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    TVL Smaw11 Q1 M 5

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    Earl Christian Bonaobra
    This document provides information about plasma cutting machines. It defines plasma cutting as a process that uses an accelerated jet of hot plasma to cut through electrically conductive materials. It then [1] identifies the main parts of a plasma cutting machine including the torch, electrode, nozzle, and work clamp. [2] It explains how plasma cutting works by ionizing gas to create an electrically conductive channel of plasma between the torch and workpiece, transferring heat to cut the material. [3] Safety precautions for plasma cutting like proper eye protection and working in a flame-free environment are also outlined.

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    TVL Smaw11 Q1 M 5

    Uploaded by

    Earl Christian Bonaobra
    64 views10 pages
    This document provides information about plasma cutting machines. It defines plasma cutting as a process that uses an accelerated jet of hot plasma to cut through electrically conductive materials. It then [1] identifies the main parts of a plasma cutting machine including the torch, electrode, nozzle, and work clamp. [2] It explains how plasma cutting works by ionizing gas to create an electrically conductive channel of plasma between the torch and workpiece, transferring heat to cut the material. [3] Safety precautions for plasma cutting like proper eye protection and working in a flame-free environment are also outlined.

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    TVL-SMAW11-Q1-M-5

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    This document provides information about plasma cutting machines. It defines plasma cutting as a process that uses an accelerated jet of hot plasma to cut through electrically conductive materials. It then [1] identifies the main parts of a plasma cutting machine including the torch, electrode, nozzle, and work clamp. [2] It explains how plasma cutting works by ionizing gas to create an electrically conductive channel of plasma between the torch and workpiece, transferring heat to cut the material. [3] Safety precautions for plasma cutting like proper eye protection and working in a flame-free environment are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views10 pages

    TVL Smaw11 Q1 M 5

    Uploaded by

    Earl Christian Bonaobra
    This document provides information about plasma cutting machines. It defines plasma cutting as a process that uses an accelerated jet of hot plasma to cut through electrically conductive materials. It then [1] identifies the main parts of a plasma cutting machine including the torch, electrode, nozzle, and work clamp. [2] It explains how plasma cutting works by ionizing gas to create an electrically conductive channel of plasma between the torch and workpiece, transferring heat to cut the material. [3] Safety precautions for plasma cutting like proper eye protection and working in a flame-free environment are also outlined.

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    Technology

    Vocational Livelihood 11
    Shielded Metal Arc Welding

    Quarter 1
    Self-Learning Module 5
    TITLE : PLASMA CUTTING MACHINE
    Writer : Rubener P. Tacsay
    Reviewer : Orlando A. Joven Jr (Validator)
    Emmanuel B. Penetrante (Technical)
    EXPECTATIONS

    At the end of this module, the learners will be able to:


     define the meaning of Plasma cutting machine;
     identify the different part of Plasma; and
     explain how plasma uses as cutting machine

    PRETEST

    Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer in every items. Provide separate
    answer sheet.

    a. welding
    b. Oxy-fuel
    c. Plasma
    d. Torches
    2. This is a process that cuts through electrically conductive materials by means of
    an accelerated jet of hot plasma
    a. welding
    b. Oxy-fuel cutting
    c. Plasma cutting
    d. Torches
    3. Plasma cutters produce a very hot and very localized fire called?
    a. Cone
    b. Flame
    c. Weldment
    d. stinger
    4. This is an arc forms within the torch head, with current flowing from the electrode
    to the nozzle inside the torch head
    a. Cone
    b. Fume
    c. Weld
    d. Pilot
    5. This is the recommended Number of green lens shade to use during plasma
    cutting
    a. #4
    b. #5
    c. #6
    d. #8
    RECAP

    What are the different parts of oxy-acetylene cutting torches?


    __________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________

    LESSON

    QUARTER 1: Time Allotment: 40 Hours

    PLASMA CUTTING EQUIPMENT


    PLASMA is a Gas that has been heated to a high temperature and converted
    (ionized) so that the gas become electrically conductive. The plasma cutting process
    uses plasma to transfer an electric arc to the metal. The metal is heated to its
    melting point by the heat of the arc and is blown away by air

    Plasma cutting is a process that cuts through electrically conductive materials by


    means of an accelerated jet of hot plasma. Typical materials cut with a plasma
    torch include steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass and copper, although other
    conductive metals may be cut as well. Plasma cutting is often used
    in fabrication shops, automotive repair and restoration, industrial construction,
    and salvage and scrapping operations. Due to the high speed and precision cuts
    combined with low cost, plasma cutting sees widespread use from large-scale
    industrial CNC applications down to small hobbyist shops.

    Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cutting/ Plasma cutting with a tilting head


    The basic plasma cutting process involves creating an electrical channel of
    superheated, electrically ionized gas i.e. plasma from the plasma cutter itself,
    through the work piece to be cut, thus forming a completed electric circuit back to
    the plasma cutter through a grounding clamp. This is accomplished by a compressed
    gas (oxygen, air, inert and others depending on material being cut) which is blown
    through a focused nozzle at high speed toward the work piece. An electrical arc is
    then formed within the gas, between an electrode near or integrated into the gas
    nozzle and the work piece itself. The electrical arc ionizes some of the gas, thereby
    creating an electrically conductive channel of plasma. As electricity from the cutter
    torch travels down this plasma it delivers sufficient heat to melt through the work
    piece. At the same time, much of the high velocity plasma and compressed gas blow
    the hot molten metal away, thereby separating, i.e. cutting through, the work piece.

    Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cutting/ Freehand cut of a thick steel plate

    Plasma cutting is an effective way of cutting thin and thick materials alike. Hand-
    held torches can usually cut up to 38 mm (1.5 in) thick steel plate, and stronger
    computer-controlled torches can cut steel up to 150 mm (6 in) thick.[1] Since plasma
    cutters produce a very hot and very localized "cone" to cut with, they are extremely
    useful for cutting sheet metal in curved or angled shapes.

    Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Plasma cutting with a tilting head


    The arcs are generated in a three-step process. A high voltage spark briefly ionizes
    the air within the torch head. This makes the air conductive and allows the "pilot
    arc" to form. The pilot arc forms within the torch head, with current flowing from the
    electrode to the nozzle inside the torch head. The pilot arc burns up the nozzle, a
    consumable part, while in this phase. The air then blows the plasma out the nozzle
    towards the work, providing a current path from the electrode to the work. When the
    control system senses current flowing from the electrode to the work, it cuts the
    electrical connection to the nozzle. Current then flows from the electrode to the work,
    and the arc forms outside the nozzle. Cutting can then proceed, without burning up
    the nozzle. Nozzle life is limited by the number of arcs starts, not cutting time.
    PARTS OF PLASMA CUTTING MACHINE

    Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki plassma-cutting-systems-parts-model-system-653-phase

    Setting-Up A Plasma Arc Cutter


    To set-up a plasma arc cutter, simply hook-up the compressed air to the plasma
    cutting unit. Three choices of air are available: bottled, an in-house air supply or a
    small air compressor. Most plasma units have a built-in regulator to maintain the
    proper flow of air for the system.
    To set the amperage, or heat, of the cutting unit to the proper level, make a few
    practice cuts with the amperage set high. You can then adjust the amperage down
    according to your travel speed. If the amperage is too high or your travel speed is too
    slow, the material you are cutting may become hot and accumulate dross. Traveling
    at the right speed and using the right amount of heat will produce a very clean cut
    with less dross on the bottom of the cut, as well as little or no distortion to the metal.

    Operating A Plasma Arc for Cutting


    Begin cutting by placing the torch as close as possible to the edge of the base metal.
    Press the trigger to initiate the pre flow air; the pilot arc will then light, followed by
    the cutting arc. Once the cutting arc starts, move the torch slowly across the metal.
    Adjust your speed so that the cutting sparks emerge from the bottom of the metal.
    You should be able to see the bottom of the workpiece and the arc should be directed
    straight down. If the sparks are not visible at the bottom of the plate, you have not
    penetrated the metal. This is because your travel speed is too fast, you have
    insufficient amperage, or the plasma stream is directed at an angle.
    At the end of a cut, angle the torch slightly towards the end of the cut or pause briefly
    to completely finish the cut. The post flow air will continue for a short period of time
    after the trigger is released to cool the torch and consumable parts, however cutting
    can be resumed immediately.
    PLASMA ARC CUTTER TOOLS

     Power cable that works for 210-220 volts


     The work table
     Torch with head cable
     Air supply regulator valve.

    Source: "How to Use A Plasma Cutter - A Comprehensive Beginners Guide".

    The plasma torch tip has several openings. These opening helps operate the torch.
    (A) Shown how air keeps the torch to each side of the metal cool and keep the hot
    metal form spattering. (B) Allows the air to enter when the arc struck between the
    metal and the electrode s producing a pilot arc. When the tip is brought close to
    gas, it produces a stiff constricted cutting arc. This delivers a high concentration
    of heat to a very small area. See illustration above.

    Safety
    Proper eye protection and face shields are needed to prevent eye damage called
    arc eye as well as damage from debris. It is recommended to use green lens shade
    #5. OSHA recommends a shade 8 for arc current less than 300 A, but notes that
    "These values apply where the actual arc is clearly seen. Experience has shown
    that lighter filters may be used when the arc is hidden by the workpiece."[4]
    Lincoln Electric, a manufacturer of plasma cutting equipment, says, "Typically a
    darkness shade of #7 to #9 is acceptable." Longevity Global, Inc., another
    manufacturer, offers this more specific table for Eye Protection for Plasma Arc
    Cutting at lower amperages
    CURRENT 0-20A 20-40A 40-60A 60-80A
    MINIMUM SHADE #4 #5 #6 #8

    Leather gloves, an apron and a jacket are also recommended to prevent burns
    from sparks and hot metal.
    Working in a clean area free of flammable liquids, materials and gases is very
    important. Sparks and hot metal from a plasma cutter can quickly cause fires if
    they are not isolated from flammable objects. Plasma cutters can send hot sparks
    flying up to 5 feet away in certain situations. The operator of the machine is
    typically blind to any fire that has started because they are behind their face
    shield. Take safety precautions to make sure your work area is free of fire hazards.

    ACTIVITIES

    ACTIVITY NO.1: Draw Plasma Cutting Machine and label each part

    ACTIVITY NO.2
    ESSAY: If you are given a time to choose what cutting process are you going to
    use? Oxy-acetylene cutting or Plasma Cutting? why?
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    WRAP–UP

    PLASMA CUTTING MACHINE


    Use the checklist below as basis for judging Whether you meet the required
    competency. Mark check in the space provided.

    Performance Indicators YES NO


    1. Can identify the different parts of Plasma cutting machine?
    2.Can connect the different fitting and cable of plasma cutting
    machine?
    3.Can check all part of the damage.
    4.Can attach torch package correctly
    5.Can attach flow valves and hoses to the gas’s outlet
    6.Can install the cutting tip
    7. Can set the amperage, or heat, of the cutting unit to the
    proper level,
    8. Press the trigger to initiate the pre flow air

    9. Can operate properly the plasma cutting machine


    Note: Have learners assess their performance. For criteria needing assistance,
    provide the appropriate intervention/s

    VALUING

    Safety procedures must be closely followed in any application of the plasma


    cutting machine. What precautionary measure you should consider in using plasma
    cutting machine?
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    __________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________.
    POSTTEST

    Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer in every items.

    _____1. What is the first step to set-up a plasma arc cutter?


    a. Adjust the amperage down according to your travel speed
    b. Angle the torch slightly towards the end of the cut or pause briefly to
    completely finish the cut
    c. Press the trigger to initiate the pre flow air
    d. Simply hook-up the compressed air to the plasma cutting unit

    _____2. What is the recommended distance to isolates flammable materials from


    the sparks and hot metal from a plasma?
    a. 1 foot away certain situations.
    b. 3 feet away certain situations.
    c. 4 feet away in certain situations.
    d. up to 5 feet away in certain situations.

    _____3. Leather gloves, an apron and a jacket are also recommended to prevent
    burns from sparks and hot metal.
    a. Leather gloves
    b. Welding helmet
    c. Safety goggle
    d. Safety shoe

    _____4. This is the recommended Number of green lens shade to use during
    plasma cutting
    a. #4
    b. #5
    c. #6
    d. #8

    _____5. This is a process that cuts through electrically conductive materials by


    means of an accelerated jet of hot plasma
    a. welding
    b. Oxy-fuel cutting
    c. Plasma cutting
    d. Torches
    KEY TO CORRECTION
    5. C 5. B
    4. B. 4. D
    3. A 3. A
    2. D 2. C
    1. D 1. C
    POST TEST PRETEST

    References
    Government of the Philippines. DepEd-NCR Shielded Metal Arc Welding Module 1
    series 2019
    WeldGuru.com. 2020. Accessed June, 2020. https://weldguru.com/oxy-fuel-
    cutting/

    ^ Jump up to:a b c d "What is CNC Plasma Cutting?". www.manufacturingnetwork.com. Retrieved 2015-11-


    17.

    ^ "The life and times of plasma cutting". www.thefabricator.com.

    ^ "Making plasma cutting easier". www.thefabricator.com.

    ^ "Eye and face protection. - 1910.133". www.osha.gov. Retrieved 2015-09-27.

    ^ "How To Use A Plasma Cutter - A Comprehensive Beginners Guide".

    ^ Sacks, Raymond; Bohnart, E. (2005). "17". Welding Principles and Practices (Third ed.). New York:
    McGraw_Hill. p. 597. ISBN 978-0-07-825060-6.^ see the online seller Amazon, for example

    https://www.millerwelds.com/resources/article-library/tech-tips-for-better-plasma-cutting

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