Empower - Student Book - Answer-Key

UNIT 1 Outstanding people
1A She is an inspiring woman

1 READING
c. Jony Ive – did important design work for Apple Joan Ganz Cooney – created Sesame Street
d. 1 JI 2 JC 3 B 4 JC 5 JI 6 JC 7 JI 8 JI
2 GRAMMAR
a. 1 present simple 2 past simple 3 present continuous 4 past continuous 5 present perfect 6 past
perfect
b. 1 past simple 2 present continuous 3 present perfect 4 present simple 5 past continuous 6 past
perfect
c. Suggested answers
present simple: consider, combine, is, they’re, think, admire, she’s not
past simple: grew up, brought, realised, could, researched, wrote, presented, rejected, thought, didn’t
have, set up, questioned, was, didn’t want, encouraged, knew, meant, became, went, didn’t stop,
continued
present continuous: it’s still going
past continuous: was working,
present perfect: I’ve always felt, has got on with, she’s had
past perfect: had managed
d. Answers (Grammar Focus 1A SB p.135)

a. 2 Internet shopping is becoming 3 We are looking 4 This food tastes 5 We are thinking of, they
cost 6 I’m writing, I’m sending
b. 1 c 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 f 6 e
f. 1 have heard 2 played 3 have 4 worked 5 had emigrated 6 was working 7 decided 8 helped 9 has
had 10 enjoy
3 LISTENING
a. She isn’t very well known. ✓
3 She made an amazing discovery. ✓
b. 1 T 2 T 3 F – her supervisor won the Nobel Prize. 4 F – she came top of her class. 5 T 6 T 7 T
4 VOCABULARY
a. 1 She’s a respected physicist.
2 She is an inspiring woman.
3 She was really determined, but in a quiet way.
4 Well, you’ve always been motivated, that’s for sure. And stubborn.
The adjectives determined and stubborn have similar meanings, although determined has a
positive meaning and stubborn a negative meaning.
b. These two letters have the same /ɪ/ sound: respected, determined. The other two e sounds are /e/ in
respected and /ɜː/ in determined.
c. /ɪ/ /e/ /ɜː/
revise slept serve
desire helpful university
women identity prefer
d. 1 stubborn 2 motivated 3 respected 4 determined 5 inspiring

e. Answers (Vocabulary Focus 1A SB p.154)
a The first text is more formal, the second is personal.
b 1 naive 2 sensitive 3 arrogant 4 self-confident 5 passionate 6 ambitious 7 loyal 8 optimistic
c 1 sensitive 2 self-confident 3 optimistic 4 arrogant 5 loyal 6 passionate 7 ambitious 8 naïve
Pronunciation
a optimistic, unsympathetic, arrogant, ambitious
1st syllable stressed 2nd syllable stressed

passionate self-confident
sensitive determined
television environment
3rd syllable stressed 4th syllable stressed
influential determination
pessimistic environmental
1B Are you finding it difficult?

1 SPEAKING AND LISTENING
b. 3
c. 1 habit 2 very long 3 new 4 life 5 wanted to 6 effort
d. drink less coffee, get up at dawn every day and see the sun rise, write a short poem, eat something
new, paint a picture, climb mountains
2 VOCABULARY
a.
1 give up
2 manage to, keep to 3 keep it up
4 work out
5 have a go at
6 try out
7 make an effort
8 successfully
b.
1 manage to, work out
2 give up
keep it up, keep to
4 make an effort
5 try out, have a go at
c.
1 managed to do it.
2 keep it up!
3 have a go at doing yoga every day.
3 READING
b.
Farah: easy
Mona: She found some things difficult, but it was mostly a lot of fun.
Steve: difficult
d. 1 b 2 c 3 e 4 a 5 d
4 GRAMMAR
a.
1 How do you feel? Are you finding it difficult? What have you
drawn pictures of so far? Do you feel it has been worthwhile?
Who do you practise with? Are you just working alone?
2 What made you decide to become vegetarian, Farah?

3 Who do you practise with? What have you drawn pictures of so
far?
4 Do you feel it has been worthwhile? Do you think you’ll carry on after the 30 days?
b. 1 a 2 b
c. 1 d 2 c
d. Answers (Grammar Focus 1B SB p.135)
a 1 are we 2 did you think 3 Which 4 didn’t you 5 What 6 Who from? 7 happened
b 2 What kind / type / sort of music is she interested in?
3 How many people watched the match?
4 Why haven’t they started yet?
5 Which foot hurts?
6 Who did she hear the news from?
c 2 I wonder why they didn’t come back.
3 Where do you think they are going?
4Can you tell me if / whether you have ever met him?
5 Do you know who wrote this story?
6 I wonder if / whether this pen works.
7 Can you tell me (what) your sister’s name (is)?
8 When do you think it will be ready?
1C Everyday English
1 LISTENING
c. 2
d. 1. Yes. They know information about each other.
2. She’s starting work at her cousin’s café.
e. 1 False: they are planning a wedding. 2 False: she’s got to study. 3 True: she’s on her way to work.
2 CONVERSATION SKILLS
a. 1 I 2 I 3 I’ve got 4 I’ll
b. 1 I 2 I’ll 3 I 4 It was
3 PRONUNCIATION
a. 1. mus(t) go
2 mus(t) run
3 go(t) to go
4 can’(t) talk
It’s the consonant sound /t/
b. B It was great. Sorry. Can’t talk now. Got to go. (could be reordered)
B Yeah thanks. Must be off now. See you tomorrow. Bye. (could be reordered)
4 LISTENING
a. 2
b. 1 How to use the coffee machine and handle the food.
2 He writes his novel.
3 Because JK Rowling wrote Harry Potter in a café.
4 Sam’s wife.
d. coffee
Becky’s new job
the reason Tom is here their
wedding plans
e. coffee: They have a coffee while Becky is on her break.

Becky’s new job: Tom asks how it is going; Becky says there’s a lot to learn.
the reason Tom is here: He was passing by.
their wedding plans: They need to start thinking about their wedding.
5 USEFUL LANGUAGE
b. 1 The most important thing is,
2 Remember to always (Always remember to is also correct.)
3 Another thing to remember is,
c. 3
d. 1 Is that clear? 2 Do you understand what I mean? 3 Have you got that? 4 Do you get the idea?
e. 1 Is that clear? (unfriendly and not so polite)
Is that clear? (friendly and polite)
2 Do you understand what I mean? (unfriendly and not so polite)
Do you understand what I mean? (friendly and polite)
3 Have you got that? (unfriendly and not so polite)
Have you got that? (friendly and polite)
4 Do you get the idea? (unfriendly and not so polite)

Do you get the idea? (friendly and polite)
To sound friendly, the speaker’s voice goes up at the end.
g. 1 Remember to always collect the dirty cups and always leave a menu on the table after you’ve
cleaned it. Is that clear?
2 The most important thing is to switch off the coffee machine before you leave. Have you got that?
3 Another thing to remember is to keep any forgotten items, as the customer may come back to look
for it. Do you get the idea? Becky could respond with: ‘OK, I’ll remember that. / Sure, I can do that.’
1D Skills for Writing

c. Gitta: negative
Derek: positive
They both talk about mobile phones.
d. Gitta: Michaela is her boss; the experience was negative because Michaela answered her
phone and wrote an email during a performance review meeting and Gitta was upset.
Derek: Emma is his niece; the experience was positive because he has a new toy.
2 READING
a. Yes, self-service check-outs.
b. 1 T 2 F – he had a great chat with the guy who served him. 3 T 4 F – he said it took longer. 5 T
6 F – he really missed his phone. 7 T
3 WRITING SKILLS
a. 2
b. He asks the reader a direct question: Have you ever wondered what it would be like to give up
technology?
c. 1 Paragraph 2: The first thing I usually do in a day

Paragraph 3: After breakfast,
Paragraph 4: Then
Paragraph 5: Afterwards,
By this stage
2 All in all
d. Not surprisingly Naturally Strangely Predictably Undoubtedly
e. Suggested answers
1 Why do some websites always ask you to change passwords? Having created a password for
my bank account, inevitably,/naturally, I was asked to change it two weeks later.
2 I usually hate anything to do with technology. Surprisingly,/Amazingly, I quite like using
the self-service check-out at the local supermarket.
3 I always expect IT products to be very expensive. Surprisingly,/Amazingly, the tablet I

bought last week cost very little.
4 I find it very difficult to install new software. Inevitably,/Not surprisingly, I’ve downloaded
the latest version of a program and my computer has frozen.
f. 5 Most articles benefit from personal opinions and examples.
Unit 1 Review and extension

1 GRAMMAR
a. 1 met
2 was living
3 arrived
4 had already left
5 noticed
6 was wearing
7 was chatting
8 went
9 started
10 felt
11 had known
12 are
13 have known
b. 1 Where did you grow up?

2 Didn’t you like living in San Diego?
3 How long did you stay there for?
4 What made you decide to move?
5 Do you think it was a good decision?
6 Who did you work with?
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 motivated
2 stubborn
3 respected
4 self-confident
5 passionate
6 inspiring
7 sensitive
8 arrogant
b. 1 had
2 out
3 to make
4 making
5 kept
6 keep
7 successfully
8 out
3 WORDPOWER
b. a 7 b 6 c 4 d 2 e 5 f 1 g 3
c. 1 out 2 up for 3 up your mind 4 a difference 5 the best 6 sense 7 friends
UNIT 2 Survival
2A It was getting late and I was lost
1 LISTENING
b. d
c. a 7 b 3 c 5 d 4 e 2 f 8 g 1 h 6
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 d 2 c 3 e 4 f 5 g 6 b 7 a 8 j 9 i 10 h
b. 1 get (the policeman’s) attention 2 got over 3 get the feeling 4 got to 5 got into trouble 6 get
hold of 7 got swept away 8 getting anywhere 9 get away 10 couldn’t get over
c. Answers (Vocabulary Focus 2 SB p.155)

a Emma: social club secretary Martin: his son
b 1 get straight to the point 2 get across 3 got involved 4 got through 5 getting
on my nerves 6 got a bit carried away 7 getting me down 8 get rid of
c There is linking in sentences 2 and 4. Linking happens when get is followed by a word
beginning with a vowel.
Pronunciation
a 1 get, negative 2 manage
b /g/ guard, guide, together, agree, forget, gardener /dʒ/ gymnastics, generous, biology,
religion, dangerous, bridge c 1 hard 2 soft, there are exceptions, e.g. together.
3 READING
a. 1 four days and three nights
2 strong underwater currents, lack of food and water, sunburn
b. 1 He first made a 200-metre swim from the shore.

2 After three days, he was seven kilometres out to sea.
3 On the fourth day, he started to be affected by the lack of food and water.
4 After three hours, no one had come for him.
5 The underwater currents swept him half a kilometre out to sea.
6 On the third day, he started to think he might not survive.
4 GRAMMAR
a. 1 d 2 c 3 a 4 b
b. The main verb is stressed (diving, swimming, wearing). We pronounce had been as /hədbɪn/.
c. Answers (Grammar Focus SB p.137)
a 2 didn’t notice, was wearing, had been hiding/was hiding
3 got, was watching, even said
4 were you, heard, was, was travelling
5 didn’t hurt, fell, was wearing
6 did the teacher just say, didn’t hear, wasn’t listening
b 1 she’d been running 2 I’d had 3 They’d been planning 4 we’d finished 5 had been raining 6
had they known 7 they’d been waiting 8 I’d already seen
c 1 happened 2 got 3 saw 4 was shining 5 left 6 started 7 we’d been walking 8 suddenly
became 9 had been 10 had washed 11 we decided 12 went 13 made 14 heard 15 had fallen
16 he’d landed 17 hadn’t hurt 18 climbed 19 explained 20 he’d been trying
d. Student A Student B
1 in the mountains 1 the Australian bush
1 yes 2 yes
e. Student A Student B
1 was going 1 had been living
2 came 2 was driving
3 remembered 3 stopped
4 ‘d seen 4 has eaten
5 had been searching 5 ‘d lost
2B If it runs towards you, don’t run away

1 READING
c. 1 Tigers and crocodiles are the most dangerous; tarantulas are the least dangerous.
2 Students’ own answers.
d. 1 ✓ 2 ✓ 3 ✗ 4 ✓ 5 ✓ 6 ✗
e. c The style is quite chatty and there are humorous comments.
g. 1 a 2 b, c 3 b
2 GRAMMAR
a. a Provided, As long as
b1
c2
d If you stay still, the bear will go away.
e The present tense comes after the words and phrases in bold, and a future time clause is used in
the other part of the sentence.
b. 1 pushing your thumbs into their eyes will also work well, as long as you press hard enough
2 Most animals won’t attack people unless you do something to make them angry; Wolves won’t
normally attack unless they are very hungry
3 Provided you seem bigger and more dangerous than the animal, it will probably leave you alone.
c. Answers (Grammar Focus 2B p.137)

a 3 as long as I tell them 4 unless you study 5 ✓ 6 in case it gets 7 I’ll lend … provided you don’t
drive
b 2 She’ll become a teacher when she finishes university. 3 They’ll be late unless they hurry up. 4 I’ll
send your work back to you as soon as I’ve checked it. 5 You can take photographs provided you
don’t use a flash. 6 You should take some money in case you need to take a taxi. 7 As long as you’re
careful, he won’t bite you. 8 You won’t understand unless you listen very carefully.
3 LISTENING AND VOCABULARY

c. 3
d. 3, 4
e. 1 No, the humans interfered with the tiger’s logical response.
2 Yes, the tiger’s response was just logical.
3 No, people who live in the area say it’s never happened before.
4 Yes, humans hunt tigers, live in their habitat and take away their natural food.
5 No, there are 40 million humans but only 500 tigers.
f. 1 at risk, creature, endangered, extinct, hunt, protected, rare, species

2 at risk, environment, habitats, natural, protected
g. 1 natural habitats 2 creature 3 hunt, environment 4 at risk 5 rare 6 endangered species, protected,
extinct
2C Everyday English
1 LISTENING
c. 1 She’s measuring the height of the tripod. 2 It’s difficult.
d. 1 T 2 F – she can’t get the right height or close enough. 3 T 4 T
a. Yeah, it’s hard, isn’t it?
b. 1 agree 2 interesting
c. 1 isn’t 2 were
d. negative, positive
3 PRONUNCIATION
a. down, not really a question
4 LISTENING
c. Tessa thinks her own photo is not bad.
Becky thinks her own photos are pretty boring, nothing special.
d. 1 It was something she was into, a kind of a hobby.

2 Who should take the photo of the squirrel.
3 Becky thinks the lighting is bad. Tessa thinks it’s her best shot.
4 Becky’s flat.
5 USEFUL LANGUAGE
b. 1 yes 2 neutral
c. 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 c

b. 1 Pacific Rim National Park, Canada
2 She got lost.
c. 1 She went the wrong way when taking what she thought was a short cut.
2 She waited until late aft ernoon because she knew the sun would go down in the west.
3 She followed a stream.
f. 1 T 2 F – she was panicking and terrified. 3 F – it flew away. 4 T
2 READING
b. A 4 B 1 C 2
c. 1 a map, suitable clothing and shoes, emergency food
2 Don’t take short cuts.
3 Don’t eat all your food at once, find a source of water.
4 Stay in one place, but if you need to keep moving, use rocks/signs to show rescuers.
3 WRITING SKILLS
a. Answers
positive imperative:
Wear clothes and shoes
Allow plenty of time
Have a little at a time
Try to find a source of water
Find somewhere that is dry
negative imperative:
Don’t eat all your food at once
Don’t keep moving around
frequency adverb + imperative:
Always try to stay warm
if + present tense + imperative:
If you are going on a longer walk, take some emergency food with you.
If you need to keep moving, make sure you use rocks or pieces of wood as signs that show rescuers
where you are going.
b. 1 a 2 a
c. 1 Don’t eat any plants you don’t recognise.

2✓
3 If you hear a rescue team, make lots of noise. 4 Always carry a pocket knife.
5✓
6✓

1 GRAMMAR
a. 1 tried
2 was
3 was living/lived
4 was travelling
5 decided/had decided
6 was
7 told/had told (had told = better) 8 was
9 did
10 was
11 was diving/dived (was diving = better)
12 saw
b. 1 d (as long as you choose an easy ski slope)

2 f (unless you’re prepared to fall down a lot at first)
3 e (provided you’re patient with yourself)
4 a (unless you can move your toes in your boots)
5 c (provided you keep moving)
6 b (if you’re generally fit and healthy)
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 I dropped my hat in the sea and it got swept away by a wave.
2 She couldn’t get over how hot it was.
3 He got into trouble for being late.
4 I got the feeling they didn’t like guests.
5 She’s now getting over the shock of losing her job last week.
6 They’re planning to get away to the countryside this weekend.
b. 1 endangered species 2 at risk, protected 3 extinct 4 natural habitats 5 rare
3 WORDPOWER
a. 1 d 2 f 3 a 4 h 5 g 6 c 7 e 8 b
b. 1 noun 2 verb 3 noun 4 verb 5 noun 6 verb 7 noun 8 verb
c. 5 because face is usually used with something that is difficult or possibly unpleasant.
d. 1 flat 2 difficult 3 fall 4 to 5 doing 6 the.
UNIT 3 Talent
3A I’m not very good in the morning
2 READING
b. 1 c 2 a 3 b
c. 1 Use mnemonics.
2 The afternoon class.
3 Yes, natural talent is not enough without practice.
4 No, you should study between 10 am and midday.
5 No, find an interesting book.
6 To become brilliant you need to work 2,000 hours more than anyone else.
3 VOCABULARY
a. 1 skilled, talented 2 successful 3 outstanding, exceptional, brilliant 4 in the future
b. 1 skill 2 talent 3 brilliance 4 ability
c. 1 at 2 to 3 for 4 to
4 LISTENING
a. 1 a Henry b Seamus c Fiona
2 Yes
5 GRAMMAR
a. 1 be into means to be interested and involved in something, come
up with means to think of an idea or a plan
2 try out means to use something to see if it works or you like it
The multi-word verb try out is similar to the verb try.
b. Answers (Grammar Focus 3A SB p.139)

a 1 a, b, c
2 a, b, d
3 a, d
4 a, b, d
b 2 Have you looked into the cause of the accident?
3 I’ve been into jazz since I was at university.
4 We’ve almost run out of food.
5 I hate to let you down.
6 I can’t figure it out.

7 I know I was wrong. Stop going on about it!
8 Do you think this product will take off?
3B There are lots of good runners in Kenya

1 READING
a.
Rafael Nadal – tennis
Jessica Ennis-Hill – running (heptathlon)
Rory McIlroy – golf
Eero Mäntyranta – skier
Donald Thomas – high jumper
Moses Masai – runner
anonymous baseball player
d. They all have a natural or genetic advantage that makes them good at their sport.
e. Cross-country skiing. Eero Mäntyranta. Had an unusual gene
– produced more blood cells than normal. Seven medals in
Olympics.
High jump. Donald Thomas. Unusually long legs and an
exceptionally long Achilles tendon. Won the world championships.
Distance running. The Kalenjin tribe. Long, thin legs and ankles.
The world’s best runners.
Baseball. Baseball professionals. Remarkable eyesight. Can see a
ball travelling at 150km an hour.
f. genetic make-up and training and practice are mentioned
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 champion 2 performed 3 competitor 4 championships, training 5 victory 6 athletes 7 professional
b. Answers (Vocabulary Focus 3B SB p.156)
a 1 represent 2 spectators 3 led 4 awarded 5 cheered 6 world record 7 referee 8 pitch
b 1 world record, represent 2 cheered, pitch 3 cheered, awarded
Pronunciation
a.
Verb Noun (event or Noun (person) Adjective
activity)
compete competition competitor competitive
athletics athlete athletic
victory victor victorious
championship champion
train training trainer
perform performer performance
profession professional professional
b. compete competition competitor competitive

athletics athlete athletic
victory victor victorious
championship champion
train training trainer
perform performance performer
profession professional professional
c. athlete /ˈæθliːt/ athletics /æθˈletɪks/

victory /ˈvɪktəri/ victorious /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/
compete /kəmˈpiːt/ competitor /kəmˈpetɪtə/
3 LISTENING
a. 1 She’s a professional runner and trainer.
2 She mainly agrees with them.
b. 1 a 2 a,b,c
c. 1 She’s been playing tennis since she was a child and she’s been a professional tennis player for ten
years.
2 She completely agrees with them.
d. 1 They have physical things in common, like long arms or good eyesight, or being aged between 18
and 25.
2 These are things which can’t be changed, sport isn’t always fair.
3 Some people don’t need to train as much as others because they have a natural advantage.
4 GRAMMAR
a. 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 c
b. Answers (Grammar Focus 3B SB p.139)
a 1 a2 2 b1 3 a1 4 b2 5 a1 6 b2 7 a2 8 b1
b 3 ✓ 4 We’ve given 5 ✓ 6 ✓ 7 I haven’t heard 8 have called

c 2 ’ve been waiting 3 Have you been studying 4 hasn’t said 5 Have you cleaned 6 Have you been
crying, ’ve been chopping
2 She’s really fit. She’s been running since she was ten years old.
3 Of course I can play chess. I’ve won many competitions.
4 Why don’t you buy a new pair of skis? You’ve been using those skis for a long time.
5 READING AND SPEAKING

a. 1 They were both very successful baseball players. They both had injuries.
2 Alex Rodriguez was banned from playing after taking steroids and is widely hated. Tommy John
had a very successful operation which improved his performance and is regarded as a sporting hero.
3C Everyday English
1 LISTENING
c. 1 the supermarket
2 They’ve both bought two bags of cheese (on offer).
d. photographs Becky has taken
Becky’s classmate, Tessa
Tom’s promotion dinner
e. photographs Becky has taken. She’s taken very good photos and she’s gradually got better.
Becky’s classmate, Tessa: amazing natural ability, maybe she’s been practising for years
Tom’s promotion: He will tell his parents on Saturday.
Dinner: cheese on toast
f. the date, guests, the venue, the cake

g. 1 Who they should invite.
2 Tom seems to have the more serious attitude towards planning the wedding.
a. Anyway, as I was saying
b. as I was saying …
to go/get back to …
just getting/going back to …
as we were saying …
c. so, anyway
3 PRONUNCIATION
a. 1 I’ve gradually got better …
2 … guests, a venue for the reception, the cake.
3 But don’t you agree that she’d be perfect …
4 We’ll need a photographer
b. voiced: better
unvoiced: people
We use the same lip position for both sounds.
c. 1 bill 2 goat 3 fan 4 leave 5 lap 6 bag
4 LISTENING
a. 3
b. 1 Aunt Clare: she’s mad
2 Uncle Fred: he’ll sit next to Aunt Clare; he never says anything
3 Tom’s colleagues: Becky suggests inviting them to the evening reception; Tom thinks it’s easier
not to invite them
4 Regent’s Lodge: wedding venue; near where Becky’s cousin lives; lovely old hotel
5 after they get married: where they will live
5 USEFUL LANGUAGE
a. could always
be easier
b. 1
c. 1 c, d, e
2 a, b
d. 1 Another idea might be to book a DJ for the reception.

2 Don’t you think it would be a good idea to invite more people?
3 I thought maybe we could get married at home.
4 How does it sound if we only have a small cake?

b. 1 snowboarding 2 cycling 3 handball
c. Lizzie: cycling
Barry: snowboarding
Patricia: handball
d. Lizzie: wanting to do exercise, not good at sports; been doing it just six months, trains four days a
week on a track and on the open road; going to compete in small local race
Barry: finds it uncomfortable to run, initially he did it to have fun; been doing it just over a year –
realised he’s good at it; going to compete in championships this winter
Patricia: good at basketball and wanted a sport to get fit; been doing it for about nine months,
practises once a week; her team is thinking about entering some championships
2 READING
a. 1 T 2 T 3 F – only the years 2005/2006 and 2012/2013 are shown. 4 F – three of the sports had
more participation in 2005/2006.
b. yes
c. 1 No, there has been no rush by British people to get involved in sport.
2 No, it represents a range of related sports.
3 A decrease in the number of people swimming.
4 The inclusion of BMX.
5 People are getting involved in a wide range of sports.
3 WRITING SKILLS
a. 1 c 2 e 3 d 4 a 5 b
b. 1 noticeable 2 change 3 slight / significant
4 slight / significant 5 slightly / noticeably
6 slightly / noticeably 7 hasn’t decreased
c. 1 back 2 a
d. Possible answers
1 The number of people playing tennis has increased slightly.
2 The number of football teams has decreased significantly.
3 Gym memberships have increased noticeably.
4 There has been a slight decrease in the number of volleyball
teams.

1 GRAMMAR
a. 1 pick it up 2 look down on me 3 get me down 4 is making it up 5 coming up with 6 figure it out
b. 1 been doing 2 been sorting 3 finished
4 seen 5 been doing 6 been studying

2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 We’re looking for someone with the ability to lead a team of researchers.
2 She’s very skilled at designing things. / She’s a very skilled designer.
3 The members of the band are all outstanding musicians.
4 He has the potential to become a very good politician.
5 He’s an exceptional goalkeeper.
6 My sister is a brilliant cook. / My sister is brilliant at cooking.
b. 2 competitor 3 athletics 4 professional 5 performance 6 victorious
3 WORDPOWER
a. 1 d 2 a 3 c 4 b
b. 1 a 2 c 3 a 4 b
d. It referred to the underlined ideas below.
1 He has dropped a glass and broken it.
2 The student doesn’t know the meaning of the word.
3 She found Spanish grammar difficult to learn.
4 Their lunch breaks are too short.
e. 1 Walk more slowly! I can’t keep up with you.

2 He’s a very good father. His children really look up to him.
3 We invited 50 people, but only a few turned up.
4 He’s so rude. I don’t know why people put up with it.
f. a 4 b 1 c 3 d 2
Unit 4 Life events

2 READING
b. 1 pay day 2 mansions 3 earthquake 4 parliament 5 kids 6 satisfied 7 mayor
c. Student A
1 She lived in a small apartment and couldn’t aff ord a car.
2 $10.5 million
3 She went on lots of holidays and shopping trips, and bought a big house and four cars.
4 family (her parents and four siblings) and friends
5 She lives in a rented house near to where she used to live. She doesn’t have any cars and rides an
electric bike or takes the bus.
6 Instead of shopping all the time, other things are important to her.
Student B
1 He worked long hours as a taxi driver and security guard.
2 He had a dream about diamonds and a number.
3 $55 million
4 He gave one last free taxi ride, then he bought a Mercedes and two mansions.
5 He moved to his hometown, Battagram, and became the mayor. Two days later there was an
earthquake, so he used his lottery money to buy medicine and building materials.
6 He thinks that giving people money is never enough and that people are never satisfied – they
always want more.
7 He wasn’t popular with the people of Pakistan (they thought he behaved like an American, not a
Pakistani), and resigned in 2008. He tried to be elected to the Pakistan parliament but didn’t get
enough votes.
3 GRAMMAR
a. 1 past 2 now 3 used to 4 would 5 used to 6 would
b. Tirabassi used to live
she would take friends
she would regularly go
where she would buy
she’s happier now than she used to be
I used to spend
Khan used to work
he would usually send
he used to think
c. 1 (b)
2 a Today, the Tirabassi family no longer live in a huge house.
b He used to think he could use his money to fix everything, but he doesn’t believe that any more.
No longer comes before the main verb; the main verb comes between not and any more.

a 2 a, b 3 a 4 a, b 5 b 6 a
b 1 used to be 2 didn’t use to 3 used to 4 get used to 5 use to go 6 get used to
4 LISTENING
b. 1 no 2 No, but it won’t stop you being happy, either. 3 no
c. 2 ✓ 4 ✓ 5 ✓
5 VOCABULARY
a. 1 to 2 causes 3 on 4 of 5 affect 6 in
b. 1 leads to, results in
2 as a result of
3 affect is a verb, effect is mainly used as a noun
4 In sentence 4, result is a noun; in sentence 6, result is a verb.
c. 1 effect 2 lead 3 affect 4 cause 5 result 6 result
6 LISTENING
b. Alphonso talks about lifestyle, attitudes to life, work, money and leisure.
Dragana talks about attitude to life.
c. 1 T
2 F – they both had good jobs and they had a small flat in town, so they didn’t need to care about
money very much
3 F – he’s become a bit more cautious than he used to be
4 F – she’s from a fairly small town
5 F – she had a good time there
6T
4B We weren’t allowed to talk in class

2 GRAMMAR
a. You can do all the studying you like
These days you need a degree no matter what you do;
you simply can’t get a job without one;
I kept telling myself ‘I must finish it’
You don’t have to have a university degree
b. 1 have to, need to, must 2 don’t have to 3 can 4 can’t
3 READING
b. 1 Photos a and d show acrobats and actors at a traditional Chinese theatre. Photos b and c show
Swiss Guards at the Vatican.
2 Students at the Peking Opera School train for ten hours every day and perform in theatres at
night; Swiss guards need to learn languages, martial arts, and do military training.
c. 1 P 2 S 3 S 4 P 5 P 6 P 7 S 8 S
4 VOCABULARY
a. tricky
b. 1 punishing 2 rigorous 3 strict
d. Answers (Vocabulary Focus 4B SB p.157)
a 1 demanding 2 awkward 3 testing 4 challenged 5 delicate 6 not very straightforward 7 a struggle 8
stretched
b delicate, awkward
c 1 demanding/testing 2 awkward/delicate 3 struggle 4 straightforward 5 challenged/stretched
Pronunciation
b 1 cup – struggle 2 put – cushion 3 true – include 4 thin – busy
sound 1 /ʌ/ sound 2 /ʊ/ sound 3 /uː/ or /juː/ sound 4 /ɪ/

subject pullover amusing business
unfortunately pudding super
supper helpful assume
punish focus unfortunately
5 LISTENING
a. 1
b. 1 T 2 F – she thinks she was lucky to be selected. 3 F – one teacher was really relaxed. 4 T 5 T 6 F
– he says no one knew how difficult it would be. 7 T 8 T
6 GRAMMAR
a. 1 O 2 O 3 P 4 P 5 P 6 O
a 2 you ought to write to them 3 forced me to give them my phone 4 be allowed to park there 5 you
can go home 6 were supposed to bring strong shoes 7 didn’t let me use a dictionary 8 made us stop
b 2 couldn’t 3 allowed 4 had/needed 5 supposed 6 supposed 7 can’t/mustn’t 8 allowed/supposed
4C Everyday English
1 LISTENING
c. Becky is showing the tutor photos that she and Tessa took for the project.
d. 1 Becky’s and Tessa’s
2 close-up shots, sharp details and clear colours
3 bridges
2 USEFUL LAGUAGE
a. 1 2 2 b 3 n 4 1 5 b 6 1 7 n 8 n
b. 1, 5
3 LISTENING
a. 1 college, a presentation, the next assignment 2 to the café
b. 1 B 2 T 3 T
b. It is more polite.
d. 1 a football match 2 a restaurant meal 3 bank managers 4 a party 5 a film
5 PRONUNCIATION
a. 1 It’s not that boring 2 b
6 LISTENING
a. 1
b. 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 F – she accepts 5 – F he accidentally deletes the chapter 6 F – he doesn’t, she asks
who he is 7 T

b. Eva: meeting people; the climate; the culture
Nick: the culture; speaking the language; meeting people
Jean: meeting people; the culture; speaking the language
c. Eva
1 It was new, exciting; a good experience; a lot to see.
2 getting to know people, the cold weather
3 It was a big city; cold in winter; people do things indoors.
Nick
1 He stayed with a family; got to know lots of people; the people were friendly.
2 learning the language (at first)
3 not as beautiful as his home town but people were friendlier
Jean
1 He had a good salary, so he had a good time; it’s a beautiful country; people were friendly and
hospitable
2 getting to know the culture
3 people had a diff erent lifestyle; he spent his time with other foreigners (expatriates)
d. 1 Nick: He learnt the language and had a great time.
2 Nick: Katowice was industrial, but a friendly and welcoming place to live.
3 Eva: It was so cold in Toronto it affected your mood and people did things inside their houses
rather than outside.
4 Jean: He spent his time with other foreigners and didn’t manage to learn Arabic.
5 Eva: It’s a good experience.
2 READING
a. 1 A volunteer who offers assistance and friendship.
2 Free membership of the International Students Club, free training courses, the opportunity to get
cross-cultural experiences, and languages and skills look impressive on your CV.
3 Someone open-minded and interested in other cultures, with knowledge of English and other
languages.
b. He speaks several languages; he’s outgoing and sociable; he understands the needs of foreign
students; he knows London well; he’s interested in other cultures; he believes in intercultural contact.
3 WRITING SKILLS
a. 1 I am fluent in English.
2 I am also very sociable.
3 I am … good at communicating with people.
4 I am in an excellent position to understand the needs of students.
5 I … have a thorough knowledge of the city.
6 I have always been very keen on learning about other cultures.
7 I would be more than happy to give up my free time.
8 I could make a genuine and valuable contribution to your programme.
b. I am sure, I am confident, I strongly believe, I’m certain

c. 2

1 GRAMMAR
a. 1 I used to be a nurse 2 I no longer do shift work 3 I would sometimes sleep in 4 I don’t take my
lunch to work any more 5 I used to wear a uniform 6 I no longer have to deal with difficult patients 7 I
didn’t use to be so happy/I used to be less happy
b. I went to a very strict primary school when I was a child. I wasn’t allowed had/was supposed to do
about two hours’ homework every night, which meant there was little time to play with friends. But
often, my parents told me just to study for an hour and wrote a note for the teacher excusing me from
homework. In class we weren’t let allowed to talk to each other when we were working on a task
because teachers didn’t like noisy classrooms. However, we were allowed to put up our hand and ask
our teacher a question as she felt it was good to help students. We weren’t allowed had / were
supposed to do some kind of physical exercise every day after lunch, but that made us very tired in the
afternoon. One good thing is that they supposed made/let us learn a musical instrument and I learnt to
play the clarinet, which I still enjoy doing.
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 by 2 on 3 in 4 to 5 of
c. 1 punishing 2 strict 3 tough 4 arduous 5 rigorous 6 tricky
3 WORDPOWER
a. 1 as for 2 As a whole 3 As a matter of fact 4 as follows 5 as if 6 As far as I’m concerned 7 As far
as restaurants are concerned 8 As far as I know
b. 1 g, follows
2 c, am
3 e, for
4 b, know
5 a, a
6 d, a
7 h, if
8 f, concerned
Unit 5 Chance
1 READING
d. Most people are naturally optimistic and this is generally an advantage for the human race, because
it helps us to be more successful.
e. 2 ✓ 3 ✓ 5 ✓ 6 ✓ 8 ✓
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 optimistic 2 realistic 3 unrealistic 4 adventurous 5 cautious 6 ambitious
c. Answers (Vocabulary Focus 5A SB p.158)
a 1 disorganised 2 well-organised 3 competitive 4 sympathetic 5 thoughtful 6 irresponsible 7
unreliable 8 critical
thoughtful thoughtless
well-organised disorganised
reliable unreliable
responsible irresponsible
sympathetic unsympathetic
competitive uncompetitive
critical uncritical
c -less, dis-, un-, ir-
d 1 correct 2 incorrect (responsible) 3 correct 4 correct 5 incorrect (thoughtless) 6 incorrect

(sympathetic) 7 correct
Pronunciation
a thoughtful /θ/, weather /ð/, sympathetic /θ/, clothes /ð/,
seventh/θ/
/θ/ (think) /d/ (the)

thumb leather
month together
something therefore
north northern
healthy Netherlands
enthusiastic
worth
3 LISTENING
b. Chance of living to be 100 (man): 1 in 6
Chance of living to be 100 (woman): 1 in 4
Chance of having a road accident: 1 in 8,000
Chance of winning the lottery: 1 in 18 million
Chance of being in a plane crash: 1 in a million
c. 1 Sit at the back of the plane or over the wing, near the exit.
2 The safest way to travel is to take a train to the airport.
3 Live in a country with modern medicine, like Japan.
4 GRAMMAR
a. 1 unlikely 2 probably 3 certainly 4 likely 5 chance 6 may 7 probably, could 8 certainly
b. 1 you’ll almost certainly
2 you’ll probably be; you’re more likely to; you have quite a good chance of
3 may well; you could
4 it’s very unlikely; you probably won’t; you almost certainly won’t
c. 1 will probably/certainly (+ verb)

2 probably/certainly won’t (+ verb)
3 is/are likely/unlikely to (+ verb)

4 It’s unlikely that …
5 There’s a chance that …
d. 1 I will probably meet someone famous in my life.

2 I’m likely to have children.
3 I will almost certainly fall in love at least once in my life.
4 I almost certainly won’t become a millionaire.
5 Someone will probably steal from me.
6 I probably won’t live in the same place all my life.
e. Answers (Grammar Focus 5A SB p.143)

a 2 suppose 3 likely 4 can’t 5 no 6 might 7 sure 8 shouldn’t 9 chance 10 if
b 2 probably won’t leave.
3 bound to win a medal.
4 unlikely that these new phones will sell well.
5 might not notice.
6 sure to be another chance.
5B I’ll be settling into my accommodation

2 VOCABULARY
b. rough weather global warming
environmentally friendly carbon footprint
solar energy climate change
fragile environment the Earth’s atmosphere
ecological impact
c. 1 solar, carbon footprint 2 ecological impact 3 rough weather 4 the Earth’s atmosphere 5 fragile,
environment 6 climate change, global warming 7 environmentally friendly
3 LISTENING
a. 1 not very well
2 light-hearted
3 They’re full of attitude and can be quite aggressive.
4 The research can tell scientists a lot about what’s happening in the Antarctic ecosystem as well as
the rest of the planet.
b. 1 penguins get into pairs 2 Martha arrives in Antarctica

3 the eggs are laid 4 penguin chicks are born 5 tags are put on the penguins
4 GRAMMAR
a. Future continuous: 1, 2 Future perfect: 3
a 3 I’ll be attending 4 I’ll have written 5 I’ll be working 6 ✓ 7 I’ll be carrying 8 ✓
b 2 Will you have got 3 I’ll still be dealing 4 I’ll have finished 5 I’ll be leaving 6 I’ll be seeing 7
She’ll have watched
5C Everyday English
b. 1 Phil finishes his chapter. 2 Sam talks about money. 3 Phil suggests staying open longer. 4 Phil
asks about Tessa.
c. 1 The café isn’t making enough money.

2 They need to hire a cook and set up the kitchen properly.
3 It will bring extra money.
4 If she goes to the same college as Becky.
2 LISTENING
a. money problems, staying open later, hiring a cook, investing money in the café
b. Idea: stay open Friday and Saturday evenings and serve food
Reasons to do it: get more business, people oft en ask if the café is open in the evenings
Problems: invest more money, have to put in a proper kitchen/hire a cook
3 USEFUL LANGUAGE
b. 1 trouble
2 good thing about it
c. sentence 1: problem, disadvantage, drawback

sentence 2: advantage, best thing
d. one good thing about

the advantage/disadvantage of
the only drawback of
another problem with
the trouble with
e. Possible answers
1 The good thing about it is / The advantage is / One of the best things about it is I’d get fit.
2 The trouble is / The disadvantage is / The only drawback is / The problem is it would be very
expensive.
3 The trouble is / The disadvantage is / The only drawback is / The problem is I don’t speak the
language.
4 PRONUNCIATION
a. 1 There is a slight pause after the bold phrase in each sentence.
2 good, is, trouble is
3 up
5 LISTENING
a. 1 Emma. She thinks they could get locals to play at the weekend.
2 Sam is concerned by the cost. He thinks they could probably get some students to do it for free.
3 Emma. Sam thinks they could ask Tessa to do it for free.
4 Emma. Sam thinks Phil would do it for free.
b. Emma: full of ideas, enthusiastic, fair to employees

Sam: cautious in making decisions, worried about the future, careful with money
b. 1 lovely 2 worth 3 bad 4 possibility
Reply 1 is more enthusiastic. Replies 2, 3 and 4 are more cautious.
It’s an idea, I suppose. 2
Yes, that makes sense. 3
That’s a great idea. 5
What a brilliant idea! 6
Mm, I don’t know about that. 1
Yes, good idea. 4

a. a snow b flooding c drought d a hurricane
b. 1 photo b: under water, higher ground, cut off , rescued, rain, river levels, rise
2 photo a: temperatures dropped, –25°C, abandon their vehicles, cut off , not to go out, below –
20°C, heavy snow
3 photo c: lowest (rainfall) ever, three days of rain, emergency supplies of water, dry weather,
harvest threatened
4 photo d: winds of over 150 km an hour, strike the coast, provide food and shelter, abandon their
homes
2 READING
a. 1 a 2 b
b. For: There are more extreme weather events like scientists predicted, and scientists agree these changes are
happening faster and are a direct result of human activity. Scientists warn things will get worse.
Against: There have always been extreme weather events, but it’s not certain it’s due to human activity.
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
• understand news reports about extreme
3 WRITING SKILLS
a. 1 Introduction – stating the problem
2 Arguments for the existence of climate change
3 Arguments against the existence of climate change
4 Conclusion – summarising the main points and giving Leon’s point of view
b. 1 He asks a direct question and relates the topic to people.

2 He refers to the opinions of scientists and ‘some people’.
c. 1 On balance 2 My own view is 3 Furthermore 4 However

d. 1 Many scientists also warn that …
Scientists predicted that …
2 Many people believe that …
People have always complained about …
Not everyone agrees with …
Some people point out that …
3 People are worried about …
Most scientists agree that / Many people believe that / Some people point out that investment in
cleaner energy should continue.
Most scientists agree that / Many people believe that / Some people point out that the Earth has
always had warmer and colder periods.
Most scientists agree that / Many people believe that / Many scientists also warn that / Scientists
predict that / Some people point out that it is already too late to stop climate change.

1 GRAMMAR
a. 1 Cities are likely to become more dangerous over the next 50 years.
2 There’s a good chance scientists will find a way to delay the ageing process.
3 The Democratic Party could well win the next election.
4 There are bears in this forest, but you are unlikely to see one.
b. 1 have retired
2 be working
3 have had
4 have saved
5 have got
6 have had
7 be living
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 realistic
2 well-organised
3 sympathetic
4 adventurous
5 critical
6 reliable
b. 1 unreliable
2 insensitive
3 irresponsible
4 thoughtless
5 disorganised (or badly organised)
6 unrealistic
3 WORDPOWER
a. 1 part of a person’s character
2 group or team
3 point of view
b. 1 side by side
2 on your side
3 look on the bright side
4 on the side
5 see the funny side
6 to one side
7 from side to side

c. 1 7
21
Unit 6 Around the globe

1 READING AND LISTENING
b. Positive: 1, 4, 5, 7
Negative: 2, 3, 6, 8
c. 1 The Tower of London

2 Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna
3 Topkapi Palace, Istanbul
4 The Louvre, Paris
5 Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna
6 The Tower of London
7 Topkapi Palace, Istanbul
8 The Louvre, Paris
d. Di mentions the Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna.

Bernie mentions the Louvre, Paris.
Di thinks the people organising these tours try to include too much in the timetable. Bernie thinks
that sightseeing tours would mean you get to see a bit more and don’t waste time working things out.
e. Di
1 She was travelling on her own and thought it would be a good way to meet other people.
2 The people organising the tour try to include too much in the timetable.
3 In the maze at the Schönbrunn Palace.
4 They spent a week in a hotel in Rome and then went to Florence and Venice.
Bernie
1 three other friends
2 The information in them didn’t match reality.
3 They were driving on the wrong side of the road.
4 There were lots of people in the room taking pictures on their phones, and he couldn’t really see the
painting.
2 GRAMMAR
a. 1 to meet 2 to travel 3 Driving 4 arriving
b. a 4 b 3 c 1 d 2
c. 1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b
d. The objects in brackets go after the main verb (hear, noticed). These verbs are connected with
senses (hearing, seeing, etc.).

a 2 see 3 being 4 riding 5 to talk
b 1 d 2 i 3 f 4 a 5 h 6 e 7 b 8 j 9 g 10 c
c 2 speaking 3 Living, learning 4 to check 5 running 6 being 7 To avoid 8 to leave 9 Spending 10

beating
f. 1 Seeing 2 visiting 3 speaking 4 to go 5 to look for 6 having 7 Discovering 8 to visit 9 being 10

seeing
3 READING
a. 1 Mexico, Vietnam, Russia
2 no
3 Mexico and Vietnam: part of nature Russia: man-made
b. 1 T 2 F – it’s extinct. 3 F – the food was superb. 4 T 5 F – they were moved there in the 1950s
from elsewhere. 6 T
4 VOCABULARY
a. positive
b. 1 special 2 stays in your mind for a long time 3 foreign and interesting 4 exciting and surprising
5 something you admire 6 only one 7 of very high quality 8 very surprised 9 almost as though hit by
its beauty 10 beautiful and exciting
c. impressive stunning breathtaking
remarkable dramatic memorable
superb exotic
astonishing unique

a 1 outskirts 2 feature 3 constructions 4 setting
ba4b1c3d2e6f5
c 1 get 2 running 3 turned 4 stopped
Pronunciation
a They are all several consonants pronounced together.
b a•ppro•val di•scuss•ion ex•pen•sive a•pply hun•gry trans•fer con•trast de•stroy
6B About half the world’s languages will disappear

b. 1 ‘Small’ languages, such as tribal languages in Northern Australia.
2 An area where there are many languages but they’re spoken by very few people.
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 preserve 2 be lost, die out, disappear 3 increase 4 decrease, decline 5 revive 6 deteriorate
b. 1 increasing 2 decreasing/declining 3 being lost / dying out / disappearing 4 revive
c. The verbs have the stress on the second syllable; the nouns have the stress on the first syllable.
e. 1 disappearance 2 deterioration 3 revival 4 preservation
3 READING
a. The languages are similar in that they are very old and are/were spoken by a very small group of
people.
They are different in that one language has died out, one is likely to die out soon, but the other one is
being spoken by an increasing number of people.
b. Suggested answers
number increasing/ other important
of speakers decreasing facts
Bo 0 lost 65,000-year link to
one of the world’s
oldest cultures; been
spoken since preneolithic
times
N|u 8 decreasing During apartheid,
people were
discouraged from
speaking N|u
Wampanoag About 50 increasing Jessie Little Doe and
her husband are
raising their threeyear-
old daughter
in the language and
organise a ‘language
camp’ every summer
4 GRAMMAR
a. 1 c 2 g 3 f 4 h 5 a 6 e 7 b 8 d
b. a
c. one which is being brought back (present continuous passive)
N|u is now only spoken (present simple passive)
were discouraged (past simple passive)

which is attended (present simple passive)
is spoken (present simple passive)
has been revived (present perfect passive)

a 2 was sent 3 is used 4 will be informed 5 hasn’t been caught 6 had already been taken/were
already taken
b 2 were told about this restaurant by my sister 3 can only be dreamed of 4 had already been built
1,000 years ago 5 can’t always be depended on 6 will be looked after well
c 2 from 3 by 4 with 5 from 6 from, by
e. The N|u language is in serious danger because it is only spoken in a few small villages. In the past,
it was spoken in a large region of South Africa and Namibia. It has now been recorded and written
down and it is being taught to children in schools by teachers who have learned the language
themselves.
5 LISTENING AND SPEAKING

b. 1 Yes, it is part of your identity.
Yes, we’re losing part of human culture.
2 No, you can keep your own ‘small’ language and learn a ‘big’ language.
3 Yes, if we want to enough.
c. 1 ✓ 2 ✓ 4 ✓ 6 ✓ 7 ✓
6C Everyday English
1 LISTENING
c. Sam and Emma ask Becky to do them a favour. They’d like her to look after the café at the
weekend.
a. The written dialogue is shorter, more direct and not as polite.
b. 3
2
c. 3 They realise they’re asking Becky a big favour.

d. 1 c Do you mind if I ask you something?
2 a I’m really sorry to ask you this, but …
3 e There’s an idea I’d like to run past you.
4 b I was wondering if you wouldn’t mind …?

5 d I hope you don’t mind my asking, but …
e. 1 Go right ahead.
2 No, not at all. / No, that’s fine.
3 What is it?
3 USEFUL LANGUAGE
a. really nice
b. 1 We really appreciate it.
2 We’re really grateful.
3 It’s so kind of you.
4 I don’t know how to thank you.
c. 4 It is not polite: we usually show that we are happy to help and aren’t doing the favour in order to
get the other person’s gratitude.
4 LISTENING
b. 1 To return Becky’s notes.
2 Because he has a great idea for the story.
3 She can’t start the assignment this weekend (because she is working).
c. 1 T 2 F – she asks Phil to tell her his ideas. 3 T 4 F – she offers to clear tables. 5 F – she doesn’t
suggest this.
5 PRONUNCIATION
a. 1 /θ/ thirty think
2 /ð/ they together
3 /s/ say sorry
4 /z/ zero close
5 /ʃ/ shop fiction
6 /ʒ/ usually pleasure
7 /ʧ/ choose check
8 /ʤ/ jeans bridges
b. 1 ideas /z/
2 earth /θ/
3 television /ʒ/
4 jewel /ʤ/
5 bother /ð/
6 sugar /ʃ/
7 science /s/
8 future /ʧ/

b. cars
meals
c. 1 They drove.
2 It’s a salt desert.
3 They camped. The first night was very uncomfortable because there was no airbed. For the
second night, they were lucky to find a place.
4 They saw the sun rise and saw a condor.
5 They went to Las Vegas.
2 READING
a. We ate, then went to the Desert Drive Watch Tower to watch the sun going down.
After breakfast, we headed up to the village where a bus service took us round the other part of the
South Rim. We took a short walk …
We watched [condors] circling right above our heads.
We saw the canyon from a few different viewpoints.
After that, we headed up to Lake Mead for a few days to relax before the madness of Las Vegas.
3 WRITING SKILLS
a. very beautiful: breathtaking, superb, impressive, fantastic very big: huge
b. positive: mind-blowing, fabulous, awesome, out of this world, unbelievable, awe-inspiring,
unforgettable
negative: disappointing, ordinary, uninspiring, dull
c. 1 mind-blowing, fabulous, awesome, out of this world, unbelievable, awe-inspiring, unforgettable

2 disappointing, ordinary, uninspiring, dull
The words totally and completely can replace absolutely. The words really and extremely can replace
very.
d. Suggested answers
1 Manhattan was amazing and I thought the buildings were very inspiring.
2 The Niagara Falls were amazing. We went on a boat below the Falls – it was unbelievable.
3 People say that Las Vegas is a mind-blowing place to visit, but I thought it was dull.
e. 1 It was an experience in itself.

2 It was the experience of a lifetime.
3 It was a whole different experience.

1 GRAMMAR
a. 1 to relax
2 to help you
3 to remember to do
4 notice people doing
5 remember doing
c. 1 was given 2 bought 3 was discovered 4 was seen 5 passed 6 was being cleaned 7 said 8 was sold
9 paid 10 was valued
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 memorable
2 impressive
3 exotic
4 stunning
5 breathtaking
b. 1 deterioration
2 revive
3 preserve
4 died out
5 decreased
6 increase
7 been lost
3 WORDPOWER
a. 1 burn out
2 pass out
3 work out
4 fallen out
5 run out
6 stands out
7 turned out
8 chill out
b. 1 turning out
2 chilling out
3 run out
4 burn out
5 stands out
6 work out
7 pass out
8 falls out
Unit 7 City living

7A There’s very little traffic
2 READING
b. 2
c. 1 When it comes to doing business … speed is important.
2 We seem to associate ‘slow’ with failure, inefficiency and perhaps worse: laziness.
3 There is pressure to be available 24/7.
4 Not relaxing can make us more impatient and less polite.
5 People now work the equivalent of a full month more each year than they did two decades earlier
… people get about two hours’ less sleep than they did 60 years ago.
6 Doctors who hadn’t had enough sleep showed that they had the same reaction speed as people
who had drunk two glasses of beer.
7 Scientists have discovered a link between sleep debt and cancer, heart disease, diabetes,
infections and obesity.
3 GRAMMAR
a. 1 We worry that we’re too slow.
2 We aren’t efficient enough or productive enough to succeed.
3 Many people complain that they don’t have enough time.
4 They have too much work to do every day.
5 There are always too many things that they haven’t done.
b. 1 1, 2
2 3, 4, 5
c. 1 an adjective, a noun
2 uncountable, countable
3 after, before
d. 1 so, such 2 so 3 such

a 2 enough 3 too much 4 too 5 too much 6 enough 7 too 8 Too many
b1e2d3a4b5f6c
c 2 such a pity 3 old enough to 4 too tired to 5 such a good player (that) 6 was so serious (that)
f. 1 I have such so much work to do that I often have to work at weekends.

2 You spend too many much time in front of the computer.
3 We don’t have enough money enough to buy a new car.
4 He doesn’t like his job, but he’s much too much lazy to look for a better one.
5 Cheer up! Why are you always in so such a bad mood?
6 I’ll have to draw the plan again. It isn’t enough clear enough.

b. 1,2
c. 1 A system where they monitor cars, public transport system with a single card.
2 A system which monitors traffic congestion and tells drivers where they can find a free parking
space.
3 The whole city is powered by solar panels, public transport is electric, a 100% sustainable city.
4 Residents have a 15-minute walk across a park to work and they can use the park in their lunch
break.
5 VOCABULARY
a. 1 quality of life 2 local residents 3 traffic congestion 4 parking space 5 urban development 6 public
transport 7 air pollution 8 residential areas
b. 1 d 2 g 3 e 4 f 5 a 6 b 7 c
6 LISTENING
a. 1 Daniela: Yes, it’s been developed to suit the people who live there.
Richard: Yes, it’s so full of life and there are people everywhere.
2 Daniela: yes
Richard: no
b. 1, 2, 4
7B I could have it done by a professional

1 READING
d. 3
e. survival: The film crew and director are nearby and the person is in no real danger.
cooking: People aren’t chosen just because they are good cooks, but to include a range
of personalities that might conflict.
home The contestants don’t do all the work – a lot of the work is done by
renovation: professionals.
garden The TV company has the design done by a landscape architect.

makeover:
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 the production company 2 the director 3 the film crew 4 the viewer
b. 1 d 2 c 3 a 4 b
c. Answers (Vocabulary Focus 7B SB p.160)
a • words that refer to people who work in film and TV: editor, presenter
• verb forms that refer to when a film or TV show is shown: was released, is broadcast
• words that talk about the way TV shows are divided up: episode, series
• verb forms that talk about what can happen during the making of a TV programme or film: was
captured, was cut
b 1 yes 2 no 3 cinema, broadcast 4 camera operator, editor
c They are in a passive form. This is typical.
d 1 cast 2 cut 3 released 4 editor 5 shots, plot 6 episode 7 producer 8 captured
Pronunciation
a four: editor / director /ə/ broadcast /ɔː/ episode /əʊ/ company /ʌ/
b sound 1: broadcast
sound 3: editor, director
sound 4: company
sound 6: episode
c /ɔː/ bought, corner, support /ə/ police, correct
/ʌ/ young, nothing /əʊ/ show, throw, chose
3 GRAMMAR
a. 1
a1A2C3B4A5B6C7A8A
b 1 have/get my flat cleaned 2 have/get the new programs installed 3 get the project finished 4 I had
my email password stolen 5 get the meeting started 6 have to have/ get the flat tidied
4 VOCABULARY
a. 1 cottage 2 terraced 3 passage 4 chimney 5 semi-detached 6 terrace 7 attic 8 bungalow 9 fence
10 detached 11 cellar /basement
5 LISTENING
b. No. Antonia is addicted to renovating and wants to do more. Rob has started some renovating but
can’t finish it.
c. 1 Antonia: pulled out the original kitchen cabinet and replaced it; uncovered the original fireplace
and chimney; repainted the kitchen; knocked down the dividing wall between the dining room and the
sitting room
Rob: knocked down the wall between his cellar and his garage
2 Antonia: a lovely homestyle kitchen that she’s really satisfied with
Rob: it looks like a worksite
3 Antonia: the bedroom and the bathroom
Rob: finish it off
7C Everyday English
1 LISTENING
c. 1 Tessa’s photo: good angle, could use it for the competition
2 the photo competition: it’s free, £500 prize
3 Tessa’s feelings about the competition: can’t be bothered
4 Becky’s meeting with Tom: estate agent, rent a flat after they are married, 12 o’clock
2 PRONUNCIATION
a. 1 A first word B second
2 A noun B adjective
b. If a phrase is noun + noun, we usually stress the first word.

If a phrase is adjective + noun, we usually stress the second word.
c. flower garden mobile phone
front garden cell phone
night club computer monitor
secret agent

b. 3
c. 1 good-sized, a nice view 2 perfect, cosy, quiet 3 practical, convenient
d. It’s tiny, too noisy, and it smelt damp.
e. It’s lovely.
No, Tom will let the estate agent know this afternoon.
f. 1 F – it has just come on the market

2T
3T
4 F – they’ve had one other enquiry
5T
4 USEFUL LANGUAGE
a. 1 Look, this could be a separate living area by the window.
2 We could have plants and bookshelves there, or a big lamp.
3 And this would make a good dining area.
4 I can imagine a big TV here.
b. 2
a. 1 I thought this could be a kind of separate living area by the window.
2 We could have plants and bookshelves and things there, or a big lamp.
3 We could have a table here or something and some interesting lights.
b. Because they’re not sure exactly how the flat should look.
c. Pronunciation
It’s unstressed. Words like and, of and or are usually pronounced quickly as weak forms.
d. 1 and things
2 kind of
3 or something
4 things
e. 1 This could be a reading corner or something like that with a bookshelf and a lamp.
2 We could use this shelf for herbs and spices and jars of jam and things like that.
3 There’s a kind of walk-in cupboard in the bedroom. We could use it for coats or shoes.
4 I could imagine a big plant or something over there by the window.

b. 1 F 2 M 3 A 4 M 5 F 6 A
c. 1 A mall is going to ruin this neighbourhood. Why can’t they create a nice green living space
instead?
2 It’s going to be really convenient to have plenty of shops nearby.
3 This will change the neighbourhood. It’ll make it a lot busier and noisier. But I guess that’s the
price you pay for convenience.
4 There’ll be a large number of the same old shops. Everything’s part of a chain these days. I
wouldn’t mind if they had a few more interesting shops in the mall.
5 But a new supermarket and lots of shops? That’s progress – it’ll be great.
6 We’ll have so many people and traffic passing through our streets. I really don’t know how safe
it’ll be to live here. I’m thinking about my children.
2 READING
a. His parents don’t agree with him; they think it’s a great idea.
He thinks there’ll be too much traffic.
He thinks it’ll result in horrible chain stores.
The local government haven’t discussed the mall with local residents.
He is going to write an email to complain and so are a few other people.
b. 2
c. 1 different local councillors
2 the local media
3 Withdraw the plan and put out a proposal that can be discussed with local residents, so residents
can voice their concerns.
3 WRITING SKILLS
a. 1 c 2 a 3 b 4 e 5 d
b.
Informal email Formal email
greeting Hi Rosie Dear Sir/Madam
sign off All the best, Yours faithfully,
Ryan Ryan Fitzgerald
punctuation hyphens, question commas, full stops
marks, exclamation
marks, full stops
contractions used not used
c. 1 I am writing regarding …
2 … there is a great deal of concern about the effect the mall will have on our local
community.
3 We understand … a proposal needs to be sent out so residents can give feedback on it.
4 I believe that what you are doing is against the law and I would formally like to request that
…
5 If I do not hear from you within two days …
6 I would formally like to request that …
7 I look forward to a prompt reply.
d. Suggested answer
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing regarding the electric toothbrush I bought online
recently because it does not work. The electric charge runs out
after only five minutes. I understand it should last an hour or so.
I would formally like to request a replacement. If I do not hear
from you, my next step will be to write a negative review on your
website.
Regards,
Peter

1 GRAMMAR
a. 1 She had/got all her meals brought to her room.
2 She had/got all her clothes washed and ironed.
3 She had/got her hair cut and dyed.
4 She had/got her face massaged and her feet manicured.
5 She had/got everything added to her bill.
1 You can have your hair cut and dried.
2 You can have your car repaired/serviced/mended.
3 You can have your teeth checked/cleaned/straightened/taken out/filled.
4 You can have your eyes checked.
c. 1 I smoke too much.

2 I drink too many fizzy drinks.
3 I don’t go to bed early enough.
4 I’m not kind enough to my parents.
5 I don’t get enough exercise.

6 I download too many films.
d. 2 There were so many people on the beach that we couldn’t find a place to sit.
3 The water was so cold that you couldn’t go swimming.
4 We went to a café to eat, but it was so expensive that we just ordered coffee.
5 The coffee was so strong that I couldn’t drink it. / It was such strong coffee that I couldn’t drink
it.
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 air pollution 2 parking space 3 public transport 4 traffic congestion
3 WORDPOWER
b. 2 get me down
3 calm down
4 turn it down
5 get down to some work
6 look down on everyone
Picture 1: 3
Picture 2: 2
c. a settle down
b calm down
c get me down
d look down on
e turn it down
f get down to
d. 1 gets her down

2 turn it on
3 calm down
4 get down
5 look down on them
6 settle down
Unit 8 Dilemmas
8A I’d like to start saving for a home
1 VOCABULARY
Money and finance
b. 1 budget 2 pay off 3 donations 4 debt 5 interest rate 6 savings 7 income
8 investment
c. 1 award, grant
2 debits, account
3 make, living
4 donate, charity
5 finance, project
6 put aside, savings
2 LISTENING
a. 2 ✓ 3 ✓ 4 ✓ 5 ✓ 6 ✓
b.
3 GRAMMAR
First and second conditionals
a. 1 b
2 c
3 a
b. 1 If I were you, I’d use the money to pay off your student loan.
2 If you transfer your card, you’ll probably pay as little as 3%.
3 If I did that, I wouldn’t be able to afford things like holidays and going out for dinner.
c. 2
a 3 ’ll be, come 4 don’t spend, will go 5 ’d have, studied 6 doesn’t finish, won’t be 7 knew,
wouldn’t have 8 were, wouldn’t say 9 won’t be, tell 10 wouldn’t have, didn’t speak
11 doesn’t rain, ’ll walk 12 wouldn’t touch, were
b 2 I’d love to go dancing tonight if I didn’t have so much work. 3 If I were you, I’d buy (some)
new shoes.4 If you fall, you might hurt yourself. 5 If we found that gold, we’d be rich. 6 It
won’t work if you don’t turn it on.
4 READING
b. 2
c. A sense of reality 4 The honesty of cash 5
Were they so wrong? 6 Better for everybody 3 Almost cashless now 2
d. 1 Most payments are now made by card rather than cash and most people probably haven’t got any
cash in their wallet or purse.
2 Businesses need to pay security companies to keep cash safe. Consumers often pay fees for using
cash machines.
3 Because the consequences of our spending are more remote from us.
4 There is an increased likelihood of dishonesty with digital payments.
5 Things are not as transparent as we might like to think they are and though we might be more
efficient, we might not be happier.
8B I would have opened it

b. 2
c. 1 Speaker 3 2 Speaker 2 3 Speaker 4 4 Speaker 1
d. Speaker 1 a Speaker 2 b Speaker 3 b Speaker 4 a
e. 1 not very honest
2 She wrote her name and number on the envelope in case the
owner had any spare tickets and was feeling generous.
2 GRAMMAR
Third conditional; should have + past participle
a. 1 b
2c
3 In the main clause of the sentence we use would + have + past
participle.
After If, we use the past perfect tense: had + past participle.
b. 1 b 2 b
c. 2
a 2 they hadn’t gone/been to the same university, they wouldn’t

have met and fallen in love.
3 it hadn’t been raining, we wouldn’t have taken the metro.
4 would have bought the picture if it hadn’t been so expensive.
5 would have heard the phone if you hadn’t been listening to

music.
6 my parents hadn’t given me some money, I wouldn’t have

been able to buy / couldn’t have bought a car.
b 2 He shouldn’t have spoken to me like that.
3 You shouldn’t have pressed that button.
4 You should have told me (it was your birthday).
5 It should have stopped.
6 She should have taken more driving lessons.
c 1e 2f 3b 4a 5c 6d
3 SPEAKING
a. A 1 a George was driving over the speed limit.
b Because it was a cold night.
c Because George wanted to take his son home.
B 1 He was a well-known artist who also had many years’ teaching experience. He made a good
impression in the interview.
2 It was clearly wrong; he didn’t have an MA.
3 Because she didn’t believe him.
4 VOCABULARY
Crime
a. 1 theft 2 lying, cheating, bribery
b. 1 crime: burglary, theft, robbery, bribery, murder dishonest behaviour which is not
illegal: lying, cheating
2 a theft b burglary c robbery
c.
d. robbers
theft
murder
cheat
shoplifting
Burglars
e. Answers (Vocabulary Focus 8B SB p.161)
a 1c 2a 3b 4g 5h 6e 7f 8d
b 1 trial 2 accused 3 arrested 4 court 5 witnesses
6 evidence 7 verdict 8 guilty 9 jury 10 judge 11

sentence
Pronunciation
a It isn’t pronounced in talk.
b 1 could 2 walk 3 should 4 calm
1C Everyday English
You’ll find somewhere
1 LISTENING
c. 1 b 2 a
d. Part 1: 1 T 2 F – Tom tried calling the estate agent. 3 T Part 2: 4 T 5 F – he wants to
buy a new cooker and a fridge. 6 T
2 USEFUL LANGUAGE
Being encouraging
a. 1 Don’t give up hope

2 I’m sure they will
c. A I’ve got my performance review with my boss tomorrow.
B You’ve had a good year. I’m certain it’ll be fine.
A I’d like a pay rise, but I don’t think I’ll get it.
B Well, you never know.
C It’s our final game of the season tomorrow and two members of our team can’t play. We’re
bound to lose.
D It might work out fine.
C But they’re our two best players.
D Never give up hope.
3 LISTENING
a. Both missed out on something they wanted.
b. 1 unsure
2 unsure
3 Someone else got it first, then changed their mind.
4 They sympathise with each other.
Showing you have things in common
a. I know the feeling.
It was just like that …
b. after
c. 1 It was the same with me.
2 I’ve had the a similar experience.
3 I know a the feeling.
4 It was just so like when …
5 LISTENING
a. 1 Katie
2 Katie says that something interesting’s just come up. 3 249 456
6 PRONUNCIATION
Word groups
a. Hello Tom. // It’s Katie here // from Barkers Estate Agents. // Thanks for coming in earlier. //
Something interesting’s come up. // Can you call me back on // 249 // 456?
b. 2

I really recommend it

d. 1 T 2 F – she saw it by accident. 3 T 4 F – he hardly spoke.
5 T 6 T 7 F – Paul thinks that everyone knows this.
2 READING
a. fiction
b.
3 WRITING SKILLS
Organising a review
a. 1 c 2 d 3 b 4a
b. Paragraph 1
If you enjoy a classic ‘whodunit’ and you want a great read, you can’t do better than …
This is my absolute favourite.
… one of the things I love about it is …
Paragraph 3
The other thing I loved is that …
Paragraph 4
a hugely entertaining read and I really recommend it if … I couldn’t put it down.
c. 1 beat (do better than) 2 number one (favourite) 3 enjoy (love) 4 really liked (I loved) 5
enormously, highly (hugely)

1 GRAMMAR
c. If he’d remembered to lock his front door, he wouldn’t have been burgled.
If he’d put some petrol in his car, he wouldn’t have run out.
If he hadn’t run out of petrol, he wouldn’t have had to pay for a taxi home.
If he had checked the name of the club, he could’ve met his friends.
If he hadn’t put his phone in his back pocket, it wouldn’t have got stolen.
1 He should have locked the front door.
2 He should have put some petrol in his car.
3 He should have checked the name of the club.
4 He shouldn’t have put his phone in his back pocket.
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 a budget 2 income 3 debt 4 interest rate 5 donations 6 paid off
b. 1 burglaries 2 stealing 3 cheat 4 bribery
3 WORDPOWER
take
a. 1 f 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 e 6 b
b. 1 charge 2 in 3 word order – it should be take something seriously 4 the phrase should be
take my word for it 5 take it for granted
c. took it for granted
took pleasure
take charge
take into account
can’t take it
take my word for it

Unit 9 Discoveries
9A What really shocks me is that it costs £250,000
1 READING
b. 1, 3, 4, 6, 8
c. 1 T 2 T 3 F – the surgeon and the anaesthetist are always present. 4 T 5 T
2 VOCABULARY
Health
a. 1 cure 2 care for 3 heal
b. 1 come 2 treated 3 strained 4 getting 5 develop
c. 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 a 5 d
a 1 a 2 b
b 1 bruise 2 bump 3 pale 4 dizzy 5 lose consciousness 6 ache 7 infection 8 scar
c 1 ache 2 lost consciousness 3 pale 4 bump 5 scar 6 bruise 7 infection 8 dizzy
Pronunciation
a bruise, shoes
wire, quiet
dizzy, guitar
b
/ɪ/ /uː/ /waɪ/
guitar bruise quiet
build fruit inquire
biscuit suit require
guilt nuisance acquire
circuit
3 LISTENING
a. medical invention: electronic skin food invention: synthetic meat
b. 1 He ate it online.
2 It is much more efficient to grow meat in a laboratory, and about 30% of the Earth’s surface is
used for growing crops to feed animals for meat.
3 She suggests he becomes a vegetarian.
4 It has no flavour, because there is no fat or blood in it.
5 Because he drives to work every day rather than catch the bus.
4 GRAMMAR
Relative clauses
a. 1 where PL 2 who P 3 that T 4 which T 5 which T 6 who P
b. 1 5, 6
2 1, 2, 3, 4
c. Answers (Grammar Focus 9A SB p.150)
a 1 who 2 – 3 whose 4 where 5 when 6 who 7 which 8 that/which 9 where 10

whose
b 1 This is the book what (that/which) I was telling you about.
2 There’s a new machine at the gym I think you would really like it.
3 We’re travelling to Dubai, where which I’ve always wanted to visit.
4 I was worrying about my luggage , that I’d forgotten to weigh before we left.
5 Chris, who whose his father owns the company, always works really hard.
6 I have finally had to replace my old car, which I have had since I passed my test.
c 1 The band, who were supposed to start at eight-thirty, didn’t come on stage until nine o’clock.
2 The rail company refunds passengers whose trains are delayed.
3 I looked in all the places where I might have left my phone.
4 The idea that we came up with together worked wonderfully well.
5 Morocco, where we spent our honeymoon, is my favourite place for a holiday.
6 The neighbours, whose cat I am looking after, get back from holiday tomorrow.
9B No one knew who he was

1 READING
c. 2
d. 1 F – it was a rundown nightclub. 2 T 3 DK 4 F – hardly any copies were sold.

5 F – people thought he was very talented. 6 F – he vanished from the music scene.
No, the text doesn’t give us an idea.
Maybe he wasn’t successful because he didn’t get enough publicity/advertising. Perhaps only the
producers liked his music.
He was probably becoming famous in South Africa because he was singing in English.
2 GRAMMAR
Reported speech: reporting verbs
a. 1 was playing 2 wanted 3 had dropped
b. past, past
c. 1 was
2 had come
3 wanted
In reported questions, don’t use question word order.
a 2 Harry couldn’t ski.
3 she might feel a little sleepy after she took the tablets.
4 the exam would be really easy.
5 that she had been walking past the bank when she’d heard the alarm.
6 they’d been trying to call us since they’d heard the news.
7 Margaret wouldn’t be happy when she found out.
8 he couldn’t open the door because he’d forgotten his key.
b 2 if/whether I had 3 how fast I could 4 why I’d left 5 if/whether I was 6 if/whether I’d ever
managed 7 why I’d applied
c 2 us/me to 3 telling 4 they’d/they had 5 on paying 6 me he’d 7 for losing 8 to give
e. 1 They weren’t quite sure if they had come to the right place.
2 They asked him if he could meet them the next day.
3 They didn’t understand why no one wanted to buy the album.
4 They wondered if the second record would be more successful.
3 READING
South Africa: No one really knew who Rodriguez was and people thought he was dead.
committed suicide: There were rumours that he had committed suicide while performing on stage.
a South African reporter: Decided to find out how he had really died. Rodriguez’s producer: The
reporter managed to get in touch with Rodriguez’s producer from the late 1970s.
living in Detroit: The reporter discovered that Rodriguez wasn’t dead at all – he was alive and
living in Detroit.
a huge success: Rodriguez had no idea that he was a huge success in South Africa.
4 LISTENING
a. 3, 4
b. 1 He was backpacking round the world.
2 People called him a living legend, as big as the Rolling Stones, he’d sold about 1.5 million
records in South Africa.
3 He seems to be a very shy, modest kind of person.
4 The director ran out of money while he was doing the film.
5 The documentary has won loads of prizes from all around the world; now the whole world
knows about Rodriguez.
5 VOCABULARY
Verbs describing thought and knowledge
b. 1 He assumed that Rodriguez would be dying to tell his story.
2 He wanted to make sure that Rodriguez really was that popular in South Africa.
3 The director realised by now this really was a story worth telling.
4 He had no idea who they were.
5 He wondered why they’d come to see him.
6 People estimated he’d sold about 1.5 million records in South Africa.
7 He came to the conclusion that Rodriguez’s story was the one to tell.
8 Most people doubted that he could be a superstar in one country when no one else had heard of
him.
9 He was aware that he might not be able to finish the film.
9C Everyday English
What’s the big secret?
1 LISTENING
c. 1 Tom
2 nervous
3 Not at first, then she recognises the block of flats.

2 USEFUL LANGUAGE
Expressing uncertainty
a. no
b. In the video version. She is nervous and expressing uncertainty.
c. 1 I’ve (really) (got) no idea who that is.
2 I haven’t got a clue who that is.
3 Who on earth is that?
3 LISTENING
b. 1 Tom has taken Becky to the flat they wanted, and he has paid a deposit on it.
2 Becky is surprised and pleased.
c. 1 The people who took the flat changed their minds.
2 He paid a deposit.
3 Becky thinks he should have asked her first.
4 The space, the view, the well-designed kitchen.
5 Tom drove a different route to the flat.
6 The lease for the flat and the marriage licence.
4 PRONUNCIATION
Linking and intrusion
a. one word
b. 2
c. BECKY I’ve no /w/ idea where we /j/ are. I’ve never seen this street before.
TOM Just wait and see.
B Where /r/ on earth are we going?
T Wait and see.
d. 3
e. Here /r/ at work, I’ve just received a gift from my /j/ aunt. I’ve got no /w/ idea what it is. I’m going
to /w/ open it when I get home this evening.
Clarifying a misunderstanding
a. But didn’t you say yesterday that we’d missed out? But, Tom, I thought we were going to talk
about it first.
b. social: 1, 3, 5
work: 2, 4
1 I thought that
2 I understood that
3 Did I get this wrong? I thought …
4 Have I misunderstood something? I thought …
5 Didn’t we say that … ?

b. 1 photo 2 2 photo 3 3 photo 1 4 photo 4
c. 1 1 really bad headaches 2 a friend had a bad cough
3 bad pains in the knees 4 a friend wanted to give up smoking
2 1 asked questions for an hour, gave little white tablets
2 took something that belonged to the patient, turned dials on a box
3 put needles all round the patient’s knee
4 sat the patient in a comfortable chair, then hypnotised (counted to 20 and fell into a deep sleep)
3 1 positive 2 negative 3 positive 4 positive
4 1 we don’t know 2 we don’t know 3 it worked 4 it worked
2 READING
a. 3
b. 1 A 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 A
3 WRITING SKILLS
Presenting a series of arguments
a. 1 different points of view and her own opinion
2 different arguments to support her opinion
3 her arguments and her conclusion

b. People often argue that …
I believe that …
My own view is that …
There are several good reasons for …
One argument against … is that …
People sometimes claim that …
c. 1 furthermore, in addition, 2 yet 3 consequently 4 despite 5 in conclusion
1 GRAMMAR
a. 1 The plaster, which is very small and thin, is like a piece of skin.
2 The skin contains electronic circuits which can communicate with monitors.
3 An operating theatre is a sophisticated environment where patients require extra care.
4 Some people who are allergic to peanuts have to check everything they eat.
b. 1 that there had been a delay to the incoming flight, so the flight would be delayed by about an
hour.
2 what was happening.
3 if she knew when the flight would leave.
4 (that) she hadn’t heard anything.
5 (that) the flight had been cancelled.
6 (that) I would have to spend a night in an airport hotel and I probably wouldn’t be home for
another 18 hours.
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 estimate
2 realise
3 assumed
4 wonder
5 was aware
b. 1 feel, dizzy 2 strained my back 3 cares for patients 4 lost consciousness 5 heals, scar
3 WORDPOWER
a. 2 f 3 a 4 c 5 e 6 d
b. a 3 b 2 c 6 d 4 e 5 f 1
c. 1 to 2 with 3 up 4 to 5 across 6 true
d. 1 true 2 to 3 conclusion 4 up 5 up 6 across

Unit 10 Possibilities
10A It might not have been his real name
1 READING
c. 1 It was 2.50 pm on the 24th of November 1971 on flight 305, a 30-minute flight from Portland to
Seattle in the north-west of the USA.
2 Of course, this might not have been his real name; no one really knows for sure.
3 The other passengers were told there was a ‘technical difficulty’.
4 Cooper talked to the pilots and ordered them to fly towards Mexico at minimum speed and
altitude.
5 Cooper ordered the pilots to leave it open all the time. They objected.
6 At eight o’clock, a warning light went on in the cockpit, so they knew that he must have opened
the rear door.
2 GRAMMAR
Past modals of deduction
a. 1 c 2 b 3 d 4 c 5 a
b. 1 To speculate about things in the past:
• we use must or can’t + have + past participle to talk about things we think are certain
• we use may, might or could + have + past participle to talk about things we think are possible.
2 • (b) the opposite
• (a) the same
3 b
c. 1 He can’t have survived the jump.
2 It might not have been his real name.
3 He must have opened the door.
a 3 might have stolen 4 could have been 5 ✓
6 might not have been 7 must have lost 8 must have cost
b 2 can’t have been 3 might not have sold 4 may have ridden 5 must have eaten
6 might not have broken

3 LISTENING
a. the river 5 Dan Cooper’s ‘wife’ 2 airport security 1 the parachute 3 the money 4
extra topic: the pilot of the Boeing 727
b. 1 We know that Dan Cooper wasn’t his real name. That was easy to check and there were no Dan
Coopers who’d gone missing.
2 He knew a lot about planes and he also knew how to parachute, so he may have been a retired
pilot or he may have had some job to do with aircraft. Certainly someone with inside knowledge.
3 We know that what he did was possible, because not long afterwards a stuntman repeated exactly
what he’d done – successfully. And quite a few things suggest that he did land safely.
4 In 1980 a boy found some of the money buried in a riverbank … so people thought that he might
have drowned in the river.
5 In 1982 a woman claimed that he was her husband, who’d just died. She said she’d found him in
1972 hiding in her garden with a broken foot and they’d fallen in love and got married.
4 READING
a. The sinking of the Titanic.
b. 1 The book The Wreck of the Titan.
2 It tells a story with many similarities to the real Titanic disaster.
c. 1 yes 2 yes 3 don’t know 4 yes 5 yes 6 yes 7 don’t know
5 VOCABULARY
Adjectives with prefixes
a. 1 unbelievable, incredible 2 improbable 3 impossible 4 unsuccessful 5 irrelevant
All these adjectives have a prefix.
b. Answers (Vocabulary Focus 10A SB p.163)
a his job
b, c un: believable, successful, expected, fortunate, in: credible, experienced, formal im: patient,
polite, probable, possible ir: regular, responsible, relevant il: legal dis: honest, satisfied
d1m 2l 3r
e 1 irresponsible 2 unexpected 3 dishonest 4 impatient 5 dissatisfied
Pronunciation
a 3: impatient, dishonest, illegal 4: unfortunate, irregular, dissatisfied 5: irresponsible,

inexperienced
b main stress: impatient unfortunate dishonest irresponsible illegal irregular

inexperienced dissatisfied
secondary stress: irresponsible, inexperienced

c The main stress is on the 2nd syllable of 2, 3 and 4-syllable adjectives, and on the 3rd syllable of
5-syllable adjectives.
10B I’ve managed to make a dream come true

1 LISTENING
c. Picture 1: Louise
Picture 2: Terry
They both gave up their jobs to pursue a dream.
Louise: She’s always been fascinated by Africa, but a holiday there wasn’t enough. Her company
allowed her six months off work but she wanted to go for a whole year. So she resigned from her
job. Terry: He didn’t like the atmosphere at work and he felt that he could do a much better job
than his manager. He realised that people preferred to have a technician go round to their house to
fix computer problems, so he set up his own business.
g.
2 GRAMMAR
Wishes and regrets
a. 1 Terry 2 Louise 3 Terry
b. 3
c. 1 past perfect 2 past participle
d. 1 if only I’d applied for his job
2 I wish I’d checked this
3 I should have checked out other companies
e. Answers (Grammar Focus 10B SB p.153)
a 1e 2g 3a 4c 5b 6h 7d 8f
b 2 If only I knew what to do.
3 I hope I can do this course.
3 If only they’d warned us in advance.
5 I hope Rebecca can help me.
6 If only they hadn’t cancelled the flight.
c 2 I shouldn’t have bought it.
3 I should have stopped earlier.
4 I should have gone to the cinema yesterday.
3 READING
b. No. The writer says you’re never too old to make your dreams come true
4 VOCABULARY
Verbs of effort
a. 1 c 2 g 3 a 4 d 5 b 6 e 7 f
b. 1 overcome 2 give up 3 working on 4 go ahead 5 cope 6 get on with 7 tackling
10C Everyday English

Two things to celebrate today
1 LISTENING
c. The tutor wants to tell Tessa she has won the photography competition.
d. 1 surprised 2 delighted 3 pleased
e. 3, 4
f. 1 Paying a deposit on the flat (without asking Becky first).
2 He thanks Emma for her cooking; he thanks Phil for his idea to stay open late and serve meals.
2 PRONUNCIATION
Consonant groups
b. flat dreams brilliant crazy frightened flight agree Africa glasses asleep climate
c. asked scream sixth text strength lamps hands watched spread
3 LISTENING
b. Tessa won the photography competition.
Phil has finished his novel.
Tom and Becky have set a date for the wedding.
c. 1 Tom 2 Sam 3 Phil 4 Tessa 5 Phil
4 USEFUL LANGUAGE
Describing how you felt
a. I couldn’t believe it. I was so surprised. First prize! I still can’t get over it.
b. 1 c
2 Yes, I couldn’t believe it. I was so surprised. First prize! I still can’t get over it.
c. 1 I was surprised. 2 I was shocked or disappointed. 3 I was happy. 4 I wasn’t surprised.
5 COVERSATION SKILLS
Interrupting and announcing news
a. 1 on 2 else 3 on 4 believe 5 minute 6 thing
b. 1 Hold on.
Hang on a minute.
Just a minute.
2 There’s something else we’ve got to celebrate.
I know you won’t believe this …
One more thing.
c. 1 a 2 b

I forced myself to be calm
2 READING
b. 1 ✓ 2
3✓1
7✓3
8✓4
c. 1 He was a spy, he had spy training, he had worked in a team with Heid, Nina and Cas, the last
operation had failed.
2 They had all been sent to ‘safe’ houses, and were not supposed to meet each other.
3 He has lived a new life in a new place.
3 WRITING SKILLS
Making a story interesting
a. 1 I forced myself to be calm. I didn’t understand.
I suddenly felt angry.
2 Where were they now?
What would they do next?
Why had he tried to kill me?
3 Only five minutes later, I heard the sound of someone coming down the path from the hillside.
I crept on hands and knees along the riverbank, keeping my head as low as possible.
I sat down behind some bushes and waited, trying not to move.
1 a, d, e 2 b, e 3 a, e 4 b, d, e 5 c, d, e
e. When I saw the blood on my hand, I knew it was a bullet. (past simple)
Someone had shot at me from the hillside. (past perfect simple) My heart was racing. (past
continuous)
Someone had tried to kill me. (past perfect simple)
1 past simple
2 past perfect

1 GRAMMAR
a. 1 can’t have been 2 might/may have left 3 must have been
d. 1 had studied 2 have done 3 had paid
2 VOCABULARY
a. 1 impatient 2 impolite 3 unexpected 4 dissatisfied
b. 1 cope 2 tackle 3 overcome 4 work
3 WORDPOWER
way
a. 1 b 2 a 3 f 4 c 5 e 6 d
b. 1 all the way 2 the other way round 3 ✓ 4 in some ways 5 ✓

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UNIT 1 Outstanding people

1A She is an inspiring woman

present continuous: it’s still going

past continuous: was working,

past perfect: had managed

d. Answers (Grammar Focus 1A SB p.135)

3 She was really determined, but in a quiet way.

c. /ɪ/ /e/ /ɜː/

revise slept serve

desire helpful university

women identity prefer

d. 1 stubborn 2 motivated 3 respected 4 determined 5 inspiring

b 1 naive 2 sensitive 3 arrogant 4 self-confident 5 passionate 6 ambitious 7 loyal 8 optimistic

c 1 sensitive 2 self-confident 3 optimistic 4 arrogant 5 loyal 6 passionate 7 ambitious 8 naïve

1st syllable stressed 2nd syllable stressed

1B Are you finding it difficult?

2 manage to, keep to 3 keep it up

keep it up, keep to

5 try out, have a go at

3 have a go at doing yoga every day.

drawn pictures of so far? Do you feel it has been worthwhile?

Who do you practise with? Are you just working alone?

2 What made you decide to become vegetarian, Farah?

b 2 What kind / type / sort of music is she interested in?

3 How many people watched the match?

4 Why haven’t they started yet?

5 Which foot hurts?

6 Who did she hear the news from?

c 2 I wonder why they didn’t come back.

3 Where do you think they are going?

4Can you tell me if / whether you have ever met him?

5 Do you know who wrote this story?

6 I wonder if / whether this pen works.

7 Can you tell me (what) your sister’s name (is)?

8 When do you think it will be ready?

It’s the consonant sound /t/

3 Because JK Rowling wrote Harry Potter in a café.

Becky’s new job

the reason Tom is here their

e. coffee: They have a coffee while Becky is on her break.

the reason Tom is here: He was passing by.

3 Another thing to remember is,

2 Do you understand what I mean? (unfriendly and not so polite)

Do you understand what I mean? (friendly and polite)

3 Have you got that? (unfriendly and not so polite)

Have you got that? (friendly and polite)

4 Do you get the idea? (unfriendly and not so polite)

To sound friendly, the speaker’s voice goes up at the end.

1D Skills for Writing

They both talk about mobile phones.

c. 1 Paragraph 2: The first thing I usually do in a day

d. Not surprisingly Naturally Strangely Predictably Undoubtedly

3 I always expect IT products to be very expensive. Surprisingly,/Amazingly, the tablet I

f. 5 Most articles benefit from personal opinions and examples.

Unit 1 Review and extension

4 had already left

b. 1 Where did you grow up?

3 How long did you stay there for?