LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK [1] ENDING [16-09-

2022]

SUBJECT: TECHNICAL DRAWING

TOPIC: DRAWING MATERIALS AND EQUIPEMENT
TIME: 40 MINUTES
SCHEDULE: 8:10-9:32
AVERAGE AGE: 14 YEARS
LEVEL: SS1
NUMBER OF LEARNERS: 7

TIME TABLE FIT: In the previous lesson, the learners had learnt about basic drawing
materials and geometric construction like bisection, division etc.

MAIN AIM: The learners will be able to elaborate on the meaning of Technical drawing, and
identify the drawing materials and equipment used in engineering drawing and their uses.

SUBSIDIARY AIMS: By the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to
1. Elaborate on the meaning of Technical drawing
2. Identify the carious drawing materials and equipment in engineering drawing and their uses

PERSONAL AIM: To ensure that the learners fully understand the meaning of Technical
drawing, and identify the drawing materials and equipment used in engineering drawing and
their uses.

ASSUMPTION: The leaners may have seen or heard about Drawing materials and equipment
from their textbooks or from online.

ANTICIPATED PROBLEM: The learner may find it difficult to identify the various types of
drawing materials and equipment and their uses.

POSSIBLE SOLUTION: The teacher will have to explain extensively about how to explain
the meaning of Technical drawing, and identify the drawing materials and equipment used in
engineering drawing and their uses.

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TEACHING MATERIAL: Drawing materials and equipment, Posters, Charts, etc.

LEAD IN: Drawing instruments are used to prepare drawings easily and accurately. The
accuracy of the drawings depends largely on the quality of instruments. With instruments of
good quality, desirable accuracy can be attained with ease. It is, therefore, essential to procure
instruments of as superior quality as possible.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: MEANING OF TECHNICAL DRAWING

Technical drawing is a two dimensional representation of three dimensional objects. In
general, it provides necessary information about the shape, size, surface quality, material,
manufacturing process, etc., of the object.
Technical drawing is the graphical means of expression of ideas, thoughts and feelings
without the barrier of a language. It is also the Universal Language for Engineers, Architects,
technicians, draftsman, etc. Communication in engineering is necessary for effectively
transferring one’s ideas to others.

Importance of Technical drawing

1. It is an effective medium for communication to professional members.
2. It increases sense of reasoning and accurate judgment.
3. It helps to design all kinds of object in a concise approach.
4. It enhances creativity and analytical reasoning.
5. It enables one to withstand stress.
6. It develops the psychomotor domain.

STEP 2: IDENTIFICATION OF DRAWING MATERIALS AND THEIR USES

The following are the various drafting tools used in Technical drawing, they are:
1. Drawing Board 9. Set squares
2. Drawing table 10.Protractor
3. Mini drafter 11.Scale Set
4. T- square 12.French curves/Flexible curves
5. Drawing Instrument box 13.Drawing clips, pins or adhesive tapes
6. Drawing Pencils 14.Duster (piece of cloth or brush)
7. Eraser 15.Sand-paper or Emery sheet block
8. Templates 16.Drawing sheet
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17.Compass 19.Sharpeners
18.Dividers

1. Drawing board: Drawing board is rectangular in shape and is made of soft well-seasoned
wood. It has a smooth surface which aides in setting and drawing of the drawing sheet. The
standard sizes of the drawing board are shown in the table below.

Designation Length X Width X Thickness Recommended for use with

(mm) sheet sizes
D0 1500 X 1000 X 25 A0
D1 1000 X 700 X 25 A1
D2 700 X 500 X 15 A2
D3 500 X 350 X 15 A3

Uses: It is used for making and modifying drawings on paper with ink or pencil.

2. Drawing table: It is a multi-angle desk which can be used in different angle according to the
user requisite. The size suits most paper sizes.
Uses: It is used for making and modifying drawings on paper with ink or pencil.

3. Mini drafter: A mini drafter is a drafting instrument which is a combination of scale,

protractor and set square. It is mounted on the top left corner of the drawing board by means
of a clamping mechanism which is an integral part of the device.
Uses: It is used for drawing parallel, perpendicular and angular lines at any place in the
drawing sheet.

4. T- square: It is made up of hard-quality wood, celluloid or plastic with engraved scale. It

consists of two parts - the stock and the blade - joined together at right angles to each other
by means of screws and pins.
Uses
1. It used for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting table,
2. It is also used to guide the triangle that is used to draw vertical lines and inclined lines.

5. Drawing Instrument box: This is a metallic or plastic box which contains the following:
a) Large-size compass with d) Small bow compass
interchangeable pencil and pen legs e) Small bow ink-pen
b) Lengthening bar f) Large-size divider
c) Small bow divider g) Inking pen
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6. Drawing Pencils: This is a hand-held instrument containing an interior strip of solid
material that produces marks. The marking material is most commonly graphite, typically
contained inside a wooden sheath. The hardness of the pencil increases as the value of the
numeral before the letter H increases. The lead becomes softer, as the value of the numeral
before B increases.

Uses: it is used to write and draw, usually on paper

7. Eraser: Erasers are made of rubbery material, and they are often white. Typical erasers are
made of rubber, but more expensive or specialized erasers can also contain vinyl, plastic, or
gum-like materials.
Uses: They are used for removing pencil writings.

8. Templates: These are made of either plastic, metal or some other materials. They have
different shapes on them ranging from polygon, circles, and even building components.
Uses: They are used for drawing small features such as circles, arcs, triangular, square and
other shapes and symbols used in various science and engineering fields.

9. Set squares: Set Square is a triangular piece of transparent plastic or acrylic with the center
removed. The outer edges are typically beveled with engraved mm or inch marking. These
set squares come in two forms, a set of 45° set square and 30°-60° set-square.
Uses: They are used in conjunction with each other and with T-square to draw parallel,
inclined and perpendicular lines.

10.Protractor: The Protractor can be made of transparent acrylic, wood or metal. The units of
measurement used are degrees. They are flat and circular or semi-circular in shape. The
commonest type of protractor is semi-circular.
Uses: The protractor is used to draw or measure such angles as cannot be drawn with the set-
squares.

11.Scale Set: Scales are used to make drawing of the objects to proportionate size desired.
These are made of wood, steel or plastic.
Uses: The scale is used to transfer the true or relative dimensions of an object to the
drawing.

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12.French curves/Flexible curves: French curves are made of wood, plastic or celluloid. They
are made in various shapes. A flexible curve consists of a lead bar inside rubber which bends
conveniently to draw a smooth curve through any set of points.
Uses: These are used to draw a smooth curve passing through a number of points.

13.Drawing clips, pins or adhesive tapes: These are all fasteners but clips or adhesive tapes
are often used instead of the pins because pins often leave holes in the paper and may often
lead to the paper tearing.
Uses: These are used to fix the drawing paper on the drawing board.

14.Duster (piece of cloth or brush): Duster should preferably be of towel cloth of convenient
size, it can also be a handkerchief or brush.

Uses
1. Before starting work, the duster is used to clean all the instruments and materials
2. It is used to sweep away eraser crumbs after using the eraser
3. It is used to clean the underside of the T-square and the set-squares or the drafting
machine which continuously rub against the paper.
4. It is used to clean off perspiration from your hands.

15.Sand-paper (or) Emery sheet block: It consists of a wooden block about 150 mm x 50 mm
x 12 mm thick with a piece of sand-paper pasted or nailed on about half of its length. The
sand-paper, should be replaced by another, when it becomes dirty or worn out.
Uses: This block is used for sharpening the pencil

16.Drawing sheet: Drawing sheet is the medium on which drawings are prepared by means of
pencils. It should be uniform in thickness and as white as possible. Drawing sheets are
available in standard sizes as shown in the table below:
Designation Size (mm)
A0 1189 X 841
A1 841 X 594
A2 594 X 420
A3 420 X 297
A4 297 X 210
Uses: It is used to carry out drawing projects.

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17.Compass: Compasses are usually made of metal, and consist of two parts connected by a
hinge which can be adjusted. Typically one part has a spike at its end, and the other part a
pencil. There are two types of compass is the large-size compass with interchangeable pencil
and pen legs and the small bow compass.
Uses: These are used to draw arcs and circles.

18.Dividers: Dividers are usually made of metal, and consist of two parts connected by a hinge
which can be adjusted. Typically both parts has a spike at its end. Similar to the compasses,
two sizes of dividers are used in technical drawings. One large divider and the other small
spring bow divider.
Uses: Dividers are used to transfer lengths to the drawings either from scales or from the
drawing itself,

19.Sharpeners: Sharpeners are made of plastic and has a blade attached to it using a bolt. It
also has a hole at one side which the pencil is inserted when sharpening.
Uses: This block is used for sharpening the pencil points to a conical shape and maintaining
the sharpness of pencils for good draftsmanship.

INTERACTION PATTERN: The use of explanatory, discussion, play-way, sketching,

teacher to learner and learner to learner method in her teaching method

STUDENTS’ EVALUATION:
1. Elaborate on the meaning of the term ‘Technical drawing’ in your own words
2. Write a short note in your own words about five drawing instruments and equipment.

TEACHER’S EVALUATION: The learners fully understood the meaning of technical

drawing, the identification of drawing materials and equipment used in the technical drawing
lab.

ASSIGNMENT:
1. Write in your own words what you understand by the term ‘Technical drawing’
2. Identify five drawing instruments and equipment in your surroundings and make short notes
on them.

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CONCLUSION: Drawings help us in developing our thoughts and ideas in to a final product.
It is a marvelous medium of expression, a powerful language. Drawings are the road maps
which show how to manufacture products and structures. No
Industrial level construction/manufacturing of any (man-made) engineering objects is possible
without engineering drawing. Now to achieve these drawings, drawing instrument and
equipment are absolutely needed.

BIBLICAL PRINCIPLE: CREATION: The entire universe was spoken into existence by the
designers willing choice.
BIBLICAL INTEGRATED LESSON: By the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to
understand that God been the creator of the universe, spoke into the universe and the creation
began to take place so it was by a word that the universe was created so the same applies to
technical drawing, it was given by God to man as a universal language which aids in the
creation of various things.

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