3. If the issue persists, have an electrician make sure all wires are properly connected and torqued according to the
instructions in the Wall Connector Installation Manual.
4. Once your electrician has completed all work and restored power to the Wall Connector, try charging again by
reconnecting the Wall Connector to the vehicle.
5. If the issue persists, the Wall Connector requires service.
(CC_f005)
Unable to charge - Wall Connector GFCI tripped
What to do:
(CC_f006)
Unable to charge - Wall Connector overcurrent
Over current protection.
What to do:
Reduce the vehicle's charge current setting. If the issue persists, service is required.
(CC_f007)
Unable to charge - Input voltage too high
Voltage must be within Wall Connector rating
Over or under voltage protection.

What to do:
Consult your electrician to ensure appropriate voltage on the circuit breaker that services the Wall Connector.
(CC_f008)
Unable to charge - Input voltage too low
Voltage must be within Wall Connector rating
Over or under voltage protection.
What to do:
Consult your electrician to ensure appropriate voltage on the circuit breaker that services the Wall Connector.
(CC_f009)
Unable to charge - Input wired incorrectly
Input wiring to Wall Connector must be corrected
Input miswired: possibly Line and Neutral are swapped.
What to do:
The wiring between the wall power and the Wall Connector has been incorrectly installed. Consult your electrician.
(CC_f010)

What to do:

(CC_f011)
Unable to charge - Wall Connector too hot
Let Wall Connector cool and try again
Over temperature protection (latchoff).
What to do:
Make sure the Wall Connector is not covered by anything and that there is no heat source nearby. If the problem
persists in normal ambient temperatures (under 38°C), service is required.
(CC_f012)
Unable to charge - Wall connection too hot
Outlet or Wall Connector wiring must be checked
High temperature detected by Wall Connector alerts indicate the building connection to the Wall Connector is
getting too warm, so charging has stopped to protect the wiring and Wall Connector.
This is not typically an issue with your vehicle or your Wall Connector, but rather an issue with the building wiring.
This may be caused by a loose building wiring connection to the Wall Connector and can be fixed quickly by an
electrician.
To regain normal charge operation, try the following steps.
If the Wall Connector is plugged into a wall outlet, make sure:
• The plug is fully inserted into the receptacle / outlet

• The plug / outlet area is not blocked or covered by anything
• There is no heat source nearby
If the issue persists or the Wall Connector is hard-wired, contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring
connection to the Wall Connector. They should make sure that all wires are properly connected and torqued
according to the installation guide for the Wall Connector.
(CC_f013)
Unable to charge - Charge handle too hot
Check charge handle or charge port for debris
Over temperature protection (latchoff).
What to do:

Make sure the connector is fully inserted into the charge inlet in the vehicle's charging port, is not covered by
anything, and there is no heat source nearby. If the issue persists in normal ambient temperatures (under 38°C),
service is required.
(CC_f014)

What to do:
(CC_f015)
Unable to charge - Vehicle connection issue
Insert charge handle fully into charge port
A communication error occurred between the Wall Connector and the vehicle.
What to do:
Try charging again by disconnecting the Wall Connector from the vehicle and reconnecting.
1. If the issue persists, turn OFF the circuit breaker servicing the Wall Connector, wait 10 seconds, turn the circuit
breaker ON again, then try reconnecting the Wall Connector to the vehicle.
2. If the issue persists and other charging equipment is available, plug the vehicle into another Wall Connector or a
Mobile Connector to determine if the vehicle is able to communicate with other charging equipment.
3. If the issue persists, service is required.

(CC_f016)
What to do:
(CC_f017)
What to do:
(CC_f018)
What to do:

(CC_f019)
What to do:
(CC_f020)

What to do:

(CC_f021)
Unable to charge - No primary Wall Connector
Check that primary unit is powered and available
Load sharing (circuit breaker sharing) network: Need one (and only one) Wall Connector set as primary.
What to do:
Only one Wall Connector can be set to a primary configuration. Have your electrician confirm:
1. Only one of the Wall Connectors is set as primary.

2. All other Wall Connectors linked to the primary unit are set to paired position (position F).
(CC_f022)
Unable to charge - More than 1 primary unit
Ensure only 1 Wall Connector is set as primary
Load sharing (circuit breaker sharing) network: Need one (and only one) Wall Connector set as primary.
What to do:
Only one Wall Connector can be set to a primary configuration. Have your electrician confirm:
1. Only one of the Wall Connectors is set as primary.

2. All other Wall Connectors linked to the primary unit are set to paired position (position F).
(CC_f023)
Unable to charge - Too many Wall Connectors
Ensure no more than 3 units paired with primary
Load sharing (circuit breaker sharing) network: More than three Wall Connectors are paired with the same primary
unit.
What to do:
Consult your electrician to have one or more paired Wall Connectors moved to a different circuit and disconnected
(unpaired) from this load sharing (circuit breaker sharing) network.
(CC_f024)
Unable to charge - Low Wall Connector current
Primary unit current setting must be increased
Incorrect rotary switch setting.

What to do:
Have your electrician adjust the Wall Connector’s internal rotary switch to a valid operating current setting. They
should first make sure there is no power to the Wall Connector. The correlation between switch setting and current
should be printed on the inside of the Wall Connector. Your electrician should also refer to the Set the Operating
Current section in the Wall Connector Installation Manual.
If the Wall Connector is set up for load sharing (circuit breaker sharing) and paired with other Wall Connectors, the
rotary switch of the primary unit must be set to an operating current setting that allows each paired Wall Connector
to receive at least 6A of charge current.
Example: Three Wall Connectors are paired for load sharing. The primary unit needs to be set to a current of at least
3 * 6A = 18A or greater.
(CC_f025)

What to do:
(CC_f026)


What to do:
(CC_f027)

What to do:
(CC_f028)
Unable to charge - Incorrect switch setting
Wall Connector rotary switch must be adjusted
Incorrect rotary switch setting.
What to do:

Have your electrician adjust the Wall Connector’s internal rotary switch to a valid operating current setting. They
should first make sure there is no power to the Wall Connector. The correlation between switch setting and current
should be printed on the inside of the Wall Connector. Your electrician should also refer to the Set the Operating
Current section in the Wall Connector Installation Manual.
If the Wall Connector is set up for load sharing (circuit breaker sharing) and paired with other Wall Connectors, the
rotary switch of the primary unit must be set to an operating current setting that allows each paired Wall Connector
to receive at least 6A of charge current.
Example: Three Wall Connectors are paired for load sharing. The primary unit needs to be set to a current of at least
3 * 6A = 18A or greater.
(CC_f029)
What to do:
(CC_f030)
Unable to charge - Primary / paired unit mismatch
Wall Connector current ratings must match
Load sharing (circuit breaker sharing) network: The paired Wall Connectors have different maximum current
capabilities.
What to do:
Only Wall Connectors with the same maximum current capabilities can be paired in a load sharing (circuit breaker
sharing) network. Have your electrician inspect the type labels on the Wall Connectors and make sure the current
capabilities match. It is further recommended that your electrician only pair Wall Connectors with the same part
number, as an easy way to make sure paired units are compatible.
(CC_f041)
Charge rate reduced - Wall connection hot
getting too warm, so charging has been slowed to protect the wiring and Wall Connector.

electrician.
To regain normal charge speed, contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to the Wall
Connector. They should make sure that all wires are properly connected and torqued according to the installation
guide for the Wall Connector.
(CHG_f035)
Charging equipment communication error
Try again or try different equipment
Your vehicle is unable to charge because it cannot communicate effectively with the external charging equipment. It
cannot sense a valid control pilot signal coming from the charging equipment.
First, confirm the lack of effective communication is caused by the external charging equipment rather than an issue
with your vehicle. This is usually the case.
Try charging the vehicle using different external charging equipment (including charge cable, charging station, or
charging stall).
• If the vehicle begins charging, the issue was likely with the equipment.
• If the vehicle still does not charge, the issue may be with the vehicle.
If the issue is suspected to be with the vehicle, inspect the charge port inlet and the charge cable connector for any
obstructions (use a flashlight as necessary). Debris, moisture, and/or foreign objects present in the charge port inlet
or the charge cable connector can prevent the charge port from properly communicating with the charging
equipment.
It is recommended that any debris / foreign objects be removed and any moisture be allowed to dry. Afterward, try
re-inserting the cable into the charge port. Charging should now be possible.
As this alert is usually specific to external charging equipment and power sources, and it does not typically indicate
an issue with your vehicle that can be resolved by scheduling service, it is recommended that you:
• Try charging with multiple, different types of charging equipment.

• Make sure any charge port inlet obstruction has been removed.
For more information on troubleshooting Mobile Connector or Wall Connector status lights, refer to the product's
Owner's Manual at Charging & Adapter Product Guides. If using other external charging equipment, refer to the
manufacturer's provided documentation for troubleshooting tips.
For more information on charging, see Charging Instructions on page 157.
(CHG_f083)
Cannot charge - Poor grid power quality possible
Retry / Try other charge location or Supercharging
Charging has stopped due to a condition that prevents your vehicle from charging with AC power. DC fast charging /
Supercharging should still function as expected.
This condition could occur due to power supply disturbances caused by the external charging equipment or by the
electrical power grid. In some cases, this condition can even result from turning on nearby electric devices that draw
a lot of power.

If these possible causes can be ruled out, then a condition with your vehicle itself may also be affecting AC charging.
This alert may be accompanied by another alert that specifies the condition affecting AC charging. If so, it is
recommended you start by investigating that alert.
Further troubleshooting tips based on equipment type:
• If using a Mobile Connector, try charging your vehicle with a different wall outlet.
◦ If your vehicle starts to charge and continues to charge as expected, the issue was likely with the original wall
outlet. It is recommended that you contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to that
outlet.
◦ If your vehicle still does not start to charge, or does not continue to charge as expected, the issue may be with
the Mobile Connector or the electrical grid.
• If using a Wall Connector, try charging your vehicle with different charging equipment like a Mobile Connector
powered by a separate wall outlet.
◦ If your vehicle starts to charge and continues to charge as expected, the issue was likely with the Wall
Connector. Contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to the Wall Connector. They should
make sure that all wires are properly connected and torqued according to the installation guide for the Wall
Connector.
As this alert may be present due to external charging equipment and power sources, it is recommended that you:
• Try charging with different wall outlets.

• Try charging with multiple, different types of charging equipment at different locations.
If this alert persists when attempting to charge at multiple locations and with different charging equipment, it is
recommended that you schedule service.
(CHG_f091)
Charging equipment not recognized
The charge port is unable to detect whether a charge cable is inserted or the type of charge cable connected.
If this alert appears while a charge cable is connected, it should be determined whether the issue is caused by the
charging equipment or the vehicle. Try charging the vehicle using different external charging equipment (charge
cable, charging station, charging stall, etc.).
If this alert appears while a charge cable is not connected or if the issue is suspected to be with the vehicle, inspect
the charge port inlet and the charge cable connector for any obstructions (use a flashlight as necessary). Debris,
moisture, and/or foreign objects present in the charge port inlet or the charge cable connector can prevent the
charge port from properly detecting charge cables.
re-inserting the cable into the charge port. Charging should now be possible.

(CHGS_f083)
Cannot charge - Poor grid power quality possible
Retry / Try other charge location or Supercharging
Charging has stopped due to a condition that prevents your vehicle from charging with AC power. DC fast charging /
Supercharging should still function as expected.
a lot of power.
◦ If your vehicle starts to charge and continues to charge as expected, the issue was likely with the original wall
outlet. It is recommended that you contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to that
outlet.
◦ If your vehicle still does not start to charge, or does not continue to charge as expected, the issue may be with
the Mobile Connector or the electrical grid.
◦ If your vehicle starts to charge and continues to charge as expected, the issue was likely with the Wall
Connector. Contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to the Wall Connector. They should
make sure that all wires are properly connected and torqued according to the installation guide for the Wall
Connector.


(CHG_u001)
Charge rate reduced - Unexpected voltage drop
Remove extension cords / Have wiring inspected
Charging speed has been reduced because the onboard charger in your vehicle has detected a large voltage drop
during charging.
Likely causes of this issue include:
• Problems with the building wiring and/or the wall outlet.

• An extension cord or other wiring that cannot support the requested charge current.
This issue can also result from turning on electric devices that draw a lot of power from the same branch circuit
while the vehicle is charging.
If this issue has occurred multiple times at your normal charging location, contact an electrician to inspect the
electrical installation. They should check the following:
• Any installed charging equipment and its connection to the building wiring.
• The building wiring, including any wall outlet used with a Mobile Connector.
• The electrical connection to the power utility line where it enters the building.
Discuss with the electrician whether the charge current on the vehicle should be lowered, or if the installation should
be upgraded to support a higher charge current.
• Contact an electrician to inspect the wiring and equipment at your normal charging location.
(CHG_u002)
Charging stopped due to large voltage drop
Remove extension cords / Have wiring inspected
Charging has been interrupted because the onboard charger in your vehicle has detected an unusually large voltage
drop.
Likely causes of this issue include:
• Problems with the building wiring and/or the wall outlet.

• An extension cord or other wiring that cannot support the requested charge current.
This issue can also result from turning on electric devices that draw a lot of power from the same branch circuit
while the vehicle is charging.
If this issue has occurred multiple times at your normal charging location, contact an electrician to inspect the
electrical installation. They should check the following:

• Any installed charging equipment and its connection to the building wiring.
• The building wiring, including any wall outlet used with a Mobile Connector.
• The electrical connection to the power utility line where it enters the building.
Discuss with the electrician whether the charge current on the vehicle should be lowered, or if the installation should
be upgraded to support a higher charge current.
• Contact an electrician to inspect the wiring and equipment at your normal charging location.
(CHG_u004)
Charging stopped - Power lost while charging
Check power source and charging equipment
Power has been lost during charging. This could result from the charging equipment losing power from the source
(for example, a wall outlet) or from an issue with the charging equipment.
This alert is often accompanied by other alerts that can help you identify and troubleshoot the issue. Start by
investigating any other displayed alerts that relate to charging issues.
Alternatively, you can check Mobile Connector or Wall Connector status lights to confirm power to the device, and
also refer to the product owner’s manual for troubleshooting information based on blink codes. If using other (non-
Tesla) external charging equipment, check for a display or other user interface that provides troubleshooting help.
If there is clearly no power to the charging equipment, check the circuit breaker for the wall outlet / Wall Connector
to make sure it has not tripped.
• If using a Mobile Connector, try charging the vehicle with a different wall outlet.
◦ If the vehicle starts to charge, the issue was likely with the original wall outlet. It is recommended that you
contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to that outlet.
◦ If the vehicle still does not charge, the issue may be with the Mobile Connector.
• If using a Wall Connector, try charging the vehicle with different charging equipment like a Mobile Connector
◦ If the vehicle starts to charge, the issue was likely with the Wall Connector. Contact an electrician to inspect
the building wiring connection to the Wall Connector. They should make sure that all wires are properly
connected and torqued according to the installation guide for the Wall Connector.

• Try charging with different charging equipment.

(CHG_u005)
Unable to charge - Charge station not powered
Check power source or try a different station
Charging cannot begin because the charging equipment is not ready. A charge handle is detected, but the charging
station is not communicating with the vehicle. This issue could occur because:
• The charging station is not powered.

• The control pilot signal between the charging station and the vehicle is interrupted.
Try charging the vehicle with different charging equipment or at a different charging station.
If the vehicle starts to charge, the issue was likely with the equipment.
If using a Mobile Connector or Wall Connector, first check the status lights on the front. If no status lights are visible,
check the power source and contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to the wall outlet or the
Wall Connector to confirm that all wires are properly connected and torqued.
If using other external charging equipment, consult the product's owner's manual to learn how to confirm that the
station is powered. Contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring and charging equipment as necessary.
If the vehicle still does not charge, the issue may be with the vehicle.
• Try charging with different charge equipment / at different stations.
(CHG_u006)
Charge port latch not engaged
Fully insert charge cable or check for obstruction
The charge port latch is unable to latch the charge cable in the charge port inlet. If the latch is not engaged, AC
charging (for example, charging with a Mobile Connector or Wall Connector) will be limited to 16A and DC Fast
Charging / Supercharging will be unavailable.
Try re-inserting the charge cable fully into the charge port inlet.
If your vehicle begins charging and the charge port light pulses green, the charge cable may not have been fully
inserted before. The latch may not have engaged during previous attempts because the cable was not fully inserted.
AC charging should no longer be limited, and DC Fast Charging / Supercharging should be available.

If charging is still limited or the vehicle will not charge at all, inspect the charge port inlet and the charge cable
connector for any obstructions (use a flashlight as needed). Debris and/or foreign objects in the charge port inlet or
the charge cable connector can prevent you from fully inserting the charge cable. If the cable is not fully inserted,
the charge port latch will not engage.
It is recommended that any debris / foreign objects be removed. Afterward, try re-inserting the cable into the charge
port inlet. AC charging should no longer be limited, and DC Fast Charging / Supercharging should be available.
• Make sure the charge cable is fully inserted during charging.

(CHG_u007)
Charging equipment reports error
Check equipment for error code or message
Charging was interrupted because the external charging equipment has reported a fault that prevents the vehicle
from charging.
Inspect the external charging equipment and look for status lights, displays, or other status indicators on the
equipment. Consult the equipment owner’s manual for further troubleshooting instructions.
• If the vehicle starts to charge, the issue was likely with the equipment.
(CHG_u010)
External charging equipment error detected
Try different charging equipment
AC charging cannot begin due to a condition that prevents your vehicle from charging with AC power. DC fast
charging / Supercharging should still function as expected.

Your vehicle's onboard charger is detecting input voltage at the charge port when no power has been requested
from the external charging equipment, which indicates the external charging equipment is not functioning as
expected.
This can sometimes be caused by a hardware issue specific to the external charging equipment, which prevents the
charging equipment from switching power to the vehicle on or off when requested. It could also occur due to
another condition affecting the external charging equipment, or a condition affecting your vehicle itself.
As this alert is usually specific to external charging equipment, and it does not typically indicate an issue with your
vehicle that can be resolved by scheduling service, it is recommended that you try charging with multiple, different
types of charging equipment.
(CHG_u012)
Power grid or vehicle issue limiting AC charging
Unplug and retry / Try different charging location
Charging speed has been reduced due to a condition that affects your vehicle’s ability to charge with AC power. DC
fast charging / Supercharging should still function as expected.
a lot of power.
◦ If charging speed is no longer reduced, the issue was likely with the original wall outlet. It is recommended that
you contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to that outlet.
◦ If charging speed is still reduced, the issue may be with the Mobile Connector or the electrical grid.
◦ If charging speed is no longer reduced, the issue was likely with the Wall Connector. Contact an electrician to
inspect the building wiring connection to the Wall Connector. They should make sure that all wires are
properly connected and torqued according to the installation guide for the Wall Connector.


(CHG_u013)
Charging equipment communication lost
Check power source and charging equipment
Charging stopped because communication between the vehicle and the external charging equipment was
interrupted.
Confirm whether the external charging equipment is powered by looking for any status lights, displays, or other
indicators on the equipment.
If the equipment is not powered, try to restore the external charging equipment’s power source.
• If attempting to charge at a public station and power is unable to be restored, contact the station operator.
• If attempting to charge at a private station (for example: charging at home) and power is unable to be restored,
contact an electrician.
If the equipment is powered, try charging the vehicle using different external charging equipment.
• Make sure the external charging equipment is powered.

(CHG_u014)
Charging equipment reports error
Check equipment for error code or message
Charging was interrupted because the external charging equipment has reported a fault that prevents the vehicle
from charging.
Inspect the external charging equipment and look for status lights, displays, or other status indicators on the
equipment. Consult the equipment owner’s manual for further troubleshooting instructions.
• If the vehicle starts to charge, the issue was likely with the equipment.

(CHG_w032)
Charge rate reduced - Wall connection hot
getting too warm, so charging has been slowed to protect the wiring and Wall Connector.
electrician.
To regain normal charge speed, contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to the Wall
Wall Connector installation guides can be found here.
(CHG_w037)
Unable to charge - Wall connection too hot
getting too warm, so charging has stopped to protect the wiring and Wall Connector.
electrician.
To regain normal charge operation, contact an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to the Wall
Wall Connector installation guides can be found here.
(CP_w043)
Charge port door sensor fault
Charge port may not operate as expected
One of the charge port door sensors is not functioning normally. When this occurs, the charge port may be unable to
accurately sense the charge port door position and the charge port may not operate as expected.
• The charge port latch may intermittently remain engaged when the charge port door is opened.
• The charge port light may illuminate only intermittently when the charge port door is opened.
If you encounter these or similar behaviors while the alert is present, try closing the charge port door and then
opening it again to restore normal function.
For more information, see Opening the Charge Port on page 157.

(CP_w054)
Charge port latch not engaged
Fully insert charge cable or check for obstruction
The charge port latch is unable to latch the charge cable in the charge port inlet. If the latch is not engaged, AC
charging (for example, charging with a Mobile Connector or Wall Connector) will be limited to 16A and DC Fast
Charging / Supercharging will be unavailable.
The charge port light will pulse amber if this alert appears during AC charging and will be solid amber if this alert
appears when attempting to DC Fast Charge / Supercharge.
Try re-inserting the charge cable fully into the charge port inlet.
If your vehicle begins charging and the charge port light pulses green, the charge cable may not have been fully
inserted before. The latch may not have engaged during previous attempts because the cable was not fully inserted.
AC charging should no longer be limited, and DC Fast Charging / Supercharging should be available.
If charging is still limited or the vehicle will not charge at all, inspect the charge port inlet and the charge cable
connector for any obstructions (use a flashlight as needed). Debris and/or foreign objects in the charge port inlet or
the charge cable connector can prevent you from fully inserting the charge cable. If the cable is not fully inserted,
the charge port latch will not engage.
It is recommended that any debris / foreign objects be removed. Afterward, try re-inserting the cable into the charge
port inlet. AC charging should no longer be limited, and DC Fast Charging / Supercharging should be available.
• Make sure the charge cable is fully inserted during charging.

(DI_u015)
Cruise Control, including Traffic-Aware Cruise Control, is currently unavailable. Take control and drive your vehicle
manually.
Cruise Control might become unavailable due to many factors, including:
• Driver input or behavior:

◦ Unbuckling the driver’s seat belt
◦ Not closing the doors, front trunk, or trunk
◦ Canceling a Cruise Control request
◦ Trying to activate Cruise Control below minimum speed of 18mph (30 km/h)

• Environmental / external conditions
• Vehicle System Restraints:
◦ May include lack of visibility
• Valet Mode is active:

◦ For more information, see Valet Mode on page 38.
When any condition preventing Cruise Control activation is no longer present, Cruise Control should be available.
If this alert persists throughout subsequent drives, schedule service at your convenience. Your vehicle is OK to drive
in the meantime.
For more information, see Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 77.
(DI_u024)
Autopark canceled
Take control
Autopark has been canceled. You need to park or finish parking your vehicle manually.
Once the parking maneuver is complete, apply the brakes and shift into Park. Your vehicle will otherwise remain free-
rolling.
Autopark can be canceled due to many factors, including the following:
• Driver input or behavior

◦ Using the gear stalk
◦ Moving the steering wheel
◦ Pressing the accelerator pedal
◦ Pressing the brake pedal
◦ Opening a door and/or exiting the vehicle
◦ Pressing the Cancel button on the touchscreen

◦ Steep slope / grade
◦ Weather conditions affecting visibility
◦ Curb cannot be detected
• A trailer is attached to the vehicle

• Vehicle system constraints
Autopark should be available again during your next drive.
If this alert persists throughout subsequent drives, schedule service at your earliest convenience. Your vehicle is OK
to drive in the meantime.
For more information, see To Cancel Parking on page 98 and Limitations on page 98.
(DI_u025)
Autopark aborted
Autopark has aborted and the Electronic Parking Brake has been applied. You need to park or finish parking your
vehicle manually.
Once the parking maneuver is complete, apply the brakes and shift into Park. Your vehicle will otherwise remain free-
rolling.

Autopark can abort due to many factors, including the following:
• Driver input or behavior

◦ Using the gear stalk
◦ Moving the steering wheel
◦ Pressing the accelerator pedal
◦ Pressing the brake pedal
◦ Opening a door and/or exiting the vehicle
◦ Pressing the Cancel button on the touchscreen

◦ Steep slope / grade
◦ Weather conditions affecting visibility
◦ Curb cannot be detected
• A trailer is attached to the vehicle

• Vehicle system constraints
Autopark should be available again during your next drive.
If this alert persists throughout subsequent drives, schedule service at your earliest convenience. Your vehicle is OK
to drive in the meantime.
For more information, see To Cancel Parking on page 98 and Limitations on page 98.
(DI_w039)
Regenerative braking temporarily reduced
Regen will increase as vehicle is driven
Regenerative braking performance is temporarily reduced. The expected amount of automatic deceleration is not
available when you lift your foot off the accelerator pedal while driving.
Your vehicle is OK to drive.
Use the brake pedal as needed to slow your vehicle, similar to the way you would apply the brakes in a gas-powered,
non-electric vehicle (a vehicle with no regenerative braking to provide automatic deceleration).
This alert may occur when:
• High voltage battery is near full charge:

◦ Regenerative braking is reduced when the battery is at 95% charge or higher.
• High voltage battery is cold:

◦ The battery may not be warm enough for full regenerative braking performance.
◦ This can happen at the beginning of a drive. It may happen frequently in colder climates.
Driving your vehicle will usually clear this alert, because it should reduce the battery charge below 95% and/or
sufficiently heat the battery.
NOTE: In colder climates, this alert may remain present indefinitely and automatic deceleration may remain limited,
as driving your vehicle may not heat the battery enough to restore full regenerative braking performance. This alert,
by itself, does not typically indicate a condition requiring service.
For more information, see Regenerative Braking on page 58.

(DI_w168)
Vehicle Hold feature unavailable
Keep brake pedal pressed while stopped
Vehicle Hold is currently unavailable due to system constraints. When stopping, use the brake pedal to bring your
vehicle to a complete stop and keep your vehicle stationary.
If Vehicle Hold is not available during your next drive, contact Tesla Service. Your vehicle is OK to drive in the
meantime.
For more information, see Vehicle Hold on page 63.
(DI_w172)
Powertrain requires service
Avoid hard acceleration
An issue has been detected in the powertrain system. The vehicle is OK to drive, but you should schedule service as
soon as possible for a powertrain inspection.
Your vehicle has detected excessive backlash (lash) between the drive unit and the wheels. High, or excessive, lash is
indicative of mechanical wear.
There are many possible causes, so a powertrain inspection is needed.
Your vehicle is OK to drive to your immediate destination and to a service center. Avoid hard or heavy acceleration,
as this puts more stress on the powertrain.
Schedule a service appointment at your earliest opportunity. If this issue is not addressed, your vehicle might
unexpectedly stop while you are driving.
(GTW_w017)
Electrical system power reduced
Non-essential features may be unavailable
Some non-essential features, like seat heaters or cabin heating / cooling, may be unavailable or may operate at a
reduced level. This is expected behavior designed to help your vehicle maintain adequate electrical power for
essential functions.
This alert may be present due to various vehicle conditions. For more information and further recommended actions,
check for other alerts specific to conditions affecting your vehicle’s electrical system.
(GTW_w018)
Non-essential features may be unavailable
Some non-essential features, like seat heaters or cabin heating / cooling, may be unavailable or may operate at a
reduced level. This is expected behavior designed to help your vehicle maintain adequate electrical power for
essential functions.
This alert may be present due to various vehicle conditions. For more information and further recommended actions,
check for other alerts specific to conditions affecting your vehicle’s electrical system.

(GTW_w174)
12V battery must be replaced - Schedule service
Software will not update until battery is replaced
The low voltage battery is showing degraded performance and needs to be replaced. Until the low voltage battery is
replaced, vehicle software updates will not complete.
It is recommended that you have the low voltage battery replaced at your earliest convenient opportunity.
You can schedule service via your Tesla Mobile App, or with an independent service provider that offers low voltage
battery replacement for your vehicle. Please note that independent service provider options may vary, based on your
vehicle configuration and your location.
Your vehicle is OK to drive with this alert present. However, if you delay the low voltage battery replacement, your
vehicle may eventually not have enough electrical power to start or to restart after a recent drive.
If the low voltage battery does not have enough electrical power to turn on your vehicle or open the doors, see
Battery Care on page 156 for recommended actions.
For more information on the battery system, see High Voltage Battery Information on page 156.
(GTW_w360)
Assist for low brake performance activated
To stop, keep brake pedal firmly pressed
Hydraulic Fade Compensation is active. This brake assist function activates temporarily to make sure you have full
braking capability in conditions where reduced braking performance is detected by your vehicle.
Continue to press the brake pedal as you normally would, and do not "pump" (repeatedly press and release) the
pedal as this will interrupt the function.
This alert will clear when your vehicle comes to a stop or you are no longer pressing the brake pedal. It may still be
displayed for up to 5 seconds afterward.
When this assist function activates, you may feel the brake pedal pull away from your foot and notice a strong
increase in brake pressure. You may also hear a pumping sound coming from the brake hydraulic unit at the front of
the vehicle. This will usually last for a few seconds, depending on road surface and vehicle speed. This is completely
normal and does not indicate any issue with your vehicle.
Reduced braking performance is usually temporary, and can occur for a number of reasons including high brake
temperatures after heavy brake use, or driving in extremely cold or wet conditions. It can also indicate that your
brake pads or rotors have worn to the point that normal replacement is needed.
If you continue to experience reduced braking performance which does not improve over time, please contact Tesla
service at your convenience for a brake inspection.
For more information, see Hydraulic Fade Compensation on page 58.
(GTW_w405)
Vehicle may shut down unexpectedly
The electrical system cannot maintain the voltage required to support all vehicle features.
If this alert is present while you are driving, it is possible your vehicle will shut down unexpectedly.
It is also possible that your vehicle will not restart after the current drive.

It is recommended that you eliminate or reduce your use of any non-essential features. This can help your vehicle
maintain adequate electrical power for essential functions. It may also prevent your vehicle from shutting down
before you reach your immediate destination, although this is not guaranteed.
If this alert remains active, schedule service immediately. Without service, your vehicle may shut down unexpectedly
or may not restart.
(MCU_u019)
Active service connection to vehicle
Service performing remote diagnostics
A service technician is remotely logged into your vehicle for diagnosis or repair. You may notice some loss of
Infotainment functionality while the connection persists, but this alert does not indicate an issue with your vehicle.
Your vehicle is OK to drive.
This alert should clear automatically after the technician completes vehicle diagnosis or repair. You may find it
necessary to restart your touchscreen to restore full Infotainment functionality after the alert has cleared. For more
information, see Restarting the Touchscreen in your vehicle's Do It Yourself Guide.
If this alert does not clear after 24 hours, it is recommended that you schedule service via your Tesla Mobile App or
with an independent service provider. Please note that independent service provider options may vary, based on
your vehicle configuration and your location.
(MCU_w008)
Air pressure in tires very low
PULL OVER SAFELY - Check for flat tire
This alert indicates that one or more of the tires on your vehicle is extremely low or flat.
The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) has detected that the air pressure in one or more of your tires is
significantly lower than the recommended cold tire pressure.
You should pull over carefully as soon as possible. In a safe location, check for a flat tire.
You can request Tesla roadside assistance options (mobile tire, loaner wheel, tow) if required. See Contacting Tesla
Roadside Assistance on page 189 for more information.
In a non-emergency situation, it is recommended that you visit a local tire shop for assistance or schedule service
using your Tesla Mobile App.
See Maintaining Tire Pressures on page 165 for detailed information on where to find the recommended cold
pressure (RCP) for your vehicle's tires, how to check tire pressures, and how to keep your tires properly inflated.
The alert will clear once the TPMS has a consistent tire pressure measurement for each of your tires within 3 psi of
the recommended cold pressure.
• The alert and Tire Pressure indicator light may still be present immediately after you have filled your tires to the
recommended cold pressure, but both should clear once you have driven a short distance.
• You may need to drive over 15 mph (25 km/h) for at least 10 minutes for the Tire Pressure Monitoring System to
measure and report your updated tire pressures.
For more information on tire pressure, inflation, and maintenance, see Tire Care and Maintenance on page 165.
(MCU_w010)
Air pressure below recommendation for tires
Check pressure and refill air as needed
This alert does NOT indicate that there is a flat tire.

The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) has detected that the air pressure in one or more of your tires is at least
20% lower than the recommended cold tire pressure.
See Maintaining Tire Pressures on page 165 for detailed information on where to find the recommended cold
pressure (RCP) for your vehicle's tires, how to check tire pressures, and how to keep your tires properly inflated.
This alert may appear in cold weather because the air in your tires naturally contracts when it becomes cold,
decreasing tire pressures.
• Although drops in tire pressure are expected in colder weather, air should still be added to maintain the
recommended cold tire pressure.
• The alert may clear as the vehicle is driven. This is because the tires will warm up and the tire pressure will
increase.
◦ Even if the alert clears, the tires should still be refilled with air once they have cooled. For the best experience
with your vehicle, the recommended cold tire pressure should be maintained at all times.
The alert should clear once the Tire Pressure Monitoring System detects that each of your tires is inflated to the
recommended cold pressure.
• The alert and Tire Pressure indicator light may still be present immediately after you have filled your tires to the
recommended cold pressure, but both should clear once you have driven a short distance.
• You may need to drive over 15 mph (25 km/h) for at least 10 minutes for the Tire Pressure Monitoring System to
measure and report your updated tire pressures.
If you repeatedly see this alert for the same tire, have the tire inspected for a slow leak. You can visit a local tire shop
or schedule service using your Tesla Mobile App.
For more information on tire pressure and inflation, see Tire Care and Maintenance on page 165.
(MCU_w029)
Service is required
Schedule service now
This alert is set remotely by Tesla when a condition requiring service is detected on your vehicle.
This alert can be set due to various conditions. When you schedule service, more information should be available.
This alert can only be cleared by a service technician after your vehicle has been serviced.
As this alert can be present due to various conditions, it is recommended that you schedule service at your earliest
convenience.
(THC_u0005)
Air conditioning temporarily reduced
Vehicle systems being cooled
Cabin air conditioning performance has been temporarily reduced because your vehicle needs to focus on cooling
the high voltage battery (Battery) and/or powertrain. This is completely normal and does not indicate a problem
with your vehicle or the air conditioning (A/C) system.
In addition to cooling the vehicle interior, the A/C system also cools the Battery. The A/C system’s priority is to cool
the Battery to make sure it stays within an optimal temperature range that supports longevity and best performance.
In high temperature environments, it is normal for your vehicle to focus more for brief periods on cooling the Battery.
When this happens, it is most often because the vehicle is supercharging in hot weather.
No action is required. Your vehicle is OK to drive.

The alert should clear in a short time, and cabin air conditioning performance should return to normal. In some cases,
the alert and vehicle behavior will continue until supercharging is complete.
If the alert persists over multiple drives and is accompanied by other alerts that indicate potential issues with the
A/C system, contact Tesla Service at your convenience to schedule an A/C system inspection.
(UMC_w001)
Unable to charge with Mobile Connector
Inadequate outlet grounding - Try another outlet
The Mobile Connector has detected that the electrical outlet has insufficient grounding, likely caused by an
inadequate or missing ground connection. This does not indicate an issue with your Mobile Connector or vehicle, but
instead points to an issue with the wall outlet / electrical installation the Mobile Connector is connected to.
Have the electrical installation inspected by an electrician. Your electrician should make sure there is proper
grounding at your circuit breaker or power distribution box, and also make sure that appropriate connections are
made to the outlet, before you attempt to plug in the Mobile Connector again.
If you need to charge in the meantime, it is recommended that you try charging using a different outlet, at another
location, or with another type of charging station.
For more information on troubleshooting Mobile Connector status lights and charging issues, refer to the product's
owner's manual.
(UMC_w002)
Unable to charge - Mobile Connector GFCI tripped
The vehicle cannot charge because the ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) in the Mobile Connector has tripped.
Like the GFCI in a wall outlet, this feature is designed to stop the flow of electricity when there is a problem. It has
interrupted charging to protect your vehicle and the charging equipment.
This could happen for many reasons. The problem could be in the charge cable, the charge handle, the charge port,
or even an onboard vehicle component.
Inspect the charge port as well as the charge handle for pooled water or unusual levels of moisture.
• If you find excessive moisture, wait and let both the inside area of the charge port and the exposed portion of the
charge handle dry sufficiently before trying again.
Inspect the charge equipment for damage.
• If the cable is in any way damaged or deteriorated, do not use it. Try different charging equipment instead.
• If the cable is in good condition, try charging again with the same Mobile Connector.
If the issue persists and prevents charging, try charging with different charging equipment.

owner's manual.
(UMC_w004)
Voltage too high / Try a different wall outlet
The vehicle cannot charge, or charging is interrupted, because either the Mobile Connector:
• Detects the wall outlet voltage is too high.
OR
• Detects an unexpected increase in supply voltage from the wall outlet.
Try charging the vehicle with a different wall outlet.
If the vehicle starts to charge, the issue was likely with the original wall outlet. It is recommended that you contact
an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to that outlet.
If the vehicle still does not charge when you try a different wall outlet, try charging at a different location.

owner's manual.
(UMC_w005)
Voltage too low / Try a different wall outlet
The vehicle cannot charge, or charging is interrupted, because either the Mobile Connector:
• Does not detect enough supply voltage from the wall outlet.
OR
• Detects an unexpected drop in supply voltage from the wall outlet.
Try charging the vehicle with a different wall outlet.
If the vehicle starts to charge, the issue was likely with the original wall outlet. It is recommended that you contact
an electrician to inspect the building wiring connection to that outlet.
If the vehicle still does not charge when you try a different wall outlet, try charging at a different location.

owner's manual.
(UMC_w007)
Mobile Connector control box temperature high
Let Mobile Connector cool to resume charging
Charging has been interrupted because the Mobile Connector has detected a high temperature inside its control box
housing.
Make sure the Mobile Connector is not covered by anything, and that there is no heat source nearby. If the problem
owner's manual.
(UMC_w008)
Unable to charge - Wall plug temperature high
Wall outlet and wiring inspection recommended
High temperature detected by Mobile Connector alerts indicate the outlet used to charge is becoming too warm, so
charging has stopped to protect the outlet.
This is not typically an issue with your vehicle or your Mobile Connector, but rather an issue with the outlet. A warm
outlet may be caused by a plug that is not fully inserted, a loose building wiring connection to the outlet, or an
outlet that is beginning to wear out.
To regain normal charge operation, make sure your adapter is fully plugged into the outlet. If charging speed does
not return to normal, contact an electrician to inspect the outlet and building wiring connections to the outlet and
complete any repairs needed.
If the outlet is worn, it should be replaced with a high-quality outlet. Consider upgrading to a Tesla Wall Connector
for greater convenience and highest charging speed.
(UMC_w009)
Cannot charge - Charge handle temperature high
Charging has been interrupted because the Mobile Connector has detected a high temperature in the charge handle
that connects to your vehicle's charge port.
Make sure the Mobile Connector is fully inserted into your vehicle's charge port inlet.
You should also inspect the charge port inlet and the Mobile Connector handle for any obstructions (use a flashlight
as necessary). Debris or foreign objects present in the charge port inlet or the Mobile Connector handle can cause
increased temperatures during charging.

It is recommended that any debris / foreign objects be removed. Afterward, try re-inserting the Mobile Connector
handle into the charge port. Once the Mobile Connector handle temperature has decreased and any obstruction has
been removed, the alert should clear and charging should be possible.
Also make sure the charge handle of the Mobile Connector is not covered by anything, and that there is no heat
source nearby.
If the alert persists in normal ambient temperatures (under 38°C), and continues to occur during multiple charging
attempts, this may indicate a condition affecting the Mobile Connector or your vehicle. It is recommended that you
schedule service at your convenience.
owner's manual.
(UMC_w010)
Mobile Connector to adapter connection hot
Let cool - Plug adapter fully into Mobile Connector
Charging has been interrupted because the Mobile Connector has detected a high temperature at the connection
between the wall plug adapter and the control box.
Make sure the wall plug adapter is fully connected to the Mobile Connector control box.
After unplugging from the power source (wall outlet), you should also inspect the wall plug adapter connection and
the Mobile Connector control box connection for any obstructions (use a flashlight as necessary). Debris or foreign
objects present where the wall plug adapter and the Mobile Connector control box connect can cause increased
temperatures during charging.
It is recommended that any debris / foreign objects be removed. Afterward, try re-inserting the wall plug adapter
into the Mobile Connector and then connecting to the power source (wall outlet). Once the Mobile Connector
control box temperature has decreased and any obstruction has been removed, the alert should clear and charging
should possible.
Also make sure the wall plug adapter is not covered by anything, and that there is no heat source nearby. If the issue
owner's manual.
(UMC_w011)
Your vehicle is unable to charge because it cannot communicate effectively with the Mobile Connector. The Mobile
Connector cannot confirm via proximity detection that the charge handle is fully connected to your vehicle.
First, confirm the lack of effective communication is caused by the Mobile Connector rather than an issue with your
vehicle. This is usually the case.
To confirm this, try charging the vehicle using different external charging equipment.
• If the vehicle begins charging, the issue was likely with the Mobile Connector.

If the issue is suspected to be with the vehicle, inspect the charge port inlet and the Mobile Connector handle for any
or the Mobile Connector handle can prevent the vehicle from properly communicating with the Mobile Connector.
re-inserting the Mobile Connector handle into the charge port. Charging should now be possible.

• Make sure any charge port inlet or charge handle obstruction has been removed.
owner's manual.
(UMC_w012)
Your vehicle is unable to charge because it cannot communicate effectively with the Mobile Connector. The Mobile
Connector detects that it cannot generate or maintain a valid control pilot signal.
First, confirm the lack of effective communication is caused by the Mobile Connector rather than an issue with your
vehicle. This is usually the case.
To confirm this, try charging the vehicle using different external charging equipment.
• If the vehicle begins charging, the issue was likely with the Mobile Connector.
If the issue is suspected to be with the vehicle, inspect the charge port inlet and the Mobile Connector handle for any
or the Mobile Connector handle can prevent the vehicle from properly communicating with the Mobile Connector.
re-inserting the Mobile Connector handle into the charge port. Charging should now be possible.

• Make sure any charge port inlet or charge handle obstruction has been removed.
owner's manual.

(UMC_w013)
Wall plug adapter error - Charge rate reduced
Plug adapter fully into Mobile Connector and retry
Your Mobile Connector is unable to communicate with the wall plug adapter. Because your Mobile Connector cannot
monitor the wall plug adapter temperature, charge current is automatically reduced to 8A.
It is recommended that you try the following troubleshooting steps:
1. Unplug your Mobile Connector, including the wall plug adapter, completely from the wall outlet.
2. Make sure the connection between the wall plug adapter and the main body of your Mobile Connector is secure.
a. Disconnect the wall plug adapter completely from the main body of your Mobile Connector.
b. Fully reinsert the wall plug adapter into the main body of your Mobile Connector by pushing it into the socket
until it snaps into place.
3. Try charging again by plugging the Mobile Connector, including wall plug adapter, fully into the wall outlet.
4. If the alert persists, try using a different wall plug adapter (see steps above to make sure the adapter is fully
connected to your Mobile Connector).
a. If the alert is no longer present, the issue is likely with the wall plug adapter you were using previously.
b. If the alert persists, the issue is likely with your Mobile Connector.
It is recommended that you obtain another wall plug adapter or Mobile Connector as needed, based on the
troubleshooting steps above.
In the meantime, you can continue to charge with the same equipment. The charge rate will be reduced, as charge
current will be limited to 8A while this condition persists.
owner's manual.
(UMC_w014)
identify the type of wall outlet the wall plug adapter is connected to, charge current is automatically reduced to 8A.

owner's manual.
(UMC_w015)
identify the type of wall outlet the wall plug adapter is connected to, charge current is automatically reduced to 8A.
owner's manual.
(UMC_w016)
Mobile Connector control box temperature high
Maximum charge rate reduced
Charge current has been temporarily reduced because the Mobile Connector has detected increased temperature
inside its control box housing.
Make sure the Mobile Connector is not covered by anything, and that there is no heat source nearby. If the problem

owner's manual.
(UMC_w017)
Charge rate reduced - Wall plug temperature high
Wall outlet and wiring inspection recommended
High temperature detected by Mobile Connector alerts indicate the outlet used to charge is becoming too warm, so
charging has been slowed to protect the outlet.
This is not typically an issue with your vehicle or your Mobile Connector, but rather an issue with the outlet. A warm
outlet may be caused by a plug that is not fully inserted, a loose building wiring connection to the outlet, or an
outlet that is beginning to wear out.
To regain normal charge speed, make sure your adapter is fully plugged into the outlet. If charging speed does not
return to normal, contact an electrician to inspect the outlet and building wiring connections to the outlet and
complete any repairs needed.
If the outlet is worn, it should be replaced with a high-quality outlet. Consider upgrading to a Tesla Wall Connector
for greater convenience and highest charging speed.
(UMC_w018)
Charge rate reduced - Handle temperature high
Charge current has been temporarily reduced because the Mobile Connector has detected increased temperature in
the charge handle that connects to your vehicle's charge port.
Make sure the Mobile Connector is fully inserted into your vehicle's charge port inlet.
You should also inspect the charge port inlet and the Mobile Connector handle for any obstructions (use a flashlight
as necessary). Debris or foreign objects present in the charge port inlet or the Mobile Connector handle can cause
increased temperatures during charging.
It is recommended that any debris / foreign objects be removed. Afterward, try re-inserting the Mobile Connector
handle into the charge port. Once the Mobile Connector handle temperature has decreased and any obstruction has
been removed, the alert should clear and charge current should no longer be reduced.
Also make sure the charge handle of the Mobile Connector is not covered by anything, and that there is no heat
source nearby.
If the alert persists in normal ambient temperatures (under 38°C), and continues to occur during multiple charging
attempts, this may indicate a condition affecting the Mobile Connector or your vehicle. It is recommended that you
schedule service at your convenience.
owner's manual.

(UMC_w019)
Mobile Connector to adapter connection hot
Maximum charge rate reduced
Charge current has been reduced because the Mobile Connector has detected a high temperature at the connection
between the wall plug adapter and the control box.
Make sure the wall plug adapter is fully connected to the Mobile Connector control box.
After unplugging from the power source (wall outlet), you should also inspect the wall plug adapter connection and
the Mobile Connector control box connection for any obstructions (use a flashlight as necessary). Debris or foreign
objects present where the wall plug adapter and the Mobile Connector control box connect can cause increased
temperatures during charging.
It is recommended that any debris / foreign objects be removed. Afterward, try re-inserting the wall plug adapter
into the Mobile Connector and then connecting to the power source (wall outlet). Once the Mobile Connector
control box temperature has decreased and any obstruction has been removed, the alert should clear and charge
current should no longer be reduced.
Also make sure the wall plug adapter is not covered by anything, and that there is no heat source nearby. If the issue
owner's manual.

Index
A Traffic-Aware Cruise Control: 77
Autopilot components: 74
ABS (Anti-lock Braking System): 57
Autosteer: 83
absolute speed limit: 110
average range: 69
access panel, removing: 174
accessories: 19 B
plugging into power socket: 19
backup camera: 70
active hood: 66
Battery (high voltage): 156, 174, 186
adaptive headlights: 48
care of: 156
adjacent lane speed: 83
coolant: 174
aero covers: 167
specifications: 186
air conditioning: 118
temperature limits: 156
air filter: 121
battery (key), replacing: 9
air suspension: 138
battery (low voltage): 156, 186
airbag, front passenger, disabling: 34
complete discharge: 156
airbags: 33
specifications: 186
alarm: 142
Blind Spot Camera: 104
all-season tires: 168
Blind Spot Collision Warning: 104
always connected, setting: 69
Blind Spot Collision Warning Chime: 104
Always Show Estimated Round Trip Energy: 127
Bluetooth: 130, 135
anti-lock braking (ABS): 57
devices, playing audio files from: 130
apps: 5
general information: 135
Arcade: 132
phone, pairing and using: 135
audio: 39, 129, 132
body repairs: 178
playing files: 129, 132
body touch up: 172
settings: 129
Boombox: 133
steering wheel buttons: 39
brakes: 57, 108, 174, 184
volume control: 129
automatic in emergencies: 108
Auto High Beam: 47
fluid level: 174
Auto Lane Change: 85
overview of: 57
auto-raising suspension: 138
specifications: 184
automatic emergency braking: 108
Bumper Clearance (Summon): 99
automatic navigation: 123
navigating: 123 C
Autopark: 97
cabin air filter: 121
autopilot: 104
cabin temperature control: 118
side collision warning: 104
Calendar: 135, 137
Autopilot: 74, 77, 83, 85, 97, 99, 107, 110
camera, rear-facing: 70
Auto Lane Change: 85
cameras (autopilot): 74
automatic emergency braking: 107
Camp: 121
Autopark: 97
car cover: 172
Autosteer: 83
car status, displaying: 39, 40
collision avoidance assist: 107
car washes: 170
forward collision warning: 107
Caraoke): 130
overtake acceleration: 77
cargo area: 14
overview: 74
cargo volume: 184
speed assist: 110
carpets, cleaning: 171
speed limit warning: 110
CCS (Combo): 155
staying within speed limits: 110
CE certifications: 197
Summon: 99
CHAdeMO: 155
Index
chains: 169 dome (map) lights: 47
change of ownership: 117 door handles: 9
charge port: 157 door labels: 180
charge port light: 158 door seals: 171
charge port manual release: 161 cleaning: 171
charge port release lever: 161 Door Unlock Mode: 10
charging: 154, 155, 157 doors: 8
components and equipment: 154 doors, opening: 8
instructions: 157 Drive: 46
public charging stations: 155 drive away locking: 10
charging locations, finding: 126 drive modes: 46
charging stations, displaying on map: 123 driver: 22, 37
child protection: 12 profiles: 37
disabling rear window switches: 12 seat adjustment: 22
child seats: 26, 34, 171 driving: 22, 44, 68
cleaning: 171 seating position: 22
disabling front passenger airbag: 34 starting: 44
installing and using: 26 tips to maximize range: 68
child-protection lock: 10
E
disabling liftgate and rear door handles: 10
cleaning: 170 Easter Eggs: 132
climate controls: 118 easy entry, driver profile: 37
cold weather best practices: 72 electric parking brake: 59
collision avoidance assist: 107 emergency braking: 107
Colorizer: 135 emergency flashers: 49
connecting to Wi-Fi: 149 Emergency Lane Departure Avoidance: 104
console: 17, 19, 20 emergency rear door opening: 11
cup holders: 20 energy: 50, 58
low voltage power socket: 19 gained from regenerative braking: 58
USB ports: 17 range information: 50
consumption chart: 69 Energy app: 69
contact information: 189 energy saving mode: 69
roadside assistance: 189 energy use predictions (navigating): 127
copyrights: 194 Entertainment: 132
cruise control: 77 Erase & Reset: 117
cup holders: 20 event data recording: 195
exterior: 2, 47, 170, 172, 182
D
car cover: 172
damping, suspension: 138 cleaning: 170
dashboard overview: 3 dimensions: 182
Dashcam: 143 lights: 47
data recording: 195 overview: 2
data sharing: 195 polishing, touch up, & repair: 172
declarations of conformity: 197
F
delivery mileage: 195
devices: 17, 130 factory defaults, restoring: 117
Bluetooth, playing audio files: 130 factory reset: 117
connecting: 17 favorites (Media Player): 130
dimensions: 182 Favorites (navigation): 123
Dog: 121 FCC certifications: 197
Index
features, downloading new: 150 hood: 15
firmware (software) updates: 150 horn: 40
flash drive: 143 hub caps: 167
flashers, warning: 49
I
floor mats: 172
fluids: 164, 174 I'm Feeling Lucky, Hungry: 123
replacement intervals: 164 IC certifications: 197
reservoirs, checking: 174 identification labels: 179
fog lights: 47 inductive phone charger: 18
forward collision warning: 107 instant range: 69
front and rear seats: 22 instrument panel: 50, 171
front passenger detection: 34 cleaning: 171
front trunk: 15 overview of: 50
interior: 3, 47, 118, 171, 182
G
cleaning: 171
garage doors, opening: 146 dimensions: 182
gates, opening: 146 lights: 47
GAWR: 180 overview: 3
glovebox: 17 temperature control: 118
Glovebox PIN: 142 intrusion detection: 142
Gross Axle Weight Rating: 180 ISOFIX child seats, installing: 29
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating: 180
J
ground clearance: 182
GVWR: 180 J1772: 155
Jack mode: 177
H
jacking: 177
hazard warning flashers: 49
K
headlights: 47, 48
adaptive: 48 Keep Climate On: 121
after exit: 48 key: 8, 9, 197
high beams: 47 FCC and IC certifications: 197
heating: 118 how to use: 8
height adjustments (air suspension): 138 ordering extras: 9
height adjustments (suspension): 177 replacing battery: 9
disabling (Jack mode): 177 key fob: 44
high beam headlights: 47 key fob not inside: 44
high voltage: 154, 164, 186 keyless entry: 8
Battery specifications: 186
components: 154 L
safety: 164 label: 180
hills, stopping on: 63 Statutory Plate: 180
hitches: 180 Tire Information: 180
Home: 5 lane assist: 104
button: 5 lane change, automatic: 85
screen: 5 Lane Departure Avoidance: 104
Home location: 125 liftgate: 13
HomeLink: 99, 146, 199 adjust opening height: 13
FCC certification: 199 opening: 13
programming and using: 146 lifting: 177
when using Summon: 99 lights: 47, 48, 49
Index
adaptive headlights: 48 offset from speed limit: 110
hazard warning: 49 Online Routing: 127
headlights after exit: 48 overhang dimensions: 182
turn signals: 48 overtake acceleration: 77
load limits: 180 Owner Information, about: 194
location tracking: 123
P
locking and unlocking doors: 8
lumbar adjustment: 22 Park: 46
Park Assist: 61
M
parking brake: 59
maintenance: 163, 164, 165, 170, 173, 174, 175 parking, using Autopark: 97
brake fluid, checking: 174 parking, using Summon: 99
cleaning: 170 parts replacement: 178
daily checks: 163 pedestrian protection: 66
fluid replacement intervals: 164 pedestrian warning: 71
monthly checks: 163 personal data, erasing: 117
panel, removing: 174 phone: 40, 135
replacing wiper blades: 173 steering wheel buttons: 40
service intervals: 163 using: 135
tires: 165 phone app: 136
washer fluid, topping up: 175 PIN: 38
washer jets, cleaning: 173 PIN to Drive: 142
map orientation: 123 power: 58
map updates: 128 gained from regenerative braking: 58
mats: 172 power cycling: 44
media: 129, 132 power management: 69
settings: 129 power socket: 19
sources, show and hide: 129 power windows: 12
mileage upon delivery: 195 powered liftgate: 10
mirrors: 42 powering on and off: 44
mobile app: 152 Preconditioning: 160
mobile app access: 152 public charging stations: 155
Mobile Connector: 155, 157
R
description: 155
using: 157 radio: 129, 132
modifications: 178 Radio Frequency information: 197
motor specifications: 184 range: 50, 58, 68
My Apps: 7 displayed on instrument panel: 50
my car does what?: 132 driving tips to maximize: 68
regenerative braking: 58
N
range assurance: 69
Navigate on Autopilot: 88 Range mode: 68
NCC certifications: 197 Re-route: 127
Neutral: 46 rear seats, folding and raising: 23
rear view camera: 70
O
rear window switches, disabling: 12
Obstacle-Aware Acceleration: 107 recent (Media Player): 130
occupant classification: 34 Recents (navigation): 123
odometer: 67 recording: 143
Off-Peak Charging: 160 regenerative braking: 58
Index
relative speed limit: 110 Software Reinstall: 150
release notes: 151 software reset: 117
restarting the touchscreen: 44 software update preferences: 150
Reverse: 46 software updates: 150
RFID transponders: 178 specifications: 182, 184, 186
ride height (air suspension): 138 brakes: 184
roadside assistance: 189 cargo volume: 184
roof racks: 180 dimensions: 182
rotating tires: 166 exterior: 182
Round Trip Energy (navigating): 127 High Voltage Battery: 186
interior: 182
S
low voltage battery: 186
safety information: 25, 32, 36 motor: 184
airbags: 36 steering: 184
child seats: 32 subsystems: 184
seat belts: 25 suspension: 186
Schedule: 160 tires: 186
schedule service: 152 transmission: 184
scheduled charging: 160 wheels: 186
scheduled departure: 160 speed assist: 110
using: 160 speed limit warning: 110
seat belts: 24, 171 stability control: 60
cleaning: 171 starting: 44
in a collision: 24 Statutory Plate: 180
overview of: 24 steering specifications: 184
pre-tensioners: 24 steering, automatic: 83
wearing when pregnant: 24 summer tires: 168
seat covers: 23 Summon: 99
seat heaters: 118 Summon Distance: 99
seating capacity: 180 sunroof: 21
seating position: 35 superchargers, displaying on map: 123
seats: 22, 118 supercharging: 161
adjusting: 22 described: 161
heaters: 118 idle fees: 161
security settings: 142 pay-per-use fees: 161
self-leveling: 138 suspension (air): 138
sensors: 74 suspension specifications: 186
Sentry Mode: 143
T
service data recording: 195
service intervals: 163 telematics: 195
Settings, erasing: 117 temperature: 40, 50, 118, 156
shifting: 46 Battery (high voltage), limits: 156
shortcuts: 7 cabin, controls for: 118
adding to My Apps: 7 heated: 40
Show Calendar Upon Entry: 135, 137 outside: 50
side camera(s): 70 Teslacam: 143
Side Clearance (Summon): 99 tie-down straps: 193
side collision warning: 104 tilt/intrusion detection: 142
slip start: 60 Tire Information label: 180
Smart Summon: 101 tire noise: 169
Index
Tire Pressure Monitoring System: 167, 198 trip chart: 69
FCC certification: 198 trip meter: 67
overview of: 167 Trip Planner: 127
tire pressures, checking: 165 trunk, front: 15
tire pressures, displaying: 165 trunk, rear: 10, 13
tires: 165, 166, 168, 169, 186, 187 child lock: 10
all-season: 168 disabling interior handle: 10
balancing: 166 turn signals: 48
chains: 169
U
inspecting and maintaining: 165
pressures, displaying: 165 ultrasonic sensors: 74
pressures, how to check: 165 Unlock on Park: 8
replacing: 166 unlocking when key fob doesn't work: 11
replacing a tire sensor: 168 USB devices: 17
rotation: 166 connecting: 17
specification: 186 USB flash drive: 142, 143
summer: 168 USB ports: 17
tire markings: 187
wheel configuration: 165 V
winter: 169 Valet mode: 38
toll system transponders, attaching: 178 Vehicle Hold: 63
torque specifications: 184 Vehicle Identification Number (VIN): 179
touch up body: 172 vehicle loading: 180
touchscreen: 5, 7, 150, 171 vent, sunroof: 21
adding shortcuts: 7 View Live Camera: 143
cleaning: 171 voice commands: 140
customizing My Apps: 7 volume control: 5
main: 5 volume control (media): 129
rear: 5
software updates: 150 W
touchscreens: 5 Walk-Away Door Lock: 10
overview of: 5 Wall Connector: 155
tow eye, locating: 192 warning flashers: 49
towing: 191 washer fluid, topping up: 175
towing a trailer: 180 washer jets, cleaning: 173
towing instructions: 191 washers, using: 56
Toybox: 132 wheel chocks: 193
TPMS: 167, 198 wheels: 166, 167, 186
FCC certification: 198 aero covers, removing and installing: 167
overview of: 167 alignment: 166
Tracking Disabled: 123 replacing: 166
traction control: 60 specifications: 186
trademarks: 194 torque: 186
Traffic Light and Stop Sign Control: 90 Wi-Fi, connecting to: 149
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control: 77 windshield washer fluid, topping up: 175
trailer hitches: 180 winter tires: 169
transmission specifications: 184 wiper blades, replacing: 173
transponders, attaching: 178 wiper defrosters: 56
Transport Mode: 192 wipers, defrosting: 56
transporting: 191 wipers, using: 56
Index
wireless phone charger: 18
Work location: 125
Publication date: 2022/6/3

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MODEL S

Software version: 2022.20

ILLUSTRATIONS AND PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

© 2012-2022 TESLA, INC.

Active Safety Features................................. 104 Index................................................................... 244

1. Exterior lights (Lights on page 47)

2 MODEL S Owner's Manual

4 MODEL S Owner's Manual

Connected to a Wi-Fi network.

Connect to a Bluetooth device (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 135).

6 MODEL S Owner's Manual

When you walk up to Model S carrying your key fob, the

8 MODEL S Owner's Manual

2. Remove the battery by carefully lifting it away from

Door handles retract if you do not use them within one

Opening and Closing 9

NOTE: It is recommended that you turn child-protection

Drive Away Locking

Walk-Away Door Lock

To turn this feature on or off, touch Controls > Vehicle >

10 MODEL S Owner's Manual

Unlocking When the Key Fob

NOTE: The following illustration assumes a left hand

To drive Model S after gaining access to the cabin, place

Opening and Closing 11

• To lower a window fully, press the switch all the way

WARNING: To ensure safety, it is recommended

Similarly, pull a switch to raise the associated window:

• To raise a window fully, pull the switch all the way up

If a window is left open unintentionally, Model S can

NOTE: See Cold Weather Best Practices on page 72

Locking Rear Windows

12 MODEL S Owner's Manual

If the liftgate senses an obstruction when closing, it

If the liftgate loses its calibration when opened, the

Adjusting Liftgate Opening Height

NOTE: In emergency situations, you can override an

To open the liftgate from inside the vehicle in the

Opening and Closing 13

1. Remove the cover by pulling its lower edge very

Secure all cargo before moving Model S, and place

14 MODEL S Owner's Manual

• Touch Controls > Front Trunk on the touchscreen.

CAUTION: To prevent damage:

Opening and Closing 15

Press the interior release button to open the front trunk,

NOTE: The interior release button glows following a brief

16 MODEL S Owner's Manual

For additional glovebox security, touch Controls >

NOTE: Do not connect multiple devices using a USB

NOTE: In some market regions you can purchase

Formatting a USB Flash Drive

To save and retrieve video footage, Model S requires a

Opening and Closing 17

Viewing Video Recordings

You can view recorded footage on the touchscreen

18 MODEL S Owner's Manual

The low voltage power socket is suitable for accessories

NOTE: Power is available whenever the vehicle is