Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

Impig, Sipocot Camarines Sur 4408
Website: www.cbsua.edu.ph
Trunkline: (054) 881-6681
School: CBSUA Sipocot Grade Level: 10

Teacher John Bernard D. Rili Learning Area: Biology

Teaching Date: February 13,2023 Quarter 3rd

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the a. Define mutation and the different classes of mutation;
lesson, 85% of the b. Illustrate how mutation happens; and
class will be able to: c. Appreciate the positive effects of mutation in the evolution of
an organism by recreating a known organism.

Content Mutation
Content Standard The learners demonstrate an understanding of mutation and its different
types
Learning explain how mutations may cause changes in the structure and function
Competency of a protein;
CODE S10LTIIIe-38
LEARNING Libretexts. (2021, March 6). 4.8: Mutation Types. Biology LibreTexts.
RESOURCE/ https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biolo
REFERENCE gy/Book:_Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/04:_Molecular_Biology/
4.08:_Mutation_Types

G. Gilchris Mutation National Human Genome Research Institute

thttps://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Mutation#:~:text=A
%20mutation%20is%20a%20change,mutagens%20or%20a%20viral
%20infection.

APEX. Unit 6. p. 88. EASE Biology. Module 15. pp. 14-15.

Science and Technology II: Biology Textbook. NISMED. 2012. p.
195.
Science and Technology II: Biology Textbook. NISMED. 2004. p.
195.

Procedure
a. Approach Question-Discussion Approach
b. Method 7E’s (Elicit, Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate,
Evaluate, Expand)
c. Strategy Discussion, oral questioning, brainstorming, games.
d. Values Integration Cooperation, communication, appreciation, and understanding.
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Greetings

Good morning, class. Good morning, Sir

Please all stand and let us pray.

Opening Prayer
Glory to the Father, to the Son and
(Call a student), kindly lead the prayer
to the Holy Spirit. As it was in
Securing Orderliness beginning, is now, and ever shall be,
Please pick up the pieces of small papers and world without end. Amen
garbage and throw them in the trash can. Also,
please arrange your chairs properly.

Checking of Attendance:
Mr Class President, are there
students that are absent today?
No, sir. We are all present.
Thank you for checking.

ELICIT

Ms. Joy, will you please do a short recap of what Sir, we have discussed about protein
you have discussed last meeting? synthesize. Protein synthesis is the
process from which cells makes
Okay, good.
protein.

ENGAGED

Now let’s play a game!

This activity is called Telephone! Listen carefully

to my instructions.

I will divide the class into two groups.

These group on my right will be assigned to
Group 1 while those who are seating on the
left will be assigned as Group 2.

Choose a representative from your group

who will randomly pick a message and relay
to the next person the message by
whispering. The representative will be on
the last row. This person will do the same
until the message has been relayed to the
 last person on the front row.
The last persons from each team will stand
in front and announce the message they
Yes, sir.
received to the whole class.

The representative will read the correct (Students perform the activity).
message to confirm. Are the instructions
clear?

You may now start.

Sir, the message has been altered

After performing this activity, what do you when it has been received by the
observe? person in front.

Yes, Ms. Sheila.

At the end of the lesson, 85% of the

class will be able to:
Correct. In genetics, DNA and chromosomes can
have a misunderstanding. Now in order for us to a. define mutation and the
help understand our lesson we must be able to different classes of mutation;
achieve our goals for today. Ms. Ella, kindly read b. Illustrate how mutation
our objectives. happens; and
c. Appreciate the positive
effects of mutation in the
evolution of an organism by
recreating a known
organism.

Now there will be words that might be unfamiliar to

you throughout our lesson, I would like you to take
notes of them.

(calls a student) Please read the words to remember. Codon - A sequence of three
consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or
RNA molecule that codes for a
specific amino acid

Anticodon- is complementary to a
corresponding codon in a messenger
RNA

(mRNA) sequence

mRNA - messenger RNA; brings

 information from the DNA in the
nucleus to the cytoplasm

tRNA – transfer RNA; an adaptor

Okay, now that you are now familiar with these molecule composed of RNA that
terminologies, let’s prepare ourselves for our next serves as the physical link between
activity. the mRNA and the amino acid
sequence of proteins

EXPLORE

Please refer to the Appendix)

For our next activity, I will need 10 volunteers to
simulate a mutation.

I will give each student a DNA with instructions.

They will read and do the instructions. Once they
are done on the first sandwich, which will be our
normal food, they will received another DNA and
they will repeat the process.

Once they are done with the second sandwich,

which will be our mutated food, they will provide it
with a name.

EXPLAIN

In our activity, Mr. Darrer, what have you Sir the first DNA was normal and
observed? able to produce a nice egg sandwich,
however, on the second DNA, there
was a change in the ingredient and
was able to create a new kind of
sandwich.

Correct. Ms. Vanessa, what would be the result if

we remove a DNA instructions from the process?
 Sir, there might be a missing
ingredient from the sandwich.
Exactly. Ms. Rica, what if we replace the 3rd DNA
with the last DNA?

Correct. The process of making egg sandwich will

stop when you switch places with the last DNA. Sir, there would be just bread

ELABORATE

In Point mutation, it changes a single base of DNA.

For example

In
CAT-CAT-CAT (DNA)
Sir, the corresponding strand is
Mr Umpad, please give the corresponding RNA GUA-GUA-GUA.
strand.

Correct!
Sir the answer is Valine-Valine-
How about the amino acids? Mr Camino, please Valine
stand up.

Exactly.

Now in point mutation,

CAT-CGT-CAT (DNA)

GUA-GCA-GUA (RNA)

Valine – Alanine- Valine (Protein)

As we can see, a single base DNA have change thus

changing its RNA and ultimately change one amino
acid.
On frameshift mutation, one nucleotide is added to
the DNA strand

Now using the same DNA Sequence,

CAT- CAT- CAT,

Sir, the new RNA strand is GUA-
CAT – GCA -TCA-T CGU-AGU
Ms Vanessa, please provide the new RNA strand.
Sir, according to the genetic table
the amino acids are Valine- Cysteine
Thank you. And Mr. Cerrer please provide the – Serine
amino acids

That’s right. As you can see, just an additional

nucleotide it has already change two RNA and two
amino acids.

Now let’s proceed to Nonsense mutation

Take a look at the example.

DNA RNA PROTEIN

ACA → UGU → Cysteine

When a nonsense mutation happens

ACT → UGA → STOP

It changes a nucleotide that results in cutting off the

protein sequence.

However, during the Missense mutation,

ACA → UGU → Cysteine

↓
ACC→ UGG →Tryptophan

It only changes a single amino acid.

Aside from these mutations, another type of The 5 kinds of chromosome

mutation exist which is chromosome mutation. mutations are:
1. Deletion
Chromosome mutation is the mutation that alters 2. Duplication
chromosome structure 3. Inversion
4. Insertion
There are 5 kinds of chromosome mutation. Ms. 5. Translocation
Ann please read them.
Thank you, Ms. Ann.

The first type of chromosome mutation is deletion.

It happens when a base is deleted from the nitrogen
base sequence.

Next is Duplication. It occurs when a part of a

chromosome is copied (duplicated) too many times.
This type of chromosomal change results in extra
copies of genetic material from the duplicated
segment.

The third one is Inversion. It is when a segment of a

chromosome is reversed end to end.

Insertion is the addition of one or more nucleotide

base pairs into a DNA sequence.
The last one is Translocation it is when segments of The common genetic disorders are
two chromosomes are exchanged.  Sickle cell anemia
 Albinism
 Down Syndrome

Since chromosomes mutation affects the entire

structure of the chromosomes, the organism
affected don’t usually survive. Even if they
survived, they are plagued with life-long disorder.

Mutation in human can lead in inherited disorders.

Ms. Eloisa, what are the common genetic disorders

in human?

Thank you. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a

recessive disorder through a single substitution
mutation in the gene that is responsible for
hemoglobin production. Hemoglobin is known for
carrying oxygen in the blood. In a normal gene,
glutamic acid is formed in the chain. But when the
amino acid valine substitutes glutamic acid, this
leads to the production of sickle-shaped blood cells.
Albinism is a result of deletion mutation. Albinism
is an autosomal recessive disorder in which the
formation of melanin is reduced or absent in skin,
hair, and eyes due to the lack of activity of
tyrosinase. This is caused by the deletion of the
tyrosinase gene

Yes, sir.
None, sir.

Down Syndrome Down syndrome is caused by a

translocation during meiosis that transfers most of
chromosome 21. It is related with slight retardation
of cognitive ability. It is also characterized with
impairment of physical growth, body and facial
features.

Not all mutations have a negative effect in an

organism.
These mutation helps the organism to adapt into
their environment and it is an essential for an
evolution to occur.

For example, the lung fish which can become a fish

when there is water but when it dries up, it can
make its bladder function as a lung; thus, enable it
to breathe during dry season.

Now, is everything clear to you class?

Do you have any more questions?
EVALUATION

Now, let us put your understanding to a test. Kindly

get ½ sheet of paper crosswise. Write your name
and section. Then answer the following questions:

1. What is the kind of mutation that changes a

single nucleotide?
2. What kind of mutation that added one or
more nucleotide pairs into the DNA
sequence?
3. It is the kind of mutation that changes a
single base of DNA that results in cutting off
the protein sequence.
4. It is kind of mutation that when a base is
deleted from the nitrogen base sequence
5. It only changes a single amino acid in the
protein strand.
For items 6-10, kindly refer to the table shown on
the screen. Complete the sequence by filling out
what is needed or being asked in each item.
Refer to the amino acid chart to indicate what amino
acids are being coded.
Original DNA code –C-A-G-C-A-G-C-A-G-C-A-G-
C-A-G-C-A-G
Mutated DNA gene- C-A-G-C-A-G-C-A-G-_-A-G-
C-A-G-C-A-G
Amino Acid: Glutamine- Glutamine -6____-
7_____- 8_______ Mutated base or nucleotide 9
___________ Type of mutation: 10
________________________

For 11-15. How mutation does affects the evolution

of an organism?

EXTEND

1. As we have discussed earlier, not all mutations

have bad effects. Supposed that you are a genetic
engineer and you are tasked to modify a trait in a
crop or livestock animal that will help increase food
production. In A short-sized bond paper, draw your
genetically-modified organism. Make some labels,
then write a simple explanation of your work.

Please be guided with the following rubrics:

Drawing Quality 10 points

Labels 5 points
Required Information (Title, Short Explanation) 5
points
Total: 20 points

.
 Prepared by:

JOHN BERNARD D. RILI

Student Teacher

Checked:

Prof. Jomar Buendia

Cooperating Teacher
APPENDIX

Activity

Food Mutation

Materials:

 Strip of DNA
 Slice bread
 Mayo
 Hard boiled eggs
 White onions
 Peanut butter

Procedure:

1. Ask 10 students to volunteer

 2. Give each student a DNA instruction
3. The student will read the instruction and will do so
4. Pass the material to the next student
5. After all the instructions are done. The student will pretend that there will be a
mutation in the food.
6. Repeat the process for the mutated food
7. The student will provide a new name for the mutated food.

DNA with mutation Instruction

TAA Open the bag of bread

GCG Remove one piece of bread and place it on a plate

CCC Remove the other piece of bread and place it next to the first

TTT Put mayo on a bowl

GTA Add Peanut Butter

CTA Add the egg

TTC Mash the egg

GTG Mix the ingredients

TTA Using a spoon, spread the mixture into the bread

ATT Place another bread on top of the spread

DNA without Instruction

mutation

TAA Open the bag of bread

GCG Remove one piece of bread and place it on a plate

CCC Remove the other piece of bread and place it next to the first

TTT Put mayo on a bowl

 GTC Add onions

CTA Add the egg

TTC Mash the egg

GTG Mix the ingredients

TTA Using a spoon, spread the mixture into the bread

ATT Place another bread on top of the spread.

Answer key to the quiz

1. Point mutation
2. Insertion
3. Nonsense mutation
4. Deletion
5. Missense mutation
6. Serine
7. Serine
8. None
9. C
10. Deletion

11-15

Rubrics

Points Description

5 Well written and very organized.

Excellent grammar mechanics.

 Clear and concise statements.

Excellent effort and presentation with detail.

Demonstrates a thorough understanding of the
topic

4 Writes fairly clear. Good grammar mechanics.

Good presentation and organization. Sufficient
effort and detail.

3 Minimal effort. Minimal grammar mechanics.

Fair presentation. Few supporting details.

2 Somewhat unclear. Shows little effort. Poor

grammar mechanics. Confusing and choppy,
incomplete sentences. No organization of
thoughts.

1 Lacking effort. Very poor grammar mechanics.

Very unclear. Does not address topic. Limited
attempt.

Amino acid Chart

U C A G
Phenylalanine Serine Tyrosine Cysteine U
Phenylalanine Serine Tyrosine Cysteine C
U Leucine Serine STOP STOP A
Leucine Serine STOP Tryptophan G
Leucine Proline Histidine Arginine U
C Leucine Proline Histidine Arginine C
Leucine Proline Glutamine Arginine A
Leucine Proline Glutamine Arginine G
Isoleucine Threonine Asparagine Serine U
Isoleucine Threonine Asparagine Serine C
A Isoleucine Threonine Lysine Arginine A
Methionine Threonine Lysine Arginine G
Valine Alanine Apartic Acid Glycine U
Valine Alanine Apartic Acid Glycine C
Valine Alanine Glutamic Acide Glycine A
G Valine Alanine Glutamic Acid Glycine G