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    MICROBIOLOGY

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    Melbha
    The document outlines the units of a microbiology course, including brief introductions to: 1. The history of microbiology and importance of microbiology in nursing. 2. Structures and classification of microbes, their differences, and bacterial cell structures. 3. Identification methods for microorganisms in the laboratory. 4. Growth of microbes, culture media, and how bacteria are classified by temperature. 5. Destruction of microorganisms through sterilization, disinfection, and their roles in hospital infection control. The units cover a wide range of microorganisms causing human disease like bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi as well as the pathogenesis and laboratory

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    MICROBIOLOGY

    Uploaded by

    Melbha
    36 views6 pages
    The document outlines the units of a microbiology course, including brief introductions to: 1. The history of microbiology and importance of microbiology in nursing. 2. Structures and classification of microbes, their differences, and bacterial cell structures. 3. Identification methods for microorganisms in the laboratory. 4. Growth of microbes, culture media, and how bacteria are classified by temperature. 5. Destruction of microorganisms through sterilization, disinfection, and their roles in hospital infection control. The units cover a wide range of microorganisms causing human disease like bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi as well as the pathogenesis and laboratory

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    The document outlines the units of a microbiology course, including brief introductions to: 1. The history of microbiology and importance of microbiology in nursing. 2. Structures and classification of microbes, their differences, and bacterial cell structures. 3. Identification methods for microorganisms in the laboratory. 4. Growth of microbes, culture media, and how bacteria are classified by temperature. 5. Destruction of microorganisms through sterilization, disinfection, and their roles in hospital infection control. The units cover a wide range of microorganisms causing human disease like bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi as well as the pathogenesis and laboratory

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    36 views6 pages

    MICROBIOLOGY

    Uploaded by

    Melbha
    The document outlines the units of a microbiology course, including brief introductions to: 1. The history of microbiology and importance of microbiology in nursing. 2. Structures and classification of microbes, their differences, and bacterial cell structures. 3. Identification methods for microorganisms in the laboratory. 4. Growth of microbes, culture media, and how bacteria are classified by temperature. 5. Destruction of microorganisms through sterilization, disinfection, and their roles in hospital infection control. The units cover a wide range of microorganisms causing human disease like bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi as well as the pathogenesis and laboratory

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    UNIT I – INTRODUCTION

    • Brief History of Microbiology• Importance of Microbiology in Nursing • Microscopes

    Joseph Lister (2M) (2M)


    Write contributions of Louis Pasteur. (2M) (5M) (5M) (5M) (5M) (5M)
    Robert Koch. (5M) (2M ) (5M) (5M)
    Dark field microscope. (5M)
    Alexander Fleming. (2M )
    Two types of electron microscope (2M)
    Koch Postulates (2M) (5M)
    Father of microbiology. (2M)

    UNIT II – STRUCTURES AND CLASSIFICATION OF MICROBES


    • Morphological types • Size and form of bacteria• Motility• Classification of Micro-orgnisms

    Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (5M)


    Pili. (2M)
    Dimorphic fungus. (2M)
    Plasmid. . (2M)
    Explain spore and types. (5M)
    Name two spore forming bacteria (2M)
    Bacterial cell wall. (5M) (5M) (5M)
    Endospore. (2M)
    Bacterial Flagella (5M) (5M)
    Capsule. (2M)
    Spores (2M)
    Bacterial conjugation (2M)
    Binary fission (2M)
    Draw a neat diagram of a typical bacterial cell. (2M)

    UNIT III - IDENTIFICATION OF MICRO-ORGANISMS.


    • Discussion of laboratory methods• Diagnosis of bacterial diseases

    Quellung Reaction (2M)


    Negative staining. (2M) (2M)
    Hanging drop method. (5M) (5M) (5M) (2M)
    Acid fast staining (5M) (2M) (5M)
    Grams Staining. (5M) (5M) (2M) (5M) (5M) (2M)
    Types of bacterial staining methods. (2M) (5M)

    UNIT IV - GROWTH MICROBES


    Chemotrophs (2M)
    Anaerobic media with example (2M) (5M)
    Generation Time of Bacteria. (2M)
    Enriched medium. (2M) (5M)
    Selective media with an example. (2M) (2M)
    Transport media. (2M) (2M) (2M)
    Agglutination. (2M) (5M) (2M) (2M) (2M)
    Mesophilic bacteria. (2M)
    Define culture media. Describe various types with examples (15M)

    1
    Culture medium (2M)
    Classify bacteria based on Temperature. (2M) (2M)

    UNIT V - DESTRUCTION OF MICRO-ORGANISMS


    • Sterlization and disinfection• Chemotherapy and antibiotics• Effects of heat and cold• Hospital Infection control
    procedure & role of nurses.

    Tyndallisation (2M) (2M)


    Name four Filters used in sterilization. (2M)
    Name four chemical agents used in sterilization. (2M)
    Cold sterilization (2M)
    Autoclave. (5M) (5M) (5M)
    Define sterilization and discuss in detail moist heat sterilization (15M)
    Pasteurization. (2M) (2M) (2M) (2M) (2M)
    Define Sterilization. Classify the various methods of sterilization and add a note on
    autoclave (15M) (15M)
    Terminal disinfection. (5M)
    Gases used for sterilization (2M)
    Hot air oven (2M) (5M)
    Halogen – disinfectant (2M)
    Steam under pressure. (2M)
    Disinfection (2M)
    List out properties of a chemical disinfectant (5M) (2M)
    Disinfectants (5M)
    Give four methods of moist heat sterilization (2M)
    What is Disinfection? Give a detailed account of the commonly used disinfectants
    (15M)
    Add a note on cold sterilisation? (5M)
    Define Nosocomial infection. Add a note on the sources, transmission, causative
    organisms and prevention. (15M) (15M)
    Write in detail about hospital acquired infections and methods to prevent. (15M)
    Nosocomial infection (5M) (2M)
    Iatrogenic infection (2M)
    Modes of transmission of hospital acquired infection (5M)
    Hospital infection control. (5M)

    UNIT VI - DISEASE PRODUCING MICRO-ORGANISMS


    • Gram positive bacilli • Tuberculosis and Leprosy • Anaerobes• Cocci• Spirochete• Rickettsiae

    Black water fever (2M) (2M)


    Chemotrophs (2M)
    Flagella (2M)
    Tetanus (5M)
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (5M)
    Briefly describe the morphology, cultural characteristics ,pathogenesis and
    laboratory diagnosis of staphylococcus aureus. (15M) (15M)
    Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever (5M)
    Mesophilic Bacteria. (2M)
    Botulism (2M) (2M)
    Candida albicans. (5M) (5M) (2M) (5M)

    2
    Diphtheria. (2M) (5M)
    Describe the pathogenesis, Lab diagnosis and prophylaxis of Corynebacterium
    diptheriae. (15M)
    Lab diagnosis of syphilis. (5M)
    List the organisms causing acute diarrhoeal diseases and describe the laboratory
    diagnosis of Vibrio Cholerae. (15M) (15M)
    Urinary tract infection. (5M) (5M)
    Mention two non-suppurative complications of Streptococcus pyogenes (2M) (2M)
    Name two organisms causing bacteraemia. (2M)
    Widal test (2M) (5M) (5M)
    Tetanus toxin. (2M)
    Write in detail about antibiotics, its classification, and explain microbial drug
    resistance. (15M)
    Cholera (2M) (5M)
    VDRL test (2M)
    Significant Bacteriuria (2M)
    Wool Sorter disease (2M)
    Bacillary Dysentry. (2M)
    Elek gel Test (2M)
    Gonorrhoea. (2M)
    Describe the morphology, cultural characteristics pathogenesis and Laboratory
    diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (15M)
    Antibiotic sensitivity tests. (5M)
    Syphilis. (2M)
    Briefly discuss about morphology, Pathogenicity and laboratory diagnosis of
    Salmonella Typhi. (15M)
    Enumerate organisms causing Urinary tract infection and its laboratory diagnosis
    (15M)
    Pathogenicity of Candida albicans (2M)
    Name two spore forming bacteria (2M)
    Pulmonary tuberculosis (2M)
    Typhoid Fever (5M)
    Pathogenicity of Staph. Aureus (2M)
    Tuberculosis. (2M)
    Prophylaxiz against tetanus (5M)
    Prophylaxis of polio (5M)
    Give the morphology, cultural characters, pathogenicity and lab diagnosis of
    Candidiasis. (15M)
    Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus pyogenes. (2M)
    Pathogenic Gram positive bacilli. (2M)
    Anti-tuberculosis drugs. (2M)
    Lepromin test (2M)
    Streptococcal infections. (2M)
    Serological tests for syphilis (2M) (2M)
    Describe the morphology, cultural characters, pathogenesis and laboratory
    diagnosis of Klebsiella pneumonia. (15M)
    Name two antibiotics that act on the protein synthesis of bacteria. (2M)
    Name four organisms causing meningitis (2M)
    Germ tube experiment (2M)

    3
    UNIT VII – YEASTS AND MOULDS
    • Pathogenic fungi• Dermatophytes• Systemic Mycotic infection• Laboratory diagnosis of mycotic infection

    Name four fungus causing superficial mycosis (2M)


    Systemic Mycosis. (2M)
    Aspergillosis. (2M)
    Types Flagellum. (2M)
    Dermatophytes (5M) (2M) (5M)
    Cryptococcosis. (5M)
    Name two dermatophytes (2M)
    Oppourtunistic fungal infections (5M)
    Yeast like Fungi. (2M) (2M)
    Superficial Mycosis with example (5M) (5M)
    Write 2 differences between fungi and bacteria (2M)

    UNIT VIII – IMMUNITY


    • Immunity and hypersensitivity- skin test• Antigen and antibody reaction
    • Immunization in disease
    .
    What is hypersensitivity? 2 Briefly explain the types. (15M)
    Name two killed vaccines (2M)
    Haptans (2M)
    Write brief notes on immunity and types (15M) (15M)
    Name four live vaccines (2M) (2M) (2M)
    Millionaire molecule (2M)
    Precipitation reaction (2M) (5M) (2M)
    BCG vaccine. (2M) (2M) (2M)
    Immunization. (2M) (2M)
    Mantoux Test. (2M) (2M) (2M) (2M) (5M)
    IgA. (5M)
    Innate Immunity. (5M)
    Define infection? Write the types, source and transmission of infection (15M)
    (15M)
    Explain antigen, antibody and antigen antibody reactions with examples. (15M)
    Carriers. (2M) (2M)
    Anaphylaxis. (2M )
    MMR. (2M) (2M)
    Give two examples of live vaccines and their route of administration (2M) (2M)
    Explain humoral immunity. Write about five types of antibodies (15M)
    Type - I Hypersensitivity. (5M) (5M)
    What are Vaccines? Explain its types and immunization schedule. (15M)
    Phagocytosis (5M)
    Lymphocytes (2M)
    Define and classify Hypersensitivity. Describe briefly about Type I reactions. (15M)
    Antigen and Antibody reaction. (5M)
    Hypersensitivity. (5M)
    Infections and Various Types. (5M)
    Carrier and various types (5M) (2M)

    4
    Mode of transmission of Infection (5M)
    Structure of Antibody molecule (2M)
    DPT vaccine (2M)
    Passive immunity (2M) (5M) (5M)
    Define Immunity and classify it (5M) (2M)
    Infection (2M)
    Antigen (2M)
    Name the various antigen- antibody reactions and describe the principle and
    applications of precipitation reaction (15M)
    Mention two differences between humoral and cell mediated immunity (2M)
    Active Immunity (5M)
    Define and classify Hypersensitivity. Discuss in detail about type III hypersensitivity
    reaction with example (15M)
    Mediators of Anaphylaxis (5M)
    What is Adjuvant? Give two examples (2M)

    UNIT IX - PARASITES AND VECTORS


    • Characteristics and classification of parasites
    • Protozoal infection including amoebiasis
    • Helminthes infection
    • Diagnosis of parasitic infection
    • Vectors and diseases transmitted by them

    Hydatid cyst (5M)


    Arthropod - borne diseases (2M)
    Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica. (5M) (15M)
    Kala-azar (5M).
    Parasite (2M)
    Write briefly the life cycle of Plasmodium (15M)
    Malaria. (5M) (5M) (5M)
    What is zoonosis? Give two examples (2M) (2M)
    Name four nematode infecting man. (2M)
    List out the four species of parasite that causes Malaria. (2M) (2M)
    Name two diseases caused by arboviruses and their vectors. (2M) (2M)
    Dengue fever. (2M)
    Amoebiasis (2M)
    Filariasis (2M) (2M)
    Vector borne diseases (2M)
    Microfilariae (5M)
    Write four differences between plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax (2M)
    Briefly discuss Zoonotic diseases (5M)

    5
    UNIT X - VIRUSES
    • Classification and general character of viruses
    • Diseases caused by viruses in man and animal and their control

    Rabies virus (5M) (5M)


    Poliovirus (5M)
    Influenza virus (5M) (2M)
    ELISA. (5M) (2M) (5M) (2M)
    Name four viruses causing hepatitis and their modes of transmission. (2M) (2M)
    What are the modes of transmission of HIV? (2M) (2M)
    Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. (2M)
    Hepatitis – B (5M)
    Describe the mode of transmission and laboratory diagnosis of Hepatitis infection.
    (15M)
    Polio vaccines (2M) (5M)
    Describe the mode of Transmission and laboratory diagnosis of Human Immuno
    deficiency virus infection. (15M) (15M)
    Hepatitis Virus (5M)
    List out four properties of Virus (2M)
    Morphology of HIV (2M)
    General properties of viruses (5M) (2M)
    HIV - Human Immuno Deficiency virus (2M)
    Name two diseases transmitted by blood and blood products (2M)
    Mention the methods used for cultivating Viruses. (2M)

    UNIT XI - MICRO-ORGANISMS TRANSMITTED


    • Micro-organisms transmitted through food.
    • Food poisoning
    • Food borne infections

    What is epidemic disease, give examples? (2M)


    Food borne disease (2M) (2M) (2M)
    Bio-medical waste management (2M) (5M) (2M) (2M) (5M)
    Traveller Diarrhoea. (2M)
    Bio-terrorism (2M)
    Enumerate common bacterial organisms causing food poisoning (5M)

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