Finals Reviewer Australoid Sakai (25,000-30,000 years

ago) - they came using land bridges

 The Philippines is located in which connected the Philippines to the
Southeast Asia. Bounded by Mainland Asia.
Taiwan and South China Sea in
the NORTH. Bounded by Pacific Positivism - school of thought that
Ocean in the EAST. Bounded by emerged between 18th and 19th century
Celebes Sea and Indonesia in the Postcolonialism - school of thought that
SOUTH. Bounded by Vietnam, emerged in early 20th century.
Thailand, and Malaysia in the Historians - organize past to give
WEST. Its total land area is 300,00 lessons to the nation, societies and
square kilometers. civilizations. To look for sources and
select the most relevant not just to seek
Glory of the Sea- rarest shell in the world historical evidences and facts but to
Tridacna Gigas- largest shell in the world. interpret these facts.
Annales School of History - school of
Democracy- comes from the Greek
history born in France that challenged the
words: demos which means “people”
canons of history.
and kratos which means “rule of”. This
Primary Sources - sources produced at
concept of democracy is grounded in
the same time as the event, period or
freedom and the “rule of the people”
subject being studied.
THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT Secondary Sources - produced by an
author who used primary sources to
Executive Branch- has the duty in produced the material.
implementing the law
MARCH 31, 1521 - Easter Sunday. Held
Legislative Branch- creation of laws the first mass.

Judicial Branch - in charge in case of Emilio Jacinto- 18 years old when he

conflict vis-a-vis the law, interprets and joined the movement.
adjudicates the law
EIGHT RAYS SYMBOLIZING THE EIGHT
The Plate Tectonic Theory - formulated PROVINES
by a German Scientist Dr. Fritjof Voss in
1976.  Manila, Cavite , Bulacan ,
Pampanga , Nueva Ecija , Bataan
The Volcanic Eruption Theory- based on ,Laguna and Batangas.
the study of geologist Bailey Willis.
10 December 1898- The Treaty was
The Asiatic Theory- based on the study signed.
of Dr. Leopoldo Faustino
The fisrt cartoon was publised in The
Wave of Migration Theory- according to Independence on May 20, 1961 . The
Henry Otley Beyer, the founder of the cartoon shows a politician Tondo ,
Anthropological Society in University of named Dr. Santos , passing his crown to
the Philippines his brother-in-law , Dr. Barcelona

Code of Kalantiaw - is a mythical legal

code in the epic history Maragtas .
Datu Bendehara Kalantiaw- third Chief Different Dates and Places of the Cry
of Panay , born in Aklan , established his
government in the peninsula of Batang , A guardia civil, Lt. Olegrio Diaz, identified
Aklan Sakup. the Cry to happened in Balintawak on 25
August 1896.
1968- that it was proved a hoax , when
William Henry Scott. He is a Doctoral Teodoro Kalaw- Filipino historian, marks
candidate at the University of Santo the place to be in Kangkong, Balintawak
Tomas, defended his research on pre- on the last week of August 1896.
Hispanic source in Philippines history.
Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and son
“SA AKING MGA KABATA”- Is a poem of Mariano Alvarez, leader of the
purportedly written by Jose Rizal when Magdiwang faction in Cavite, put the Cry
he was eight years old and is probably in Bahay Toro in Quezon City on 24
one of Rizal's most prominent work August 1896.

Multiperspectivity- This can be defined Pio Valenzuela- known Katipunero. The

as a way of looking at historical events , Katipunan stated that the Cry happened
personalities , development , cultures in Pugad Lawin on 23 August 1896.
and societies from different perspectives.
Historian Gregorio Zaide identified the
Butuan- has long believed as the site of Cry to have happened in Balintawak on
the first Mass. 26 August 1896

Francisco Albo- a pilot of one of Teodoro Agoncillo put it at Pugad Lawin

Magellan 's ship, Trinidad. He was the on 23 August 1896, according to
one of the 18 survivors who returned with statements by Pio Valenzuela.
Sebastian Elcano on the ship Victoria.
Research by historians Milagros
1872- historic year of two events: Cavite Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion, and
Mutiny and martyrdom of the three Ramon Villegas claimed that the event
priests: Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, took place in Tandang Sora's barn in
and Jacinto Zamora ( GOMBURZA). Gulod. Barangay Banlat, Quezon City, on
24 August 1896.
February 17, 1872- GOMBURZA was
executed. 5 CONSTITUTIONS IN PHILIPPINES

Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de 1) 1987: Constitution of Biak na Bato-

Tavera- a Filipino scholar who wrote a was provisionary constitution of
Filipino version of the bloody incident in Philippine Republic during Philippine
Cavite. Revolution and was promulgated on
November 1, 1897.
Edmund Plauchut- French writer
complemented Tavera's account and 3 ORGANS OF GOVERNMENT UNDER
analyzed the motivation of Mutiny. THIS CONSTITUTION;

La Liga Filipina- organization founded -Supreme Council

by Rizal with Andres Bonifacio as one of
- Consejo Supremo de Gracia Y Justicia
its members. It was short-lived as
Spaniard exiled Rizal to Dapitan - Asamblea de Representantes
2) 1899: Malolos Constitution Joaquin Pardo de Tavera,Antonio Ma.
Regidor, Jose and Pio Basa- Filipino
3) 1935: Commonwealth Constitution lawyers who were suspended from the
practice of law, arrested, and sentenced
4) 1973: Constitutional Authoritarianism
to life imprisonment at Marianas Island.
5) 1987: Constitution after Martial Law
LAND REFORM PROGRAMS
Tydings-McDuffie Act or Philippine
National Rice and Corn Corporation
Independence Act was passed by United
(NARIC)
States Congress on 1934.
Land Settlement Development
3 METHODS IN CHANGING THE
Corporation ( LASEDECO)
CONSTITUTION
National Resettlement and Rehabilitation
1. Constituent Assembly (CON-ASS)
Administration (NARRA)
2. Constitutional Convention (CON-CON)
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
- is a method in changing the constitution
Program Extension with Reforms
where Congress, upon a vote of two
(CARPER)
thirds of all its members calls for a
constitutional convention. Presedential Decree No. 27
3. People's Initiative (PI) - is the third Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of
method in changing the constitution. Agricultural Credit Cooperative)
R.A 1199 or Agricultural Tenancy Act of Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural
1954- governed the relationship between Tenancy Act of 1954)
landowners and tenant farmers by
organizing share-tenancy and leasehold Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act
system. The law provided the security of of 1955)
tenure of tenants. It also created the
Court of Agrarian Relations.

R.A No. 3844 or the Agricultural Land

Reform Code- was established during
Macapagal era. This code abolished
share tenancy and prescribed a program
to convert tenant-farmers to lessees and
later on owner-cultivators.

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo- established

the Expanded Value- added tax (EVAT)
that was signed into a law as Republic
Act 9937.

Benigno Aquino III- promulgated

Republic Act 10351 which increases taxes
on tobacco and cigarettes.