GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3130006
Semester – III
Subject Name: Probability and Statistics

Type of course: Basic Science Course

Prerequisite: Probability basics

Rationale: Systematic study of uncertainty (randomness) by probability - statistics and curve fitting by
numerical methods

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks

Total
Theory Marks Practical Marks
L T P C Marks
ESE (E) PA (M) ESE (V) PA (I)
3 2 0 5 70 30 0 0 100

Content:

Sr. No. Content Total % Weightage

Hrs
Basic Probability:
Experiment, definition of probability, conditional probability, independent
events, Bayes' rule, Bernoulli trials, Random variables, discrete random
variable, probability mass function, continuous random variable,
01 08 20 %
probability density function, cumulative distribution function, properties
of cumulative distribution function, Two dimensional random variables
and their distribution functions, Marginal probability function,
Independent random variables.
Some special Probability Distributions:
Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, Poisson approximation to the
02 25 %
binomial distribution, Normal, Exponential and Gamma densities, 10
Evaluation of statistical parameters for these distributions.
Basic Statistics:
Measure of central tendency: Moments, Expectation, dispersion,
03 skewness, kurtosis, expected value of two dimensional random variable, 10 20%
Linear Correlation, correlation coefficient, rank correlation coefficient,
Regression, Bounds on probability, Chebyshev‘s Inequality
Applied Statistics:
Formation of Hypothesis, Test of significance: Large sample test for single
proportion, Difference of proportions, Single mean, Difference of means,
and Difference of standard deviations.
04 10
Test of significance for Small samples: 25 %
t- Test for single mean, difference of means, t-test for correlation
coefficients, F- test for ratio of variances, Chi-square test for goodness of
fit and independence of attributes.
Curve fitting by the numerical method: Curve fitting by of method of least
05 squares, fitting of straight lines, second degree parabola and more general 04 10 %
curves.

1
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Engineering
Subject Code: 3130006
Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory):

Distribution of Theory Marks

R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level
7 28 35 0 0 0
Legends: R: Remembrance; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create and
above Levels (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)

Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual
distribution of marks in the question paper may vary from above table. This subject will be taught by
Maths faculties.

Reference Books:

(1) P. G. Hoel, S. C. Port and C. J. Stone, Introduction to Probability Theory, Universal Book
Stall.
(2) S. Ross, A First Course in Probability, 6th Ed., Pearson Education India.
(3) W. Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Vol. 1, Wiley.
(4) D. C. Montgomery and G. C. Runger, Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers,
Wiley.
(5) J. L. Devore, Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences, Cengage
Learning.

Course Outcome:
Sr. CO statement Marks %
No. weightage

CO-1 understand the terminologies of basic probability, two types of random 20 %

variables and their probability functions
CO-2 observe and analyze the behavior of various discrete and continuous 25 %
probability distributions
CO-3 understand the central tendency, correlation and correlation coefficient and
20%
also regression

CO-4 apply the statistics for testing the significance of the given large and small
25 %
sample data by using t- test, F- test and Chi-square test

CO-5 understand the fitting of various curves by method of least square 10 %

List of Open Source Software/learning website:

MIT Opencourseware. NPTEL.

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 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER– III (New) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2019
Subject Code: 3130006 Date: 26/11/2019
Subject Name: Probability and Statistics
Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) In how many different ways can 4 of 15 laboratory assistants be chosen to assist with an 03
experiment?
(b) If 5 of 20 tires in storage are defective and 5 of them are randomly chosen for inspection 04
(that is, each tire has the same chance of being selected), what is the probability that the
two of the defective tires will be included?
(c) The following are the data on the drying time of a certain varnish and the amount of an 07
additive that is intended to reduce the drying time?
Amount of varnish
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
additive(grams)”x”
Drying time(hr) “y” 12.0 10.5 10.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.5 8.5 9.0
(i) Fit a second degree polynomial by the method of least square.
(ii) Use the result of (i) to predict the drying time of the varnish when 6.5 gms of the
additive is being used.
Q.2 (a) If 3 balls are “randomly drawn” from a bowl containing 6 white and 5 black balls. What 03
is the probability that one of the balls is white and the other two black?
(b) The article “A Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake Test for the Evaluation of Automotive 04
Crankcase Lubricants” reported the following data on oxidation-induction time (min) for
various commercial oils:
87, 103, 130, 160, 180, 195, 132, 145, 211, 105, 145, 153, 152, 138, 87, 99, 93, 119,
129
(i) Calculate the sample variance and standard deviation.
(ii) If the observations were re-expressed in hours, what would be the resulting values of
the sample variance and sample standard deviation?
(c) In an examination, minimum 40 marks for passing and 75 marks for distinction are 07
required. In this examination 45% students passed and 9% obtained distinction. Find
average marks and standard deviation of this distribution of marks.
[P(z=0.125)=0.05 and P(z=1.34)=0.41]
OR
(c) Distribution of height of 1000 students is normal with mean 165 cms and standard 07
deviation 15 cms. How many soldiers are of height
(i) less than 138 cms (ii) more than 198 cms (iii) between 138 and 198 cms.
[P(z=1.8)=0.4641, P(z=2.2)=0.4861]
Q.3 (a) Compute the coefficient of correlation between X and Y using the following data: 03
X 2 4 5 6 8 11
Y 18 12 10 8 7 5

(b) An analysis of monthly wages paid to workers in two firms A and B belong to the same 04
industry gave the following results.
1
 Firm A Firm B
No. of wages earners 986 548
Average monthly wages Rs. 52.5 Rs. 47.5
Variance of distribution of wages 100 121
(a) Which firm pays out large amounts as wage bill?
(b) In which firm there is greater variability in individual wages?
(c) Obtain the two lines of regression for the following data: 07
Sales
190 240 250 300 310 335 300
(No. of tablets)
Advertising
5 10 15 20 20 30 30
expenditure (Rs.)

OR
Q.3 (a) A sample of 20 items has mean 42 units and standard deviation 5 units. Test the hypothesis 03
that it is a random sample from a normal population with mean 45 units.[t at 5% level for
19 d.f. is 2.09.]
(b) A university warehouse has received a shipment of 25 printers, of which 10 are laser 04
printers and 15 are inkjet models. If 6 of these 25 are selected at random to be checked by
a particular technician, what is the probability that exactly 3 of those selected are laser
printers (so that the other 3 are inkjets)?
(c) Find the regression equation showing the capacity utilization on production from the 07
following data:
Average Standard deviation
Production (in lakh units) 35.6 10.5
Capacity utilization (in %) 84.8 8.5
Correlation coefficient r = 0.62
Estimate the production when capacity utilization is 70%.
Q.4 (a) Each sample of water has a 10% chance of containing a particular organic pollutant. 03
Assume that the samples are independent with regard to the presence of the pollutant.
Find the probability that in the next 18 samples, at least 4 samples contain the pollutant.
(b) Goal scored by two teams A and B in a football season were as follows: 04

No. of goals scored in a match 0 1 2 3 4

No. of matches played by team A 27 9 8 5 4
No. of matches played by team B 17 9 6 5 3
Find out which team is more consistent.
(c) Out of 800 families with 4 children each, how many families would be expected to have 07
(i) 2 girls and 2 boys (ii) at least one boy (iii) no girl (iv) at most two girls? Assume equal
probabilities for boys and girls.
OR
Q.4 (a) Assume that the probability that a wafer contains a large particle of contamination is 0.01 03
and that the wafers are independent; that is, the probability that a wafer contains a large
particle is not dependent on the characteristics of any of the other wafers. If 15 wafers are
analyzed, what is the probability that no large particles are found?

2
 (b) A microchip company has two machines that produce the chips. Machine I produces 65% 04
of the chips, but 5% of its chips are defective. Machine II produces 35% of the chips and
15% of its chips are defective. A chip is selected at random and found to be defective.
What is the probability that it came from Machine I?
(c) If a publisher of nontechnical books takes great pains to ensure that its books are free of 07
typographical errors, so that the probability of any given page containing at least one such
error is .005 and errors are independent from page to page, what is the probability that
one of its 400-page novels will contain (i) exactly one page with errors? (ii)At most three
pages with errors?
Q.5 (a) Samples of sizes 10 and 14 were taken from two normal populations with standard 03
deviation 3.5 and 5.2. The sample means were found to be 20.3 and 18.6. Test whether
the means of the two populations are the same at 5% level. [ t 0.05 =2.0739].
(b) Two independent samples of 8 and 7 items respectively had the following values of the 04
variable (weight in kg):
Sample I : 9 11 13 11 15 9 12 14
Sample II: 10 12 10 14 9 8 10
Do the two estimates of population variance differ significantly? Given that for (7,6) d.f.
the value of F at 5% level of significance is 4.20 nearly.
(c) Records taken of the number of male and female births in 830 families having four 07
children are as follows:
Number of male births 0 1 2 3 4
Number of female births 4 3 2 1 0
Number of families 32 178 290 236 94
Test whether the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Binomial law holds and
the chance of male birth is equal to that of female birth, namely p = q = 1/2. [ χ 2 at 5%
level of significance for 4 df is 9.49]
OR
Q.5 (a) Two samples of size 9 and 8 give the sum of squares of deviations from their respective 03
means equal 160 inches and 91 inches square respectively. Can they be regarded as drawn
from two normal populations with the same variance?
(F for 8 and 7 d.f. = 3.73).
(b) A die is thrown 276 times and the results of these throws are given below: 04
Number appeared on the die 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 40 32 29 59 57 59
2
Test whether the die is biased or not. [ χ at 5% level of significance for 5 df is 11.09]
(c) The following figures refer to observations in live independent samples: 07
Sample I: 25 30 28 34 24 20 13 32 22 38
Sample II: 40 34 22 20 31 40 30 23 36 17
Analyse whether the samples have been drawn from the population of equal means.
[t at 5% level of significance for 18 d.f is 2.1] Test whether the means of two population
are same at 5% level (t at 0.05=2.0739)

*************************

3
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE- SEMESTER–III (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2020
Subject Code:3130006 Date:09/03/2021
Subject Name:Probability and Statistics
Time:10:30 AM TO 12:30 PM Total Marks:56
Instructions:
1. Attempt any FOUR questions out of EIGHT questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Statistical Tables are required.

Q.1 (a) Find the mean, median and Mode for the following frequency distribution: 03
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝑓 4 7 8 10 6 6 4 2 2 1
(b) An insurance company insured 2000 bike drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 04
truck drivers. The probability of an accident involving a bike driver, a car driver
and a truck driver is 0.10, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons
meets with an accident. What is the probability that he is a bike driver?
(c) ( i ) A manufacturer of external hard drives claims that only 10 % of his drives 03
require repairs within the warranty period of 12 months. If 5 of 20 of his
drives required repairs within the first year, does this tend to support or
refute the claim?
( ii ) The actual amount of instant coffee that a filling machine puts into 04
“4 −ounce” jars may be looked upon as a random variable having a normal
distribution with 𝜎 = 0.04 ounce. If only 2 % of the jars are to contain less
than 4 ounces, what should be the mean fill of these jars? Out of 10000
jars sold, how many are expected to contain more than 4.2 ounces?
Q.2 (a) If the probability that an individual suffers a bad reaction from a certain 03
injection is 0.001. Find the probability that out of 2000 individuals, ( i ) more
than 2 individuals; ( ii ) exactly 3 individuals will suffer a bad reaction.
(b) A stenographer claims that she can type at the rate of 120 words per minute. She 04
demonstrated, on the basis of 100 trials, an average speed of 116 words with a
standard deviation of 15 words. Does this enable us to reject the null hypothesis
𝜇 = 120 against the alternative hypothesis 𝜇 < 120 at the 0.05 level of
significance?
(c) ( i ) The time to check out and process payment information at an office 03
supplies Web site can be modeled as a random variable with mean 𝜇 = 63
seconds and variance 𝜎 2 = 81 seconds. What is the probability that a
random sample of size 36 has mean greater than 66.75?
( ii ) If two random variables 𝑋 and 𝑌 have the joint density 04
𝑘(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ), 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { ,
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
find 𝑘 and the mean of the conditional density 𝑓1 (𝑥 | 0.5) where 𝑓1 (𝑥) is
the marginal probability density of 𝑋.

Q.3 (a) If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent events with 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.26, and 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.45, find 03
(𝑎) 𝑃(𝐴⋂𝐵); ( 𝑏 ) 𝑃(𝐴⋂𝐵̅ ); ( 𝑐 ) 𝑃(𝐴̅⋂𝐵̅ ).
(b) Compute Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation between 𝑋 and 𝑌 for the 04
following data:
𝑋 100 98 78 85 110 93 80
𝑌 85 90 70 72 95 81 74
1
 (c) ( i ) The arithmetic means of runs scored by three batsmen A, B and C, in the 03
same series of 10 innings, are 50, 48 and 12 respectively. The standard
deviations of their runs are 15, 12 and 2 respectively. Who is the most
consistent of the three?
( ii ) Calculate the first four moments about the mean of the following data: 04
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
𝑓 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1

Q.4 (a) The following table gives the probabilities that a certain computer will 03
malfunction 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 times on any one day:
Number of 𝑥∶ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
malfunctions
Probability 𝑓(𝑥) ∶ 0.17 0.29 0.27 0.16 0.07 0.03 0.01
Find the mean and variance of this probability distribution.
(b) The coefficient of rank correlation of marks obtained by 10 students in English 04
and Economics was found to be 0.6. It was later discovered that the difference in
ranks in the two subjects obtained by one of the students was wrongly taken as 7
instead of 1. Find the correct coefficient of rank correlation.
(c) ( i ) Find out mean deviation about median for the following series: 03
Size 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Freq. 2 1 3 6 4 3 1
( ii ) Find Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness for the following data: 04
𝑥 0 − 10 10 − 20 20 − 30 30 − 40 40 − 50
𝑓 13 20 30 25 12
Q.5 (a) The life in hours of a certain kind of radio tube has the probability density 03
100⁄ , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 100
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥2 ,
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
find the distribution function and use it to determine the probability that the life
of tube is more than 150 hrs.
(b) The number of flaws in a fiber optic cable follows a Poisson process with an 04
average of 0.6 per 100 feet.
( i ) Find the probability of exactly 2 flaws in a 200 foot cable.
( ii ) Find the probability of exactly 1 flaw in the first 100 feet and exactly 1
flaw in the second 100 feet.
(c) The population (𝑝) of a small community on the outskirts of a city grows rapidly 07
over a 20 −year period:
𝑡 0 5 10 15 20
𝑝 100 200 450 950 2000
As an engineer working for a utility company, you must forecast the population
5 years into the future in order to anticipate the demand for power. Employ an
exponential model and linear regression to make this prediction.

Q.6 (a) The joint probability density of two random variables is given by 03
6𝑒 −2𝑥1 −3𝑥2 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥1 > 0, 𝑥2 > 0
𝑓(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) = { .
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find the marginal densities of both the random variables and hence show that the
two random variables are independent.
(b) The probability that an electronic component will fail in less than 1000 hours of 04
continuous use is 0.25. Use the normal approximation to find the probability that
among 200 such components fewer than 45 will fail in less than 1000 hours of
continuous use.
(c) Fit a parabola 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 to the following data: 07

2
 𝑥 1 2 3 5 6
𝑦 1.1 5.8 17.5 55.9 86.7
Q.7 (a) In a study of automobile collision insurance costs, a random sample of 80 body 03
repair costs for a particular kind of damage had a mean of 33065 𝑅𝑠. and a
standard deviation of 4364 𝑅𝑠. If 𝑥̅ = 33065 𝑅𝑠. is used as a point estimate of
the true average repair cost of this kind of damage, with what confidence can one
assert that the error does not exceed 700 𝑅𝑠. ?
(b) In a certain city, the daily consumption of electric power (in millions of kilowatt- 04
hours) can be treated as a random variable having a gamma distribution with 𝛼 =
2 and 𝛽 = 3. If the power plant of this city has a daily capacity of 12 million
kilowatt-hours, what is the probability that this power supply will be inadequate
on any given day? Also, find the mean of this probability density.
(c) ( i ) Ten bearings made by a certain process have a mean diameter of 0.506 𝑐𝑚 03
and a standard deviation of 0.004 𝑐𝑚. Assuming that the data may be
looked upon as a random variable from a normal population, construct a
95 % confidence interval for the actual average diameter of bearings made
by this process.
( ii ) A consumer protection agency wants to test a paint manufacturer’s claim 04
that the average drying time of his new paint is 20 minutes. It instructs a
member of its research staff to paint each of 36 boards using a different
1 −gallon can of the paint, with the intention of rejecting the claim if the
mean of the drying times exceeds 20.75 minutes. Otherwise, it will accept
the claim. Find the probability of a Type I error. Also, find the probability
of a Type II error when 𝜇 = 21 minutes. Assume that 𝜎 = 2.4 minutes.

Q.8 (a) The dean of a college wants to use the mean of a random sample to estimate the 03
average amount of time students take to get from one class to the next, and she
wants to be able to assert with 99 % confidence that the error is at most 0.25
minute. If it can be presumed from experience that 𝜎 = 1.40 minutes, how large
a sample will she have to take?
(b) How exponential distribution is useful in real applications? Find the mean and 04
variance of the exponential distribution
1 −𝑥⁄𝛽
𝑒 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0, 𝛽 > 0
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝛽 .
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
(c) A random sample from a company’s very extensive files shows that orders for a 07
certain piece of machinery were filled, respectively, in 10, 12, 19, 14, 15, 18, 11
and 13 days. Use the level of significance 𝛼 = 0.01 to test the claim that on
average such orders are filled in 10.5 days. Choose the alternative hypothesis so
that rejection of the null hypothesis 𝜇 = 10.5 implies that it takes longer than
indicated. Assume normality.

*************

3
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER– III EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2020
Subject Code: 3130006 Date:28/10/2020
Subject Name: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Statistical Tables are required.

Q.1 (a) An insurance company obtained the following data for accident claims (in 03
thousand rupees) from a particular region. Find its mean, median and Mode.
Amount 1−3 3−5 5−7 7−9 9 − 11 11 − 13
Frequency 6 47 75 46 18 8
(b) A market survey was conducted in four cities to find out the preference for brand 04
𝐴 soap. The responses are shown below:
Delhi Kolkata Chennai Mumbai
Yes 45 55 60 50
No 35 45 35 45
No opinion 5 5 5 5
( a ) What is the probability that a consumer preferred brand 𝐴, given that he
was from Chennai?
( b ) Given that a consumer preferred brand 𝐴, what is the probability that he
was from Mumbai?
(c) ( i ) The number of monthly breakdowns of a computer is a random variable 03
having Poisson distribution with mean 1.8. Find the probability that the
computer will function for a month ( a ) without a breakdown ( b ) with at
least one breakdown.
( ii ) Assume that 5 % of the apples weigh less than 150 𝑔𝑚 and 20 % of the 04
apples weigh more than 225 𝑔𝑚. If the distribution of the weight of the
apples is normal, find the mean and standard deviation of the distribution.
Q.2 (a) The probability that one of the ten telephone lines is busy at an instant is 0.2. 03
( a ) What is the probability that 5 of the lines are busy?
( b ) What is the probability that all the lines are busy?
(b) An auto company claims that the mean petrol consumption of its new six cylinder 04
car is 9.5 km per liter which is lower than the existing auto engine. It was found
that the mean petrol consumption of a sample of 50 of these cars was 10 km per
liter with a standard deviation of 3.5 km per liter. Test the claim at 5 % level of
significance.
(c) ( i ) The life of batteries manufactured by a battery manufacturer can be 03
modelled as a random variable having approximately a normal distribution
with 𝜇 = 50 months and 𝜎 = 6 months. Find the probability that the mean
of a random sample of 36 such batteries will be less than 48 months.
( ii ) If two random variables 𝑋 and 𝑌 have the joint density 04
𝑘(𝑥 2 + 𝑦), 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { ,
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
find 𝑘 and the mean of the conditional density 𝑓1 (𝑥 | 0.5) where 𝑓1 (𝑥) is
the marginal probability density of 𝑋.
OR
(c) ( i ) A process for making certain bearings is under control if the diameters of 03

1
 the bearings have a mean of 0.5000 cm. What can we say about this
process if a sample of 10 of these bearings has a mean diameter of 0.5060
cm and a standard deviation of 0.0040 cm?
( ii ) Three balanced coins are tossed. Let 𝑋 denote the number of heads on the 04
first two coins and 𝑌 denote the number of tails on the last two coins. Find
the joint distribution of 𝑋 and 𝑌.
Q.3 (a) Show that 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent events if 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.25, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.40, and 03
𝑃(𝐴⋃𝐵) = 0.50.
(b) Given that 𝑛 = 25, ∑ 𝑋 = 125, ∑ 𝑋 2 = 650, ∑ 𝑌 = 100, ∑ 𝑌 2 = 460 and 04
∑ 𝑋𝑌 = 508. Later on it was found that two of the points (8, 12) and (6, 8) were
wrongly entered as (6, 14) and (8, 6). Prove that 𝑟 = 2⁄3.
(c) ( i ) The runs scored by two batsmen 𝐴 and 𝐵 in 10 matches are given in the 03
following table:
𝐴 14 13 26 53 17 29 79 36 84 49
𝐵 37 22 56 52 14 10 37 48 20 4
Who is more consistent?
( ii ) Calculate the first four moments about the mean of the following data: 04
𝑥 5 10 15 20 25
𝑓 6 10 14 6 4
OR
Q.3 (a) The number of page requests that arrive at a Web server is a Poisson random 03
variable. Its probability distribution is as follows:
Number of 𝑥 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
requests/sec.
Probability 𝑓(𝑥) 0.368 0.368 0.184 0.061 0.015 0.003 0.001
Find the mean and variance of this probability distribution.
(b) From the following data of the marks obtained by 8 students in Computer 04
Networking (CN) and Complier Design (CD) papers, compute rank coefficient
of correlation.
CN 15 20 28 12 40 60 20 80
CD 40 30 50 30 20 10 30 60
(c) ( i ) Find out mean deviation about median for the following series: 03
Size 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Freq. 1 2 4 5 4 3 1
( ii ) Find the coefficient of skewness based on the Method of Moments for the 04
following data:
Class 0 − 10 10 − 20 20 − 30 30 − 40 40 − 50
𝑓 13 20 30 25 12
Q.4 (a) In a certain district, the proportion of highway sections requiring repairs in any 03
given year is a random variable having the probability density
12 𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥) , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 1
𝑓(𝑥) = { .
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find the distribution function and use it to determine the probability that at least
half of the highways sections will require repairs in any given year.
(b) At a checkout counter customers arrive at an average of 1.5 per minute. Find the 04
probabilities that ( i ) at most 4 will arrive in any given minute; ( ii ) one
customer will arrive in the first one minute and two customers will arrive in
the next one minute.
(c) Fit a parabola 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 to the following data: 07
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
𝑦 1 4 10 17 30
OR
Q.4 (a) The joint probability density of two random variables 𝑋1 and 𝑋2 is given by 03
2
 1
(𝑥 ),
𝑓(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) = {5 1 + 2𝑥2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥1 < 1, 0 < 𝑥2 < 2.
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find the marginal densities of both the random variables and check whether the
two random variables are independent.
(b) A safety engineer feels that 30 % of all industrial accidents in her plant are caused 04
by failure of employees to follow instructions. If this figure is correct, find
approximately, the probability that among 84 industrialized accidents in this
plant anywhere from 20 to 30 (inclusive) will be due to failure of employees to
follow instructions.
(c) The following show the gain in reading speed of 3 students in a speed-reading 07
program, and the number of weeks they have been in the program:
No. of weeks 3 5 2 8 6 9 3 4
Speed gain 86 118 49 193 164 232 73 109
Fit a straight line by the method of least squares.
Q.5 (a) Suppose that the time it takes to get service in a restaurant follows a gamma 03
distribution with mean 8 minutes and variance 32 minutes. Suppose that you
went to this restaurant at 6: 30 p.m. What is the probability that you will receive
service before 6: 36 p.m.?
(b) If 57 out of 150 patients suffering from certain disease are cured by allopathy 04
and 33 out of 100 patients with the same disease are cured by homeopathy, is
there reason to believe that allopathy is better than homeopathy at 0.05 level of
significance?
(c) ( i ) If two independent random samples of size 𝑛1 = 7 and 𝑛2 = 13 are taken 03
from a normal population, what is the probability that the variance of the
first sample will be at least three times as large as that of the second
sample?
( ii ) A courier service advertises that its average delivery time is less than 5 04
hours for local deliveries. A random sample of 10 for the amount of time
this courier service takes to deliver packages to an addressee across town
produced the following times: 8, 3, 4, 7, 10, 5, 6, 4, 5, 8. Is this evidence
support the claim of the courier service at 5 % level of significance?
OR
Q.5 (a) A power supply unit for a computer component is assumed to follow an 03
exponential distribution with a mean life of 1200 hours. What is the probability
that the component will survive more than 1500 hours?
(b) Twenty people were attacked by a disease and only 18 survived. Will you reject 04
the hypothesis that the survival rate if attacked by this disease is 85 % in favour
of the hypothesis that it is more at 5 % level.
(c) ( i ) The mean life of a random sample of 10 light bulbs was found to be 1456 03
hours with a standard deviation of 423 hours. A second sample of 17
bulbs chosen at random from a different batch showed a mean life of 1280
hours with a standard deviation of 398 hours. Is the difference between
the mean life of the two batches significant at 5 % level of significance?
( ii ) The manager of a theatre complex with four theaters wanted to see 04
whether there was difference in popularity of the four movies currently
showing for Saturday afternoon with the following results: 86, 77, 84, 81
custormers viewed movies 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Complete the test to
see whether there is a difference at the 5 % level of significance.

*************

3
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–III (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2021
Subject Code:3130006 Date:17-02-2022
Subject Name:Probability and Statistics
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Q.1 (a) Define a term random variable and explain different types of random variable. 03
(b) A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability 04
that the card is a spade or a king?
(c) State Baye’s theorem. There are three bags; first containing 1 white, 2 red and 07
3green balls; second 2 white, 3 red and 1green balls and third 3 white, 1 red
and 2 green balls. Two balls are drawn from a beg chosen at random. These
are found to be 1 white and 1 red. Find the probability that the balls so drawn
came from the second bag.

Q.2 (a) Two judges in a beauty contest rank the 12 contestants as follows: 03
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
y 12 9 6 10 3 5 4 7 6 2 11 1
Calculate rank correlation coefficient.
(b) A book contains 100 misprints distributed randomly throughout its 100 pages. 04
What is the probability that a page observed at random contains at least 2
misprints.
(c) A die is thrown six times. If getting an odd number is a success, find the 07
probability of (i) 5 success (ii) at least five success and (iii) at most five
success.
OR
(c) If a random variable x is Gamma distribution with parameter 𝜆 = 3, compute 07
the value of (i) P(x≤1) and (ii) P(1≤x≤2).

Q.3 (a) Calculate the coefficient of variance for the following data: 03
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Interval
Frequency 5 7 2 3 3
(b) Calculate the median for the following data: 04
Class 0-30 30-60 60-90 90-120 120- 150-180
Interval 150
Frequency 8 13 22 27 18 7
(c) Compute the correlation coefficients between X and Y using following data: 07
X 2 4 5 6 8 11
Y 18 12 10 8 7 5
OR
Q.3 (a) Obtain correlation coefficient between x and y if two regression lines are 4x- 03
5y+33=0 and 20x-9y-107=0.

1
 (b) Calculate the mode for the following data:
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Interval 04
Frequency 10 14 19 7 13

(c) Obtain the regression line of y on x for the following data:

x 100 98 78 85 110 93 80 07
y 85 90 70 72 95 81 74

Q.4 (a) Explain the term related to testing of hypothesis: (i) Null hypothesis (ii) 03
Alternate hypothesis and (iii) Errors while accepting or rejecting a hypothesis.
(b) The mean of 35 sample of the thermal conductivity of a certain kind of cement 04
brick is 0.343 with standard deviation of 0.010. Test the hypothesis that the
population mean is 0.340 at 5% level of significance.
(c) Fit a binomial distribution for the following data showing the survey of 800 07
families with 4 children and test the goodness of fit.
No. of boys 0 1 2 3 4
No. of girls 4 3 2 1 0
No. of families 32 178 290 238 64
OR
Q.4 (a) A random sample of size 15 from bivariate normal distribution gave a 03
correlation coefficient r=0.5. Is this indicate the existence of correlation in the
population?
(b) A tire company is suspicious to claim that the average lifetime of certain tires 04
is at least 28000 km. To check the claim, the company takes the sample of 40
tires and gets a mean life time of 27463 km with standard deviation of 1348
km. Test the hypothesis at 1% level of significance.
(c) Fit a Poisson distribution for the following data and test the goodness of fit. 07
x 0 1 2 3 4
f 112 73 30 4 1
Q.5 (a) In 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 if ∑ 𝑥 = 50, ∑ 𝑦 = 80, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 1030, ∑ 𝑥 2 = 750 and 𝑛 = 03
10, then find 𝑎 and 𝑏.
(b) Fit a curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥 for the following data: 04
x 1 2 3 4
y 7 11 17 27
(c) State properties of the normal distribution. Suppose the marks of 800 students 07
are normally distributed with mean 66 and standard deviation 5. Find number
of students getting marks (i) between 65 and 70 (ii) greater than or equal to
72 (Given that P(0≤z≤0.20)=0.0793, that P(0≤z≤0.80)=0.2881 and that
P(0≤z≤1.2)=0.3849)
OR
Q.5 (a) A random variable x has the following probability distribution: 03
𝑥𝑖 0 1 2 3
𝑝𝑖 1/6 3/8 3/8 1/8
Find the standard deviation of x for the given distribution.
(b) With usual notations, find the value of p for a binomial random variable x 04
when n=6 and 9P(x=4)=P(x=2).
(c) Fit a parabola 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 for the following data: 07
x -1 0 1 2
y -2 1 2 4
*********

2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–III (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2021
Subject Code:3130006 Date:06/09/2021
Subject Name:Probability and Statistics
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
Marks
Q.1 (a) An MBA applies for a job in two firms X and Y. The probability of 03
his being selected in firm X is 0.7 and being rejected in Y is 0.5. The
probability of at least one of his applications being rejected is 0.6.
What is the probability that he will selected in one the firms?
(b) A study showed that 65% of managers had some business education 04
and 50% had some engineering education. Furthermore 20% the
managers had some business education but no engineering education.
What is the probability that a manager had some business education,
given that he has some engineering education?
(c) A manufacturing firm produces steel pipes in three plants with daily 07
production volume of 500, 1000, 2000 units respectively. According
to past experience it is know that the fractions of defective output
produced the three plants are respectively 0.05, 0.08, and 0.10. If a
pipe is selected from a day’s total production and found to be
defective. What is the probability that it came from the first plant?
Also find out from which plant the defective pipe comes.

Q.2 (a) The probability that an item produced by a machine will be defective 03
1
is 10. If 12 such items are produced, find the probability that (i) Exactly
one will be defective, (ii) at least two will be defective (iii) None of
the item is defective.
(b) A car hire firm has two cars, which it hires out day by day. The number 04
of demands for a car on each day is distributed as a Poisson
distribution with mean 𝜇 = 1.5. Calculate the proportion of days on
which neither car is used and proportion of days on which some
demand is refused. (𝑒 −1.5 = 0.2231)
(c) The average daily sales of 500 branch offices was Rs. 150 thousand
and the standard deviation Rs. 15 thousand. Assuming the distribution
to be normal indicate how many branches have sales between
a) Rs. 120 thousand and Rs. 145 thousand
b) Rs. 140 thousand and Rs. 165 thousand.
P(0<z<2)=0.4772, P(0<z<0.33)=0.1293, P(0<z<1)=0.2486
OR
(c) Accidents occur with a Poisson distribution at an average 2 per week. 07
Then
a) Obtain the probability of more than 3 accidents during a week.
b) What is the probability that at least two weeks will elapse
between accidents.
Q.3 (a) A fair die is thrown 300 times. Find the lower bound for the probability 03
of getting 30 to 60 sixes.

1
 (b) Find the quartile deviation and its coefficients. Also find inter quartile 04
range and coefficient of variations.
Marks < 35 35-37 38-40 41-43 > 43
Students 8 16 13 8 5
(c) The following data relate to the profits of 1,000 companies: 07
Profits Rs. 100- 120- 140- 160- 180- 200- 220-
in 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
thousands
No. of 17 53 199 194 327 208 02
companies
Calculate the coefficient of skewness.
OR
Q.3 (a) Following is the table showing number of visitors in 180 days to a zoo. 03
Obtain average number of visitors per day.
Marks 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60
Students 22 28 35 45 30 20
(b) Define moments about the assumed mean A. Obtain fist four moments 04
about arbitrary origin from the following table,
Scorers 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
Players 8 11 18 09 04
(c) Find the mean, median and mode from the following table. 07
class 50- 53- 56- 59- 62- 65- 68- 71- 74-
53 56 59 62 65 68 71 74 77
frequency 3 8 14 30 36 28 16 10 3
Q.4 (a) Airscrew escape systems powered by a solid propellant. The burning 03
rate of this propellant is an important product characteristics.
Specifications require that the mean burning rate must be   50
centimeters per second and standard deviation of burning rate   2
centimeters per second. The experimenter choose   0.05 level of
significance and selects random sample of n  25 and obtain a sample
average of x  51.3 centimeters per second. What conclusions should
be drawn? ( z 0.025  1.96 )
(b) Psychological tests of intelligence and of engineering ability were 04
applied to 10 students as per the following data. Find the coefficient
of correlation.
Intelligence 105 104 102 101 100 99 98 96 93 92
ration
Engineering 101 103 100 98 95 96 104 92 97 94
ability
(c) The following table gives the aptitude test scores and productivity 07
indices of 10 workers selected at random
Aptitude 60 62 65 70 72 48 53 73 65 82
scores
Productivity 68 60 62 80 85 40 52 62 60 81
index
Estimate (i) the productivity index of a worker whose test score is 0.92
(ii) the test score of a worker whose productivity index is 0.75.
OR
Q.4 (a) You are working as a purchase manager for a company. The following 03
information has been supplied to you by two manufactures of electric
bulbs.
Company A Company B
Mean life in hours 1300 1248
Standard deviation 82 93
2
 Sample size 100 100
Which brand of bulbs are you going to purchase if you desire to take
a risk at 5%? ( 𝑍0.05 = ±1.96)
(b) An examination of eight applicants for a critical post was given by a 04
firm. From the marks obtained by the applicants in the Accountancy
and Statistics papers, compute rank coefficient correlations.
Marks in 15 20 28 12 40 60 20 80
accountancy
Marks in 40 30 50 30 20 10 30 60
statistics
(c) In partially destroyed laboratory record of an analysis of correlation 07
data, the following results are eligible.
 Variance of x,  x2  9
 Two line of regressions: 8x-10y+66=0, 40x-18y=214.
From the above obtain mean values of x and y, the standard deviation
of y and correlation coefficient.
Q.5 (a) 500 units from a factory are inspected and 12 are found to be defective, 03
800 units from another factory are inspected and 12 are found to be
defective. Can it be concluded at 5% level of significance that
production at second factory is better that in first factory. ( 𝑍0.05 =
±1.96)
(b) Two salesmen A and B are working in a certain district. From a sample 04
survey conducted by the head office, the following results were
obtained. Whether is there any significant difference in the average
sales between two salesmen’s?
A B
Number of sales 20 18
Average sales in Rs. 170 205
Standard deviation in Rs. 20 25
The critical value of t at 5% level of significance and 36 degree of
freedom is more than 36.
(c) A simply supported beam carries a concentrated load P(lb) at its mid- 07
point. Corresponding to various values of P the maximum deflection
y (in) is measured. The corresponding table is given below. Find the
low of the 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑃.
P 100 120 140 160 180 200
y 0.45 0.55 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85
OR
Q.5 (a) A random sample of size 15 from a bivariate normal population gave 03
correlation coefficient r=0.5. Is this indicate the correlation in the
population? Choose   0.05 as level of significance,
 
t  2,13   2.160
(b) By the method of least square fit a curve of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 to the 04
following data.
x 2 3 4 5
y 27.8 62.1 110 161
(c) The number of defects in printed circuit board is hypothesized to 07
follow Poisson distribution. A random sample of n=60 printed board
has been collected and the following number of defects observed.
Number of defects 0 1 2 3
Observed frequency 32 15 09 04
Use chi-square distribution to test the claim that the number defects
follows the Poisson distribution.  20.05 ,1  3.84
******************
3
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER– III (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2022
Subject Code:3130006 Date:11-07-2022
Subject Name:Probability and Statistics
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks:70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.

Q.1 (a) Define and give the example of: (i) Random variable, (ii) Independent Events. 03
(b) Two fair six-sided dice are tossed independently. Let M be the maximum of the two 04
tosses. What is the probability mass function (pmf) of M?
(c) Seventy percent of the light aircraft that disappear while in flight in a certain country 07
are subsequently discovered. Of the aircraft that are discovered, 60% have an
emergency locator, whereas 90% of the aircraft not discovered do not have such a
locator. Suppose a light aircraft has disappeared.
(i) If it has an emergency locator, what is the probability that it will not be discovered?
(ii) If it does not have an emergency locator, what is the probability that it will be
discovered?

Q.2 (a) State the probability function of Exponential and Gamma distribution. 03
(b) A dice is thrown 264 times with the following results. Show that the dice is biased. 04
2
[Use 𝜒0.05 = 11.07 for 5 degree of freedom].
No. appeared on dice 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 40 32 28 58 54 52
(c) Fit a straight line to the following data. Also, estimate the value of y at x=72. 07
x: 65 66 67 67 68 69 71 73
y: 67 68 64 68 72 70 69 70
OR
(c) Fit the second degree parabola using the least square method to the following data: 07
x: 1 2 3 4 5
y: 5 12 26 60 97
Also, estimate y at x=6.

Q.3 (a) State the properties of the Normal Distribution 03

(b) If a random variable has a Poisson distribution such that P(X=1)=P(X=2), find 04
(i) the mean of the distribution, (ii) P(X=5), (iii) P(X>1), and (iv) P(1<X<4).
(c) Define Binomial Distribution. 07
A particular telephone number is used to receive both voice calls and fax messages.
Suppose that 25% of the incoming calls involve fax messages, and consider a sample
of 10 incoming calls. What is the probability that (i)At most 3 (ii) Exactly 3 (iii) At
least 3 (iv) More than 3, of the calls involve a fax message?
OR
Q.3 (a) The mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 4 and 2. Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2). 03

1/3
 (b) A car hire firm has two cars, which it hires out day by day. The number of demands for 04
a car on each day is distributed as a Poisson distribution with mean of 1.5. Calculate the
proportion of days on which (i) neither car is used, (ii) some demand is refused, (iii)
only one car is used.
(c) Define Standard normal variate. 07
The lifetime of a certain kind of batteries has a mean life of 400 hours and the standard
deviation as 45 hours. Assuming the distribution of lifetime to be normal.
Find The percentage of batteries with lifetime (i) at least 490 hours, (ii) between 385
and 490 hours. Also, find the minimum life of the best 5% of batteries.
[Use: P(0< z < 2) = 0.4772, P(0 < z < 0.33) = 0.1293 and P(0< z < 1.65) = 0.45]

Q.4 (a) Explain the term related to testing of hypothesis: (i) Type I Error, (ii) Type II Error, (iii) 03
Level of Significance.
(b) A coin was tossed 960 times and returned heads 183 times. Test the hypothesis that the 04
coin is unbiased. Use 5% level of significance. [use 𝑍0.05 = 1.96].
(c) Two types of batteries are tested for their length of life and the following data are 07
obtained:
No. of samples Mean Life in hours Variance
Type A 9 600 121
Type B 8 640 144
Is there a significant difference in the two means? [Use 𝑡0.05,15 = 2.132]
OR
Q.4 (a) Ten objects are chosen at random from a large population and their weights are found 03
to be in grams:61,63,64,65,68,69,69,70,71,71. Discuss the suggestion that the mean is
65 g. [Use 𝑡0.05 = 2.262 𝑎𝑡 𝑣 = 9].
(b) The means of simple samples of sizes 1000 and 2000 are 67.5 cm and 68 cm 04
respectively. Can the samples be regarded as drawn from the same population of
standard deviation 2 cm. [use 𝑍0.05 = 1.96]
(c) Two random samples are drawn from two populations and the following results were 07
obtained:
Sample I 21 24 25 26 27
Sample II 22 27 28 30 31 36
Find the variances of the two samples and test whether the two populations have the
same variances.[Use 𝐹0.05 (5,4) = 6.26.]

Q.5 (a) The probability distribution of a random variable X is given below. 03

Find (i) E(X), (ii) V(X)
X: -2 -1 0 1 2
P(x=X) 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1
(b) The following are the lines of regression 9𝑦 = 𝑥 + 288 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑦 = 𝑥 + 38. Estimate y 04
when x = 99 and x when y = 30. Also, find the means of x and y.
(c) Ten competitors in a test are ranked by three judges in the following order: 07
Rank by First Judge: 6 10 2 9 8 1 5 3 4 7
Rank by Second Judge: 5 4 10 1 9 3 8 7 2 6
Rank by Third Judge: 4 8 2 10 7 5 9 1 3 6
Use the method of rank correlation to gauge which pairs of judges has nearest common
approach.
OR
Q.5 (a) For a group of 10 items, Σ𝑥 = 452, Σ𝑥 2 = 24270, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 43.7. Find Karl 03
Pearson’s coefficient of Skewness.

2/3
(b) Find the correlation coefficient for the following data: 04
X: -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Y: 9 4 1 0.5 1 4 9
(c) Calculate the regression coefficients and find the two lines of regression for the 07
following data:
x: 57 58 59 59 60 61 62 64
y: 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
Find the value of y when x=65.

*****************************

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