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    Greece 2

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    Nermeen Ahmed
    The document summarizes the key differences between the rival Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens in 3 main areas: 1) Sparta developed a strict militaristic society focused on maintaining control over their helot slaves through constant military training and discipline. Athens established a democratic system of government that included more citizens. 2) Spartan women had more freedoms than other Greek women but could not participate in government. Athenian democracy only included about 20% of the total population as citizens. 3) Athens experienced a "Golden Age" under the rule of Pericles and focused on philosophy, arts, and rebuilding the city, while Sparta prioritized military strength and maintaining traditional ways.

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    Greece 2

    Uploaded by

    Nermeen Ahmed
    40 views24 pages
    The document summarizes the key differences between the rival Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens in 3 main areas: 1) Sparta developed a strict militaristic society focused on maintaining control over their helot slaves through constant military training and discipline. Athens established a democratic system of government that included more citizens. 2) Spartan women had more freedoms than other Greek women but could not participate in government. Athenian democracy only included about 20% of the total population as citizens. 3) Athens experienced a "Golden Age" under the rule of Pericles and focused on philosophy, arts, and rebuilding the city, while Sparta prioritized military strength and maintaining traditional ways.

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    The document summarizes the key differences between the rival Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens in 3 main areas: 1) Sparta developed a strict militaristic society focused on maintaining control over their helot slaves through constant military training and discipline. Athens established a democratic system of government that included more citizens. 2) Spartan women had more freedoms than other Greek women but could not participate in government. Athenian democracy only included about 20% of the total population as citizens. 3) Athens experienced a "Golden Age" under the rule of Pericles and focused on philosophy, arts, and rebuilding the city, while Sparta prioritized military strength and maintaining traditional ways.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    40 views24 pages

    Greece 2

    Uploaded by

    Nermeen Ahmed
    The document summarizes the key differences between the rival Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens in 3 main areas: 1) Sparta developed a strict militaristic society focused on maintaining control over their helot slaves through constant military training and discipline. Athens established a democratic system of government that included more citizens. 2) Spartan women had more freedoms than other Greek women but could not participate in government. Athenian democracy only included about 20% of the total population as citizens. 3) Athens experienced a "Golden Age" under the rule of Pericles and focused on philosophy, arts, and rebuilding the city, while Sparta prioritized military strength and maintaining traditional ways.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Greek Civilization

    Lecture 2
    Rivals: Athens vs. Sparta
    Rivals
    • 2 leading city-states = Sparta & Athens
     very different from one another
    Sparta
    • Founded by descendants of
    Dorian invaders (from “dark
    ages”)
    • Located on the
    Peloponnesus Peninsula
    (southern Greece)
    • Invaded neighboring city-
    states & enslaved people
    – Slaves were called helots
    – Slaves farmed the estates of
    the Spartans
    Sparta
    • Spartans developed a militaristic society
    to keep control over the people
    – Started this after they suppressed a 30
    year revolt by the helots
    A Military Society
    • All life revolved around the army
    – Only healthy babies were allowed to live
    – Boys entered the military at age 7
    – Stayed in the military until age 60
    Role of Women
    • Women, like men, were expected
    to exercise and be strong
    – Spartan women trained in gymnastics,
    boxing, and wrestling
    – Needed to produce healthy babies
    – Had more freedoms than other Greek
    women
    – Could go shopping in the marketplace,
    express political opinions, own
    property, etc.  could NOT take part in
    government though
    Sparta’s Government
    • 2 kings ruled Sparta, but had little power
    – Led the army & conducted religious services
    – Assembly had most power = group of male
    citizens over age of 30
    • Council of Elders served as Supreme Court
    and proposed laws to the Assembly = 28 men
    over age of 60
    Sparta’s Government
    • Sparta was behind other city-states in
    economics, philosophy, science, and
    arts
    – Rulers afraid of change; afraid of outside
    influence
    Athens
    • Founded by
    descendants of
    Mycenaeans
    • Lived on Attica
    peninsula (northeast
    of Peloponnesus)
    • Named after the
    goddess Athena
    Athens
    • Athens’ citizenship included more
    people than Sparta’s did
    – Constitution (plan of government) = said
    that all free, Athenian-born men were
    citizens, whether they owned land or not
    – Reduced friction between social classes
    Athenian Rulers
    • Draco = 621 BCE
    – Issued an improved code of
    laws with very harsh
    penalties
    – Because the laws were
    written down, everyone knew
    what they were
    – Draconian = word that has
    come to mean harsh or
    severe
    Athenian Rulers
    • Solon = 594 BCE
    – Cancelled all land debt & freed debtors
    from slavery
    – Placed limits on how much land a
    person could own
    – Promoted trade by making farmers
    grow cash crops
    – Required fathers to teach their sons a
    skill
    – Allowed all citizens to participate in the
    Assembly & courts of law
    Athenian Rulers
    • Peisistratus = 546 BCE
    – Divided large estates
    among landless farmers
    – Helped the poor  loaned
    them money; gave them
    public works jobs
    Athenian Democracy
    • Cleisthenes (ruler – 508 BCE)
    established democracy in Athens
    • Assembly became the most
    powerful political body
    – Members were chosen by a lottery
    system – limit of 500 people
    – Open to all citizens
    Athenian Democracy
    • Note: Citizens still only 20% of
    population  excluded slaves, women,
    and foreign-born
    • Citizens considered equal before the
    law; granted freedom of speech
    Athenian Democracy
    • Jury system established
    • System of Ostracism = Athenians could
    get rid of undesirable politicians
    Athenian Education
    • Depended on social & economic status
    • Athenian citizens were required to
    educate their sons
    • Girls didn’t receive a formal education –
    were trained in household duties
    Athenian Education
    • Main textbooks were the Iliad and the
    Odyssey
    • Learned arithmetic, geometry, drawing,
    music, gymnastics, and rhetoric (art of
    public speaking)
    • At 18, boys entered the military for 2
    years
    War, Glory, and Decline
    Quick Overview
    • 400s BCE  Persian Empire had strongest
    military in the world
    • Persian Empire wanted to invade Europe and
    expand
    • Greek city-states cooperated in resisting
    Persian attacks
    • After victory against Persia, the Greeks
    enjoyed a “golden age”
    • Then – Greek city-states began to fight each
    other
    The Persian Wars
    • Persians took over the Greek city-
    states in Ionia (in Asia)
    • Ionians revolted against Persians,
    with help from other city-states like
    Athens
    • Persians (led by King Darius)
    defeated the Ionians & decided to
    punish the other city-states on
    mainland Greece for helping the
    Ionians
    The Golden Age of Athens
    Golden Age of Athens
    • Athenian general
    Pericles rebuilt Athens
    to become the most
    beautiful city in Greece
    • Public buildings =
    fancy; Athenian homes
    = simple
    • Most famous building
    built = Parthenon atop
    the Acropolis

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