TVL Smaw11 Q1 M 11

Technology
Vocational Livelihood 11
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 11
TITLE: WELDING ESSENTIALS
Writer: Antonio F. Quines
Reviewer: Orlando A. Joven Jr (Validator)
Emmanuel B. Penetrante (Technical)
Cerina Galoy (Grammarian)
EXPECTATIONS
This unit deals with the skills and knowledge involved in Welding Essentials in
preparation for welding operations.
At the end of the lesson you are expected to:

1. enumerate the different Welding Essentials;
2. identify the different kinds of tacking; and
3. discuss the welding procedures in tacking.
PRETEST
Directions: Match column A with the correct answer on column B, write only the letter
of answer on the blank provided before each number.
A B
____ 1. is a tack weld done only in a very short bead, A. Permanent Tacking
It is used to fit up temporarily the two light
pieces of metal to be joined.
____ 2. is a type of tack weld measured at about ¼” B. Semi-permanent Tacking
up to ½” length. It is used to fit up temporarily
the two pieces of heavy metal being joined.
____ 3. is a method of tacking using stiffeners or C. Bridge Tacking
backing plate to keep both plates aligned.
RECAP
Do you still recall our previous lesson? What are the methods of striking an arc?
Differentiate the 2 methods of striking an arc
LESSON
WELDING ESSENTIALS
In carrying out some welding operation, very often the pieces have to
be tack welded. Tack welds are simply short sections of weld beads
measured ¼” to ½” long used to maintain the proper root opening between
the two sections of metals being welded (These tack welds are spaced along
the seam and must be firmly fused into the joints.)
TACK WELD
10 mm
3mm GAP
Tack welded plates with 3mm gap
KINDS OF TACKING
1. Permanent Tacking is a type of tack weld measured at about ¼” up

to ½” length. It is used to fit up temporarily the two pieces of heavy
metal being joined.
2. Semi-permanent Tacking is a tack weld done only in a very short

bead. It is used to fit up temporarily the two light pieces of metal to be
joined.
3. Bridge Tacking is a method of tacking using stiffeners or backing

plate to keep both plates aligned.
Welding Procedure in performing tacking
1. Prepare all the materials/equipment needed in performing tacking weld.
2. Lay the plate to be welded in the working table.
3. Tack weld the plates 10mm up to 15mm from each end at the middle,
without gap between the plates.
4. Lay the plate flat on the working table with the side which is not tacked on
top.
5. Start welding the side which is not tacked with the electrode at an 70° travel
angle and 90° work angle.
Note: Maintain an arc length of 2mm to 3mm
6. Using the chipping hammer, chip off slag from the bead, and by using an
steel brush remove the remnants of the beads.
Note: Always wear a clear eye glasses when chipping slags.
7. Inspect the bead if there is a uniform width.
Note: Use steel brush to remove remnants
8. Present the work piece to your instructor.

WELDING ESSENTIALS
In performing tacking you must consider the following:
 Correct Size Electrode. The choice of electrode involves such items; as

position of the weld properties of the base metal, diameter of electrode,
types of joint and current value without the right choice of electrode it is
almost impossible to get the results desired, regardless to the welding
technique used.
 Correct Arc Length. As a rule, the length of the arc should be

approximately equal to the diameter of the electrode. For example, an
electrode 1/8” in diameter should have arc length of about 1/8’
 Correct Electrode Angle and. Upon tack welding, the welder should
maintain a stable/uniform proper travel angle and work angle of
electrode.
 Correct Speed of Travel. the welder should maintain a stable/uniform

speed on the portion of the metal to be tacked.
 Correct Current. The welder must consider the current setting in order
to have a good performance. If the current is set too high, the electrodes
melt too fast and the molten pool is large and irregular on the other
hand. If the current is set too low, there is no enough heat to melt the
base metal and the molten pool will be small. The result fill up will be
irregular in shape. More current is required for thick and heavy pieces
than for light thin sections.
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY NO 1.
Directions: Identify if the given phrase is an Essentials of Welding or not by

putting  if it is and  if it is not. Put your answer on the space provided before the
number.
Answer Factors
1. Correct Distance of source
2. Correct Electrode
3. Correct Heat Treatment.
4 Correct Arc Length
5. Correct Costing.
6. Correct Speed of Travel
7. Correct Base Metal.
8. Correct Electrode Angle
9. Correct Joint Preparation
10. Correct Current
ACTIVITY NO 2.
Directions: There are different kinds of tack welding, enumerate the following
methods of tacking.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
WRAP-UP
Some of the things I learned today are ____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
VALUING
Now that you’ve learned the different Essentials of Welding. Write your
thoughts on the diagram below:
What is the importance of knowing the different Welding Essentials?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
POSTTEST
MATCHING TYPE
Directionss: Match column A with the correct answer on column B, write only the
letter of answer on the blank provided before each number.
A B
1. The choice of electrode involves such items;
as position of the weld properties of the A. Correct Current.
base metal, diameter of electrode.
B. Correct Arc Length
2. As a rule, the length of the arc should
be approximately equal to the diameter C. Correct Electrode Angle
of the electrode.
D. Correct Speed of Travel.
3. The welder should maintain a stable/uniform
proper travel angle and work angle of electrode. E. Correct Size of Electrode
4. the welder should maintain a stable/uniform

speed on the portion of the metal to be tacked.
5. The welder must consider the current setting

in order to have a good performance.
KEY TO CORRECTION
5. A 5. X 10. 
4. D 4.  9. X
3. Bridge tacking 3. C 3. X 8.  3.C
2. Semi-permanent tacking 2. B 2.  7. X 2.A
1. Permanent tacking 1. E 1. X 6.  1.B
ACTIVITY 2 POSTTEST ACTIVITY 1 PRETEST
R E F E R E N CE S
Department of Education (2018). Technology & Livelihood Module 1 Learner’s

Material, IA- Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) First Edition,
Department of Education (2008). Competency-based Learning Material (2nd Year),

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) NC-1, Module 2 Preparing Welding Materials.

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Technology

At the end of the lesson you are expected to:

1. Permanent Tacking is a type of tack weld measured at about ¼” up

2. Semi-permanent Tacking is a tack weld done only in a very short

3. Bridge Tacking is a method of tacking using stiffeners or backing

1. Prepare all the materials/equipment needed in performing tacking weld.

2. Lay the plate to be welded in the working table.

Note: Maintain an arc length of 2mm to 3mm

Note: Always wear a clear eye glasses when chipping slags.

7. Inspect the bead if there is a uniform width.

Note: Use steel brush to remove remnants

8. Present the work piece to your instructor.

In performing tacking you must consider the following:

 Correct Size Electrode. The choice of electrode involves such items; as

 Correct Arc Length. As a rule, the length of the arc should be

 Correct Speed of Travel. the welder should maintain a stable/uniform

Directions: Identify if the given phrase is an Essentials of Welding or not by

Some of the things I learned today are ____________________________________________

What is the importance of knowing the different Welding Essentials?

4. the welder should maintain a stable/uniform

5. The welder must consider the current setting

Department of Education (2018). Technology & Livelihood Module 1 Learner’s

Department of Education (2008). Competency-based Learning Material (2nd Year),

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