Lecture Differential Length Area Volume

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1/1/2021

Electromagnetics:
Electromagnetic Field Theory

Differential Length, Area & 
Volume

Outline

• Cartesian Coordinates
• Cylindrical Coordinates
• Spherical Coordinates

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Cartesian Coordinates

Cylindrical Coordinates

Spherical Coordinates

Slide 3

Cartesian Coordinates

Slide 4

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Cartesian: Differential Lengths

d   dxaˆ x

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Cartesian: Differential Lengths

d   dxaˆ x  dyaˆ y

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Cartesian: Differential Lengths

d   dxaˆ x  dyaˆ y  dzaˆ z

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Cartesian: Differential Areas

ds  dydzaˆ x

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Cartesian: Differential Areas

ds  dydzaˆ x  dxdzaˆ y

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Cartesian: Differential Areas

ds  dydzaˆ x  dxdzaˆ y  dxdyaˆ z

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Cartesian: Differential Volume
dv  dxdydz

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Cylindrical Coordinates

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Cylindrical: Differential Lengths

d   d  aˆ 

d

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Cylindrical: Differential Lengths

d   d  aˆ    d aˆ

d

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Cylindrical: Differential Lengths

d   d  aˆ    d aˆ  dzaˆ z

d

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Cylindrical: Differential Areas

ds   d dzaˆ 

d

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Cylindrical: Differential Areas

ds   d dzaˆ   d  dzaˆ

d

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Cylindrical: Differential Areas

ds   d dzaˆ   d  dzaˆ   d  d aˆ z

d

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Cylindrical: Differential Volume
dv   d  d dz

d

Slide 19

Spherical Coordinates

Slide 20

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Spherical: Differential Lengths

d   draˆr

draˆr
rd rd

dr
r sin  d

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Spherical: Differential Lengths

d   draˆr
 r sin  d aˆ

r sin  d aˆ
draˆr
rd rd

dr
r sin  d

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Spherical: Differential Lengths

d   draˆr
 rd aˆ
 r sin  d aˆ
r sin  d aˆ
draˆr
rd rd

rd aˆ

dr
r sin  d

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Spherical: Differential Areas

ds  r 2 sin  d d aˆr

r 2 sin  d d aˆr
rd rd
dr

dr
r sin  d

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Spherical: Differential Areas

ds  r 2 sin  d d aˆr
 r sin  drd aˆ
r 2 sin  d d aˆr
rd rd
dr

r sin  drd aˆ

dr
r sin  d

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Spherical: Differential Areas

ds  r 2 sin  d d aˆr
 r sin  drd aˆ
r 2 sin  d d aˆr
 rdrd aˆ
rd rdrd aˆ
dr

r sin  drd aˆ

dr
r sin  d

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Spherical: Differential Volume
dv  r 2 sin  drd d

rd rd
dr

dr
r sin  d

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